1
|
Landry J, Shows K, Jagdeesh A, Shah A, Pokhriyal M, Yakovlev V. Regulatory miRNAs in cancer cell recovery from therapy exposure and its implications as a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing disease recurrence. Enzymes 2023; 53:113-196. [PMID: 37748835 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The desired outcome of cancer therapies is the eradication of disease. This can be achieved when therapy exposure leads to therapy-induced cancer cell death as the dominant outcome. Theoretically, a permanent therapy-induced growth arrest could also contribute to a complete response, which has the potential to lead to remission. However, preclinical models have shown that therapy-induced growth arrest is not always durable, as recovering cancer cell populations can contribute to the recurrence of cancer. Significant research efforts have been expended to develop strategies focusing on the prevention of recurrence. Recovery of cells from therapy exposure can occur as a result of several cell stress adaptations. These include cytoprotective autophagy, cellular quiescence, a reversable form of senescence, and the suppression of apoptosis and necroptosis. It is well documented that microRNAs regulate the response of cancer cells to anti-cancer therapies, making targeting microRNAs therapeutically a viable strategy to sensitization and the prevention of recovery. We propose that the use of microRNA-targeting therapies in prolonged sequence, that is, a significant period after initial therapy exposure, could reduce toxicity from the standard combination strategy, and could exploit new epigenetic states essential for cancer cells to recover from therapy exposure. In a step toward supporting this strategy, we survey the available scientific literature to identify microRNAs which could be targeted in sequence to eliminate residual cancer cell populations that were arrested as a result of therapy exposure. It is our hope that by successfully identifying microRNAs which could be targeted in sequence we can prevent disease recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Landry
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - Kathryn Shows
- Department of Biology, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA, United States
| | - Akash Jagdeesh
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Aashka Shah
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Mihir Pokhriyal
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Vasily Yakovlev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sarwar S, Alamro A, Huq F, Alghamdi A. Insights Into the Role of Epigenetic Factors Determining the Estrogen Response in Estrogen-Positive Ovarian Cancer and Prospects of Combining Epi-Drugs With Endocrine Therapy. Front Genet 2022; 13:812077. [PMID: 35873467 PMCID: PMC9306913 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.812077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies. The population at the risk is continually on the rise due to the acquired drug resistance, high relapse rate, incomplete knowledge of the etiology, cross-talk with other gynecological malignancies, and diagnosis at an advanced stage. Most ovarian tumors are thought to arise in surface epithelium somehow in response to changes in the hormonal environment. Prolonged treatment with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is also considered a contributing factor. Estrogens influence the etiology and progression of the endocrine/hormone-responsive cancers in a patient-specific manner. The concept of hormonal manipulations got attention during the last half of the 20th century when tamoxifen was approved by the FDA as the first selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Endocrine therapy that has been found to be effective against breast cancer can be an option for ovarian cancer. It is now established that global changes in the epigenetic landscape are not only the hallmark of tumor development but also contribute to the development of resistance to hormone therapy. A set of functionally related genes involved in epigenetic reprogramming are controlled by specific transcription factors (TFs). Thus, the activities of TFs mediate important mechanisms through which epigenetic enzymes and co-factors modify chromatin for the worst outcome in a site-specific manner. Furthermore, the role of epigenetic aberrations involving histone modifications is established in ovarian cancer pathogenesis. This review aims to provide insights on the role of key epigenetic determinants of response as well as resistance to the hormone therapy, the current status of research along with its limitations, and future prospects of epigenetic agents as biomarkers in early diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized treatment strategies. Finally, the possibility of small phytoestrogenic molecules in combination with immunotherapy and epi-drugs targeting ovarian cancer has been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Sarwar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Sadia Sarwar,
| | - Abir Alamro
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazlul Huq
