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Yeater T, Zubcevic J, Allen K. Measures of cardiovascular function suggest autonomic nervous system dysregulation after surgical induction of joint injury in the male Lewis rat. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:586-595. [PMID: 35017058 PMCID: PMC9255271 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Functional changes in the autonomic nervous system may help explain variability in the progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate autonomic nervous system shifts, measured via heart rate response variables, in rat knee joint injury and OA models. METHODS Cardiovascular characteristics were measured at baseline and bi-weekly for 8 weeks after skin incision, medial collateral ligament transection (MCLT), or MCLT+medial meniscus transection (MCLT+MMT). Heart rate was also assessed during a mild stressor (elevated maze). At endpoint, cardiovascular responses to mechanical knee stimuli were evaluated, as well as responses to 1-phenylbiguanide, a 5HT3A receptor agonist with reported ability to stimulate vagal responses. RESULTS During low activity, a slower heart rate occurred in MCLT (299 ± 10 bpm) and MCLT+MMT (310 ± 10 bpm) animals compared to controls (325 ± 10 bpm). Furthermore, patellar ligament mechanical stimuli produced an immediate decrease in heart rate and blood pressure in all groups. Finally, a larger drop in heart rate was observed in MCLT (252 ± 40 bpm) and MCLT+MMT (263 ± 49 bpm) following administration of 1-phenylbiguanide compared to skin incision (168 ± 45 bpm). CONCLUSIONS Acute mechanical stimulation of the patellar ligament produced drops in heart rate, suggesting a possible joint-brain connection that modulates autonomic responses. With both joint injury, cardiac vagal activation was altered in response to pharmacological stimulation, with chronic longitudinal heart rate reduction. These data provide some preliminary evidence of potential functional shifts in autonomic nervous system function in models of joint injury and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.D. Yeater
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - J. Zubcevic
- Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - K.D. Allen
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: K.D. Allen, J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. Tel: (352)-273-9337. , (K.D. Allen)
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Schloss MJ, Hulsmans M, Rohde D, Lee IH, Severe N, Foy BH, Pulous FE, Zhang S, Kokkaliaris KD, Frodermann V, Courties G, Yang C, Iwamoto Y, Knudsen AS, McAlpine CS, Yamazoe M, Schmidt SP, Wojtkiewicz GR, Masson GS, Gustafsson K, Capen D, Brown D, Higgins JM, Scadden DT, Libby P, Swirski FK, Naxerova K, Nahrendorf M. B lymphocyte-derived acetylcholine limits steady-state and emergency hematopoiesis. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:605-618. [PMID: 35352063 PMCID: PMC8989652 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autonomic nerves control organ function through the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, which have opposite effects. In the bone marrow, sympathetic (adrenergic) nerves promote hematopoiesis; however, how parasympathetic (cholinergic) signals modulate hematopoiesis is unclear. Here, we show that B lymphocytes are an important source of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, which reduced hematopoiesis. Single-cell RNA sequencing identified nine clusters of cells that expressed the cholinergic α7 nicotinic receptor (Chrna7) in the bone marrow stem cell niche, including endothelial and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Deletion of B cell-derived acetylcholine resulted in the differential expression of various genes, including Cxcl12 in leptin receptor+ (LepR+) stromal cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of acetylcholine signaling increased the systemic supply of inflammatory myeloid cells in mice and humans with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian J Schloss
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maarten Hulsmans
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Rohde
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I-Hsiu Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas Severe
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brody H Foy
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fadi E Pulous
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konstantinos D Kokkaliaris
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanessa Frodermann
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel Courties
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chongbo Yang
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anders Steen Knudsen
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cameron S McAlpine
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Masahiro Yamazoe
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen P Schmidt
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory R Wojtkiewicz
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gustavo Santos Masson
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karin Gustafsson
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Diane Capen
- Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis Brown
- Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Higgins
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David T Scadden
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kamila Naxerova
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Gokula V, Terrero D, Joe B. Six Decades of History of Hypertension Research at the University of Toledo: Highlighting Pioneering Contributions in Biochemistry, Genetics, and Host-Microbiota Interactions. