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Pan Y, Sun X, Mi X, Huang Z, Hsu Y, Hixson JE, Munzy D, Metcalf G, Franceschini N, Tin A, Köttgen A, Francis M, Brody JA, Kestenbaum B, Sitlani CM, Mychaleckyj JC, Kramer H, Lange LA, Guo X, Hwang SJ, Irvin MR, Smith JA, Yanek LR, Vaidya D, Chen YDI, Fornage M, Lloyd-Jones DM, Hou L, Mathias RA, Mitchell BD, Peyser PA, Kardia SLR, Arnett DK, Correa A, Raffield LM, Vasan RS, Cupple LA, Levy D, Kaplan RC, North KE, Rotter JI, Kooperberg C, Reiner AP, Psaty BM, Tracy RP, Gibbs RA, Morrison AC, Feldman H, Boerwinkle E, He J, Kelly TN. Whole-exome sequencing study identifies four novel gene loci associated with diabetic kidney disease. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:1048-1060. [PMID: 36444934 PMCID: PMC9990994 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is recognized as an important public health challenge. However, its genomic mechanisms are poorly understood. To identify rare variants for DKD, we conducted a whole-exome sequencing (WES) study leveraging large cohorts well-phenotyped for chronic kidney disease and diabetes. Our two-stage WES study included 4372 European and African ancestry participants from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities studies (stage 1) and 11 487 multi-ancestry Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine participants (stage 2). Generalized linear mixed models, which accounted for genetic relatedness and adjusted for age, sex and ancestry, were used to test associations between single variants and DKD. Gene-based aggregate rare variant analyses were conducted using an optimized sequence kernel association test implemented within our mixed model framework. We identified four novel exome-wide significant DKD-related loci through initiating diabetes. In single-variant analyses, participants carrying a rare, in-frame insertion in the DIS3L2 gene (rs141560952) exhibited a 193-fold increased odds [95% confidence interval (CI): 33.6, 1105] of DKD compared with noncarriers (P = 3.59 × 10-9). Likewise, each copy of a low-frequency KRT6B splice-site variant (rs425827) conferred a 5.31-fold higher odds (95% CI: 3.06, 9.21) of DKD (P = 2.72 × 10-9). Aggregate gene-based analyses further identified ERAP2 (P = 4.03 × 10-8) and NPEPPS (P = 1.51 × 10-7), which are both expressed in the kidney and implicated in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system modulated immune response. In the largest WES study of DKD, we identified novel rare variant loci attaining exome-wide significance. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Pan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Xuenan Mi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Zhijie Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yenchih Hsu
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James E Hixson
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Donna Munzy
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ginger Metcalf
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Adrienne Tin
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael Francis
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Bryan Kestenbaum
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Colleen M Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Josyf C Mychaleckyj
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Holly Kramer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Centre, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Centre, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Donald M Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rasika A Mathias
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupple
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Centre, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Harold Feldman
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Goyal R, Singhal PC. APOL1 risk variants and the development of HIV-associated nephropathy. FEBS J 2020; 288:5586-5597. [PMID: 33340240 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) remains a concern among untreated HIV patients, notably of African descent, as patients can reach end-stage renal disease within 3 years. Two variants (G1 and G2) of the APOL1 gene, common in African populations to protect against African sleeping sickness, have been associated with an increased risk of several glomerular disorders including HIVAN, hypertension-attributed chronic kidney disease, and idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and are accordingly named renal risk variants (RRVs). This review examines the mechanisms by which APOL1 RRVs drive glomerular injury in the setting of HIV infection and their potential application to patient management. Innate antiviral mechanisms activated by chronic HIV infection, especially those involving type 1 interferons, are of particular interest as they have been shown to upregulate APOL1 expression. Additionally, the downregulation of miRNA 193a (a repressor of APOL1) is also associated with the upregulation of APOL1. Interestingly, glomerular damage affected by APOL1 RRVs is caused by both loss- and gain-of-function changes in the protein, explicitly characterizing these effects. Their intracellular localization offers a further understanding of the nuances of APOL1 variant effects in promoting renal disease. Finally, although APOL1 variants have been recognized as a critical genetic player in mediating kidney disease, there are significant gaps in their application to patient management for screening, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Goyal
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pravin C Singhal
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
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Yang J, Xiong X, Xiao Y, Wei L, Li L, Yang M, Han Y, Zhao H, Li C, Jiang N, Xiong S, Zeng L, Zhou Z, Liu S, Wang N, Fan Y, Sun L. The single nucleotide polymorphism rs11643718 in SLC12A3 is associated with the development of diabetic kidney disease in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2020; 37:1879-1889. [PMID: 32634861 PMCID: PMC7589246 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the association between 24 literature-based single nucleotide polymorphisms and diabetic kidney disease in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-four candidate diabetic kidney disease-susceptible single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in 208 participants with type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease and 200 participants with type 2 diabetes without diabetic kidney disease (case and control groups, respectively), together with 206 healthy participants using MassARRAY. Rs11643718 in the SLC12A3 gene was associated with diabetic kidney disease in the recessive model after adjusting for confounding factors, such as age and gender (adjusted odds ratio 2.056, 95% CI 1.120-3.776; P = 0.020). Meta-analyses further confirmed the association (P = 0.002). In addition, participants with the GG genotype had worse renal function and more albuminuria than those with the AA+AG genotype (P < 0.05). Renal section immunohistochemistry was conducted in participants with type 2 diabetes, diabetic kidney disease and AA+AG or GG genotypes and in participants with glomerular minor lesions. Together with data from the Nephroseq database, it was shown that the abundance of SLC12A3 was reduced in patients with the GG genotype, while elevated expression of SLC12A3 was associated with better renal function. In addition, rs10951509 and rs1345365 in ELMO1, which were determined to be in high linkage disequilibrium by SHEsis software, were also associated with diabetic kidney disease (adjusted P = 0.010 and 0.015, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The G allele and GG genotype of SLC12A3 rs11643718 are associated with the development of diabetic kidney disease in a Chinese population with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.