- Eman Research Journal, Eman Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amani Alghamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Glamoclija U, Mahmutovic L, Bilajac E, Soljic V, Vukojevic K, Suljagic M. Metformin and Thymoquinone Synergistically Inhibit Proliferation of Imatinib-Resistant Human Leukemic Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:867133. [PMID: 35496297 PMCID: PMC9043685 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.867133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance is one of the major challenges in cancer treatment, including leukemia. A massive array of research is evaluating combinations of drugs directed against different intracellular signaling molecules to overcome cancer resistance, increase therapy effectiveness, and decrease its adverse effects. Combining chemicals with proven safety profiles, such as drugs already used in therapy and active substances isolated from natural sources, could potentially have superior effects compared to monotherapies. In this study, we evaluated the effects of metformin and thymoquinone (TQ) as monotherapy and combinatorial treatments in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell lines sensitive and resistant to imatinib therapy. The effects were also evaluated in primary monocytic acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Both compounds induced a dose- and time-dependent decrease of viability and proliferation in tested cells. Metformin had similar IC50 values in imatinib-sensitive and imatinib-resistant cell lines. IC50 values of TQ were significantly higher in imatinib-resistant cells, but with a limited resistance index (2.4). Synergistic effects of combinatorial treatments were observed in all tested cell lines, as well as in primary cells. The strongest synergistic effects were observed in the inhibition of imatinib-resistant cell line proliferation. Metformin and TQ inhibited the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling and induced apoptosis in tested cell lines and primary cells. The enhanced effects of combinatorial treatments on the induction of apoptosis were more dominant in imatinib-resistant compared to imatinib-sensitive CML cells. Primary cells were more sensitive to combinatorial treatments compared to cell lines. A combination of 1.25 mM metformin and 0.625 µM TQ increased the levels of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), decreased the levels of proliferation regulatory proteins, and inhibited protein kinase B (Akt) and NF-κB signaling in primary CLL cells. This study demonstrates that combinatorial treatments of imatinib-resistant malignant clones with metformin and TQ by complementary intracellular multi-targeting represents a promising approach in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Una Glamoclija
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis, University of Sarajevo-Faculty of Pharmacy, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Scientific Research Unit, Bosnalijek JSC, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Lejla Mahmutovic
- Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Esma Bilajac
- Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Violeta Soljic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Katarina Vukojevic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Mirza Suljagic
- 3D BioLabs, FabLab Bosnia and Herzegovina, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- *Correspondence: Mirza Suljagic,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Recent Advances in the Genetic of MALT Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010176. [PMID: 35008340 PMCID: PMC8750177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is the most common subtype of marginal zone lymphomas. These B-cell neoplasms may arise from many organs and usually have an indolent behavior. Recurrent chromosomal translocations and cytogenetic alterations are well characterized, some of them being associated to specific sites. Through next-generation sequencing technologies, the mutational landscape of MALT lymphomas has been explored and available data to date show that there are considerable variations in the incidence and spectrum of mutations among MALT lymphoma of different sites. Interestingly, most of these mutations affect several common pathways and some of them are potentially targetable. Gene expression profile and epigenetic studies have also added new information, potentially useful for diagnosis and treatment. This article provides a comprehensive review of the genetic landscape in MALT lymphomas. Abstract Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are a diverse group of lymphoid neoplasms with B-cell origin, occurring in adult patients and usually having an indolent clinical behavior. These lymphomas may arise in different anatomic locations, sharing many clinicopathological characteristics, but also having substantial variances in the aetiology and genetic alterations. Chromosomal translocations are recurrent in MALT lymphomas with different prevalence among different sites, being the 4 most common: t(11;18)(q21;q21), t(1;14)(p22;q32), t(14;18)(q32;q21), and t(3;14)(p14.1;q32). Several chromosomal numerical abnormalities have also been described, but probably represent secondary genetic events. The mutational landscape of MALT lymphomas is wide, and the most frequent mutations are: TNFAIP3, CREBBP, KMT2C, TET2, SPEN, KMT2D, LRP1B, PRDM1, EP300, TNFRSF14, NOTCH1/NOTCH2, and B2M, but many other genes may be involved. Similar to chromosomal translocations, certain mutations are enriched in specific lymphoma types. In the same line, variation in immunoglobulin gene usage is recognized among MALT lymphoma of different anatomic locations. In the last decade, several studies have analyzed the role of microRNA, transcriptomics and epigenetic alterations, further improving our knowledge about the pathogenic mechanisms in MALT lymphoma development. All these advances open the possibility of targeted directed treatment and push forward the concept of precision medicine in MALT lymphomas.
