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Ramasamy R, Shekhtman A, Schmidt AM. RAGE/DIAPH1 and atherosclerosis through an evolving lens: Viewing the cell from the "Inside - Out". Atherosclerosis 2024; 394:117304. [PMID: 39131441 PMCID: PMC11309734 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Background and aims In hyperglycemia, inflammation, oxidative stress and aging, Damage Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) accumulate in conditions such as atherosclerosis. Binding of DAMPs to receptors such as the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) activates signal transduction cascades that contribute to cellular stress. The cytoplasmic domain (tail) of RAGE (ctRAGE) binds to the formin Diaphanous1 (DIAPH1), which is important for RAGE signaling. This Review will detail the evidence linking the RAGE/DIAPH1 signaling pathway to atherosclerosis and envisages future therapeutic opportunities from the "inside-out" point of view in affected cells. Methods PubMed was searched using a variety of search terms, including "receptor for advanced glycation end products" along with various combinations including "and atherosclerosis," "soluble RAGE and atherosclerosis," "statins and RAGE," "PPAR and RAGE" and "SGLT2 inhibitor and RAGE." Results In non-diabetic and diabetic mice, antagonism or global deletion of Ager (the gene encoding RAGE) retards progression and accelerates regression of atherosclerosis. Global deletion of Diaph1 in mice devoid of the low density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr) significantly attenuates atherosclerosis; mice devoid of both Diaph1 and Ldlr display significantly lower plasma and liver concentrations of cholesterol and triglyceride compared to mice devoid of Ldlr. Associations between RAGE pathway and human atherosclerosis have been identified based on relationships between plasma/serum concentrations of RAGE ligands, soluble RAGEs and atherosclerosis. Conclusions Efforts to target RAGE/DIAPH1 signaling through a small molecule antagonist therapeutic strategy hold promise to quell accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetes and in other forms of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Shekhtman
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, NY, USA
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Badillo-Garcia LE, Liu Q, Ziebner K, Balduff M, Sevastyanova T, Schmuttermaier C, Klüter H, Harmsen M, Kzhyshkowska J. Hyperglycemia amplifies TLR-mediated inflammatory response of M(IL4) macrophages to dyslipidemic ligands. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:197-204. [PMID: 38427690 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is critical for initiation of diabetic vascular complications. We systemically addressed the role of hyperglycemia in the regulation of TLRs in primary human macrophages. Expression of TLRs (1-9) was examined in monocyte-derived M(NC), M(IFNγ), and M(IL4) differentiated in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions. Hyperglycemia increased expression of TLR1 and TLR8 in M(NC), TLR2 and TLR6 in M(IFNγ), and TLR4 and TLR5 in M(IL4). The strongest effect of hyperglycemia in M(IL4) was the upregulation of the TLR4 gene and protein expression. Hyperglycemia amplified TLR4-mediated response of M(IL4) to lipopolysaccharide by significantly enhancing IL1β and modestly suppressing IL10 production. In M(IL4), hyperglycemia in combination with synthetic triacylated lipopeptide (TLR1/TLR2 ligand) amplified expression of TLR4 and production of IL1β. In summary, hyperglycemia enhanced the inflammatory potential of homeostatic, inflammatory, and healing macrophages by increasing specific profiles of TLRs. In combination with dyslipidemic ligands, hyperglycemia can stimulate a low-grade inflammatory program in healing macrophages supporting vascular diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ernesto Badillo-Garcia
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl Strasse 13-17, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Quan Liu
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl Strasse 13-17, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Kim Ziebner
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl Strasse 13-17, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Michael Balduff
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl Strasse 13-17, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Tatyana Sevastyanova
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl Strasse 13-17, Mannheim 68167, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl Strasse 13-17, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Christina Schmuttermaier
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl Strasse 13-17, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Harald Klüter
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl Strasse 13-17, Mannheim 68167, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 107, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Martin Harmsen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713 GZ, Netherlands
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl Strasse 13-17, Mannheim 68167, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 107, Mannheim 68167, Germany