‐F. Yang
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - X.‐F. Xiong
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Y. Xiao
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - L. Wei
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - L. Li
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - M. Yang
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Y.‐C. Han
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - H. Zhao
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - C.‐R. Li
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - N. Jiang
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - S. Xiong
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - L.‐F. Zeng
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Z.‐G. Zhou
- National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases Diabetes CentreDepartment of EndocrinologySecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - S.‐P. Liu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases Diabetes CentreDepartment of EndocrinologySecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - N.‐S. Wang
- Department of NephrologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Y. Fan
- Department of NephrologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - L. Sun
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
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Human ENPP1 gene polymorphism in DKD patients: a hospital-based case control study. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-020-00841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
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Asgarbeik S, Razi F, Nasli-Esfahani E, Enayati S, Angaji S, Mashkani MA, Forouzanfar K, Amoli MM. Investigating the association of rs2346061 (CNDP1), rs7577 (CNDP2), and rs1801133 (MTHFR) variants and homocysteine level with diabetic nephropathy in an Iranian population. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Tziastoudi M, Stefanidis I, Stravodimos K, Zintzaras E. Identification of Chromosomal Regions Linked to Diabetic Nephropathy: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Linkage Scans. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2019; 23:105-117. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2018.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tziastoudi
- Department of Biomathematics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Stefanidis
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Stravodimos
- 1st University Department of Urology, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian Athens University, Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Zintzaras
- Department of Biomathematics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
- The Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Zhang S, Albrecht T, Rodriguez-Niño A, Qiu J, Schnuelle P, Peters V, Schmitt CP, van den Born J, Bakker SJL, Lammert A, Krämer BK, Yard BA, Hauske SJ. Carnosinase concentration, activity, and CNDP1 genotype in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without nephropathy. Amino Acids 2019; 51:611-617. [PMID: 30610469 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-02692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed if serum carnosinase (CNDP1) activity and concentration in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) with diabetic nephropathy (DN) differs from those without nephropathy. In a cross-sectional design 127 patients with T2D with DN ((CTG)5 homozygous patients n = 45) and 145 patients with T2D without nephropathy ((CTG)5 homozygous patients n = 47) were recruited. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to predict factors relevant for serum CNDP1 concentration. CNDP1 (CTG)5 homozygous patients with T2D with DN had significantly lower CNDP1 concentrations (30.4 ± 18.3 vs 51.2 ± 17.6 µg/ml, p < 0.05) and activity (1.25 ± 0.5 vs 2.53 ± 1.1 µmol/ml/h, p < 0.05) than those without nephropathy. This applied for patients with DN on the whole, irrespective of (CTG)5 homozygosity. In the multivariate regression analyses, lower serum CNDP1 concentrations correlated with impaired renal function and to a lesser extend with the CNDP1 genotype (95% CI of regression coefficients: eGFR: 0.10-1.94 (p = 0.001); genotype: - 0.05 to 5.79 (p = 0.055)). Our study demonstrates that serum CNDP1 concentrations associate with CNDP1 genotype and renal function in patients with T2D. Our data warrant further studies using large cohorts to confirm these findings and to delineate the correlation between low serum CNDP1 concentrations and renal function deterioration in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhang
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology) University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei Shi, China
| | - Thomas Albrecht
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology) University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Angelica Rodriguez-Niño
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology) University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jiedong Qiu
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology) University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Schnuelle
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology) University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Peters
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Lammert
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology) University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard K Krämer
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology) University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Benito A Yard
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology) University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Sibylle J Hauske