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Introduction: T-cell lymphomas represent a broad group of malignant T-cell neoplasms with marked molecular, clinical, and biologic heterogeneity. Survival rates after conventional chemotherapy regimens are poor for most subtypes and new therapies are needed. Rapidly expanding knowledge in the field of epigenomics and the development of an increasing number of epigenetic-modifying agents have created new opportunities for epigenetic therapies for patients with this complex group of diseases.Areas covered: The present review summarizes current knowledge on epigenetic alterations in T-cell lymphomas, availability, and mechanisms of action of epigenetic-modifying agents, results of clinical trials of epigenetic therapies in T-cell lymphomas, status of FDA approval, and biomarker approaches to guide therapy. Promising future directions are discussed.Expert opinion: Mutations in epigenetic-modifying genes are among the most common genetic alterations in T-cell lymphomas, highlighting the potential for epigenetic therapies to improve management of this group of diseases. Single-agent efficacy is well documented, leading to FDA approval for several indications, but overall response rates and durability of responses remain modest. Critical next steps for the field include optimizing combination therapies that incorporate epigenetic-modifying agents and developing predictive biomarkers that help guide patient and drug selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nada Ahmed
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Andrew L Feldman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu D, Zhang XX, Li MC, Cao CH, Wan DY, Xi BX, Tan JH, Wang J, Yang ZY, Feng XX, Ye F, Chen G, Wu P, Xi L, Wang H, Zhou JF, Feng ZH, Ma D, Gao QL. C/EBPβ enhances platinum resistance of ovarian cancer cells by reprogramming H3K79 methylation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1739. [PMID: 29712898 PMCID: PMC5928165 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a major unmet clinical obstacle in ovarian cancer treatment. Epigenetics plays a pivotal role in regulating the malignant phenotype, and has the potential in developing therapeutically valuable targets that improve the dismal outcome of this disease. Here we show that a series of transcription factors, including C/EBPβ, GCM1, and GATA1, could act as potential modulators of histone methylation in tumor cells. Of note, C/EBPβ, an independent prognostic factor for patients with ovarian cancer, mediates an important mechanism through which epigenetic enzyme modifies groups of functionally related genes in a context-dependent manner. By recruiting the methyltransferase DOT1L, C/EBPβ can maintain an open chromatin state by H3K79 methylation of multiple drug-resistance genes, thereby augmenting the chemoresistance of tumor cells. Therefore, we propose a new path against cancer epigenetics in which identifying and targeting the key regulators of epigenetics such as C/EBPβ may provide more precise therapeutic options in ovarian cancer. In ovarian cancer, the mechanism of chemoresistance is a key question. Here, the authors demonstrate that C/EBPβ and DOT1L together increase methylation of H3K79, which upregulates expression of oncogenic genes and drives poor platinum response and poor survival in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xue Zhang
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Chen Li
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Can-Hui Cao
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Yi Wan
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Xin Xi
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Hong Tan
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Wang
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Yuan Yang
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Xia Feng
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ye
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Xi
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Feng Zhou
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuo-Hua Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Ma
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Lei Gao
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Özdemir İ, Pınarlı FG, Pınarlı FA, Aksakal FNB, Okur A, Uyar Göçün P, Karadeniz C. Epigenetic silencing of the tumor suppressor genes SPI1, PRDX2, KLF4, DLEC1, and DAPK1 in childhood and adolescent lymphomas. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2018; 35:131-144. [PMID: 30020823 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2018.1467986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the expression and methylation status of seven distinctive genes with tumor suppressing properties in childhood and adolescent lymphomas. A total of 96 patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL, n = 41), Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL, n = 15), and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH, n = 40, as controls) are included in the research. The expression status of CDKN2A, SPI1, PRDX2, DLEC1, FOXO1, KLF4 and DAPK1 genes were measured with QPCR method after the RNA isolation from paraffin blocks of tumor tissue and cDNA conversion. DNA isolation was performed from samples with low gene expression followed by methylation PCR study specific to promoter regions of these genes. We found that SPI1, PRDX2, DLEC1, KLF4, and DAPK1 genes are significantly less expressed in patient than the control group (p = 0.0001). However, expression of CDKNA2 and FOXO1 genes in the patient and control groups were not statistically different. The methylation ratios of all genes excluding the CDKN2A and FOXO1 were significantly higher in the HL and NHL groups than the controls (p = 0.0001). We showed that SPI1, PRDX2, DLEC1, KLF4 and DAPK1 genes are epigenetically silenced via hypermethylation in the tumor tissues of children with HL and NHL. As CDKN2A gene was not expressed in both patient and control groups, we conclude that it is not specific to malignancy. As FOXO1 gene was similarly expressed in both groups, its relationship with malignancy could not be established. The epigenetically silenced genes may be candidates for biomarkers or therapeutic targets in childhood and adolescent lymphomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İhsan Özdemir
- a Department of Pediatrics , Gazi University Medical Faculty , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Faruk Güçlü Pınarlı
- b Department of Pediatric Oncology , Gazi University Medical Faculty , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ferda Alpaslan Pınarlı
- c Center of Cell Research and Genetic Diagnosis, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Research Hospital , Health Sciences University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - F Nur Baran Aksakal
- d Department of Public Health , Gazi University Medical Faculty , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Arzu Okur
- b Department of Pediatric Oncology , Gazi University Medical Faculty , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Pınar Uyar Göçün
- e Department of Pathology , Gazi University Medical Faculty , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ceyda Karadeniz
- b Department of Pediatric Oncology , Gazi University Medical Faculty , Ankara , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gaudio E, Tarantelli C, Ponzoni M, Odore E, Rezai K, Bernasconi E, Cascione L, Rinaldi A, Stathis A, Riveiro E, Cvitkovic E, Zucca E, Bertoni F. Bromodomain inhibitor OTX015 (MK-8628) combined with targeted agents shows strong in vivo antitumor activity in lymphoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:58142-58147. [PMID: 27494885 PMCID: PMC5295419 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The bromodomain inhibitor OTX015 (MK-8628) has shown anti-lymphoma activity as a single agent in both the preclinical and clinical settings, as well as in vitro synergism with several anticancer agents. Here, we report in vivo data for OTX015 in combination with the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat, the Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib, the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab, and the mTOR inhibitor everolimus in a diffuse large B cell lymphoma model. The antitumor effect of OTX015-containing combinations in SU-DHL-2 xenografts in mice was much stronger than the activity of the corresponding single agents with almost complete tumor eradication for all four combinations. Pharmacokinetic analyses showed similar OTX015 levels in plasma and tumor samples of approximately 1.5 μM, which is equivalent to the concentration showing strong in vitro activity. For all four combinations, mean terminal levels of the bromodomain inhibitor differed from those in mice exposed to single agent OTX015, indicating a need for thorough pharmacokinetic investigations in phase I combination studies. In conclusion, our results provide a strong rationale to explore OTX015-containing combinations in the clinical lymphoma setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Gaudio
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Tarantelli
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Elodie Odore
- Institut Curie, Hôpital René Huguenin, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Keyvan Rezai
- Institut Curie, Hôpital René Huguenin, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Elena Bernasconi
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Cascione
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Anastasios Stathis
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Emanuele Zucca
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Whittaker S. Global Patterns of Methylation in Sézary Syndrome Provide Insight into the Role of Epigenetics in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 136:1753-1754. [PMID: 27542296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.05.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
