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Liu N, Yu W, Sun M, Li X, Zhang W, Wang M. Dabrafenib mitigates the neuroinflammation caused by ferroptosis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by up regulating Axl receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 973:176600. [PMID: 38643834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammatory damage to the central nervous system. At present, the pathogenesis of the disease is unknown. There is a lack of few effective therapy medications available. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore the pathogenesis of this illness and develop potential therapeutic drugs. Dabrafenib is potential therapeutic medicine for nervous system disease. In this study, we preliminarily studied the possible mechanism of dabrafenib in the treatment of multiple sclerosis from the perspective of ferroptosis. First, we observed that dabrafenib significantly improved symptoms of gait abnormalities, limb weakness or paralysis, and down-regulated levels of spinal cord inflammation in an experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) model. Meanwhile, we also observed that dabrafenib could inhibit the proteins of ferroptosis in spinal cord tissue of EAE mice by Western blot. The results of immunohistochemical analysis showed that the effect of dabrafenib on ferroptosis mainly occurred in microglia. Second, dabrafenib was demonstrated to be able to inhibit the S phase of the cell cycle, reduce ROS levels, and reinstate mitochondrial activity in the LPS-induced BV2 inflammatory cell model. Futhermore, we found that dabrafenib inhibits P-JAK2 and P-STAT3 activation by acting Axl receptor, which in turn prevents neurogenic inflammation in microglia. The co-stimulated BV2 cell model with LPS and Erastin also verified these findings. Ultimately, the Axl knockout mice used to construct the EAE model allowed for the confirmation that dabrafenib prevented ferroptosis in microglia by up-regulating Axl receptor, which reduced the inflammatory demyelination associated with EAE. In summary, our research demonstrates the advantages of dabrafenib in multiple sclerosis treatment, which can prevent ferroptosis in microglia in multiple sclerosis through up-regulating Axl receptor, thus halting the progression of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
| | - Wuhan Yu
- Department of general Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China; The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Mengjiao Sun
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Manxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
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2
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Zhao Y, Ma J, Ding G, Wang Y, Yu H, Cheng X. Astragalus polysaccharides promote neural stem cells-derived oligodendrogenesis through attenuating CD8 +T cell infiltration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111303. [PMID: 38043269 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) have the potential to generate remyelinating oligodendrocytes, which play an important role in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the differentiation of NSCs into oligodendrocytes is insufficient, which is considered a major cause of remyelination failure. Our previous work reported that Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) had a neuroprotective effect on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. However, it remains unclear whether APS regulate NSCs differentiation in EAE mice. In this study, our data illustrated that APS administration could promote NSCs in the subventricular zone (SVZ) to differentiate into oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, we found that APS significantly improved neuroinflammation and inhibited CD8+T cell infiltration into SVZ of EAE mice. We also found that MOG35-55-specific CD8+T cells suppressed NSCs differentiation into oligodendrocytes by secreting IFN-γ, and APS facilitated the differentiation of NSCs into oligodendrocytes which was related to decreased IFN-γ secretion. In addition, APS treatment did not show a better effect on the NSCs-derived oligodendrogenesis after CD8+T cell depletion. This present study demonstrated that APS alleviated neuroinflammation and CD8+T cell infiltration into SVZ to induce oligodendroglial differentiation, and thus exerted neuroprotective effect. Our findings revealed that reducing the infiltration of CD8+T cells might contribute to enhancing NSCs-derived neurogenesis. And APS might be a promising drug candidate to treat MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Yue-yang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Jinyun Ma
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Yue-yang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Guiqing Ding
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Yue-yang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yuanhua Wang
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Yue-yang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Yue-yang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Yue-yang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
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3
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Bohlen JF, Cleary CM, Das D, Sripathy SR, Sadowski N, Shim G, Kenney RF, Buchler IP, Banerji T, Scanlan TS, Mulkey DK, Maher BJ. Promyelinating drugs promote functional recovery in an autism spectrum disorder mouse model of Pitt-Hopkins syndrome. Brain 2023; 146:3331-3346. [PMID: 37068912 PMCID: PMC10393406 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pitt-Hopkins syndrome is an autism spectrum disorder caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the human transcription factor 4 gene (TCF4). One pathobiological process caused by murine Tcf4 mutation is a cell autonomous reduction in oligodendrocytes and myelination. In this study, we show that the promyelinating compounds, clemastine, sobetirome and Sob-AM2 are effective at restoring myelination defects in a Pitt-Hopkins syndrome mouse model. In vitro, clemastine treatment reduced excess oligodendrocyte precursor cells and normalized oligodendrocyte density. In vivo, 2-week intraperitoneal administration of clemastine also normalized oligodendrocyte precursor cell and oligodendrocyte density in the cortex of Tcf4 mutant mice and appeared to increase the number of axons undergoing myelination, as EM imaging of the corpus callosum showed a significant increase in the proportion of uncompacted myelin and an overall reduction in the g-ratio. Importantly, this treatment paradigm resulted in functional rescue by improving electrophysiology and behaviour. To confirm behavioural rescue was achieved via enhancing myelination, we show that treatment with the thyroid hormone receptor agonist sobetirome or its brain penetrating prodrug Sob-AM2, was also effective at normalizing oligodendrocyte precursor cell and oligodendrocyte densities and behaviour in the Pitt-Hopkins syndrome mouse model. Together, these results provide preclinical evidence that promyelinating therapies may be beneficial in Pitt-Hopkins syndrome and potentially other neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by dysmyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Bohlen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Colin M Cleary
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Debamitra Das
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Srinidhi Rao Sripathy
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Norah Sadowski
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Gina Shim
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rakaia F Kenney
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ingrid P Buchler
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tapasree Banerji
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Program in Chemical Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Thomas S Scanlan
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Program in Chemical Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Daniel K Mulkey
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Brady J Maher
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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4
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Rispoli MG, D'Apolito M, Pozzilli V, Tomassini V. Lessons from immunotherapies in multiple sclerosis. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 193:293-311. [PMID: 36803817 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85555-6.00013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The improved understanding of multiple sclerosis (MS) neurobiology alongside the development of novel markers of disease will allow precision medicine to be applied to MS patients, bringing the promise of improved care. Combinations of clinical and paraclinical data are currently used for diagnosis and prognosis. The addition of advanced magnetic resonance imaging and biofluid markers has been strongly encouraged, since classifying patients according to the underlying biology will improve monitoring and treatment strategies. For example, silent progression seems to contribute significantly more than relapses to overall disability accumulation, but currently approved treatments for MS act mainly on neuroinflammation and offer only a partial protection against neurodegeneration. Further research, involving traditional and adaptive trial designs, should strive to halt, repair or protect against central nervous system damage. To personalize new treatments, their selectivity, tolerability, ease of administration, and safety must be considered, while to personalize treatment approaches, patient preferences, risk-aversion, and lifestyle must be factored in, and patient feedback used to indicate real-world treatment efficacy. The use of biosensors and machine-learning approaches to integrate biological, anatomical, and physiological parameters will take personalized medicine a step closer toward the patient's virtual twin, in which treatments can be tried before they are applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna G Rispoli
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB) and Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; MS Centre, SS. Annunziata University Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria D'Apolito
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB) and Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; MS Centre, SS. Annunziata University Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valeria Pozzilli
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB) and Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; MS Centre, SS. Annunziata University Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Tomassini
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB) and Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; MS Centre, SS. Annunziata University Hospital, Chieti, Italy.