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology) University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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Rodriguez-Niño A, Hauske SJ, Herold A, Qiu J, van den Born J, Bakker SJL, Krämer BK, Yard BA. Serum Carnosinase-1 and Albuminuria Rather than the CNDP1 Genotype Correlate with Urinary Carnosinase-1 in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:6850628. [PMID: 31950064 PMCID: PMC6948305 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6850628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carnosinase-1 (CN-1) can be detected in 24 h urine of healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We aimed to assess whether urinary CN-1 is also reliably measured in spot urine and investigated its association with renal function and the albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR). We also assessed associations between the CNDP1 (CTG) n genotype and CN-1 concentrations in serum and urine. METHODS Patients with T2DM (n = 85) and nondiabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (n = 26) stratified by albuminuria (ACR ≤ 300 mg/g or ACR > 300 mg/g) recruited from the nephrology clinic and healthy subjects (n = 24) were studied. RESULTS Urinary CN-1 was more frequently detected and displayed higher concentrations in patients with ACR > 300 mg/g as compared to those with ACR ≤ 300 mg/g irrespective of the baseline disease (T2DM: 554 ng/ml [IQR 212-934 ng/ml] vs. 31 ng/ml [IQR 31-63 ng/ml] (p < 0.0001) and nondiabetic CKD: 197 ng/ml [IQR 112-739] vs. 31 ng/ml [IQR 31-226 ng/ml] (p = 0.015)). A positive correlation between urinary CN-1 and ACR was found (r = 0.68, p < 0.0001). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that ACR and serum CN-1 concentrations but not eGFR or the CNDP1 genotype are independent predictors of urinary CN-1, explaining 47% of variation of urinary CN-1 concentrations (R 2 = 0.47, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION These results confirm and extend previous findings on urinary CN-1 concentrations, suggesting that assessment of CN-1 in spot urine is as reliable as in 24 h urine and may indicate that urinary CN-1 in macroalbuminuric patients is primarily serum-derived and not locally produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Rodriguez-Niño
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Sibylle J. Hauske
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Anna Herold
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Jiedong Qiu
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700RB, Netherlands
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700RB, Netherlands
| | - Bernhard K. Krämer
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Benito A. Yard
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany
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Pizarro MH, Santos DC, Melo LGN, Barros BSV, Muniz LH, Porto LC, Silva DA, Gomes MB. Influence of genomic ancestry and self-reported color-race in CKD in a nationwide admixed sample of Brazilian patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:1831-1840. [PMID: 31571958 PMCID: PMC6748312 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s210585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Patients with diabetes that are African-Americans or Asians have a higher chance of developing diabetic nephropathy than Caucasian. Our objective was to evaluate the association between self-reported color-race, genomic ancestry, and the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), assessed by glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria in patients with type 1 diabetes. METHODS This is a multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study with 1564 patients, conducted between August 2011 and August 2014 in 14 public clinics from 10 Brazilian cities. The ethnic aspects of the patients were evaluated using self-reported color-race and genomic ancestry (divided in European, African, and Amerindian). We divided the patients into groups: normal renal function and CKD. RESULTS More patients self-declared themselves as black and brown in the group with CKD. The multivariate logistic analysis revealed that self-reported color-race was not associated with CKD and that a higher African ancestry was also not associated with CKD (p=0.06). Patients with an African ancestry of 50% or higher had an association with CKD that did not persist after the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION In our patients, from an admixed, multi-ethnic population, we did not find an association between self-reported color-race, genomic ancestry and CKD. It is important to note that despite the fact that we did not find a significant p-value in the multivariate analysis concerning African ancestry and CKD, we found a narrow confidence interval (0.961-3.98) with an OR of 1.956. Further studies should be conducted to confirm the lack of association between African ancestry and CKD, especially from populations with higher African or Amerindian ancestries to better understand the association between self-reported color-race and genomic ancestry with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Haas Pizarro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Unit, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Correspondence: Marcela Haas PizarroDepartment of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Unit, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 77- 3º andar - Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ20551-030, BrazilTel +55 212 868 8224Email
| | - Deborah Conte Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Unit, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laura Gomes Nunes Melo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Luiza Harcar Muniz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Unit, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luís Cristóvão Porto
- Histocompatibility and Cryopreservation Laboratory (HLA), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dayse Aparecida Silva