van Doorn et al. have defined the DNA methylomes of Sézary cells based on a genome-wide methylation analysis using the Illumina 450K array platform (Illumina, San Diego, CA). Their results show aberrant DNA methylation patterns in CD4-enriched T cells from peripheral blood samples, patterns that are distinct from those of patients with inflammatory erythroderma and from healthy volunteers. Whereas 7.8% of 473,921 5'-cytosine-phosphate-guanine-3' (CpG) sites were hypomethylated, 3.2% showed marked enrichment and selection for hypermethylated CpG sites within the proximal region of gene promoters, including some genes that have previously been shown to be hypermethylated in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs), using standard bisulfite modification techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Whittaker
- St Johns Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ding H, Peterson KL, Correia C, Koh B, Schneider PA, Nowakowski GS, Kaufmann SH. Histone deacetylase inhibitors interrupt HSP90•RASGRP1 and HSP90•CRAF interactions to upregulate BIM and circumvent drug resistance in lymphoma cells. Leukemia 2016; 31:1593-1602. [PMID: 27890930 PMCID: PMC5474223 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, which are approved for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma, are undergoing evaluation in other lymphoid neoplasms. How they kill susceptible cells is incompletely understood. Here we show that trichostatin A, romidepsin, and panobinostat induce apoptosis across a panel of malignant B cell lines, including lines that are intrinsically resistant to bortezomib, etoposide, cytarabine, and BH3 mimetics. Further analysis traces the pro-apoptotic effects of HDAC inhibitors to increased acetylation of the chaperone heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), causing release and degradation of the HSP90 client proteins RASGRP1 and CRAF, which in turn leads to downregulation of mitogen activated protein kinase pathway signaling and upregulation of the pro-apoptotic BCL2 family member BIM in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, these pro-apoptotic effects are mimicked by RASGRP1 siRNA or HSP90 inhibition and reversed by overexpression of constitutively active MEK1 or siRNA-mediated downregulation of BIM. Collectively, these observations not only identify a new HSP90 client protein, RASGRP1, but also delineate a complete signaling pathway from HSP90 acetylation through RASGRP1 and CRAF degradation to BIM upregulation that contributes to selective cytotoxicity of HDAC inhibitors in lymphoid malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Ding
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - K L Peterson
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C Correia
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - B Koh
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - P A Schneider
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - G S Nowakowski
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S H Kaufmann
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao H, Ning S, Scicinski J, Oronsky B, Knox SJ, Peehl DM. Epigenetic effects of RRx-001: a possible unifying mechanism of anticancer activity. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43172-81. [PMID: 26657731 PMCID: PMC4791224 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RRx-001 is a novel aerospace-derived compound currently under investigation in several ongoing Phase II studies. In a Phase I trial, it demonstrated anti-cancer activity and evidence of resensitization to formerly effective therapies in heavily pre-treated patients with relapsed/refractory solid tumors. RRx-001 generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) and nitric oxide (NO), elicits changes in intracellular redox status, modulates tumor blood flow, hypoxia and vascular function and triggers apoptosis in cancer cells. We investigated the effect of RRx-001 on the epigenome of SCC VII cancer cells. RRx-001 at 0.5 and 2 μM significantly decreased global DNA methylation, i.e., 5-methylcytosine levels, in SCC VII cells. Consistently, 0.5-5 μM RRx-001 significantly decreased Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a protein expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, global methylation profiling identified differentially methylated genes in SCC VII cells treated with 0.5, 2, and 5 μM RRx-001 compared to control cells. Twenty-three target sites were hypomethylated and 22 hypermethylated by >10% in the presence of at least two different concentrations of RRx-001. Moreover, RRx-001 at 2 μM significantly increased global acetylated histone H3 and H4 levels in SCC VII cells after 24 hour treatment, suggesting that RRx-001 regulates global acetylation in cancer cells. These results demonstrate that, in contrast to the traditional "one drug one target" paradigm, RRx-001 has multi(epi)target features, which contribute to its anti-cancer activity and may rationalize the resensitization to previously effective therapies observed in clinical trials and serve as a unifying mechanism for its anticancer activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Zhao
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shoucheng Ning
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Susan J Knox
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Donna M Peehl
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|