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Zouhal H, Berro AJ, Maliha E, Khalil N, El Khoury G, Jayavel A, Laziri F, Saeidi A, Laher I, El Hage R. Team sports practice and bone health: A systematic review and meta- analysis. J Clin Densitom 2024; 27:101508. [PMID: 39068702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2024.101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to explore the effects of team sports practice on bone health indices in adults engaged in team sports. The secondary aim was to investigate the osteogenic effects of each type of team sport. This systematic literature search was conducted using common electronic databases from inception in June 2023, using key terms (and synonyms searched for by the MeSH database) that were combined using the operators "AND", "OR", "NOT": (``men'' OR ``man'' OR ``women'' OR ``woman'') AND (``bone mineral density'' OR ``BMD'' OR ``bone mineral content'' OR ``BMC'' OR ``peak bone mass'' OR ``mechanical loading'' OR ``osteoporosis'' OR ``bone geometry'' OR ``bone resistance'') AND (``team sport'' OR ``sport'' OR rugby OR basketball OR volleyball OR handball OR soccer OR football OR ``players''). After screening, 16 studies were included in the final analysis (5 continents, 2740 participants). The training duration lasted 1 to 13 years. Team sport training had a moderate impact on whole body bone mineral density (WB BMD) (1.07 SMD; 95 % [0.77, 1.37], p < 0.00) but a more significant impact on whole body bone mineral content (WB BMC) (1.3 SMD; 95 % [0.81, 1.79], p < 0.00). Subgroup analyses indicated that rugby training had a moderate but non-significant impact on WB BMD (1.19 SMD; 95 % [-0.13, 2.52], p = 0.08) but a greater impact on WB BMC (2.12 SMD; 95 % [0.84, 3.39], p < 0.00); basketball training had a moderate but significant impact on WB BMD (1 SMD; 95 % [0.35, 1.64], p < 0.00) and a trivial non-significant impact on WB BMC (0.18 SMD; 95 % [-1.09, 1.46], p = 0.78); volleyball training had a moderate but non-significant impact on WB BMD (0.63 SMD; 95 % [-0.22, 1.49], p = 0.15) and a significant impact on WB BMC (2.39 SMD; 95 % [1.45, 3.33], p < 0.00). Handball training produced a moderate significant impact on WB BMD (1.02 SMD; 95 % [0.33, 1.71], p < 0.00) and WB BMC (0.97 SMD; 95 % [0.47, 1.48], p < 0.00), and soccer training led to moderate but significant effects on WB BMD (1.16 SMD; 95 % [0.88, 1.44], p < 0.00) and a large effect on WB BMC (1.34 SMD; 95 % [0.92, 1.77], p < 0.00). Rugby training was associated with a higher WB BMC compared to basketball training (p = 0.03). Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that team sports, such as rugby, basketball, volleyball, handball and soccer have moderate to large effects on WB BMD and WB BMC. Specifically, our findings indicate that handball and soccer enhance WB BMD and WB BMC, whereas rugby only increases WB BMC. There is currently insufficient evidence indicating the superiority of any type of sport training that improves bone health in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassane Zouhal
- University of Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé) - EA 1274, F-35000 Rennes, France; Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), 35850 Irodouer, France
| | - Abdel-Jalil Berro
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, PO Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Elie Maliha
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, PO Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Nour Khalil
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, PO Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Gisèle El Khoury
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, PO Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Ayyappan Jayavel
- SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, India
| | - Fatiha Laziri
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Environnement et Santé Equipe Santé Humaine et Environnement Faculté des Sciences de Université Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Morocco
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rawad El Hage
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, PO Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon.
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Cui A, Yan J, Zeng Y, Shi B, Cheng L, Deng H, Wei X, Zhuang Y. Association between composite dietary antioxidant and bone mineral density in children and adolescents aged 8-19 years: findings from NHANES. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15849. [PMID: 38982172 PMCID: PMC11233598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66859-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary antioxidants may have beneficial effects on bone health, but it remains uncertain in children and adolescents. This study investigates the association of composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) with bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents aged 8-19 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010. The study assessed the relationship between CDAI and BMD in 2994 individuals aged 8-19 years (average age 13.48 ± 3.32 years) from the NHANES 2007-2010. Multivariate linear regression analyses were utilized to detect the association between CDAI and total spine, femur neck, and total femur BMD, adjusting for confounders including age, race/ethnicity, sex, poverty income ratio (PIR), body mass index (BMI), serum phosphorus and calcium. Stratified analyses and interaction tests were performed to examine the stability of the results. The weighted characteristics showed that subjects in the fourth CDAI quartile were more likely to be older, men, and Non-Hispanic White. They have higher values of serum total calcium and phosphorus. After adjusting all confounders, CDAI was positively associated with the total spine (β = 0.0031 95% CI 0.0021-0.0040), total femur (β = 0.0039 95% CI 0.0028-0.0049), and femur neck BMD (β = 0.0031 95% CI 0.0021-0.0040) in children and adolescents. Furthermore, we found no interaction effects between different race/ethnicity, age, and sex groups. Our findings suggest that dietary intake of multiple antioxidants was positively associated with BMD in children and adolescents. These findings provide valuable evidence for improving bone health in the early stages of life. However, more prospective studies are required to validate our findings and their causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyong Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Juan Yan
- Department of Medical Services Section, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shen'zhen, 518107, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Baoqiang Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Hongli Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China.