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5
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Wang JQ, Gao MY, Gao R, Zhao KH, Zhang Y, Li X. Oligodendrocyte lineage cells: Advances in development, disease, and heterogeneity. J Neurochem 2023; 164:468-480. [PMID: 36415921 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) originate in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the brain and spinal cord, and their primary function is to differentiate into oligodendrocytes (OLs). Studies have shown that OPCs and OLs are pathologically and physiologically heterogeneous. Previous transcriptome analyses used Bulk RNA-seq, which compares average gene expression in cells and does not allow for heterogeneity. In recent years, the development of single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-cell nuclear sequencing (snRNA-seq) has allowed us to study an individual cell. In this review, sc/snRNA-seq was used to study the different subpopulations of OL lineage cells, their developmental trajectories, and their applications in related diseases. These techniques can distinguish different subpopulations of cells, and identify differentially expressed genes in particular cell types under certain conditions, such as treatment or disease. It is of great significance to the study of the occurrence, prevention, and treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke-Han Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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6
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Al-Otaibi KM, Alghamdi BS, Al-Ghamdi MA, Mansouri RA, Ashraf GM, Omar UM. Therapeutic effect of combination vitamin D3 and siponimod on remyelination and modulate microglia activation in cuprizone mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 16:1068736. [PMID: 36688131 PMCID: PMC9849768 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1068736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of remyelination is critical for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) to alleviate symptoms and protect the myelin sheath from further damage. The current study aimed to investigate the possible therapeutic effects of combining vitamin D3 (Vit D3) and siponimod (Sipo) on enhancing remyelination and modulating microglia phenotypes in the cuprizone (CPZ) demyelination mouse model. The study was divided into two stages; demyelination (first 5 weeks) and remyelination (last 4 weeks). In the first 5 weeks, 85 mice were randomly divided into two groups, control (n = 20, standard rodent chow) and CPZ (n = 65, 0.3% CPZ mixed with chow for 6 weeks, followed by 3 weeks of standard rodent chow). At week 5, the CPZ group was re-divided into four groups (n = 14) for remyelination stages; untreated CPZ (0.2 ml of CMC orally), CPZ+Vit D3 (800 IU/kg Vit D3 orally), CPZ+Sipo (1.5 mg/kg Sipo orally), and CPZ+Vit D3 (800 IU/kg Vit D3) + Sipo (1.5 mg/kg Sipo orally). Various behavioral tasks were performed to evaluate motor performance. Luxol Fast Blue (LFB) staining, the expression level of myelin basic protein (MBP), and M1/M2 microglia phenotype genes were assessed in the corpus callosum (CC). The results showed that the combination of Vit D3 and Sipo improved behavioral deficits, significantly promoted remyelination, and modulated expression levels of microglia phenotype genes in the CC at early and late remyelination stages. These results demonstrate for the first time that a combination of Vit D3 and Sipo can improve the remyelination process in the cuprizone (CPZ) mouse model by attenuating the M1 microglia phenotype. This may help to improve the treatment of MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud M. Al-Otaibi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Badrah S. Alghamdi Kholoud M. Al-Otaibi
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Badrah S. Alghamdi Kholoud M. Al-Otaibi
| | - Maryam A. Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Vitamin D Pharmacogenomics Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha A. Mansouri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ulfat M. Omar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Liu L, Du X, Yang Q, Li M, Ran Q, Liu Q, Yang L, Sun L, Guo Y, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhu X, Li Q. Ginsenoside Rg1 promotes remyelination and functional recovery in demyelinating disease by enhancing oligodendrocyte precursor cells-mediated myelin repair. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154309. [PMID: 35994846 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inefficient differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) is one of the significant pathological obstacles of myelin repair and provides an essential therapeutic target against behavioral dysfunction in various neurodegenerative diseases, especially in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) has traditionally been recognized as a protector of neuronal damages, preventing its degeneration. PURPOSE We investigated the effects of Rg1 on myelin regeneration-mediated by OPCs and its therapeutic significance in SPMS. METHODS A cuprizone (CPZ) model was established and then administered with Rg1 specific for evaluations of functional recovery and remyelination. In vitro, the primary mouse OPCs were isolated and cultured for examining their ability of myelin repair. Furthermore, a chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model was utilized to assess the therapeutic value on SPMS. RESULTS We found that Rg1 promoted functional recovery of the demyelinated mice, including spatial memory, motor function, and anxiety-like behavior. Histologically, Rg1 enhanced myelin-genesis as proven by myelin staining and microstructures of myelin observed by transmission electron microscope. Furthermore, Rg1 significantly increased Olig2+ oligodendrocyte lineage cells in callosum, implying that the pro-remyelination effect of Rg1 was closely correlated to the enhanced differentiation of OPCs. We further demonstrated that Rg1 increased the survival and proliferation of OPCs as well as induced maturation in oligodendrocytes (OLs). Molecular analysis showed that Rg1 transduced the pro-differentiation signaling programmed by the GSK3β/β-Catenin pathway. Notably, relying on its pro-remyelination effects, Rg1 ameliorated severity and histopathology of EAE disease. CONCLUSION By paving the way for OPCs differentiation, Rg1 could maintain the integrity of myelin and is a promising candidate for functional recovery in demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Postdoctoral Research Station, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xinke Du
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Manjing Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qingsen Ran
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Postdoctoral Research Station, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qingwu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lisong Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuxuan Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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8