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022; 24:669-685. [PMID: 36301488 PMCID: PMC9708772 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The study aims to capture the history and lineage of hypertension researchers from the University of Toledo in Ohio and showcase their collective scientific contributions dating from their initial discoveries of the physiology of adrenal and renal systems and genetics regulating blood pressure (BP) to its more contemporary contributions including microbiota and metabolomic links to BP regulation. RECENT FINDINGS The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences (UTCOMLS), previously known as the Medical College of Ohio, has contributed significantly to our understanding of the etiology of hypertension. Two of the scientists, Patrick Mulrow and John Rapp from UTCOMLS, have been recognized with the highest honor, the Excellence in Hypertension award from the American Heart Association for their pioneering work on the physiology and genetics of hypertension, respectively. More recently, Bina Joe has continued their legacy in the basic sciences by uncovering previously unknown novel links between microbiota and metabolites to the etiology of hypertension, work that has been recognized by the American Heart Association with multiple awards. On the clinical research front, Christopher Cooper and colleagues lead the CORAL trials and contributed importantly to the investigations on renal artery stenosis treatment paradigms. Hypertension research at this institution has not only provided these pioneering insights, but also grown careers of scientists as leaders in academia as University Presidents and Deans of Medical Schools. Through the last decade, the university has expanded its commitment to Hypertension research as evident through the development of the Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine led by Bina Joe as its founding Director. Hypertension being the top risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which is the leading cause of human mortality, is an important area of research in multiple international universities. The UTCOMLS is one such university which, for the last 6 decades, has made significant contributions to our current understanding of hypertension. This review is a synthesis of this rich history. Additionally, it also serves as a collection of audio archives by more recent faculty who are also prominent leaders in the field of hypertension research, including John Rapp, Bina Joe, and Christopher Cooper, which are cataloged at Interviews .
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Affiliation(s)
- Veda Gokula
- grid.267337.40000 0001 2184 944XCenter for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Building, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614-2598 USA
| | - David Terrero
- grid.267337.40000 0001 2184 944XDepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH USA
| | - Bina Joe
- grid.267337.40000 0001 2184 944XCenter for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Building, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614-2598 USA
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Cerebral Organoids Derived from a Parkinson's Patient Exhibit Unique Pathogenesis from Chikungunya Virus Infection When Compared to a Non-Parkinson's Patient. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070913. [PMID: 34358063 PMCID: PMC8308834 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Arboviruses of medical and veterinary significance have been identified on all seven continents, with every human and animal population at risk for exposure. Like arboviruses, chronic neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, are found wherever there are humans. Significant differences in baseline gene and protein expression have been determined between human-induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from non-Parkinson’s disease individuals and from individuals with Parkinson’s disease. It was hypothesized that these inherent differences could impact cerebral organoid responses to viral infection. (2) Methods: In this study, cerebral organoids from a non-Parkinson’s and Parkinson’s patient were infected with Chikungunya virus and observed for two weeks. (3) Results: Parkinson’s organoids lost mass and exhibited a differential antiviral response different from non-Parkinson’s organoids. Neurotransmission data from both infected non-Parkinson’s and Parkinson’s organoids had dysregulation of IL-1, IL-10, and IL-6. These cytokines are associated with mood and could be contributing to persistent depression seen in patients following CHIKV infection. Both organoid types had increased expression of CXCL10, which is linked to demyelination. (4) Conclusions: The differential antiviral response of Parkinson’s organoids compared with non-Parkinson’s organoids highlights the need for more research in neurotropic infections in a neurologically compromised host.
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5
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Fadini GP, Mehta A, Dhindsa DS, Bonora BM, Sreejit G, Nagareddy P, Quyyumi AA. Circulating stem cells and cardiovascular outcomes: from basic science to the clinic. Eur Heart J 2020; 41:4271-4282. [PMID: 31891403 PMCID: PMC7825095 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular and haematopoietic systems have fundamental inter-relationships during development, as well as in health and disease of the adult organism. Although haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge from a specialized haemogenic endothelium in the embryo, persistence of haemangioblasts in adulthood is debated. Rather, the vast majority of circulating stem cells (CSCs) is composed of bone marrow-derived HSCs and the downstream haematopoietic stem/progenitors (HSPCs). A fraction of these cells, known as endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), has endothelial specification and vascular tropism. In general, the levels of HSCs, HSPCs, and EPCs are considered indicative of the endogenous regenerative capacity of the organism as a whole and, particularly, of the cardiovascular system. In the last two decades, the research on CSCs has focused on their physiologic role in tissue/organ homoeostasis, their potential application in cell therapies, and their use as clinical biomarkers. In this review, we provide background information on the biology of CSCs and discuss in detail the clinical implications of changing CSC levels in patients with cardiovascular risk factors or established cardiovascular disease. Of particular interest is the mounting evidence available in the literature on the close relationships between reduced levels of CSCs and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in different cohorts of patients. We also discuss potential mechanisms that explain this association. Beyond CSCs' ability to participate in cardiovascular repair, levels of CSCs need to be interpreted in the context of the broader connections between haematopoiesis and cardiovascular function, including the role of clonal haematopoiesis and inflammatory myelopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Paolo Fadini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Anurag Mehta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Devinder Singh Dhindsa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Gopalkrishna Sreejit
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Prabhakara Nagareddy