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Lukic N, Macvanin MT, Gluvic Z, Rizzo M, Radak D, Suri JS, Isenovic ER. SGLT-2 Inhibitors: The Next-generation Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:4781-4806. [PMID: 37855338 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673251493231011192520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a worldwide concern in recent years, primarily in highly developed Western societies. T2DM causes systemic complications, such as atherosclerotic heart disease, ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease, kidney failure, and diabetes-related maculopathy and retinopathy. The growing number of T2DM patients and the treatment of long-term T2DM-related complications pressurize and exhaust public healthcare systems. As a result, strategies for combating T2DM and developing novel drugs are critical global public health requirements. Aside from preventive measures, which are still the most effective way to prevent T2DM, novel and highly effective therapies are emerging. In the spotlight of next-generation T2DM treatment, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are promoted as the most efficient perspective therapy. SGLT-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) include phlorizin derivatives, such as canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and ertugliflozin. SGLT-2, along with SGLT-1, is a member of the SGLT family of proteins that play a role in glucose absorption via active transport mediated by Na+/K+ ATPase. SGLT-2 is only found in the kidney, specifically the proximal tubule, and is responsible for more than 90% glucose absorption. Inhibition of SGLT-2 reduces glucose absorption, and consequently increases urinary glucose excretion, decreasing blood glucose levels. Thus, the inhibition of SGLT-2 activity ultimately alleviates T2DM-related symptoms and prevents or delays systemic T2DM-associated chronic complications. This review aimed to provide a more detailed understanding of the effects of SGLT2i responsible for the acute improvement in blood glucose regulation, a prerequisite for T2DM-associated cardiovascular complications control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Lukic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana T Macvanin
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Clinic for Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zemun Clinical Hospital, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMIS), Università degli Studi di Palermo (UNIPA), 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Djordje Radak
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Serbian Academy of Art and Sciences, Euromedic Clinic, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Esma R Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Adam CA, Marcu DTM, Mitu O, Roca M, Aursulesei Onofrei V, Zabara ML, Tribuș LC, Cumpăt C, Crișan Dabija R, Mitu F. Old and Novel Predictors for Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetic Foot Syndrome—A Narrative Review. APPLIED SCIENCES 2023; 13:5990. [DOI: 10.3390/app13105990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is a complication associated with diabetes that has a strong negative impact, both medically and socio-economically. Recent epidemiological data show that one in six patients with diabetes will develop an ulcer in their lifetime. Vascular complications associated with diabetic foot have multiple prognostic implications in addition to limiting functional status and leading to decreased quality of life for these patients. We searched the electronic databases of PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE for studies that evaluated the role of DFS as a cardiovascular risk factor through the pathophysiological mechanisms involved, in particular the inflammatory ones and the associated metabolic changes. In the era of evidence-based medicine, the management of these cases in multidisciplinary teams of “cardio-diabetologists” prevents the occurrence of long-term disabling complications and has prognostic value for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. Identifying artificial-intelligence-based cardiovascular risk prediction models or conducting extensive clinical trials on gene therapy or potential therapeutic targets promoted by in vitro studies represent future research directions with a modulating role on the risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Andreea Adam
- Department of Medical Specialties I and III and Department of Surgical Specialties, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dragos Traian Marius Marcu
- Department of Medical Specialties I and III and Department of Surgical Specialties, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Pneumophthisiology Iași, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Mitu
- Department of Medical Specialties I and III and Department of Surgical Specialties, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- “St. Spiridon” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Roca
- Department of Medical Specialties I and III and Department of Surgical Specialties, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Viviana Aursulesei Onofrei
- Department of Medical Specialties I and III and Department of Surgical Specialties, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- “St. Spiridon” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Lucian Zabara
- Department of Medical Specialties I and III and Department of Surgical Specialties, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Carina Tribuș
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ilfov County Emergency Hospital, 022104 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Cumpăt
- Department of Medical Specialties I and III and Department of Surgical Specialties, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Management, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu Crișan Dabija
- Department of Medical Specialties I and III and Department of Surgical Specialties, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Pneumophthisiology Iași, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florin Mitu
