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Chia SPS, Pang JKS, Soh BS. Current RNA strategies in treating cardiovascular diseases. Mol Ther 2024; 32:580-608. [PMID: 38291757 PMCID: PMC10928165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to impose a significant global health burden, necessitating the exploration of innovative treatment strategies. Ribonucleic acid (RNA)-based therapeutics have emerged as a promising avenue to address the complex molecular mechanisms underlying CVD pathogenesis. We present a comprehensive review of the current state of RNA therapeutics in the context of CVD, focusing on the diverse modalities that bring about transient or permanent modifications by targeting the different stages of the molecular biology central dogma. Considering the immense potential of RNA therapeutics, we have identified common gene targets that could serve as potential interventions for prevalent Mendelian CVD caused by single gene mutations, as well as acquired CVDs developed over time due to various factors. These gene targets offer opportunities to develop RNA-based treatments tailored to specific genetic and molecular pathways, presenting a novel and precise approach to address the complex pathogenesis of both types of cardiovascular conditions. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with delivery strategies to achieve targeted delivery of RNA therapeutics to the cardiovascular system. This review highlights the immense potential of RNA-based interventions as a novel and precise approach to combat CVD, paving the way for future advancements in cardiovascular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Pei Shan Chia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Kah Sheng Pang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Boon-Seng Soh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore.
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2
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Berkman AM, Andersen CR, Landstrom AP, Hildebrandt MAT, Gilchrist SC, Roth ME. Cardiovascular Disease in Childhood, Adolescent, and Young Adult Cancer Survivors: The Impact of Family History of Premature Heart Disease. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38261412 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2023.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Childhood, adolescent, and young adult (CAYA) cancer survivors (age 0-39 years at diagnosis) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Family history of early heart disease increases the risk of CVD in the general population; however, it is unknown whether this association is seen in CAYA cancer survivors. Methods: Self-report data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2018) were used to identify CAYA survivors (>5 years post-diagnosis). The risk of CVD based on family history status (parent or sibling with a diagnosis of heart attack or angina before age 50 years), personal sociodemographic factors, personal medical history factors, and personal behavioral risk factors was determined using logistic regression models. Results: Included were 95 CAYA survivors with CVD and 491 CAYA survivors without CVD. The odds of CVD were significantly higher in survivors with a first-degree family history of early heart disease (odds ratio [OR]: 2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-3.74). A history of diabetes (OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.41-4.84), hypertension (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.04-3.16), and any smoking (OR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.19-4.02) was also associated with higher odds of CVD in CAYA survivors. Reporting any physical activity in the past month was associated with lower odds (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.30-0.97) of CVD. Conclusions: Family history of early heart disease was associated with increased odds of CVD in CAYA cancer survivors. Obtaining complete and accurate family history information is important both at time of diagnosis and throughout follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Berkman
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Clark R Andersen
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew P Landstrom
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michelle A T Hildebrandt
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Susan C Gilchrist
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention and Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael E Roth
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Masenga SK, Kirabo A. Hypertensive heart disease: risk factors, complications and mechanisms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1205475. [PMID: 37342440 PMCID: PMC10277698 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1205475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive heart disease constitutes functional and structural dysfunction and pathogenesis occurring primarily in the left ventricle, the left atrium and the coronary arteries due to chronic uncontrolled hypertension. Hypertensive heart disease is underreported and the mechanisms underlying its correlates and complications are not well elaborated. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of hypertensive heart disease, we discuss in detail the mechanisms associated with development and complications of hypertensive heart disease especially left ventricular hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, heart failure and coronary artery disease. We also briefly highlight the role of dietary salt, immunity and genetic predisposition in hypertensive heart disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepiso K. Masenga
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Cam-Pus, Livingstone, Zambia
- School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN, United States
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Armstrong ND, Srinivasasainagendra V, Chekka LMS, Nguyen NHK, Nahid NA, Jones AC, Tanner RM, Hidalgo BA, Limdi NA, Claas SA, Gong Y, McDonough CW, Cooper-DeHoff RM, Johnson JA, Tiwari HK, Arnett DK, Irvin MR. Genetic Contributors of Efficacy and Adverse Metabolic Effects of Chlorthalidone in African Americans from the Genetics of Hypertension Associated Treatments (GenHAT) Study. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071260. [PMID: 35886043 PMCID: PMC9319619 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease mortality. African Americans (AAs) have the highest prevalence of hypertension in the United States, and to alleviate the burden of hypertension in this population, better control of blood pressure (BP) is needed. Previous studies have shown considerable interpersonal differences in BP response to antihypertensive treatment, suggesting a genetic component. Utilizing data from 4297 AA participants randomized to chlorthalidone from the Genetics of Hypertension Associated Treatments (GenHAT) study, we aimed to identify variants associated with the efficacy of chlorthalidone. An additional aim was to find variants that contributed to changes in fasting glucose (FG) in these individuals. We performed genome-wide association analyses on the change of systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) over six months and FG levels over 24 months of treatment. We sought replication in the International Consortia of Pharmacogenomics Studies. We identified eight variants statistically associated with BP response and nine variants associated with FG response. One suggestive LINC02211-CDH9 intergenic variant was marginally replicated with the same direction of effect. Given the impact of hypertension in AAs, this study implies that understanding the genetic background for BP control and glucose changes during chlorthalidone treatment may help prevent adverse cardiovascular events in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | - Lakshmi Manasa S Chekka