- DNA Diagnostic Laboratory (LDD), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marília Brito Gomes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Unit, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Osman WM, Jelinek HF, Tay GK, Khandoker AH, Khalaf K, Almahmeed W, Hassan MH, Alsafar HS. Clinical and genetic associations of renal function and diabetic kidney disease in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020759. [PMID: 30552240 PMCID: PMC6303615 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Within the Emirati population, risk factors and genetic predisposition to diabetic kidney disease (DKD) have not yet been investigated. The aim of this research was to determine potential clinical, laboratory and reported genetic loci as risk factors for DKD. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Four hundred and ninety unrelated Emirati nationals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were recruited with and without DKD, and clinical and laboratory data were obtained. Following adjustments for possible confounders, a logistic regression model was developed to test the associations of 63 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 43 genetic loci with DKD (145 patients with DKD and 265 without DKD). Linear regression models, adjusted for age and gender, were then used to study the genetic associations of five renal function traits, including 83 SNPs with albumin-to-creatinine ratio, 92 SNPs with vitamin D (25-OH cholecalciferol), 288 SNPs with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), 363 SNPs with serum creatinine and 73 SNPs with blood urea. RESULTS Patients with DKD, as compared with those without the disease, were mostly men (52%vs38% for controls), older (67vs59 years) and had significant rates of hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Furthermore, patients with DKD had T2DM for a longer duration of time (16vs10 years), which in an additive manner was the single factor that significantly contributed to the development of DKD (p=0.02, OR=3.12, 95% CI 1.21 to 8.02). Among the replicated associations of the genetic loci with different renal function traits, the most notable included SHROOM3 with levels of serum creatinine, eGFR and DKD (Padjusted=0.04, OR=1.46); CASR, GC and CYP2R1 with vitamin D levels; as well as WDR72 with serum creatinine and eGFR levels. CONCLUSIONS Associations were found between several genetic loci and risk markers for DKD, which may influence kidney function traits and DKD in a population of Arab ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael M Osman
- Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Herbert F Jelinek
- School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Albury, New South Wales, Australia
- Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guan K Tay
- Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
- Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahsan H Khandoker
- Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kinda Khalaf
- Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wael Almahmeed
- Institute of Cardiac Science, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed H Hassan
- Medical Institute, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba S Alsafar
- Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Fathy SA, Mohamed MR, Ali MAM, El-Helaly AE, Alattar AT. Influence of IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α genetic variants on susceptibility to diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Biomarkers 2018; 24:43-55. [PMID: 30015512 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1501761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from previous studies on the role of inflammatory cytokines as biomarkers for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are contradictory. The association of a particular inflammatory cytokine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with susceptibility to DKD has not been consistently replicated. We aimed to investigate the utility of inflammatory cytokines as biomarkers for DKD in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Association of inflammatory cytokine gene SNPs with the development of DKD was also explored. SUBJECTS AND METHODS One hundred and fifty-nine Kuwaiti subjects were recruited in this study, including 50 T2DM patients without DKD, 67 diabetic DKD patients and 42 healthy subjects. Plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Nine SNPs, including 2 SNPs in IL-6, 3 SNPs in IL-10, 1 SNP in IFN-γ and 3 SNPs in TNF-α, were genotyped using TaqMan SNP genotyping assays. RESULTS Diabetic DKD patients showed higher IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α levels than those without DKD. Diabetic DKD patients had a significantly higher frequency of IL-10 - 1082 A allele than those without DKD (p = 0.001). No significant association of IL-6 - 174/-597 haplotypes with DKD risk was detected (p = 0.188). Distribution of IL-10 - 592/-819/-1082 haplotypes differ significantly between T2DM patients with/without DKD (p = 0.014). Diabetic DKD patients had a significantly lower frequency of IL-10 - 592C/-819C/-1082G haplotype than those without DKD (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Although inflammatory cytokine genotypes and, more importantly, haplotypes may have the potential to identify those patients at risk of DKD, hence, improving DKD predisposition prediction, further investigations regarding their real clinical significance is warranted in a large cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadia A Fathy
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Mohamed
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohamed A M Ali
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ashraf E El-Helaly
- b Medical Laboratories Department , Amiri Hospital , Kuwait city , Kuwait
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12
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Detection of carnosinase-1 in urine of healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes: correlation with albuminuria and renal function. Amino Acids 2018; 51:17-25. [PMID: 29961141 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Low serum carnosinase (CN-1) concentrations are associated with low risk for development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although CN-1 is expressed in the kidney, urinary CN-1 (CNU) excretion and its pathological relevance in patients with T2D have not been investigated to date. The present study therefore assessed the extent of CNU excretion in healthy subjects (n = 243) and in patients with T2D (n = 361) enrolled in the DIAbetes and LifEstyle Cohort Twente-1 (DIALECT-1) in relation to functional renal parameters. CNU was detected in a high proportion of healthy individuals, 180 (74%); median CNU excretion was 0.25 mg/24 h [(IQR 0-0.65 mg/24 h]. In patients with T2D the prevalence and extent of CNU increased in parallel with albuminuria (r = 0.59, p < 0.0001; median CNU 0.1 vs 0.2 vs 1.5 mg/24 h, p < 0.0001; prevalence of CNU 61 vs. 81 vs. 97% p < 0.05 in normo- (n = 241), micro- (n = 80) and macroalbuminuria (n = 40), respectively). Patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 displayed higher median CNU excretion rates in comparison to patients with preserved eGFR (> 90 ml/min/1.73 m2) (1.36 vs 0.13 mg/24 h, p < 0.05). Backward stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis revealed albuminuria, eGFR and glycosuria to be independent factors of CNU excretion rates, all together explaining 37% of variation of CNU excretion rates (R2 = 0.37, p < 0.0001). These results show for the first time that CN-1 can be detected in urine and warrants prospective studies to assess the relevance of CNU for renal function deterioration in diabetes patients.