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Arshed Ali Quyyumi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Ferrario CM, Ahmad S, Groban L. Twenty years of progress in angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and its link to SARS-CoV-2 disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:2645-2664. [PMID: 33063823 PMCID: PMC9055624 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The virulence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the aggressive nature of the disease has transformed the universal pace of research in the desperate attempt to seek effective therapies to halt the morbidity and mortality of this pandemic. The rapid sequencing of the SARS-CoV-2 virus facilitated identification of the receptor for angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the high affinity binding site that allows virus endocytosis. Parallel evidence that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease evolution shows greater lethality in patients with antecedent cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or even obesity questioned the potential unfavorable contribution of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor blockers as facilitators of adverse outcomes due to the ability of these therapies to augment the transcription of Ace2 with consequent increase in protein formation and enzymatic activity. We review, here, the specific studies that support a role of these agents in altering the expression and activity of ACE2 and underscore that the robustness of the experimental data is associated with weak clinical long-term studies of the existence of a similar regulation of tissue or plasma ACE2 in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Ferrario
- Departments of Surgery and Physiology-Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, U.S.A
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, U.S.A
| | - Leanne Groban
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, U.S.A
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Al-Sharea A, Lee MKS, Purton LE, Hawkins ED, Murphy AJ. The haematopoietic stem cell niche: a new player in cardiovascular disease? Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:277-291. [PMID: 30590405 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Haematopoiesis, the process of blood production, can be altered during the initiation or progression of many diseases. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been shown to be heavily influenced by changes to the haematopoietic system, including the types and abundance of immune cells produced. It is now well established that innate immune cells are increased in people with CVD, and the mechanisms contributing to this can be vastly different depending on the risk factors or comorbidities present. Many of these changes begin at the level of the haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that reside in the bone marrow (BM). In general, the HSPCs and downstream myeloid progenitors are expanded via increased proliferation in the setting of atherosclerotic CVD. However, HSPCs can also be encouraged to leave the BM and colonise extramedullary sites (i.e. the spleen). Within the BM, HSPCs reside in specialized microenvironments, often referred to as a niche. To date in depth studies assessing the damage or dysregulation that occurs in the BM niche in varying CVDs are scarce. In this review, we provide a general overview of the complex components and interactions within the BM niche and how they influence the function of HSPCs. Additionally, we discuss the main findings regarding changes in the HSPC niche that influence the progression of CVD. We hypothesize that understanding the influence of the BM niche in CVD will aid in delineating new pathways for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annas Al-Sharea
- Division of Immunometabolism, Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Man Kit Sam Lee
- Division of Immunometabolism, Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Edwin D Hawkins
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Division of Immunometabolism, Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Assersen KB, Sumners C, Steckelings UM. The Renin-Angiotensin System in Hypertension, a Constantly Renewing Classic: Focus on the Angiotensin AT 2-Receptor. Can J Cardiol 2020; 36:683-693. [PMID: 32389341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is common knowledge that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), in particular angiotensin II acting through the angiotensin AT1-receptor (AT1R), is pivotal for the regulation of blood pressure (BP) and extracellular volume. More recent findings have revealed that the RAS is far more complex than initially thought and that it harbours additional mediators and receptors, which are able to counteract and thereby fine-tune AT1R-mediated actions. This review will focus on the angiotensin AT2-receptor (AT2R), which is one of the "counter-regulatory" receptors within the RAS. It will review and discuss data related to the role of the AT2R in regulation of BP and focus on the following 3 questions: Do peripheral AT2R have an impact on BP regulation, and, if so, does this effect become apparent only under certain conditions? Are central nervous system AT2R involved in regulation of BP, and, if so, which brain areas are involved and what are the mechanisms? Does dysfunction of AT2R contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension in preeclampsia?
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper B Assersen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Colin Sumners
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - U Muscha Steckelings
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Abstract
Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and for events such as myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure and chronic kidney disease and is a major determinant of disability-adjusted life-years. Despite the importance of hypertension, the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, which involves the complex interaction of several mechanisms, is still poorly understood. Evidence suggests that interplay between bone marrow, microglia and immune mediators underlies the development of arterial hypertension, in particular through mechanisms involving cytokines and peptides, such as neuropeptide Y, substance P, angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7). Chronic psychological stress also seems to have a role in increasing the risk of hypertension, probably through the activation of neuroimmune pathways. In this Review, we summarize the available data on the possible role of neuroimmune crosstalk in the origin and maintenance of arterial hypertension and discuss the implications of this crosstalk for recovery and rehabilitation after cardiac and cerebral injuries.