- Division of Applied Regulatory Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA
| | - Nam H K Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Noor A Nahid
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Alana C Jones
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rikki M Tanner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Bertha A Hidalgo
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Nita A Limdi
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Steven A Claas
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Caitrin W McDonough
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Rhonda M Cooper-DeHoff
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Julie A Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Hemant K Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
- Deans Office, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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5
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Wang Z, Xue R, Lv M, Qi Y, Yu W, Xie Z, Chen W, Wang X, Tian X, Han B. Stepwise tracking strategy to screen ingredient from Galla Chinensis based on the "mass spectrometry guided preparative chromatography coupled with systems pharmacology". JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114533. [PMID: 34728319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Galla chinensis, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, was widely used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC) in folk prescriptions, however, its active ingredients and mechanism of action in the treatment of UC remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of our study was to discover the lead compounds and anti-inflammatory active ingredients of Galla chinensis and clarify their molecular mechanism for UC treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ingredients of Galla chinensis were prepared by column and mass spectrometry guided preparative chromatography. Besides, the relationship among the ingredients of Galla chinensis and targets was predicted by systems pharmacology. Additionally, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages were used as in vitro model. The cell viability, the level of the pro-inflammatory factors, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and trans epithelial electric resistance (TEER) values were detected to screen out the active ingredients of Galla chinensis. Moreover, 4% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis mice were used as the UC animal model. The disease activity index (DAI), pathological degree of colon tissue, activities of antioxidant-related enzymes and expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokines were performed to assess the anti-UC effects of the active ingredients. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression level of inflammatory factors and antioxidant related genes were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). And the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway related proteins, intestinal mucosal proteins and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway related proteins in colon tissues were analyzed by Western Blotting. RESULTS Herein, a stepwise tracking strategy was adopted to screen out the anti-inflammatory active ingredients of Galla Chinensis based on "preparative chromatography pharmacology combined with mass spectrometry guidance and system". 11 categories of ingredients of Galla chinensis were prepared and ethyl gallate (EG) was screened out the lead compound and anti-inflammatory active ingredient of Galla Chinensis through in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies. In addition, EG had a significant therapeutic effect on ameliorating DSS-induced UC mice and protected intestinal mucosal integrity through Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Ethyl gallate was the lead compound and anti-inflammatory active ingredient in Galla chinensis. And it was discovered for the first time that EG could treat mice with ulcerative colitis. This research not only found the lead compound of Galla Chinensis for UC treatment and determined the possible mechanism, but also provided valuable references for finding lead compounds from natural products by systems pharmacology coupled with equivalent components group technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongying Wang
- School of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Rui Xue
- School of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Mengying Lv
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Yunyun Qi
- Pharmacy Department, Karamay Central Hospital of Xinjiang, Karamay, 834000, PR China
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shen Zhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Wen Chen
- School of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Xinjun Wang
- Sinopharm XinJiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Urumqi, 830000, PR China
| | - Xing Tian
- School of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Bo Han
- School of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China; Sinopharm XinJiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Urumqi, 830000, PR China.
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6
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Gordon HP, Katz MG, Fazal S, Gillespie VL, Fargnoli AS, Gubara SM, Madjarova SJ, Cohen JA. Inflammatory Responses with Left Ventricular Compromise after Induction of Myocardial Infarcts in Sheep (Ovis aries). Comp Med 2021; 71:240-246. [PMID: 34082856 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-21-000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic myocardial disease is a major cause of death among humans worldwide; it results in scarring and pallor of the myocardium and triggers an inflammatory response that contributes to impaired left ventricular function. This response includes and is evidenced by the production of several inflammatory cytokines including TNFα, IL1β, IL4, IFNγ, IL10 and IL6. In the current study, myocardial infarcts were induced in 6 mo old male castrated sheep by ligation of the left circumflex obtuse marginal arteries (OM 1 and 2). MRI was used to measure parameters of left ventricular function that include EDV, ESV, EF, SVI, dp/dt max and dp/dt min at baseline and at 4 wk and 3 mo after infarct induction. We also measured serum concentrations of an array of cytokines. Postmortem histologic findings corroborate the existence of left ventricular myocardial injury and deterioration. Our data show a correlation between serum cytokine concentrations and the development of myocardial damage and left ventricular functional compromise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hylton P Gordon
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York;,
| | - Michael G Katz
- Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Shahood Fazal
- Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Virginia L Gillespie
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Anthony S Fargnoli
- Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Sarah M Gubara
- Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Sophia J Madjarova
- Department of Biology, Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan A Cohen
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
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7