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Kanhai KMS, Goulooze SC, van der Grond J, Harms AC, Hankemeier T, Verma A, Dent G, Chavez J, Meijering H, Groeneveld GJ. Kinetics of myelin breakdown products: A labeling study in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 15:638-648. [PMID: 34799987 PMCID: PMC8932820 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of disease modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) reduce inflammation, but do no’t target remyelination. Development of remyelinating therapies will benefit from a method to quantify myelin kinetics in patients with MS. We labeled myelin in vivo with deuterium, and modeled kinetics of myelin breakdown products β‐galactosylceramide (β‐GalC) and N‐Octadecanoyl‐sulfatide (NO‐Sulf). Five patients with MS received 120 ml 70% D2O daily for 70 days and were compared with six healthy subjects who previously received the same procedure. Mass spectrometry and compartmental modeling were used to quantify the turnover rate of β‐GalC and NO‐Sulf in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Turnover rate constants of the fractions of β‐GalC and NO‐Sulf with non‐negligible turnover were 0.00186 and 0.00714, respectively, in both healthy subjects and patients with MS. The turnover half‐life of β‐GalC and NO‐Sulf was calculated as 373 days and 96.5 days, respectively. The effect of MS on the NO‐Sulf (49.4% lower fraction with non‐negligible turnover) was more pronounced compared to the effect on β‐GalC turnover (18.3% lower fraction with non‐negligible turnover). Kinetics of myelin breakdown products in the CSF are different in patients with MS compared with healthy subjects. This may be caused by slower myelin production in these patients, by a higher level of degradation of a more stable component of myelin, or, most likely, by a combination of these two processes. Labeling myelin breakdown products is a useful method that can be used to quantify myelin turnover in patients with progressive MS and can therefore be used in proof‐of‐concept studies with remyelination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawita M S Kanhai
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Prothya Biosolutions, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan C Goulooze
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Amy C Harms
- Prothya Biosolutions, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Radiology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Department of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ajay Verma
- Yumanity Pharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Sternbach S, West N, Singhal NK, Clements R, Basu S, Tripathi A, Dutta R, Freeman EJ, McDonough J. The BHMT-betaine methylation pathway epigenetically modulates oligodendrocyte maturation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250486. [PMID: 33975330 PMCID: PMC8112889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into the epigenome is of growing importance as a loss of epigenetic control has been implicated in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies have implicated aberrant DNA and histone methylation in multiple sclerosis (MS) disease pathogenesis. We have previously reported that the methyl donor betaine is depleted in MS and is linked to changes in histone H3 trimethylation (H3K4me3) in neurons. We have also shown that betaine increases histone methyltransferase activity by activating chromatin bound betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT). Here, we investigated the role of the BHMT-betaine methylation pathway in oligodendrocytes. Immunocytochemistry in the human MO3.13 cell line, primary rat oligodendrocytes, and tissue from MS postmortem brain confirmed the presence of the BHMT enzyme in the nucleus in oligodendrocytes. BHMT expression is increased 2-fold following oxidative insult, and qRT-PCR demonstrated that betaine can promote an increase in expression of oligodendrocyte maturation genes SOX10 and NKX-2.2 under oxidative conditions. Chromatin fractionation provided evidence of a direct interaction of BHMT on chromatin and co-IP analysis indicates an interaction between BHMT and DNMT3a. Our data show that both histone and DNA methyltransferase activity are increased following betaine administration. Betaine effects were shown to be dependent on BHMT expression following siRNA knockdown of BHMT. This is the first report of BHMT expression in oligodendrocytes and suggests that betaine acts through BHMT to modulate histone and DNA methyltransferase activity on chromatin. These data suggest that methyl donor availability can impact epigenetic changes and maturation in oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sternbach
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nicole West
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Naveen K. Singhal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Robert Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Soumitra Basu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ajai Tripathi
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ranjan Dutta
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ernest J. Freeman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jennifer McDonough
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
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10
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Vancamp P, Butruille L, Demeneix BA, Remaud S. Thyroid Hormone and Neural Stem Cells: Repair Potential Following Brain and Spinal Cord Injury. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:875. [PMID: 32982671 PMCID: PMC7479247 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by chronic neuronal and/or glial cell loss, while traumatic injury is often accompanied by the acute loss of both. Multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult mammalian brain spontaneously proliferate, forming neuronal and glial progenitors that migrate toward lesion sites upon injury. However, they fail to replace neurons and glial cells due to molecular inhibition and the lack of pro-regenerative cues. A major challenge in regenerative biology therefore is to unveil signaling pathways that could override molecular brakes and boost endogenous repair. In physiological conditions, thyroid hormone (TH) acts on NSC commitment in the subventricular zone, and the subgranular zone, the two largest NSC niches in mammals, including humans. Here, we discuss whether TH could have beneficial actions in various pathological contexts too, by evaluating recent data obtained in mammalian models of multiple sclerosis (MS; loss of oligodendroglial cells), Alzheimer’s disease (loss of neuronal cells), stroke and spinal cord injury (neuroglial cell loss). So far, TH has shown promising effects as a stimulator of remyelination in MS models, while its role in NSC-mediated repair in other diseases remains elusive. Disentangling the spatiotemporal aspects of the injury-driven repair response as well as the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which TH acts, could unveil new ways to further exploit its pro-regenerative potential, while TH (ant)agonists with cell type-specific action could provide safer and more target-directed approaches that translate easier to clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Vancamp
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, Paris, France
| | - Lucile Butruille
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, Paris, France
| | - Barbara A Demeneix
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, Paris, France
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11
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Kopanitsa MV, Lehtimäki KK, Forsman M, Suhonen A, Koponen J, Piiponniemi TO, Kärkkäinen AM, Pavlidi P, Shatillo A, Sweeney PJ, Merenlender-Wagner A, Kaye J, Orbach A, Nurmi A. Cognitive disturbances in the cuprizone model of multiple sclerosis. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 20:e12663. [PMID: 32372528 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive problems frequently accompany neurological manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, during screening of preclinical candidates, assessments of behaviour in mouse models of MS typically focus on locomotor activity. In the present study, we analysed cognitive behaviour of 9 to 10-week-old female C57Bl/6J mice orally administered with the toxin cuprizone that induces demyelination, a characteristic feature of MS. Animals received 400 mg/kg cuprizone daily for 2 or 4 weeks, and their performance was compared with that of vehicle-treated mice. Cuprizone-treated animals showed multiple deficits in short touchscreen-based operant tasks: they responded more slowly to visual stimuli, rewards and made more errors in a simple rule-learning task. In contextual/cued fear conditioning experiments, cuprizone-treated mice showed significantly lower levels of contextual freezing than vehicle-treated mice. Diffusion tensor imaging showed treatment-dependent changes in fractional anisotropy as well as in axial and mean diffusivities in different white matter areas. Lower values of fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity in cuprizone-treated mice indicated developing demyelination and/or axonal damage. Several diffusion tensor imaging measurements correlated with learning parameters. Our results show that translational touchscreen operant tests and fear conditioning paradigms can reliably detect cognitive consequences of cuprizone treatment. The suggested experimental approach enables screening novel MS drug candidates in longitudinal experiments for their ability to improve pathological changes in brain structure and reverse cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym V Kopanitsa