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Ciftciler R, Haznedaroglu IC. Pathobiological Interactions of Local Bone Marrow Renin-Angiotensin System and Central Nervous System in Systemic Arterial Hypertension. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:425. [PMID: 32903745 PMCID: PMC7438890 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and local paracrin-autocrin-intracrin tissue-based RAS participate in numerous pathobiological events. Pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrotic, and pro-thrombotic consequences associated with local RAS activation have been detected at cellular and molecular level. Regenerative progenitor cell therapy in response to RAS modulating pharmacotherapy has emerged as an adjunct in the context of endothelial cell injury and regeneration to improve regeneration of the vascular endothelium. Local hematopoietic bone marrow (BM) RAS symbolizes the place of cross-interaction between vascular biology and cellular events from embryogenesis to definitive hematopoiesis underlying vascular atherosclerosis. The BM microenvironment also contains Mas receptors, which control the proliferative role of Ang 1-7 on hematopoietic stem cells. Ang 1-7 is produced from Ang-II or Ang-I with the help of ACE2. Various tissues and organs also have an effect on the RAS system. The leukocytes contain and synthesize immunoreactive angiotensinogen species capable of producing angiotensin in the basal state or after incubation with renin. The significance of RAS employment in atherosclerosis and hypertension was indicated by novel bidirectional Central Nervous System (CNS) RAS-BM RAS communications. Myeloid cells generated within the context of hematopoietic BM RAS are considered as the initiators and decision shapers in atherosclerosis. Macrophages in the atherosclerotic lesions contain angiotensin peptides by which RAS blockers inhibit monocyte activation and adherence. Furthermore, vascular biology in relation to inflammation and neoplasia is also affected by local tissue RAS. The purpose of this article is to outline interactions of circulating and local angiotensin systems, especially local bone marrow RAS, in the vascular pathobiological microenvironment of CNS.
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Sumners C, Alleyne A, Rodríguez V, Pioquinto DJ, Ludin JA, Kar S, Winder Z, Ortiz Y, Liu M, Krause EG, de Kloet AD. Brain angiotensin type-1 and type-2 receptors: cellular locations under normal and hypertensive conditions. Hypertens Res 2019; 43:281-295. [PMID: 31853042 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Brain angiotensin-II (Ang-II) type-1 receptors (AT1Rs), which exert profound effects on normal cardiovascular, fluid, and metabolic homeostasis, are overactivated in and contribute to chronic sympathoexcitation and hypertension. Accumulating evidence indicates that the activation of Ang-II type-2 receptors (AT2Rs) in the brain exerts effects that are opposite to those of AT1Rs, lowering blood pressure, and reducing hypertension. Thus, it would be interesting to understand the relative cellular localization of AT1R and AT2R in the brain under normal conditions and whether this localization changes during hypertension. Here, we developed a novel AT1aR-tdTomato reporter mouse strain in which the location of brain AT1aR was largely consistent with that determined in the previous studies. This AT1aR-tdTomato reporter mouse strain was crossed with our previously described AT2R-eGFP reporter mouse strain to yield a novel dual AT1aR/AT2R reporter mouse strain, which allowed us to determine that AT1aR and AT2R are primarily localized to different populations of neurons in brain regions controlling cardiovascular, fluid, and metabolic homeostasis. Using the individual AT1aR-tdTomato reporter mice, we also demonstrated that during hypertension induced by the administration of deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt, there was no shift in the expression of AT1aR from neurons to microglia or astrocytes in the paraventricular nucleus, a brain area important for sympathetic regulation. Using AT2R-eGFP reporter mice under similar hypertensive conditions, we demonstrated that the same was true of AT2R expression in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), an area critical for baroreflex control. Collectively, these findings provided a novel means to assess the colocalization of AT1R and AT2R in the brain and a novel view of their cellular localization in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Sumners
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Amy Alleyne
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Vermalí Rodríguez
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - David J Pioquinto
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jacob A Ludin
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Shormista Kar
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Zachary Winder
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Yuma Ortiz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Eric G Krause
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Annette D de Kloet
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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12