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Simões SC, Balico-Silva AL, Parreiras-E-Silva LT, Bitencourt ALB, Bouvier M, Costa-Neto CM. Signal Transduction Profiling of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor With Mutations Associated to Atrial Fibrillation in Humans. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:600132. [PMID: 33424609 PMCID: PMC7786401 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.600132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The AT1 receptor (AT1R) has a major role in the Renin-Angiotensin System, being involved in several physiological events including blood pressure control and electrolyte balance. The AT1R is a member of the G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) family, classically known to couple Gαq and engage β-arrestin recruitment. Both G protein and arrestin signaling pathways are involved in modulation of different downstream kinases. A previous study reported that mutations in the AT1R (A244S and I103T-A244S) were positively correlated with higher risk of atrial fibrillation in men. Based on that report, we aimed to investigate if these mutations, including I103T only, could affect AT1R signal transduction profile, and consequently, implicate in atrial fibrillation outcome. To address that, we engineered an AT1R carrying the above-mentioned mutations, and functionally evaluated different signaling pathways. Phosphokinase profiler array to assess the mutations downstream effects on kinases and kinase substrates phosphorylation levels was used. Our results show that the I103T-A244S mutant receptor presents decreased β-arrestin 2 recruitment, which could lead to a harmful condition of sustained Gαq signaling. Moreover, the phosphokinase profiler array revealed that the same mutation led to downstream modulation of kinase pathways that are linked to physiological responses such as fibrous tissue formation, apoptosis and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Simões
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - André L Balico-Silva
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Lucas T Parreiras-E-Silva
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - André L B Bitencourt
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudio M Costa-Neto
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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8
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Jiang N, Lee S, Park T. Hierarchical structural component model for pathway analysis of common variants. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:26. [PMID: 32093692 PMCID: PMC7038534 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been widely used to identify phenotype-related genetic variants using many statistical methods, such as logistic and linear regression. However, GWAS-identified SNPs, as identified with stringent statistical significance, explain just a small portion of the overall estimated genetic heritability. To address this 'missing heritability' issue, gene- and pathway-based analysis, and biological mechanisms, have been used for many GWAS studies. However, many of these methods often neglect the correlation between genes and between pathways. METHODS We constructed a hierarchical component model that considers correlations both between genes and between pathways. Based on this model, we propose a novel pathway analysis method for GWAS datasets, Hierarchical structural Component Model for Pathway analysis of Common vAriants (HisCoM-PCA). HisCoM-PCA first summarizes the common variants of each gene, first at the gene-level, and then analyzes all pathways simultaneously by ridge-type penalization of both the gene and pathway effects on the phenotype. Statistical significance of the gene and pathway coefficients can be examined by permutation tests. RESULTS Using the simulation data set of Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 (GAW17), for both binary and continuous phenotypes, we showed that HisCoM-PCA well-controlled type I error, and had a higher empirical power compared to several other methods. In addition, we applied our method to a SNP chip dataset of KARE for four human physiologic traits: (1) type 2 diabetes; (2) hypertension; (3) systolic blood pressure; and (4) diastolic blood pressure. Those results showed that HisCoM-PCA could successfully identify signal pathways with superior statistical and biological significance. CONCLUSIONS Our approach has the advantage of providing an intuitive biological interpretation for associations between common variants and phenotypes, via pathway information, potentially addressing the missing heritability conundrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Sungyoung Lee
- Center for Precision Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Taesung Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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9
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Taub M. Gene Level Regulation of Na,K-ATPase in the Renal Proximal Tubule Is Controlled by Two Independent but Interacting Regulatory Mechanisms Involving Salt Inducible Kinase 1 and CREB-Regulated Transcriptional Coactivators. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2086. [PMID: 30021947 PMCID: PMC6073390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years, studies concerning the regulation of Na,K-ATPase were restricted to acute regulatory mechanisms, which affected the phosphorylation of Na,K-ATPase, and thus its retention on the plasma membrane. However, in recent years, this focus has changed. Na,K-ATPase has been established as a signal transducer, which becomes part of a signaling complex as a consequence of ouabain binding. Na,K-ATPase within this signaling complex is localized in caveolae, where Na,K-ATPase has also been observed to regulate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor (IP3R)-mediated calcium release. This latter association has been implicated as playing a role in signaling by G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). Here, the consequences of signaling by renal effectors that act via such GPCRs are reviewed, including their regulatory effects on Na,K-ATPase gene expression in the renal proximal tubule (RPT). Two major types of gene regulation entail signaling by Salt Inducible Kinase 1 (SIK1). On one hand, SIK1 acts so as to block signaling via cAMP Response Element (CRE) Binding Protein (CREB) Regulated Transcriptional Coactivators (CRTCs) and on the other hand, SIK1 acts so as to stimulate signaling via the Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (MEF2)/nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) regulated genes. Ultimate consequences of these pathways include regulatory effects which alter the rate of transcription of the Na,K-ATPase β1 subunit gene atp1b1 by CREB, as well as by MEF2/NFAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Taub
- Biochemistry Dept., Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 955 Main Street, Suite 4902, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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10