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13
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Papadopoulou-Marketou N, Chrousos GP, Kanaka-Gantenbein C. Diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes: a review of early natural history, pathogenesis, and diagnosis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2017; 33. [PMID: 27457509 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy constitutes a devastating complication in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, and its diagnosis is traditionally based on microalbuminuria. The aim of this review is to update through the medical literature the suggested early natural course of diabetic nephropathy, the theories behind the pathways of its pathogenesis, and its diagnosis. Poor glycemic control, dyslipidemia, smoking, advanced glycation end products, and environmental and genetic clues play an important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Microalbuminuria has been traditionally considered as a primary early marker of microvascular complication unraveling the risk for progress to the advanced stages of chronic kidney disease, but because of our inability to make an early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy in young patients as well as nonalbuminuric diabetic nephropathy, recently, other additional markers of renal injury like serum and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, chitinase-3-like protein 1, cystatin C, and plasma growth differentiation factor 15 have been proposed to unmask early renal dysfunction, even before microalbuminuria supervenes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nektaria Papadopoulou-Marketou
- Diabetes Centre of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Endocrinology, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - George P Chrousos
- Diabetes Centre of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- Diabetes Centre of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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14
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Østergaard MV, Pinto V, Stevenson K, Worm J, Fink LN, Coward RJM. DBA2J db/db mice are susceptible to early albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis that correlate with systemic insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F312-F321. [PMID: 27852608 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00451.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of kidney failure in the world. To understand important mechanisms underlying this condition, and to develop new therapies, good animal models are required. In mouse models of type 1 diabetes, the DBA/2J strain has been shown to be more susceptible to develop kidney disease than other common strains. We hypothesized this would also be the case in type 2 diabetes. We studied db/db and wild-type (wt) DBA/2J mice and compared these with the db/db BLKS/J mouse, which is currently the most widely used type 2 DN model. Mice were analyzed from age 6 to 12 wk for systemic insulin resistance, albuminuria, and glomerular histopathological and ultrastructural changes. Body weight and nonfasted blood glucose were increased by 8 wk in both genders, while systemic insulin resistance commenced by 6 wk in female and 8 wk in male db/db DBA/2J mice. The urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) was closely linked to systemic insulin resistance in both sexes and was increased ~50-fold by 12 wk of age in the db/db DBA/2J cohort. Glomerulosclerosis, foot process effacement, and glomerular basement membrane thickening were observed at 12 wk of age in db/db DBA/2J mice. Compared with db/db BLKS/J mice, db/db DBA/2J mice had significantly increased levels of urinary ACR, but similar glomerular histopathological and ultrastructural changes. The db/db DBA/2J mouse is a robust model of early-stage albuminuric DN, and its levels of albuminuria correlate closely with systemic insulin resistance. This mouse model will be helpful in defining early mechanisms of DN and ultimately the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette V Østergaard
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark.,Bristol Renal, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; and
| | - Vanda Pinto
- Bristol Renal, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; and
| | - Kirsty Stevenson
- Department of Biochemistry, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jesper Worm
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Richard J M Coward
- Bristol Renal, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; and
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15
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Non-Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain 9 Gene (MYH9) Polymorphism (rs4821481) is Associated with Urinary Albumin Excretion in Iranian Diabetic Patients. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.40076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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16
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Mapping time-course mitochondrial adaptations in the kidney in experimental diabetes. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:711-20. [PMID: 26831938 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) drives ATP production by mitochondria, which are dynamic organelles, constantly fusing and dividing to maintain kidney homoeostasis. In diabetic kidney disease (DKD), mitochondria appear dysfunctional, but the temporal development of diabetes-induced adaptations in mitochondrial structure and bioenergetics have not been previously documented. In the present study, we map the changes in mitochondrial dynamics and function in rat kidney mitochondria at 4, 8, 16 and 32 weeks of diabetes. Our data reveal that changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics precede the development of albuminuria and renal histological changes. Specifically, in early diabetes (4 weeks), a decrease in ATP content and mitochondrial fragmentation within proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) of diabetic kidneys were clearly apparent, but no changes in urinary albumin excretion or glomerular morphology were evident at this time. By 8 weeks of diabetes, there was increased capacity for mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) by pore opening, which persisted over time and correlated with mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation and glomerular damage. Late in diabetes, by week 16, tubular damage was evident with increased urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) excretion, where an increase in the Complex I-linked oxygen consumption rate (OCR), in the context of a decrease in kidney ATP, indicated mitochondrial uncoupling. Taken together, these data show that changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics may precede the development of the renal lesion in diabetes, and this supports the hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction is a primary cause of DKD.
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17
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Zhou TB, Drummen GP, Jiang ZP, Li HY. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy susceptibility in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ren Fail 2015; 37:1247-59. [PMID: 26161693 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1064743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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18
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Cellular and molecular aspects of diabetic nephropathy; the role of VEGF-A. Nefrologia 2015; 35:131-8. [PMID: 26300505 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus increased during the last century and it is estimated that 45% of the patients are not diagnosed. In South America the prevalence of diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) increased, with a great disparity among the countries with respect to access to dialysis. In Ecuador it is one of the main causes of mortality, principally in the provinces located on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. The greatest single cause of beginning dialysis is diabetic nephropathy (DN). Even using the best therapeutic options for DN, the residual risk of proteinuria and of terminal CKD remains high. In this review we indicate the importance of the problem globally and in our region. We analyse relevant cellular and molecular studies that illustrate the crucial significance of glomerular events in DN development and evolution and in insulin resistance. We include basic anatomical, pathophysiological and clinical concepts, with special attention to the role of angiogenic factors such as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and their relationship to the insulin receptor, endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and angiopoietins. We also propose various pathways that have therapeutic potential in our opinion. Greater in-depth study of VEGF-A and angiopoietins, the state of glomerular VEGF resistance, the relationship of VEGF receptor 2/nephrin, VEGF/insulin receptors/nephrin and the relationship of VEGF/eNOS-NO at glomerular level could provide solutions to the pressing world problem of DN and generate new treatment alternatives.