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Yamashita T, Ahmad S, Wright KN, Roberts DJ, VonCannon JL, Wang H, Groban L, Dell'Italia LJ, Ferrario CM. Noncanonical Mechanisms for Direct Bone Marrow Generating Ang II (Angiotensin II) Predominate in CD68 Positive Myeloid Lineage Cells. Hypertension 2019; 75:500-509. [PMID: 31813348 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) Ang II (angiotensin II) is a major participant in the regulation of hematopoiesis and immunity. The novel tissue substrate Ang-(1-12) [angiotensin-(1-12)] and its cleaving enzyme chymase are an essential source of Ang II production in cardiac tissue. We hypothesized this noncanonical chymase-mediated Ang II-producing mechanism exists in the BM tissue. Immunohistostaining and flow cytometry confirmed the presence of Ang-(1-12) immunoreaction in the BM of SD (Sprague Dawley) rats. Chymase-mediated Ang II-producing activity in BM was ≈1000-fold higher than ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme)-mediated Ang II-producing activity (4531±137 and 4.2±0.3 fmol/min per mg, respectively; n=6; P<0.001) and 280-fold higher than chymase activity in the left ventricle of 16.3±1.7 fmol/min per mg (P<0.001). Adding a selective chymase inhibitor, TEI-F00806, eliminated almost all 125I-Ang II production. Flow cytometry demonstrated that delta median fluorescence intensity of chymase in cluster of differentiation 68 positive cells was significantly higher than that in cluster of differentiation 68 negative cells (1546±157 and 222±48 arbitrary units, respectively; P=0.0021). Cluster of differentiation 68 positive and side scatter low subsets, considered to be myeloid progenitors, express the highest chymase fluorescence intensity in rat BM. Chymase activity and cellular expression was similar in both male and female rats. In conclusion, myeloid lineage cells, especially myeloid progenitors, have an extraordinary Ang II-producing activity by chymase in the BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Yamashita
- From the Department of Surgery (T.Y., S.A., K.N.W., D.J.R., J.L.V., C.M.F.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmad
- From the Department of Surgery (T.Y., S.A., K.N.W., D.J.R., J.L.V., C.M.F.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Kendra N Wright
- From the Department of Surgery (T.Y., S.A., K.N.W., D.J.R., J.L.V., C.M.F.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Drew J Roberts
- From the Department of Surgery (T.Y., S.A., K.N.W., D.J.R., J.L.V., C.M.F.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Jessica L VonCannon
- From the Department of Surgery (T.Y., S.A., K.N.W., D.J.R., J.L.V., C.M.F.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology (H.W., L.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.,Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine; (H.W., L.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Leanne Groban
- Department of Anesthesiology (H.W., L.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.,Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine; (H.W., L.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Louis J Dell'Italia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.J.D.)
| | - Carlos M Ferrario
- From the Department of Surgery (T.Y., S.A., K.N.W., D.J.R., J.L.V., C.M.F.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.,Department of Physiology-Pharmacology (C.M.F.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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13
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Carnagarin R, Matthews V, Zaldivia MTK, Peter K, Schlaich MP. The bidirectional interaction between the sympathetic nervous system and immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1839-1852. [PMID: 30129037 PMCID: PMC6534787 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, evidence has accumulated to suggest that hypertension is, at least in part, an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder. Many links between immunity and hypertension have been established and provide a complex framework of mechanistic interactions contributing to the rise in BP. These include immune-mediated inflammatory processes affecting regulatory brain nuclei and interactions with other mediators of cardiovascular regulation such as the sympathetic nervous system. Sympathoexcitation differentially regulates T-cells based upon activation status of the immune cell as well as the resident organ. Exogenous and endogenous triggers activate signalling pathways in innate and adaptive immune cells resulting in pro-inflammatory cytokine production and activation of T-lymphocytes in the cardiovascular and renal regions, now considered major factors in the development of essential hypertension. The inflammatory cascade is sustained and exacerbated by the immune flow via the brain-bone marrow-spleen-gastrointestinal axis and thereby further aggravating immune-mediated pathways resulting in a vicious cycle of established hypertension and target organ damage. This review summarizes the evidence and recent advances in linking immune-mediated inflammation, sympathetic activation and their bidirectional interactions with the development of hypertension. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Immune Targets in Hypertension. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Carnagarin
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine – Royal Perth Hospital UnitThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Vance Matthews
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine – Royal Perth Hospital UnitThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Maria T K Zaldivia
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular BiologyBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVicAustralia
- Department of MedicineMonash University, Royal Perth HospitalPerthWAAustralia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular BiologyBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVicAustralia
- Department of MedicineMonash University, Royal Perth HospitalPerthWAAustralia
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine – Royal Perth Hospital UnitThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
- Department of CardiologyRoyal Perth HospitalPerthWAAustralia