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Bardsley EN, Davis H, Ajijola OA, Buckler KJ, Ardell JL, Shivkumar K, Paterson DJ. RNA Sequencing Reveals Novel Transcripts from Sympathetic Stellate Ganglia During Cardiac Sympathetic Hyperactivity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8633. [PMID: 29872217 PMCID: PMC5988725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26651-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent age-related illness worldwide, causing approximately 15 million deaths every year. Hypertension is central in determining cardiovascular risk and is a strong predictive indicator of morbidity and mortality; however, there remains an unmet clinical need for disease-modifying and prophylactic interventions. Enhanced sympathetic activity is a well-established contributor to the pathophysiology of hypertension, however the cellular and molecular changes that increase sympathetic neurotransmission are not known. The aim of this study was to identify key changes in the transcriptome in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. We validated 15 of our top-scoring genes using qRT-PCR, and network and enrichment analyses suggest that glutamatergic signalling plays a key role in modulating Ca2+ balance within these ganglia. Additionally, phosphodiesterase activity was found to be altered in stellates obtained from the hypertensive rat, suggesting that impaired cyclic nucleotide signalling may contribute to disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis and sympathetic hyperactivity in hypertension. We have also confirmed the presence of these transcripts in human donor stellate samples, suggesting that key genes coupled to neurotransmission are conserved. The data described here may provide novel targets for future interventions aimed at treating sympathetic hyperactivity associated with cardiovascular disease and other dysautonomias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma N Bardsley
- Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
| | - Harvey Davis
- Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Olujimi A Ajijola
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Keith J Buckler
- Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Jeffrey L Ardell
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kalyanam Shivkumar
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David J Paterson
- Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
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11
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An C, Liang J, Zhang K, Su X. Genetic variants of SLC12A3 modulate serum lipid profiles in a group of Mongolian pedigree population. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:83. [PMID: 29661184 PMCID: PMC5902855 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The serum lipid profile, including LDL-C level, is associated with hypertension which is the major cause of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) amounting 30% of global death rate. Previous work also demonstrated important roles of genetic variants of SLC12A3 gene on human CVD, hypertension and other diseases in Mongolian population. However, the relationship between SLC12A3 gene polymorphisms on individuals’ lipid profile is still unknown. Methods A panel of 15 SNPs of SLC12A3 gene was genotyped within a 424 Mongolians pedigree cohort. The associations between SLC12A3 polymorphisms and four lipid profiles were analyzed by family-based association test (FBAT) and confirmed with haplotype analysis. Results From both single site and haplotype analyses, the results demonstrated a close relationship between SLC12A3 polymorphisms and LDL-C level. Two SNPs, rs5803 and rs711746 showed significant associations with individuals’ serum LDL-C level (z = − 2.08, P-e = 0.038; z = 2.09, P-e = 0.023, respectively), and distribution of haplotypes constructed by two SNPs also associated with participants’ serum LDL-C level, significantly (Global Chi2 = 9.06 df = 3, P = 0.028). Conclusion Our results demonstrated the importance of SLC12A3 polymorphisms in individuals’ difference about their serum lipid profiles, thereby providing evidence that the genetic variants may contribute to CVD development via modulating person’s LDL-C level and blood pressure, in certain contexts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-018-0737-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyan An
- Clinical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Junqing Liang
- Department of Galactophore, Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Kejin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Institute of Population and Health, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiulan Su
- Clinical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Adeoye AM, Ovbiagele B, Kolo P, Appiah L, Aje A, Adebayo O, Sarfo F, Akinyemi J, Adekunle G, Agyekum F, Shidali V, Ogah O, Lackland D, Gebregziabher M, Arnett D, Tiwari HK, Akinyemi R, Olagoke OO, Oguntade AS, Olunuga T, Uwanruochi K, Jenkins C, Adadey P, Iheonye H, Owolabi L, Obiako R, Akinjopo S, Armstrong K, Akpalu A, Fakunle A, Saulson R, Aridegbe M, Olowoyo P, Osaigbovo G, Akpalu J, Fawale B, Adebayo P, Arulogun O, Ibinaiye P, Agunloye A, Ishaq N, Wahab K, Akpa O, Adeleye O, Bock-Oruma A, Ogbole G, Melikam S, Yaria J, Ogunjimi L, Salaam A, Sunmonu T, Makanjuola A, Farombi T, Laryea R, Uvere E, Kehinde S, Chukwuonye I, Azuh P, Komolafe M, Akintunde A, Obiabo O, Areo O, Kehinde I, Amusa AG, Owolabi M. Exploring Overlaps Between the Genomic and Environmental Determinants of LVH and Stroke: A Multicenter Study in West Africa. Glob Heart 2017; 12:107-113.e5. [PMID: 28302552 DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is determined by similar genomic and environmental risk factors with stroke, or is simply an intermediate stroke marker, is unknown. OBJECTIVES We present a research plan and preliminary findings to explore the overlap in the genomic and environmental determinants of LVH and stroke among Africans participating in the SIREN (Stroke Investigative Research and Education Network) study. METHODS SIREN is a transnational, multicenter study involving acute stroke patients and age-, ethnicity-, and sex-matched control subjects recruited from 9 sites in Ghana and Nigeria. Genomic and environmental risk factors and other relevant phenotypes for stroke and LVH are being collected and compared using standard techniques. RESULTS This preliminary analysis included only 725 stroke patients (mean age 59.1 ± 13.2 years; 54.3% male). Fifty-five percent of the stroke subjects had LVH with greater proportion among women (51.6% vs. 48.4%; p < 0.001). Those with LVH were younger (57.9 ± 12.8 vs. 60.6 ± 13.4; p = 0.006) and had higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure (167.1/99.5 mm Hg vs 151.7/90.6 mm Hg; p < 0.001). Uncontrolled blood pressure at presentation was prevalent in subjects with LVH (76.2% vs. 57.7%; p < 0.001). Significant independent predictors of LVH were age <45 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14 to 3.19), female sex (AOR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.44 to 2.81), and diastolic blood pressure > 90 mm Hg (AOR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.39 to 3.19; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of LVH was high among stroke patients especially the younger ones, suggesting a genetic component to LVH. Hypertension was a major modifiable risk factor for stroke as well as LVH. It is envisaged that the SIREN project will elucidate polygenic overlap (if present) between LVH and stroke among Africans, thereby defining the role of LVH as a putative intermediate cardiovascular phenotype and therapeutic target to inform interventions to reduce stroke risk in populations of African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip Kolo
- University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Fred Sarfo
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan Lackland
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Raelle Saulson
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Paul Olowoyo
- Federal University Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Bimbo Fawale
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Philip Adebayo
- Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Omisore Adeleye
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruth Laryea
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Olugbo Obiabo
- Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Ogara, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun Areo
- Federal University Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria
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Abstract
Prostate cancer rates vary substantially by race, ethnicity, and geography. These disparities can be explained by variation in access to screening and treatment, variation in exposure to prostate cancer risk factors, and variation in the underlying biology of prostate carcinogenesis (including genomic propensity of some groups to develop biologically aggressive disease). It is clear that access to screening and access to treatment are critical influencing factors of prostate cancer rates; yet, even among geographically diverse populations with similar access to care (eg, low- and medium-income countries), African descent men have higher prostate cancer rates and poorer prognosis. To date, the proportion of prostate cancer that can be explained by environmental exposures is small, and the effect of these factors across different racial, ethnic, or geographical populations is poorly understood. In contrast, prostate cancer has one of the highest heritabilities of all major cancers. Numerous genetic susceptibility markers have been identified from family-based studies, candidate gene association studies, and genome-wide association studies. Some prostate cancer loci, including the risk loci found at chromosome 8q24, have consistent effects in all groups studied to date. However, replication of many susceptibility loci across race, ethnicity, and geography remains limited, and additional studies in certain populations (particularly in men of African descent) are needed to better understand the underlying genetic basis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Rebbeck
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
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14
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Tan DSW, Mok TSK, Rebbeck TR. Cancer Genomics: Diversity and Disparity Across Ethnicity and Geography. J Clin Oncol 2015; 34:91-101. [PMID: 26578615 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.62.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethnic and geographic differences in cancer incidence, prognosis, and treatment outcomes can be attributed to diversity in the inherited (germline) and somatic genome. Although international large-scale sequencing efforts are beginning to unravel the genomic underpinnings of cancer traits, much remains to be known about the underlying mechanisms and determinants of genomic diversity. Carcinogenesis is a dynamic, complex phenomenon representing the interplay between genetic and environmental factors that results in divergent phenotypes across ethnicities and geography. For example, compared with whites, there is a higher incidence of prostate cancer among Africans and African Americans, and the disease is generally more aggressive and fatal. Genome-wide association studies have identified germline susceptibility loci that may account for differences between the African and non-African patients, but the lack of availability of appropriate cohorts for replication studies and the incomplete understanding of genomic architecture across populations pose major limitations. We further discuss the transformative potential of routine diagnostic evaluation for actionable somatic alterations, using lung cancer as an example, highlighting implications of population disparities, current hurdles in implementation, and the far-reaching potential of clinical genomics in enhancing cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. As we enter the era of precision cancer medicine, a concerted multinational effort is key to addressing population and genomic diversity as well as overcoming barriers and geographical disparities in research and health care delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S W Tan
- Daniel S.W. Tan, National Cancer Centre Singapore and Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Tony S.K. Mok, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sir Y. K. Pau Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Southern China, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China; and Timothy R. Rebbeck, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tony S K Mok
- Daniel S.W. Tan, National Cancer Centre Singapore and Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Tony S.K. Mok, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sir Y. K. Pau Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Southern China, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China; and Timothy R. Rebbeck, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Daniel S.W. Tan, National Cancer Centre Singapore and Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Tony S.K. Mok, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sir Y. K. Pau Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Southern China, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China; and Timothy R. Rebbeck, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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16
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Cabrera CP, Ng FL, Warren HR, Barnes MR, Munroe PB, Caulfield MJ. Exploring hypertension genome-wide association studies findings and impact on pathophysiology, pathways, and pharmacogenetics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 7:73-90. [DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia P Cabrera
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
| | - Fu Liang Ng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
| | - Helen R Warren
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
| | - Michael R Barnes
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
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17
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Abstract
Heart failure explains a large portion of heart diseases. Molecular mechanisms determining cardiac function, by inference dysfunction in heart failure, are incompletely understood, especially in the common (or congestive) systolic (SHF) and diastolic heart failure (DHF). Limited genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in humans are reported on SHF and no GWAS has been performed on DHF. Genetic analyses in a rodent model of true DHF, Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats, have begun to unravel the genetic components determining diastolic function. Diastolic dysfunction of DSS rats can be ameliorated or even normalized by distinct quantitative trait loci (QTLs), designated as diastolic function/blood pressure QTLs (DF/BP QTLs), which also affect blood pressure (BP). However, an improvement in diastolic dysfunction is merely transitory from a single DF/BP QTL, despite a permanent lowering of BP. A long-term protection against diastolic dysfunction can be realized only through combining specific DF/BP QTLs. Moreover, the worsening diastolic dysfunction with age can also be reversed in a different combination of DF/BP QTLs. Thus, distinct genes in combinations must be involved in the physiological mechanisms ameliorating or reversing diastolic dysfunction. As not all the QTLs that influence BP can affect diastolic function, it is not BP reduction itself that restores diastolic function, but rather specific genes that are uniquely integrated into the pathways of blood pressure homeostasis as well as diastolic function. Thus, the elucidation of pathophysiological mechanisms causal to hypertensive diastolic dysfunction will not only provide new diagnostic tools, but also novel therapeutic targets and strategies in reducing, curing, and even reversing DHF.