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19
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Sortica DA, Buffon MP, Souza BM, Nicoletto BB, Santer A, Assmann TS, Crispim D, Canani LH. Association between the ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism and risk of diabetic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118416. [PMID: 25794151 PMCID: PMC4368055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential association between the K121Q (A/C, rs1044498) polymorphism in the ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (ENPP1) gene and risk of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has been investigated. Nevertheless, the effect of this variant on DKD risk is still under debate, and conflicting results have been reported. To this date, no meta-analysis has evaluated the association of the K121Q polymorphism with DKD. This paper describes the first meta-analysis conducted to evaluate whether the ENPP1K121Q polymorphism is associated with DKD. A literature search was conducted to identify all case-control or cross-sectional studies that evaluated associations between the ENPP1K121Q polymorphism and DKD. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for allele contrast, additive, dominant and recessive inheritance models. Seven studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis, providing data on 3571 type 1 or type 2 diabetic patients (1606 cases with DKD and 1965 diabetic controls without this complication). No significant heterogeneity was observed among the studies included in the meta-analysis when assuming different inheritance models (I² < 50% or P > 0.10 for the entire sample and after stratification by ethnicity). Meta-analysis results revealed significant associations between the K121Q polymorphism and risk of DKD in Asians and Europeans when assuming the different inheritance models analyzed. The most powerful association was observed for the additive model (OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.27-2.38 for the total sample). In conclusion, the present meta-analysis detected a significant association between the ENPP1K121Q polymorphism and increased susceptibility of DKD in European and Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Alves Sortica
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marjorie Piucco Buffon
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Marmontel Souza
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bellicanta Nicoletto
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andressa Santer
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tais Silveira Assmann
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Henrique Canani
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Grzegorzewska AE, Ostromecki G, Zielińska P, Mostowska A, Jagodziński PP. T-cell cytokine gene polymorphisms and vitamin D pathway gene polymorphisms in end-stage renal disease due to type 2 diabetes mellitus nephropathy: comparisons with health status and other main causes of end-stage renal disease. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:120317. [PMID: 25587543 PMCID: PMC4284966 DOI: 10.1155/2014/120317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-cell cytokine gene polymorphisms and vitamin D pathway gene polymorphisms were evaluated as possibly associated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) resulting from type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) nephropathy. METHODS Studies were conducted among hemodialysis (HD) patients with ESRD due to type 2 DM nephropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic infective tubulointerstitial nephritis, and hypertensive nephropathy as well as in healthy subjects. A frequency distribution of T-cell-related interleukin (IL) genes (IL18 rs360719, IL12A rs568408, IL12B rs3212227, IL4R rs1805015, IL13 rs20541, IL28B rs8099917, IL28B, and rs12979860) and vitamin D pathway genes (GC genes: rs2298849, rs7041, and rs1155563; VDR genes: rs2228570, rs1544410; and RXRA genes: rs10776909, rs10881578, and rs749759) was compared between groups. RESULTS No significant differences in a frequency distribution of tested polymorphisms were shown between type 2 DM nephropathy patients and controls. A difference was found in IL18 rs360719 polymorphic distribution between the former group and chronic infective tubulointerstitial nephritic patients (P trend = 0.033), which also differed in this polymorphism from controls (P trend = 0.005). CONCLUSION T-cell cytokine and vitamin D pathway gene polymorphisms are not associated with ESRD due to type 2 DM nephropathy in Polish HD patients. IL18 rs360719 is probably associated with the pathogenesis of chronic infective tubulointerstitial nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja E. Grzegorzewska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), 49 Przybyszewskiego Boulevard, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Ostromecki
- DaVita Clinic Piła Dialysis Center, Wojska Polskiego 43, 64-420 Piła, Poland
| | - Paulina Zielińska
- Student Nephrology Research Group, Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, PUMS, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Adrianna Mostowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PUMS, Święcickiego 6, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł P. Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PUMS, Święcickiego 6, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
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Bonomo JA, Guan M, Ng MCY, Palmer ND, Hicks PJ, Keaton JM, Lea JP, Langefeld CD, Freedman BI, Bowden DW. The ras responsive transcription factor RREB1 is a novel candidate gene for type 2 diabetes associated end-stage kidney disease. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6441-7. [PMID: 25027322 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial clustering and presumed genetic risk for type 2 diabetic (T2D) and non-diabetic end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) appear strong in African Americans. Examination of exome sequencing data in African American T2D-ESKD cases and non-diabetic non-nephropathy controls identified two low-frequency variants in the RREB1 gene, a repressor of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene previously associated with kidney function, as being associated with T2D-ESKD: rs9379084 (P = 0.00087, OR = 0.26; D1171N) and rs41302867 (P = 0.00078, OR = 0.21; splice site variant). Rs41302867 replicated association in an independent sample of African Americans with T2D-ESKD [rs41302867 P = 0.033 (OR = 0.50)], and a trend towards rs9379084 association was observed (P = 0.070). In European Americans with T2D-ESKD compared with European American population based controls, both RREB1 variants replicated association [rs9379084 P = 1.67 × 10(-4) (OR = 0.54) and rs41302867 P = 0.013 (OR = 0.69)]. Rs9379084 was not associated with non-T2D-ESKD or T2D in African Americans (P = 0.55 and P = 0.37, respectively), but was associated with T2D in European Americans (P = 0.014, OR = 0.65). In African Americans, rs41302867 was associated with non-T2D-ESKD [P = 0.036 (OR = 0.54)] and hypertension attributed ESKD [H-ESKD, P = 0.029 (OR = 0.50)]. A meta-analysis combining African American and European American T2D-ESKD data revealed P = 3.52 × 10(-7) and 3.70 × 10(-5) for rs9379084 and rs41302867 association, respectfully. A locus-wide analysis evaluating putatively functional SNPs revealed several nominal associations with T2D-ESKD, non-T2D-ESKD and T2D in African and European Americans. RREB1 is a large, complex gene which codes a multidomain zinc finger binding protein and transcription factor. We posit that variants in RREB1 modulate seemingly disparate phenotypes (i.e. T2D, T2D-ESKD and non-T2D-ESKD) through altered activity resulting from splice site and missense variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Bonomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Translational Science, Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research