- Department of NephrologyRoyal Perth HospitalPerthWAAustralia
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14
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Mocayar Marón FJ, Ferder L, Saraví FD, Manucha W. Hypertension linked to allostatic load: from psychosocial stress to inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Stress 2019; 22:169-181. [PMID: 30547701 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2018.1542683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a large number of available treatments and strategies, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases continues to grow worldwide. Emerging evidence supports the notion of counteracting stress as a critical component of a comprehensive therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular disease. Indeed, an unhealthy lifestyle is a burden to biological variables such as plasma glucose, lipid profile, and blood pressure control. Recent findings identify allostatic load as a new paradigm for an integrated understanding of the importance of psychosocial stress and its impact on the development and maintenance of cardiovascular disease. Allostasis complement homeostasis and integrates behavioral and physiological mechanisms by which genes, early experiences, environment, lifestyle, diet, sleep, and physical exercise can modulate and adapt biological responses at the cellular level. For example, variability is a physiological characteristic of blood pressure necessary for survival and the allostatic load in hypertension can contribute to its related cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the current review will focus on the mechanisms that link hypertension to allostatic load, which includes psychosocial stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We will describe and discuss new insights on neuroendocrine-immune effects linked to allostatic load and its impact on the cellular and molecular responses; the links between allostatic load, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction; the epidemiological evidence supporting the pathophysiological origins of hypertension; and the biological embedding of allostatic load and hypertension with an emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feres José Mocayar Marón
- a Área de Química Biológica, Departamento de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina
| | - León Ferder
- b Department of Pediatrics , Nephrology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , FL , USA
| | - Fernando Daniel Saraví
- c Instituto de Fisiología, Departamento de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina
| | - Walter Manucha
- d Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina
- e Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET) , Mendoza , Argentina
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15
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Al-Sharea A, Lee MKS, Whillas A, Michell DL, Shihata WA, Nicholls AJ, Cooney OD, Kraakman MJ, Veiga CB, Jefferis AM, Jackson K, Nagareddy PR, Lambert G, Wong CHY, Andrews KL, Head GA, Chin-Dusting J, Murphy AJ. Chronic sympathetic driven hypertension promotes atherosclerosis by enhancing hematopoiesis. Haematologica 2018; 104:456-467. [PMID: 30361420 PMCID: PMC6395347 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.192898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major, independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, this pathology can arise through multiple pathways, which could influence vascular disease through distinct mechanisms. An overactive sympathetic nervous system is a dominant pathway that can precipitate in elevated blood pressure. We aimed to determine how the sympathetic nervous system directly promotes atherosclerosis in the setting of hypertension. We used a mouse model of sympathetic nervous system-driven hypertension on the atherosclerotic-prone apolipoprotein E-deficient background. When mice were placed on a western type diet for 16 weeks, we showed the evolution of unstable atherosclerotic lesions. Fortuitously, the changes in lesion composition were independent of endothelial dysfunction, allowing for the discovery of alternative mechanisms. With the use of flow cytometry and bone marrow imaging, we found that sympathetic activation caused deterioration of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell niche in the bone marrow, promoting the liberation of these cells into the circulation and extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen. Specifically, sympathetic activation reduced the abundance of key hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell niche cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells and osteoblasts. Additionally, sympathetic bone marrow activity prompted neutrophils to secrete proteases to cleave the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell surface receptor CXCR4. All these effects could be reversed using the β-blocker propranolol during the feeding period. These findings suggest that elevated blood pressure driven by the sympathetic nervous system can influence mechanisms that modulate the hematopoietic system to promote atherosclerosis and contribute to cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annas Al-Sharea
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Man K S Lee
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexandra Whillas
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Danielle L Michell
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Waled A Shihata
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Olivia D Cooney
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael J Kraakman
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Camilla Bertuzzo Veiga