- Charles River Discovery Services, Kuopio, Finland.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | | | - Ari Suhonen
- Charles River Discovery Services, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juho Koponen
- Charles River Discovery Services, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | - Pavlina Pavlidi
- MSc Programme in Translational Neuroscience, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Joel Kaye
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Netanya, Israel
| | - Aric Orbach
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Netanya, Israel
| | - Antti Nurmi
- Charles River Discovery Services, Kuopio, Finland
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12
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Wang SS, Bi HZ, Chu SF, Dong YX, He WB, Tian YJ, Zang YD, Zhang DM, Zhang Z, Chen NH. CZ-7, a new derivative of Claulansine F, promotes remyelination induced by cuprizone by enhancing myelin debris clearance. Brain Res Bull 2020; 159:67-78. [PMID: 32289743 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of demyelinating diseases is controversial, while demyelination and remyeliantion disorder is the acknowledged etiology and therapeutic target. Untill now, there is no efficient therapy for these diseases. CZ-7, a new derivative of Claulansine F, which has been reported before, were investigated its pro-remyelination effect and its associated mechanism in cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination model. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to CPZ (300 mg/kg) through intragastric gavage and were orally administered CZ-7 (20 mg/kg) meanwhile. The results of weight monitoring and behavioral testing showed that CZ-7 can significantly improve behavior dysfunction in the demyelinating mice. Luxol-fast blue (LFB) staining, myelin basic protein (MBP) immunostaining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and QPCR results indicated the therapeutic effect of CZ-7 on CPZ mice model. Furthermore, degraded myelin basic protein (dMBP) immunofluorescent staining and oil red O staining showed that CZ-7 contributed to the clearance of degraded myelin debris. More microglia displayed phagocytic shape assembled in corpus callosum (CC) and there was an active process of phagocytosis in microglia after CZ-7 treatment. Immunofluorescent staining and QPCR analysis revealed the M2-polarized phenotype switch of microglia in the process of myelin debris removel, which demostrated the microenvironment improvement of CZ-7. Moreover, immunofluorescent staining of NG2 and O4 demonstated that more oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) existed in CC after CZ-7 treatment. In conclusion, our results demonstrated CZ-7 has a potential therapeutic effect for MS and other demyelinating diseases through enhancing myelin debris clearance to improve the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030619, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hao-Zhi Bi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030619, China
| | - Shi-Feng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yi-Xiao Dong
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Wen-Bin He
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030619, China
| | - Ya-Juan Tian
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030619, China
| | - Ying-Da Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Dong-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030619, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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13
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Vancamp P, Demeneix BA, Remaud S. Monocarboxylate Transporter 8 Deficiency: Delayed or Permanent Hypomyelination? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:283. [PMID: 32477268 PMCID: PMC7237703 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) deficiency or the Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome (AHDS) is an X-linked psychomotor disability syndrome with around 320 clinical cases described worldwide. SLC16A2 gene mutations, encoding the thyroid hormone (TH) transporter MCT8, result in intellectual disability due to impaired TH uptake in the developing brain. MCT8 deficiency is a multi-organ affecting disease with a predominant neuronal cell-based pathology, with the glial component inadequately investigated. However, deficiency in myelin, a key component of white matter (WM) enabling fast nerve conduction, is a TH-dependent hallmark of the disease. Nevertheless, analysis of the myelin status in AHDS patients has led to conflicting interpretations. The majority of individual case studies reported delayed myelination, that was restored later in life. In contrast, post-mortem studies and high-resolution MRIs detected WM (micro-) abnormalities throughout adolescence, suggesting permanent hypomyelination. Thus, interpretations vary depending on methodology to investigate WM microstructure. Further, it is unknown whether the mutation within the MCT8 is linked to the severity of the myelin deficiency. Consequently, terminology is inconsistent among reports, and AHDS is occasionally misdiagnosed as another WM disorder. The evolutionary conserved TH signaling pathway that promotes the generation of myelinating oligodendrocytes enabled deciphering how the lack of MCT8 might affect myelinogenesis. Linking patient findings on myelination to those obtained from models of MCT8 deficiency revealed underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, but knowledge gaps remain, notably how myelination progresses both spatially and temporally in MCT8 deficiency. This limits predicting how myelin integrity might benefit therapeutically, and when to initiate. A recurrent observation in clinical trials is the absence of neurological improvement. Testing MCT8-independent thyromimetics in models, and evaluating treatments used in other demyelinating diseases, despite different etiologies, is crucial to propose new therapeutic strategies combatting this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Vancamp
- UMR 7221 Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, Centre National de le Recherche Scientifique-Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Barbara A Demeneix
- UMR 7221 Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, Centre National de le Recherche Scientifique-Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- UMR 7221 Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, Centre National de le Recherche Scientifique-Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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14
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Sun Y, Sun J, He Z, Wang G, Wang Y, Zhao D, Wang Z, Luo C, Tian C, Jiang Q. Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 in Brain Diseases and Cancers. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:855-866. [DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666191021103018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 (MCT1), an important membrane transport protein, mediates
the translocation of monocarboxylates together with protons across biological membranes. Due to its pathological
significance, MCT1 plays an important role in the progression of some diseases, such as brain diseases and cancers.