| | - Meijian Guan
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research
| | - Maggie C Y Ng
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Department of Biochemistry
| | | | | | - Janice P Lea
- Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Department of Biostatistical Sciences
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA and
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Department of Biochemistry,
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22
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Kato N. Insights into the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2014; 4:233-44. [PMID: 24843659 PMCID: PMC4015657 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common complex diseases, of which considerable efforts have been made to unravel the pathophysiological mechanisms. Recently, large‐scale genome‐wide association (GWA) studies have successfully identified genetic loci robustly associated with type 2 diabetes by searching susceptibility variants across the entire genome in an unbiased, hypothesis‐free manner. The number of loci has climbed from just three in 2006 to approximately 70 today. For the common type 2 diabetes‐associated variants, three features have been noted. First, genetic impacts of individual variants are generally modest; mostly, allelic odds ratios range between 1.06 and 1.20. Second, most of the loci identified to date are not in or near obvious candidate genes, but some are often located in the intergenic regions. Third, although the number of loci is limited, there might be some population specificity in type 2 diabetes association. Although we can estimate a single or a few target genes for individual loci detected in GWA studies by referring to the data for experiments in vitro, biological function remains largely unknown for a substantial part of such target genes. Nevertheless, new biology is arising from GWA study discoveries; for example, genes implicated in β‐cell dysfunction are over‐represented within type 2 diabetes‐associated regions. Toward translational advances, we have just begun to face new challenges – elucidation of multifaceted (i.e., molecular, cellular and physiological) mechanistic insights into disease biology by considering interaction with the environment. The present review summarizes recent advances in the genetics of type 2 diabetes, together with its realistic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Kato
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Institute National Center for Global Health and Medicine Tokyo Japan
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23
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Bonomo JA, Ng MCY, Palmer ND, Keaton JM, Larsen CP, Hicks PJ, Langefeld CD, Freedman BI, Bowden DW. Coding variants in nephrin (NPHS1) and susceptibility to nephropathy in African Americans. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 9:1434-40. [PMID: 24948143 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.00290114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Presumed genetic risk for diabetic and nondiabetic end stage renal disease is strong in African Americans. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Exome sequencing data from African Americans with type 2 diabetic end stage renal disease and nondiabetic, non-nephropathy controls in the T2D-GENES study (Discovery, n=529 patients and n=535 controls) were evaluated, focusing on missense variants in NPHS1. Associated variants were then evaluated in independent type 2 diabetic end stage renal disease (Replication, n=1305 patients and n=760 controls), nondiabetic end stage renal disease (n=1705), and type 2 diabetes-only, non-nephropathy samples (n=503). All participants were recruited from dialysis facilities and internal medicine clinics across the southeastern United States from 1991 to present. Additional NPHS1 missense variants were identified from exome sequencing resources, genotyped, and sequence kernel association testing was then performed. RESULTS Initial analysis identified rs35238405 (T233A; minor allele frequency=0.0096) as associated with type 2 diabetic end stage renal disease (adjustment for admixture P=0.042; adjustment for admixture+APOL1 P=0.080; odds ratio, 2.89 and 2.36, respectively); with replication in independent type 2 diabetic end stage renal disease samples (P=0.018; odds ratio, 4.30) and nondiabetic end stage renal disease samples (P=0.016; odds ratio, 4.48). In a combined analysis (all patients with end stage renal disease versus all controls), T233A was associated with all-cause end stage renal disease (P=0.0038; odds ratio, 2.82; n=3270 patients and n=1187 controls). A P-value of <0.001 was obtained after adjustment for admixture and APOL1 in sequence kernel association testing. Two additional variants (H800R and Y1174H) were nominally associated with protection from end stage renal disease (P=0.036; odds ratio, 0.44; P=0.0084; odds ratio, 0.040, respectively) in the locus-wide single-variant association tests. CONCLUSIONS Coding variants in NPHS1 are associated with both risk for and protection from common forms of nephropathy in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Bonomo
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Translational Science, Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | - Maggie C Y Ng
- Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Biochemistry
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Biochemistry
| | - Jacob M Keaton
- Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | | | - Pamela J Hicks
- Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | | | - Carl D Langefeld
- Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Biostatistical Sciences, and
| | | | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Biochemistry,
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Evaluation of candidate nephropathy susceptibility genes in a genome-wide association study of African American diabetic kidney disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88273. [PMID: 24551085 PMCID: PMC3923777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is a complex disorder resulting from the combined influence of genetic and environmental factors. This study contains a comprehensive genetic analysis of putative nephropathy loci in 965 African American (AA) cases with T2D-ESKD and 1029 AA population-based controls extending prior findings. Analysis was based on 4,341 directly genotyped and imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 22 nephropathy candidate genes. After admixture adjustment and correction for multiple comparisons, 37 SNPs across eight loci were significantly associated (1.6E-05<Pemp<0.049). Among these, variants in MYH9 were the most significant (1.6E-05<Pemp<0.049), followed by additional chromosome 22 loci (APOL1, SFI1, and LIMK2). Nominal signals were observed in AGTR1, RPS12, CHN2 and CNDP1. Additional adjustment for APOL1 G1/G2 risk variants attenuated association at MYH9 (Pemp = 0.00026–0.043) while marginally improving significance of other APOL1 SNPs (rs136161, rs713753, and rs767855; Pemp = 0.0060–0.037); association at other loci was markedly reduced except for CHN2 (chimerin; rs17157914, Pemp = 0.029). In addition, SNPs in other candidate loci (FRMD3 and TRPC6) trended toward association with T2D-ESKD (Pemp<0.05). These results suggest that risk contributed by putative nephropathy genes is shared across populations of African and European ancestry.