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18
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Kulminski AM. Unraveling genetic origin of aging-related traits: evolving concepts. Rejuvenation Res 2014; 16:304-12. [PMID: 23768105 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2013.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovering the genetic origin of aging-related traits could greatly advance strategies aiming to extend health span. The results of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) addressing this problem are controversial, and new genetic concepts have been fostered to advance the progress in the field. A limitation of GWAS and new genetic concepts is that they do not thoroughly address specifics of aging-related traits. Integration of theoretical concepts in genetics and aging research with empirical evidence from different disciplines highlights the conceptual problems in studies of genetic origin of aging-related traits. To address these problems, novel approaches of systemic nature are required. These approaches should adopt the non-deterministic nature of linkage of genes with aging-related traits and, consequently, reinforce research strategies for improving our understanding of mechanisms shaping genetic effects on these traits. Investigation of mechanisms will help determine conditions that activate specific genetic variants or profiles and explore to what extent these conditions that shape genetic effects are conserved across human lives and generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Kulminski
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
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19
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Profato J, Gordon ES, Dixon S, Kwan A. Assessing the integration of genomic medicine in genetic counseling training programs. J Genet Couns 2014; 23:679-88. [PMID: 24399091 DOI: 10.1007/s10897-013-9677-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Medical genetics has entered a period of transition from genetics to genomics. Genetic counselors (GCs) may take on roles in the clinical implementation of genomics. This study explores the perspectives of program directors (PDs) on including genomic medicine in GC training programs, as well as the status of this integration. Study methods included an online survey, an optional one-on-one telephone interview, and an optional curricula content analysis. The majority of respondents (15/16) reported that it is important to include genomic medicine in program curricula. Most topics of genomic medicine are either "currently taught" or "under development" in all participating programs. Interview data from five PDs and one faculty member supported the survey data. Integrating genomics in training programs is challenging, and it is essential to develop genomics resources for curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Profato
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler St., Unit 1354, Houston, TX, 77030, USA,
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20
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Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Batty GD, Kivimäki M, Kengne AP. Risk models to predict hypertension: a systematic review. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67370. [PMID: 23861760 PMCID: PMC3702558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As well as being a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, hypertension is also a health condition in its own right. Risk prediction models may be of value in identifying those individuals at risk of developing hypertension who are likely to benefit most from interventions. Methods and Findings To synthesize existing evidence on the performance of these models, we searched MEDLINE and EMBASE; examined bibliographies of retrieved articles; contacted experts in the field; and searched our own files. Dual review of identified studies was conducted. Included studies had to report on the development, validation, or impact analysis of a hypertension risk prediction model. For each publication, information was extracted on study design and characteristics, predictors, model discrimination, calibration and reclassification ability, validation and impact analysis. Eleven studies reporting on 15 different hypertension prediction risk models were identified. Age, sex, body mass index, diabetes status, and blood pressure variables were the most common predictor variables included in models. Most risk models had acceptable-to-good discriminatory ability (C-statistic>0.70) in the derivation sample. Calibration was less commonly assessed, but overall acceptable. Two hypertension risk models, the Framingham and Hopkins, have been externally validated, displaying acceptable-to-good discrimination, and C-statistic ranging from 0.71 to 0.81. Lack of individual-level data precluded analyses of the risk models in subgroups. Conclusions The discrimination ability of existing hypertension risk prediction tools is acceptable, but the impact of using these tools on prescriptions and outcomes of hypertension prevention is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - G. David Batty
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andre P. Kengne
- South African Medical Research Council and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Kulminski AM, Culminskaya I. Genomics of human health and aging. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:455-469. [PMID: 22174011 PMCID: PMC3592948 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite notable progress of the candidate-gene and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), understanding the role of genes contributing to human health and lifespan is still very limited. We use the Framingham Heart Study to elucidate if recognizing the role of evolution and systemic processes in an aging organism could advance such studies. We combine throughput methods of GWAS with more detail methods typical for candidate-gene analyses and show that both lifespan and ages at onset of CVD and cancer can be controlled by the same allelic variants. The risk allele carriers are at highly significant risk of premature death (e.g., RR=2.9, p=5.0 × 10(-66)), onset of CVD (e.g., RR=1.6, p=4.6 × 10(-17)), and onset of cancer (e.g., RR=1.6, p=1.5 × 10(-6)). The mechanism mediating the revealed genetic associations is likely associated with biological aging. These aging-related phenotypes are associated with a complex network which includes, in this study, 62 correlated SNPs even so these SNPs can be on non-homologous chromosomes. A striking result is three-fold, highly significant (p=3.6 × 10(-10)) enrichment of non-synonymous SNPs (N=27) in this network compared to the entire qualified set of the studied SNPs. Functional significance of this network is strengthened by involvement of genes for these SNPs in fundamental biological processes related to aging (e.g., response to stimuli, protein degradation, apoptosis) and by connections of these genes with neurological (20 genes) and cardio-vascular (nine genes) processes and tumorigenesis (10 genes). These results document challenging role of gene networks in regulating human health and aging and call for broadening focus on genomics of such phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Kulminski