Methods:
We summarize the general description of MCT1 and provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of
MCT1 in brain diseases and cancers. Furthermore, this review discusses the opportunities and challenges of MCT1-
targeting drug-delivery systems in the treatment of brain diseases and cancers.
Results:
In the brain, loss of MCT1 function is associated with pathologies of degeneration and injury of the nervous
system. In tumors, MCT1 regulates the activity of signaling pathways and controls the exchange of monocarboxylates
in aerobic glycolysis to affect tumor metabolism, proliferation and invasion. Meanwhile, MCT1 also acts as a
good biomarker for the prediction and diagnosis of cancer progressions.
Conclusion:
MCT1 is an attractive transporter in brain diseases and cancers. Moreover, the development of MCT1-
based small molecule drugs and MCT1 inhibitors in the clinic is promising. This review systematically summarizes
the basic characteristics of MCT1 and its role in brain diseases and cancers, laying the foundation for further research
on MCT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Dongyang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhenjie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chutong Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qikun Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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15
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Guo LY, Lozinski B, Yong VW. Exercise in multiple sclerosis and its models: Focus on the central nervous system outcomes. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:509-523. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yi Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Western University London Ontario Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain InstituteUniversity of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Brian Lozinski
- Hotchkiss Brain InstituteUniversity of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Voon Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain InstituteUniversity of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
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16
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Neural Stem Cells of the Subventricular Zone Contribute to Neuroprotection of the Corpus Callosum after Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination. J Neurosci 2019; 39:5481-5492. [PMID: 31138656 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0227-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin loss occurring in demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis, is the leading cause of long-lasting neurological disability in adults. While endogenous remyelination, driven by resident oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), might partially compensate myelin loss in the early phases of demyelinating disorders, this spontaneous reparative potential fails at later stages. To investigate the cellular mechanisms sustaining endogenous remyelination in demyelinating disorders, we focused our attention on endogenous neural precursor cells (eNPCs) located within the subventricular zone (SVZ) since this latter area is considered one of the primary sources of new OPCs in the adult forebrain. First, we fate mapped SVZ-eNPCs in cuprizone-induced demyelination and found that SVZ endogenous neural stem/precursor cells are recruited during the remyelination phase to the corpus callosum (CC) and are capable of forming new oligodendrocytes. When we ablated SVZ-derived eNPCs during cuprizone-induced demyelination in female mice, the animals displayed reduced numbers of oligodendrocytes within the lesioned CC. Although this reduction in oligodendrocytes did not impact the ensuing remyelination, eNPC-ablated mice experienced increased axonal loss. Our results indicate that, in toxic models of demyelination, SVZ-derived eNPCs contribute to support axonal survival.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT One of the significant challenges in MS research is to understand the detrimental mechanisms leading to the failure of CNS tissue regeneration during disease progression. One possible explanation is the inability of recruited oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to complete remyelination and to sustain axonal survival. The contribution of endogenous neural precursor cells (eNPCs) located in the subventricular zone (SVZ) to generate new OPCs in the lesion site has been debated. Using transgenic mice to fate map and to selectively kill SVZ-derived eNPCs in the cuprizone demyelination model, we observed migration of SVZ-eNPCs after injury and their contribution to oligodendrogenesis and axonal survival. We found that eNPCs are dispensable for remyelination but protect partially from increased axonal loss.
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17
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Hartley MD, Banerji T, Tagge IJ, Kirkemo LL, Chaudhary P, Calkins E, Galipeau D, Shokat MD, DeBell MJ, Van Leuven S, Miller H, Marracci G, Pocius E, Banerji T, Ferrara SJ, Meinig JM, Emery B, Bourdette D, Scanlan TS. Myelin repair stimulated by CNS-selective thyroid hormone action. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126329. [PMID: 30996143 PMCID: PMC6538346 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte processes wrap axons to form neuroprotective myelin sheaths, and damage to myelin in disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), leads to neurodegeneration and disability. There are currently no approved treatments for MS that stimulate myelin repair. During development, thyroid hormone (TH) promotes myelination through enhancing oligodendrocyte differentiation; however, TH itself is unsuitable as a remyelination therapy due to adverse systemic effects. This problem is overcome with selective TH agonists, sobetirome and a CNS-selective prodrug of sobetirome called Sob-AM2. We show here that TH and sobetirome stimulated remyelination in standard gliotoxin models of demyelination. We then utilized a genetic mouse model of demyelination and remyelination, in which we employed motor function tests, histology, and MRI to demonstrate that chronic treatment with sobetirome or Sob-AM2 leads to significant improvement in both clinical signs and remyelination. In contrast, chronic treatment with TH in this model inhibited the endogenous myelin repair and exacerbated disease. These results support the clinical investigation of selective CNS-penetrating TH agonists, but not TH, for myelin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith D. Hartley
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Program in Chemical Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Tania Banerji
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Program in Chemical Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Lisa L. Kirkemo
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Program in Chemical Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Priya Chaudhary
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Neurology, and
| | - Evan Calkins
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Neurology, and
| | - Danielle Galipeau
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Neurology, and
| | - Mitra D. Shokat
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Program in Chemical Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Margaret J. DeBell
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Program in Chemical Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Shelby Van Leuven
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Program in Chemical Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Hannah Miller
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Program in Chemical Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Gail Marracci
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Neurology, and
| | - Edvinas Pocius
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Neurology, and
| | - Tapasree Banerji
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Program in Chemical Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Skylar J. Ferrara
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Program in Chemical Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - J. Matthew Meinig
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Program in Chemical Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ben Emery
- Department of Neurology, and
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Dennis Bourdette
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Neurology, and
| | - Thomas S. Scanlan
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Program in Chemical Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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18
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Lu F, Yin D, Pu Y, Liu W, Li Z, Shao Q, He C, Cao L. Shikimic Acid Promotes Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Differentiation and Accelerates Remyelination in Mice. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:434-446. [PMID: 30684125 PMCID: PMC6527532 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The obstacle to successful remyelination in demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, mainly lies in the inability of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to differentiate, since OPCs and oligodendrocyte-lineage cells that are unable to fully differentiate are found in the areas of demyelination. Thus, promoting the differentiation of OPCs is vital for the treatment of demyelinating diseases. Shikimic acid (SA) is mainly derived from star anise, and is reported to have anti-influenza, anti-oxidation, and anti-tumor effects. In the present study, we found that SA significantly promoted the differentiation of cultured rat OPCs without affecting their proliferation and apoptosis. In mice, SA exerted therapeutic effects on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), such as alleviating clinical EAE scores, inhibiting inflammation, and reducing demyelination in the CNS. SA also promoted the differentiation of OPCs as well as their remyelination after lysolecithin-induced demyelination. Furthermore, we showed that the promotion effect of SA on OPC differentiation was associated with the up-regulation of phosphorylated mTOR. Taken together, our results demonstrated that SA could act as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfeng Lu
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of The Ministry of Education, and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dou Yin