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Atzler D, Schwedhelm E, Zeller T. Integrated genomics and metabolomics in nephrology. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 29:1467-74. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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26
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Gardet A, Zheng TS, Viney JL. Genetic architecture of human fibrotic diseases: disease risk and disease progression. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:159. [PMID: 24391588 PMCID: PMC3866586 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies of human diseases have identified multiple genetic risk loci for various fibrotic diseases. This has provided insights into the myriad of biological pathways potentially involved in disease pathogenesis. These discoveries suggest that alterations in immune responses, barrier function, metabolism and telomerase activity may be implicated in the genetic risks for fibrotic diseases. In addition to genetic disease-risks, the identification of genetic disease-modifiers associated with disease complications, severity or prognosis provides crucial insights into the biological processes implicated in disease progression. Understanding the biological processes driving disease progression may be critical to delineate more effective strategies for therapeutic interventions. This review provides an overview of current knowledge and gaps regarding genetic disease-risks and genetic disease-modifiers in human fibrotic diseases.
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Susceptibility gene search for nephropathy and related traits in Mexican-Americans. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5769-79. [PMID: 24057238 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2680-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The rising global epidemic of diabetic nephropathy (DN) will likely lead to increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality posing a serious burden for public health care. Despite greater understanding of the etiology of diabetes and the development of novel treatment strategies to control blood glucose levels, the prevalence and incidence rate of DN is increasing especially in minority populations including Mexican-Americans. Mexican-Americans with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are three times more likely to develop microalbuminuria, and four times more likely to develop clinical proteinuria compared to non-Hispanic whites. Furthermore, Mexican-Americans have a sixfold increased risk of developing renal failure secondary to T2DM compared to Caucasians. Prevention and better treatment of DN should be a high priority for both health-care organizations and society at large. Pathogenesis of DN is multi-factorial. Familial clustering of DN-related traits in MAs show that DN and related traits are heritable and that genes play a susceptibility role. While, there has been some progress in identifying genes which when mutated influence an individual's risk, major gene(s) responsible for DN are yet to be identified. Knowledge of the genetic causes of DN is essential for elucidation of its mechanisms, and for adequate classification, prognosis, and treatment. Self-identification and collaboration among researchers with suitable genomic and clinical data for meta-analyses in Mexican-Americans is critical for progress in replicating/identifying DN risk genes in this population. This paper reviews the approaches and recent efforts made to identify genetic variants contributing to risk for DN and related phenotypes in the Mexican-American population.
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Al Safar HS, Cordell HJ, Jafer O, Anderson D, Jamieson SE, Fakiola M, Khazanehdari K, Tay GK, Blackwell JM. A genome-wide search for type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes in an extended Arab family. Ann Hum Genet 2013; 77:488-503. [PMID: 23937595 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Twenty percent of people aged 20 to 79 have type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify genes for T2D have not been reported for Arab countries. We performed a discovery GWAS in an extended UAE family (N=178; 66 diabetic; 112 healthy) genotyped on the Illumina Human 660 Quad Beadchip, with independent replication of top hits in 116 cases and 199 controls. Power to achieve genome-wide significance (commonly P=5×10(-8)) was therefore limited. Nevertheless, transmission disequilibrium testing in FBAT identified top hits at Chromosome 4p12-p13 (KCTD8: rs4407541, P=9.70×10(-6); GABRB1: rs10517178/rs1372491, P=4.19×10(-6)) and 14q13 (PRKD1: rs10144903, 3.92×10(-6)), supported by analysis using a linear mixed model approximation in GenABEL (4p12-p13 GABRG1/GABRA2: rs7662743, Padj-agesex=2.06×10(-5); KCTD8: rs4407541, Padj-agesex=1.42×10(-4); GABRB1: rs10517178/rs1372491, Padj-agesex=0.027; 14q13 PRKD1: rs10144903, Padj-agesex=6.95×10(-5)). SNPs across GABRG1/GABRA2 did not replicate, whereas more proximal SNPs rs7679715 (Padj-agesex=0.030) and rs2055942 (Padj-agesex=0.022) at COX7B2/GABRA4 did, in addition to a trend distally at KCTD8 (rs4695718: Padj-agesex=0.096). Modelling of discovery and replication data support independent signals at GABRA4 (rs2055942: Padj-agesex-combined=3×10(-4)) and at KCTD8 (rs4695718: Padj-agesex-combined=2×10(-4)). Replication was observed for PRKD1 rs1953722 (proxy for rs10144903; Padj-agesex=0.031; Padj-agesex-combined=2×10(-4)). These genes may provide important functional leads in understanding disease pathogenesis in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiba S Al Safar
- Centre for Forensic Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western, Australia; Khalifa University of Science, Technology & Research, Biomedical Department, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Zhou TB, Xu HL, Yin SS. Association between Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Glu298Asp Gene Polymorphism and Diabetic Nephropathy Susceptibility. Ren Fail 2012; 35:173-8. [PMID: 23113598 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2012.734939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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