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Kristy Jackson
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Division of Hypertension and Cardiac Disease, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Gavin Lambert
- Human Neurotransmitters Laboratory, Division of Hypertension and Cardiac Disease, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Karen L Andrews
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoff A Head
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Division of Hypertension and Cardiac Disease, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jaye Chin-Dusting
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia .,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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16
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Yang T, Zubcevic J. Gut-Brain Axis in Regulation of Blood Pressure. Front Physiol 2017; 8:845. [PMID: 29118721 PMCID: PMC5661004 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is an escalating health issue worldwide. It is estimated that 1.56 billion people will suffer from high blood pressure (BP) by 2025. Recent studies reported an association between gut dysbiosis and HTN, thus proposing interesting avenues for novel treatments of this condition. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the immune system (IS) play a recognized role in the onset and progression of HTN, while reciprocal communication between gut microbiota and the brain can regulate BP by modulating the interplay between the IS and SNS. This review presents the current state of the science implicating brain-gut connection in HTN, highlighting potential pathways of their interaction in control of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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17
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Zubcevic J, Santisteban MM, Perez PD, Arocha R, Hiller H, Malphurs WL, Colon-Perez LM, Sharma RK, de Kloet A, Krause EG, Febo M, Raizada MK. A Single Angiotensin II Hypertensive Stimulus Is Associated with Prolonged Neuronal and Immune System Activation in Wistar-Kyoto Rats. Front Physiol 2017; 8:592. [PMID: 28912720 PMCID: PMC5583219 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of autonomic neural pathways by chronic hypertensive stimuli plays a significant role in pathogenesis of hypertension. Here, we proposed that even a single acute hypertensive stimulus will activate neural and immune pathways that may be important in initiation of memory imprinting seen in chronic hypertension. We investigated the effects of acute angiotensin II (Ang II) administration on blood pressure, neural activation in cardioregulatory brain regions, and central and systemic immune responses, at 1 and 24 h post-injection. Administration of a single bolus intra-peritoneal (I.P.) injection of Ang II (36 μg/kg) resulted in a transient increase in the mean arterial pressure (MAP) (by 22 ± 4 mmHg vs saline), which returned to baseline within 1 h. However, in contrast to MAP, neuronal activity, as measured by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance (MEMRI), remained elevated in several cardioregulatory brain regions over 24 h. The increase was predominant in autonomic regions, such as the subfornical organ (SFO; ~20%), paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN; ~20%) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM; ~900%), among others. Similarly, systemic and central immune responses, as evidenced by circulating levels of CD4+/IL17+ T cells, and increased IL17 levels and activation of microglia in the PVN, respectively, remained elevated at 24 h following Ang II challenge. Elevated Fos expression in the PVN was also present at 24 h (by 73 ± 11%) following Ang II compared to control saline injections, confirming persistent activation of PVN. Thus, even a single Ang II hypertensive stimulus will initiate changes in neuronal and immune cells that play a role in the developing hypertensive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Monica M Santisteban
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Pablo D Perez
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rebeca Arocha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Helmut Hiller
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Wendi L Malphurs
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Luis M Colon-Perez
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ravindra K Sharma
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Annette de Kloet
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Eric G Krause
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mohan K Raizada
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
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18
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Relevance of Immune-Sympathetic Nervous System Interplay for the Development of Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 884:37-43. [PMID: 26453069 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2015_169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) has been mostly associated with the 'fight or flight' response and the regulation of cardiovascular function. However, evidence over the past 30 years suggests that SNS may also influence the function of immune cells. In this review we describe the basic research being done in the area of SNS regulation of immune function. Further, we show that the SNS-immune interplay during circadian rhythm may modulate the robustness of the inflammatory response, critical for survival during periods of increased activity. Finally, new concepts of a close relationship between these systems in the pathogenesis of hypertension are discussed.