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of The Ministry of Education, and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yingyan Pu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of The Ministry of Education, and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weili Liu
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of The Ministry of Education, and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhenghao Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of The Ministry of Education, and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qi Shao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of The Ministry of Education, and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Cheng He
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China. .,Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of The Ministry of Education, and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Li Cao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of The Ministry of Education, and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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19
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Thompson KK, Nissen JC, Pretory A, Tsirka SE. Tuftsin Combines With Remyelinating Therapy and Improves Outcomes in Models of CNS Demyelinating Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2784. [PMID: 30555470 PMCID: PMC6283261 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Though promoting remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy, it does not address inflammatory signals that continue to induce neuronal damage and inhibit effectiveness of repair mechanisms. Our lab has previously characterized the immunomodulatory tetrapeptide, tuftsin, which induces an anti-inflammatory shift in microglia and macrophages. This targeted anti-inflammatory agent improves physical deficits in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. Here, we sought to determine whether tuftsin is also effective in combination with benztropine, an FDA-approved drug that stimulates remyelination, in both EAE and in the cuprizone model of demyelination. We show that combining these two agents to promote anti-inflammatory and remyelinating mechanisms alleviates symptoms in EAE and lessens pathological hallmarks in both MS models. Importantly, tuftsin is required to transform the inflammatory CNS environment normally present in EAE/MS into one of an anti-inflammatory nature, and benztropine is required in the cuprizone model to improve remyelination. Our data further support tuftsin's beneficial immunomodulatory activity in the context of EAE, and show that when studying remyelination in the absence of an autoimmune insult, tuftsin still activated microglia toward an anti-inflammatory fate, but benztropine was necessary for significant repair of the damaged myelin. Overall, tuftsin effectively combined with benztropine to significantly improve MS-like pathologies in both models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn K Thompson
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Jillian C Nissen
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Amanda Pretory
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Stella E Tsirka
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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20
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Osorio-Querejeta I, Alberro A, Muñoz-Culla M, Mäger I, Otaegui D. Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles for Demyelinating Diseases; Challenges and Opportunities. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:434. [PMID: 30532691 PMCID: PMC6265410 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system for which no remyelination therapy is available and alternative strategies are being tested. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as players in physiological and pathological processes and are being proposed as therapeutic targets and mediators. More concretely, EVs have shown to be involved in myelination related processes such as axon-oligodendrocyte communication or oligodendrocyte precursor cell migration. In addition, EVs have been shown to carry genetic material and small compounds, and to be able to cross the Blood Brain Barrier. This scenario led scientists to test the ability of EVs as myelin regeneration promoters in demyelinating diseases. In this review we will address the use of EVs as remyelination promoters and the challenges and opportunities of this therapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Osorio-Querejeta
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.,Spanish Network of Multiple Sclerosis, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Alberro
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Maider Muñoz-Culla
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.,Spanish Network of Multiple Sclerosis, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Imre Mäger
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - David Otaegui
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.,Spanish Network of Multiple Sclerosis, Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Liu S, Ren C, Qu X, Wu X, Dong F, Chand YK, Fan H, Yao R, Geng D. miR-219 attenuates demyelination in cuprizone-induced demyelinated mice by regulating monocarboxylate transporter 1. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 45:249-259. [PMID: 27873367 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Remyelination is limited in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) due to the difficulties in recruiting proliferating oligodendrocyte precursors (OPCs), the inhibition of OPC differentiation and/or maturation, and/or failure in the generation of the myelin sheath. In vitro studies have revealed that miR-219 is necessary for OPC differentiation and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) plays a vital role in oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin synthesis. Herein, we hypothesized that miR-219 might promote oligodendrocyte differentiation and attenuate demyelination in a cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelinated model by regulating the expression of MCT1. We found that CPZ-treated mice exhibited significantly increased anxiety in the open field test. However, miR-219 reduced anxiety as shown by an increase in the total distance, the central distance and the mean amount of time spent in the central area. miR-219 decreased the quantity of OPCs and increased the number of oligodendrocytes and the level of myelin basic protein (MBP) and cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase (CNP) protein. Ultrastructural studies further confirmed that the extent of demyelination was attenuated by miR-219 overexpression. Meanwhile, miR-219 also greatly enhanced MCT1 expression via suppression of oligodendrocyte differentiation inhibitors, Sox6 and Hes5, treatment with the MCT1 inhibitor α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (4-CIN) reduced the number of oligodendrocytes and the protein levels of MBP and CNP. Taken together, these results suggest a novel mode of action of miR-219 via MCT1 in vivo and may provide a new potential remyelination therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Liu
- Research Center for Neurobiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221000, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221009, China
| | - Chuanlu Ren
- Department of Laboratory, No. 100 Hospital of CPLA, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuebin Qu
- Research Center for Neurobiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Xiuxiang Wu
- Research Center for Neurobiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Fuxing Dong
- Research Center for Neurobiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Yadav Kaushal Chand
- Research Center for Neurobiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Hongbin Fan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221009, China
| | - Ruiqin Yao
- Research Center for Neurobiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Deqin Geng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221009, China
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22
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Ferrara SJ, Meinig JM, Placzek AT, Banerji T, McTigue P, Hartley MD, Sanford-Crane HS, Banerji T, Bourdette D, Scanlan TS. Ester-to-amide rearrangement of ethanolamine-derived prodrugs of sobetirome with increased blood-brain barrier penetration. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2743-2753. [PMID: 28385597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Current therapeutic options for treating demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) do not stimulate myelin repair, thus creating a clinical need for therapeutic agents that address axonal remyelination. Thyroid hormone is known to play an important role in promoting developmental myelination and repair, and CNS permeable thyromimetic agents could offer an increased therapeutic index compared to endogenous thyroid hormone. Sobetirome is a clinical stage thyromimetic that has been shown to have promising activity in preclinical models related to MS and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), a genetic disease that involves demyelination. Here we report a new series of sobetirome prodrugs containing ethanolamine-based promoieties that were found to undergo an intramolecular O,N acyl migration to form the pharmacologically relevant amide species. Several of these systemically administered prodrugs deliver more sobetirome to the brain compared to unmodified sobetirome. Pharmacokinetic properties of the parent drug sobetirome and amidoalcohol prodrug 3 are described and prodrug 3 was found to be more potent than sobetirome in target engagement in the brain from systemic dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skylar J Ferrara
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - J Matthew Meinig
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Andrew T Placzek
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Tapasree Banerji
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Peter McTigue
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Meredith D Hartley
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Hannah S Sanford-Crane
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Tania Banerji
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Dennis Bourdette
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Thomas S Scanlan
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, United States.