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Duke University, Box 90408, Trent Hall, Room 002, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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22
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Graff M, North K, Franceschini N, Reiner A, Feitosa M, Carr J, Gordon-Larsen P, Wojczynski MK, Borecki I. PNPLA3 gene-by-visceral adipose tissue volume interaction and the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease: the NHLBI family heart study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 37:432-8. [PMID: 22546774 PMCID: PMC3410967 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2012.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty liver disease (FLD) is characterized by increased intrahepatic triglyceride content with or without inflammation and is associated with obesity, and features of the metabolic syndrome. Several recent genome-wide association studies have reported an association between single-nucleotide polymorphism rs738409 in the (patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3) PNPLA3 gene and FLD. Liver attenuation (LA; hounsfield units, HU) by computed tomography is a non-invasive measure of liver fat, with lower values of HU indicating higher liver fat content. Clinically, a LA value of 40 HU indicates moderate-to-severe hepatic steatosis. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether missense rs738409 PNPLA3 interacted with abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume (cm) to reduce LA (that is, increased liver fat) in 1019 European American men and 1238 European American women from the Family Heart Study. METHODS We used linear regression to test the additive effect of genotype, abdominal VAT, and their multiplicative interaction on LA adjusted for age, body mass index, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, insulin resistance, serum triglycerides, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and alcohol intake. RESULTS In men and women combined, the interaction between each copy of the rs738409 variant allele (minor allele frequency 0.23) and 100 cm/150 mm slice VAT decreased LA by 2.68±0.35 HU (P<0.01). The interaction of 100 cm VAT and the variant allele was associated with a greater decrease in LA in women than men (-4.8±0.6 and -2.2±0.5 HU, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The interaction between genotype and VAT volume suggest key differences in the role of PNPLA3 genotype in conjunction with abdominal VAT in liver fat accrual. The stronger association of the PNPLA3 genotype and liver fat in women suggests that women may be more sensitive to liver fat accumulation in the setting of increased visceral fat, compared with men. The presence of the PNPLA3 variant genotype, particularly in the context of high VAT content may have an important role in FLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Graff
- Dept of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - K.E. North
- Dept of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - N. Franceschini
- Dept of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - A.P. Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - M. Feitosa
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - J.J. Carr
- University Health Sciences Image Lab, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - P. Gordon-Larsen
- Dept of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - M. K. Wojczynski
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - I.B. Borecki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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Tao W, Xu X, Wang X, Li B, Wang Y, Li Y, Yang L. Network pharmacology-based prediction of the active ingredients and potential targets of Chinese herbal Radix Curcumae formula for application to cardiovascular disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 145:1-10. [PMID: 23142198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVD), an abnormal function of the heart, brain or blood vessels, are the biggest cause of deaths worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) holds a great promise for preventing such diseases in an integrative and holistic way. However, its systems-level characterization of drug-target associations is still unknown. METHODS Here, we have constructed a computational approach by combining chemical predictors based on chemical structure, chemogenomics data linking compounds with pharmacological information, and a system biology functional data analysis and network reconstruction method. RESULTS The pharmacological system generated 58 bioactive ingredients from the Chinese herbal Radix Curcumae formula, and predicted 32 potential targets related to the CCVD. The results indicates that Radix Curcumae share the most common targets with Fructus Gardeniae (15), while less common targets with Moschus and Borneolum (8 and 1, respectively). Further integrated network shows that Radix Curcumae represents the principal component for the prevention of CCVD, and other three medicines serve as adjuvant ones to assist the effects of the principal component, which together probably display synergistic actions. CONCLUSIONS Our work successfully explains the mechanism of efficiency of Radix Curcumae formula for the prevention of CCVD, and meanwhile, predicts the potential targets of the Chinese medicines, which facilitates to elucidate the compatible mechanism of the complex prescription, i.e., "jun-chen-zuo-shi", and provides basis for an alternative approach to investigate novel TCM formula on the network pharmacology level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Tao