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19
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Santisteban MM, Ahmari N, Carvajal JM, Zingler MB, Qi Y, Kim S, Joseph J, Garcia-Pereira F, Johnson RD, Shenoy V, Raizada MK, Zubcevic J. Involvement of bone marrow cells and neuroinflammation in hypertension. Circ Res 2015; 117:178-91. [PMID: 25963715 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.305853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Microglial activation in autonomic brain regions is a hallmark of neuroinflammation in neurogenic hypertension. Despite evidence that an impaired sympathetic nerve activity supplying the bone marrow (BM) increases inflammatory cells and decreases angiogenic cells, little is known about the reciprocal impact of BM-derived inflammatory cells on neuroinflammation in hypertension. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that proinflammatory BM cells from hypertensive animals contribute to neuroinflammation and hypertension via a brain-BM interaction. METHODS AND RESULTS After BM ablation in spontaneously hypertensive rats, and reconstitution with normotensive Wistar Kyoto rat BM, the resultant chimeric spontaneously hypertensive rats displayed significant reduction in mean arterial pressure associated with attenuation of both central and peripheral inflammation. In contrast, an elevated mean arterial pressure along with increased central and peripheral inflammation was observed in chimeric Wistar-Kyoto rats reconstituted with spontaneously hypertensive rat BM. Oral treatment with minocycline, an inhibitor of microglial activation, attenuated hypertension in both the spontaneously hypertensive rats and the chronic angiotensin II-infused rats. This was accompanied by decreased sympathetic drive and inflammation. Furthermore, in chronic angiotensin II-infused rats, minocycline prevented extravasation of BM-derived cells to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, presumably via a mechanism of decreased C-C chemokine ligand 2 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. CONCLUSIONS The BM contributes to hypertension by increasing peripheral inflammatory cells and their extravasation into the brain. Minocycline is an effective therapy to modify neurogenic components of hypertension. These observations support the hypothesis that BM-derived cells are involved in neuroinflammation, and targeting them may be an innovative strategy for neurogenic resistant hypertension therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Santisteban
- From the Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine (M.M.S., J.M.C., M.B.Z., S.K., J.J., M.K.R.), Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (N.A., F.G.-P., R.D.J., J.Z.), Cardiology, College of Medicine (Y.Q.), and Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy (V.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Niousha Ahmari
- From the Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine (M.M.S., J.M.C., M.B.Z., S.K., J.J., M.K.R.), Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (N.A., F.G.-P., R.D.J., J.Z.), Cardiology, College of Medicine (Y.Q.), and Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy (V.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Jessica Marulanda Carvajal
- From the Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine (M.M.S., J.M.C., M.B.Z., S.K., J.J., M.K.R.), Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (N.A., F.G.-P., R.D.J., J.Z.), Cardiology, College of Medicine (Y.Q.), and Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy (V.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Michael B Zingler
- From the Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine (M.M.S., J.M.C., M.B.Z., S.K., J.J., M.K.R.), Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (N.A., F.G.-P., R.D.J., J.Z.), Cardiology, College of Medicine (Y.Q.), and Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy (V.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Yanfei Qi
- From the Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine (M.M.S., J.M.C., M.B.Z., S.K., J.J., M.K.R.), Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (N.A., F.G.-P., R.D.J., J.Z.), Cardiology, College of Medicine (Y.Q.), and Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy (V.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Seungbum Kim
- From the Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine (M.M.S., J.M.C., M.B.Z., S.K., J.J., M.K.R.), Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (N.A., F.G.-P., R.D.J., J.Z.), Cardiology, College of Medicine (Y.Q.), and Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy (V.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Jessica Joseph
- From the Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine (M.M.S., J.M.C., M.B.Z., S.K., J.J., M.K.R.), Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (N.A., F.G.-P., R.D.J., J.Z.), Cardiology, College of Medicine (Y.Q.), and Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy (V.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Fernando Garcia-Pereira
- From the Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine (M.M.S., J.M.C., M.B.Z., S.K., J.J., M.K.R.), Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (N.A., F.G.-P., R.D.J., J.Z.), Cardiology, College of Medicine (Y.Q.), and Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy (V.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Richard D Johnson
- From the Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine (M.M.S., J.M.C., M.B.Z., S.K., J.J., M.K.R.), Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (N.A., F.G.-P., R.D.J., J.Z.), Cardiology, College of Medicine (Y.Q.), and Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy (V.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Vinayak Shenoy
- From the Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine (M.M.S., J.M.C., M.B.Z., S.K., J.J., M.K.R.), Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (N.A., F.G.-P., R.D.J., J.Z.), Cardiology, College of Medicine (Y.Q.), and Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy (V.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Mohan K Raizada
- From the Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine (M.M.S., J.M.C., M.B.Z., S.K., J.J., M.K.R.), Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (N.A., F.G.-P., R.D.J., J.Z.), Cardiology, College of Medicine (Y.Q.), and Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy (V.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville.
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- From the Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine (M.M.S., J.M.C., M.B.Z., S.K., J.J., M.K.R.), Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (N.A., F.G.-P., R.D.J., J.Z.), Cardiology, College of Medicine (Y.Q.), and Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy (V.S.), University of Florida, Gainesville.
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20
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Zubcevic J, Santisteban MM, Pitts T, Baekey DM, Perez PD, Bolser DC, Febo M, Raizada MK. Functional neural-bone marrow pathways: implications in hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Hypertension 2014; 63:e129-39. [PMID: 24688127 PMCID: PMC4295780 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.02440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32610
| | - Monica M. Santisteban
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32610
| | - Teresa Pitts
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32610
| | - David M. Baekey
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32610
| | - Pablo D. Perez
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32610
| | - Donald C. Bolser
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32610
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32610
| | - Mohan K. Raizada
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32610
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