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23
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Zhu K, Sun J, Kang Z, Zou Z, Wu G, Wang J. Electroacupuncture Promotes Remyelination after Cuprizone Treatment by Enhancing Myelin Debris Clearance. Front Neurosci 2017; 10:613. [PMID: 28119561 PMCID: PMC5222794 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting remyelination is crucial for patients with demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis. However, it is still a circuitous conundrum finding a practical remyelinating therapy. Electroacupuncture (EA), originating from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been widely used to treat CNS diseases all over the world, but the role of EA in demyelinating diseases is barely known. In this study, we examined the remyelinating properties and mechanisms of EA in cuprizone-induced demyelinating model, a CNS demyelinating murine model of multiple sclerosis. By feeding C57BL/6 mice with chow containing 0.2% cuprizone for 5 weeks, we successfully induce demyelination as proved by weight change, beam test, pole test, histomorphology, and Western Blot. EA treatment significantly improves the neurobehavioral performance at week 7 (2 weeks after withdrawing cuprizone chow). RNA-seq and RT-PCR results reveal up-regulated expression of myelin-related genes, and the expression of myelin associated protein (MBP, CNPase, and O4) are also increased after EA treatment, indicating therapeutic effect of EA on cuprizone model. It is widely acknowledged that microglia exert phagocytic effect on degraded myelin debris and clear these detrimental debris, which is a necessary process for subsequent remyelination. We found the remyelinating effect of EA is associated with enhanced clearance of degraded myelin debris as detected by dMBP staining and red oil O staining. Our further studies suggest that more microglia assemble in demyelinating area (corpus callosum) during the process of EA treatment, and cells inside corpus callosum are mostly in a plump, ameboid, and phagocytic shape, quite different from the ramified cells outside corpus callosum. RNA-seq result also unravels that most genes relating to positive regulation of phagocytosis (GO:0050766) are up-regulated, indicating enhanced phagocytic process after EA treatment. During the process of myelin debris clearance, microglia tend to change their phenotype toward M2 phenotype. Thus, we also probed into the phenotype of microglia in our study. Immuno-staining results show increased expression of CD206 and Arg1, and the ratio of CD206/CD16/32 are also higher in EA group. In conclusion, these results demonstrate for the first time that EA enhances myelin debris removal from activated microglia after demyelination, and promotes remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keying Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jingxian Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Zheng Kang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Zaofeng Zou
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Gencheng Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
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24
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Dulamea AO. The contribution of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells to central nervous system repair in multiple sclerosis: perspectives for remyelination therapeutic strategies. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1939-1944. [PMID: 29323026 PMCID: PMC5784335 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.221146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodencrocytes (OLs) are the main glial cells of the central nervous system involved in myelination of axons. In multiple sclerosis (MS), there is an imbalance between demyelination and remyelination processes, the last one performed by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and OLs, resulting into a permanent demyelination, axonal damage and neuronal loss. In MS lesions, astrocytes and microglias play an important part in permeabilization of blood-brain barrier and initiation of OPCs proliferation. Migration and differentiation of OPCs are influenced by various factors and the process is finalized by insufficient acummulation of OLs into the MS lesion. In relation to all these processes, the author will discuss the potential targets for remyelination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Octaviana Dulamea
- Department of Neurology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania
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25
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Dulamea AO. Role of Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction in Demyelination, Remyelination and Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 958:91-127. [PMID: 28093710 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47861-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS) during development and throughout adulthood. They result from a complex and well controlled process of activation, proliferation, migration and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) from the germinative niches of the CNS. In multiple sclerosis (MS), the complex pathological process produces dysfunction and apoptosis of OLs leading to demyelination and neurodegeneration. This review attempts to describe the patterns of demyelination in MS, the steps involved in oligodendrogenesis and myelination in healthy CNS, the different pathways leading to OLs and myelin loss in MS, as well as principles involved in restoration of myelin sheaths. Environmental factors and their impact on OLs and pathological mechanisms of MS are also discussed. Finally, we will present evidence about the potential therapeutic targets in re-myelination processes that can be accessed in order to develop regenerative therapies for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Octaviana Dulamea
- Neurology Clinic, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Fundeni Clinical Institute, Building A, Neurology Clinic, Room 201, 022328, Bucharest, Romania.