- Center of Bioinformatics, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Gene panels to help identify subgroups at high and low risk of coronary heart disease among those randomized to antihypertensive treatment: the GenHAT study. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2012; 22:355-66. [PMID: 22388798 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e3283516ff8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify panels of genetic variants that predict treatment-related coronary heart disease (CHD) outcomes in hypertensive patients on one of four different classes of initial antihypertensive treatment. The goal was to identify subgroups of individuals on the basis of their genetic profile who benefit most from a particular treatment. METHODS Candidate genetic variants (n=78) were genotyped in 39 114 participants from Genetics of Hypertension Associated Treatment study, ancillary to Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial. Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial randomized hypertensive participants (≥55 years) to one of four treatments (amlodipine, chlorthalidone, doxazosin, lisinopril). The primary outcome was fatal CHD or nonfatal myocardial infarction (mean follow-up=4.9 years). A pharmacogenetic panel was derived within each of the four treatment groups. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves estimated the discrimination rate between those with and without a CHD event, on the basis of the addition of the genetic panel risk score. RESULTS For each treatment group, we identified a panel of genetic variants that collectively improved the prediction of CHD to a small but statistically significant extent. Chlorthalidone (A): NOS3 rs3918226; SELE rs5361; ICAM1 rs1799969; AGT rs5051; GNAS rs7121; ROC comparison, P=0.004; Amlodipine (B): MMP1 rs1799750; Factor5 (F5) rs6025; NPPA rs5065; PDE4D rs6450512; MMP9 rs2274756; ROC comparison, P=0.006; Lisinopril (C): AGT rs5051; PON1 rs705379; MMP12 rs652438; F12 rs1801020; GP1BA rs6065; PDE4D rs27653; ROC comparison, P=0.01; Doxazosin (D): F2 rs1799963; PAI1 rs1799768; MMP7 rs11568818; AGT rs5051; ACE rs4343; MMP2 rs243865; ROC comparison, P=0.007. Each panel was tested for a pharmacogenetic effect; panels A, B, and D showed such evidence (P=0.009, 0.006, and 0.001, respectively) and panel C did not (P=0.09). CONCLUSION Because each panel was associated with CHD in a specific treatment group but not the others, this research provides evidence that it may be possible to use gene panel scores as a tool to better assess antihypertensive treatment choices to reduce CHD risk in hypertensive individuals.
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Kraja AT, Lawson HA, Arnett DK, Borecki IB, Broeckel U, de las Fuentes L, Hunt SC, Province MA, Cheverud J, Rao D. Obesity-insulin targeted genes in the 3p26-25 region in human studies and LG/J and SM/J mice. Metabolism 2012; 61:1129-41. [PMID: 22386932 PMCID: PMC3586585 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Identifying metabolic syndrome (MetS) genes is important for novel drug development and health care. This study extends the findings on human chromosome 3p26-25 for an identified obesity-insulin factor QTL, with an LOD score above 3. A focused association analysis comprising up to 9578 African American and Caucasian subjects from the HyperGEN Network (908 African Americans and 1025 whites), the Family Heart Study (3035 whites in time 1 and 1943 in time 2), and the Framingham Heart Study (1317 in Offspring and 1320 in Generation 3) was performed. The homologous mouse region was explored in an F(16) generation of an advanced intercross between the LG/J and SM/J inbred strains, in an experiment where 1002 animals were fed low-fat (247 males; 254 females) or high-fat (253 males; 248 females) diets. Association results in humans indicate pleiotropic effects for SNPs within or surrounding CNTN4 on obesity, lipids and blood pressure traits and for SNPs near IL5RA, TRNT1, CRBN, and LRRN1 on central obesity and blood pressure. Linkage analyses of this region in LG/J×SM/J mice identify a highly significant pleiotropic QTL peak for insulin and glucose levels, as well as response to glucose challenge. The mouse results show that insulin and glucose levels interact with high and low fat diets and differential gene expression was identified for Crbn and Arl8b. In humans, ARL8B resides ~137kbps away from BHLHE40, expression of which shows up-regulation in response to insulin treatment. This focused human genetic analysis, incorporating mouse research evidenced that 3p26-25 has important genetic contributions to MetS components. Several of the candidate genes have functions in the brain. Their interaction with MetS and the brain warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldi T. Kraja
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Corresponding authors. Aldi Kraja, is to be contacted at Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA. Heather Lawson, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Heather A. Lawson
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Corresponding authors. Aldi Kraja, is to be contacted at Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA. Heather Lawson, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Donna K. Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ingrid B. Borecki
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ulrich Broeckel
- Individualized Medicine Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI 53226, USA
| | - Lisa de las Fuentes
- Cardiovascular Division Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Imaging and Clinical Research Core Laboratory, Washington University School of Medicine 63110, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven C. Hunt
- Cardiovascular Genetics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael A. Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James Cheverud
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - D.C. Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine 63110, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Polimanti R, Piacentini S, Lazzarin N, Re MA, Manfellotto D, Fuciarelli M. Lack of Association Between Essential Hypertension and GSTO1 Uncommon Genetic Variants in Italian Patients. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 16:615-20. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2011.0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Polimanti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” Rome, Italy
- Clinical Pathophysiology Center, AFaR, “San Giovanni Calibita” Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” Rome, Italy
| | - Natalia Lazzarin
- Clinical Pathophysiology Center, AFaR, “San Giovanni Calibita” Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Re
- Clinical Pathophysiology Center, AFaR, “San Giovanni Calibita” Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Manfellotto
- Clinical Pathophysiology Center, AFaR, “San Giovanni Calibita” Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Fuciarelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” Rome, Italy
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