- Department of Medical Specialties I and III and Department of Surgical Specialties, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Pneumophthisiology Iași, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Medical Sciences, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 700050 Iasi, Romania
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Li G, Li D, Wu C, Li S, Chen F, Li P, Ko CN, Wang W, Lee SMY, Lin L, Ma DL, Leung CH. Homocysteine-targeting compounds as a new treatment strategy for diabetic wounds via inhibition of the histone methyltransferase SET7/9. EXPERIMENTAL & MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 54:988-998. [PMID: 35859119 PMCID: PMC9356058 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In hypoxia and hyperglycemia, SET7/9 plays an important role in controlling HIF-1α methylation and regulating the transcription of HIF-1α target genes, which are responsible for angiogenesis and wound healing. Here, we report the Ir(III) complex Set7_1a bearing acetonitrile (ACN) ligands as a SET7/9 methyltransferase inhibitor and HIF-1α stabilizer. Interestingly, Set7_1a could engage SET7/9 and strongly inhibit SET7/9 activity, especially after preincubation with homocysteine (Hcy), which is elevated in diabetes. We hypothesize that Set7_1a exchanges ACN subunits for Hcy to disrupt the interaction between SET7/9 and SAM/SAH, which are structurally related to Hcy. Inhibition of SET7/9 methyltransferase activity by Set7_1a led to reduced HIF-1α methylation at the lysine 32 residue, causing increased HIF-1α level and recruitment of HIF-1α target genes that promote angiogenesis, such as VEGF, GLUT1, and EPO, in hypoxia and hyperglycemia. Significantly, Set7_1a improved wound healing in a type 2 diabetic mouse model by activating HIF-1α signaling and downstream proangiogenic factors. To our knowledge, this is the first Hcy-targeting iridium compound shown to be a SET7/9 antagonist that can accelerate diabetic wound healing. More importantly, this study opens a therapeutic avenue for the treatment of diabetic wounds by the inhibition of SET7/9 lysine methyltransferase activity. Animal trials have demonstrated the potential of a new drug strategy to heal the wounds associated with diabetes, especially in the feet,which often lead to chronic damage, sometimes treatable only by amputation. Leung CH and Lin L at the University of Macau, China, and Ma DL at the Hong Kong Baptist University tested the new therapy on a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. The treatment uses a homocysteine-targeting metal complex that inhibits a key enzyme SET7/9 involved in the processes that cause diabetic wounds. The treatment activated a molecular signalling cascade involved in generating the new blood vessels needed for wounds to heal. It could help address the urgent need for better treatments for this serious problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.,Zhuhai UM Science and Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519031, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Chung-Nga Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China. .,Zhuhai UM Science and Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519031, China. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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Hulsurkar MM, Lahiri SK, Karch J, Wang MC, Wehrens XHT. Targeting calcium-mediated inter-organellar crosstalk in cardiac diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:303-317. [PMID: 35426759 PMCID: PMC9081256 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2067479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abnormal calcium signaling between organelles such as the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), mitochondria and lysosomes is a key feature of heart diseases. Calcium serves as a secondary messenger mediating inter-organellar crosstalk, essential for maintaining the cardiomyocyte function. AREAS COVERED This article examines the available literature related to calcium channels and transporters involved in inter-organellar calcium signaling. The SR calcium-release channels ryanodine receptor type-2 (RyR2) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), and calcium-transporter SR/ER-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) are illuminated. The roles of mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channels (VDAC), the mitochondria Ca2+ uniporter complex (MCUC), and the lysosomal H+/Ca2+ exchanger, two pore channels (TPC), and transient receptor potential mucolipin (TRPML) are discussed. Furthermore, recent studies showing calcium-mediated crosstalk between the SR, mitochondria, and lysosomes as well as how this crosstalk is dysregulated in cardiac diseases are placed under the spotlight. EXPERT OPINION Enhanced SR calcium release via RyR2 and reduced SR reuptake via SERCA2a, increased VDAC and MCUC-mediated calcium uptake into mitochondria, and enhanced lysosomal calcium-release via lysosomal TPC and TRPML may all contribute to aberrant calcium homeostasis causing heart disease. While mechanisms of this crosstalk need to be studied further, interventions targeting these calcium channels or combinations thereof might represent a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit M Hulsurkar
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Satadru K Lahiri
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason Karch
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meng C Wang
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX USA
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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