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26
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Kanhai K, Goulooze SC, Stevens J, Hay JL, Dent G, Verma A, Hankemeier T, de Boer T, Meijering H, Chavez JC, Cohen AF, Groeneveld GJ. Quantifying Beta-Galactosylceramide Kinetics in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Healthy Subjects Using Deuterium Labeling. Clin Transl Sci 2016; 9:321-327. [PMID: 27743499 PMCID: PMC5351000 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutics promoting myelin synthesis may enhance recovery in demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. However, no suitable method exists to quantify myelination. The turnover of galactosylceramide (myelin component) is indicative of myelination in mice, but its turnover has not been determined in humans. Here, six healthy subjects consumed 120 mL 70% D2O daily for 70 days to label galactosylceramide. We then used mass spectrometry and compartmental modeling to quantify the turnover rate of galactosylceramide in cerebrospinal fluid. Maximum deuterium enrichment of body water ranged from 1.5–3.9%, whereas that of galactosylceramide was much lower: 0.05–0.14%. This suggests a slow turnover rate, which was confirmed by the model‐estimated galactosylceramide turnover rate of 0.00168 day−1, which corresponds to a half‐life of 413 days. Additional studies in patients with multiple sclerosis are needed to investigate whether galactosylceramide turnover could be used as an outcome measure in clinical trials with remyelination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kms Kanhai
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S C Goulooze
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Stevens
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J L Hay
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G Dent
- Experimental Medicine, Biogen Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A Verma
- Experimental Medicine, Biogen Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - T Hankemeier
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - T de Boer
- Analytical Biochemical Laboratory BV, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - H Meijering
- Analytical Biochemical Laboratory BV, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - J C Chavez
- Experimental Medicine, Biogen Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A F Cohen
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
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27
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Li X, Zhang Y, Yan Y, Ciric B, Ma CG, Chin J, Curtis M, Rostami A, Zhang GX. LINGO-1-Fc-Transduced Neural Stem Cells Are Effective Therapy for Chronic Stage Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4365-4378. [PMID: 27344330 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The chronic stage multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), remains refractory to current treatments. This refractory nature may be due to the fact that current treatments are primarily immunomodulatory, which prevent further demyelination but lack the capacity to promote remyelination. Several approaches, including transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) or antagonists to LINGO-1, a key part of the receptor complex for neuroregeneration inhibitors, have been effective in suppressing the acute stage of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. However, their effect on the chronic stage EAE is not known. Here, we show that transplantation of NSCs had only a slight therapeutic effect when treatment started at the chronic stage of EAE (e.g., injected at day 40 postimmunization). However, NSCs engineered to produce LINGO-1-Fc, a soluble LINGO-1 antagonist, significantly promoted neurological recovery as demonstrated by amelioration of clinical signs, improvement in axonal integrity, and enhancement of oligodendrocyte maturation and neuron repopulation. Significantly enhanced NAD production and Sirt2 expression were also found in the CNS of mice treated with LINGO-1-Fc-producing NSC. Moreover, differentiation of LINGO-1-Fc-producing NSCs into oligodendrocytes in vitro was largely diminished by an NAMPT inhibitor, indicating that LINGO-1-Fc enhances the NAMPT/NAD/Sirt2 pathway. Together, our study establishes a CNS-targeted, novel LINGO-1-Fc delivery system using NSCs, which represents a novel and effective NSC-based gene therapy approach for the chronic stage of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bogoljub Ciric
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- Institute of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Shanxi Datong University Medical School, Datong, China
| | - Jeannie Chin
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark Curtis
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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28
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AYDINLI Fİ, ÇELİK E, VATANDAŞLAR BK, KERMAN BE. Myelin disorders and stem cells: as therapies and models. Turk J Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.3906/biy-1512-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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29
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Jensen BK, Monnerie H, Mannell MV, Gannon PJ, Espinoza CA, Erickson MA, Bruce-Keller AJ, Gelman BB, Briand LA, Pierce RC, Jordan-Sciutto KL, Grinspan JB. Altered Oligodendrocyte Maturation and Myelin Maintenance: The Role of Antiretrovirals in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2015; 74:1093-118. [PMID: 26469251 PMCID: PMC4608376 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite effective viral suppression through combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), approximately half of HIV-positive individuals have HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Studies of antiretroviral-treated patients have revealed persistent white matter abnormalities including diffuse myelin pallor, diminished white matter tracts, and decreased myelin protein mRNAs. Loss of myelin can contribute to neurocognitive dysfunction because the myelin membrane generated by oligodendrocytes is essential for rapid signal transduction and axonal maintenance. We hypothesized that myelin changes in HAND are partly due to effects of antiretroviral drugs on oligodendrocyte survival and/or maturation. We showed that primary mouse oligodendrocyte precursor cell cultures treated with therapeutic concentrations of HIV protease inhibitors ritonavir or lopinavir displayed dose-dependent decreases in oligodendrocyte maturation; however, this effect was rapidly reversed after drug removal. Conversely, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor zidovudine had no effect. Furthermore, in vivo ritonavir administration to adult mice reduced frontal cortex myelin protein levels. Finally, prefrontal cortex tissue from HIV-positive individuals with HAND on cART showed a significant decrease in myelin basic protein compared with untreated HIV-positive individuals with HAND or HIV-negative controls. These findings demonstrate that antiretrovirals can impact myelin integrity and have implications for myelination in juvenile HIV patients and myelin maintenance in adults on lifelong therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigid K. Jensen
- Department of Neuroscience, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hubert Monnerie
- Department of Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maggie V. Mannell
- Department of Neuroscience, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick J. Gannon
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cagla Akay Espinoza
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michelle A. Erickson
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Annadora J. Bruce-Keller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Benjamin B. Gelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Lisa A. Briand
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - R. Christopher Pierce
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly L. Jordan-Sciutto
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Judith B. Grinspan
- Department of Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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30
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Burns TC, Verfaillie CM. From mice to mind: Strategies and progress in translating neuroregeneration. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 759:90-100. [PMID: 25814255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Decisions about what experimental therapies are advanced to clinical trials are based almost exclusively on findings in preclinical animal studies. Over the past 30 years, animal models have forecast the success of hundreds of neuroprotective pharmacological therapies for stroke, Alzheimer׳s disease, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Yet almost without exception, all have failed. Rapid advances in stem cell technologies have raised new hopes that these neurological diseases may one day be treatable. Still, how can neuroregenerative therapies be translated into clinical realities if available animal models are such poor surrogates of human disease? To address this question we discuss human and rodent neurogenesis, evaluate mechanisms of action for cellular therapies and describe progress in translating neuroregeneration to date. We conclude that not only are appropriate animal models critical to the development of safe and effective therapies, but that the multiple mechanisms of stem cell-mediated therapies may be particularly well suited to the mechanistically diverse nature of central nervous system diseases in mice and man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry C Burns
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.
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