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China.
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China.
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Tan BB, Schwartz NE, Copes LE, Garland T. Effects of long-term voluntary wheel running and selective breeding for wheel running on femoral nutrient canals. J Anat 2024; 244:1015-1029. [PMID: 38303650 PMCID: PMC11095308 DOI: 10.1111/joa.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The nutrient artery provides ~50%-70% of the total blood volume to long bones in mammals. Studying the functional characteristics of this artery in vivo can be difficult and expensive, so most researchers have measured the nutrient foramen, an opening on the outer surface of the bone that served as the entry point for the nutrient artery during development and bone ossification. Others have measured the nutrient canal (i.e., the passage which the nutrient artery once occupied), given that the external dimensions of the foramen do not necessarily remain uniform from the periosteal surface to the medullary cavity. The nutrient canal, as an indicator of blood flow to long bones, has been proposed to provide a link to studying organismal activity (e.g., locomotor behavior) from skeletal morphology. However, although external loading from movement and activity causes skeletal remodeling, it is unclear whether it affects the size or configuration of nutrient canals. To investigate whether nutrient canals can exhibit phenotypic plasticity in response to physical activity, we studied a mouse model in which four replicate high runner (HR) lines have been selectively bred for high voluntary wheel-running behavior. The selection criterion is the average number of wheel revolutions on days 5 and 6 of a 6-day period of wheel access as young adults (~6-8 weeks old). An additional four lines are bred without selection to serve as controls (C). For this study, 100 female mice (half HR, half C) from generation 57 were split into an active group housed with wheels and a sedentary group housed without wheels for 12 weeks starting at ~24 days of age. Femurs were collected, soft tissues were removed, and femora were micro-computed tomography scanned at a resolution of 12 μm. We then imported these scans into AMIRA and created 3D models of femoral nutrient canals. We tested for evolved differences in various nutrient canal traits between HR and C mice, plastic changes resulting from chronic exercise, and the selection history-by-exercise interaction. We found few differences between the nutrient canals of HR versus C mice, or between the active and sedentary groups. We did find an interaction between selection history and voluntary exercise for the total number of nutrient canals per femur, in which wheel access increased the number of canals in C mice but decreased it in HR mice. Our results do not match those from an earlier study, conducted at generation 11, which was prior to the HR lines reaching selection limits for wheel running. The previous study found that mice from the HR lines had significantly larger total canal cross-sectional areas compared to those from C lines. However, this discrepancy is consistent with studies of other skeletal traits, which have found differences between HR and C mice to be somewhat inconsistent across generations, including the loss of some apparent adaptations with continued selective breeding after reaching a selection limit for wheel-running behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon B Tan
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Nicole E Schwartz
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Lynn E Copes
- Department of Medical Sciences, Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, Connecticut, USA
| | - Theodore Garland
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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Yu S, Tang Q, Lu X, Chen G, Xie M, Yang J, Yin Y, Zheng W, Wang J, Han Y, Zhang L, Chen L. Time of exercise differentially impacts bone growth in mice. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1036-1052. [PMID: 38806654 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Although physical training has been shown to improve bone mass, the time of day to exercise for optimal bone growth remains uncertain. Here we show that engaging in physical activity during the early active phase, as opposed to the subsequent active or rest phase, results in a more substantial increase in bone length of male and female mice. Transcriptomic and metabolomic methodologies identify that exercise during the early active phase significantly upregulates genes associated with bone development and metabolism. Notably, oxidative phosphorylation-related genes show a rhythmic expression in the chondrification centre, with a peak at the early active phase, when more rhythmic genes in bone metabolism are expressed and bone growth is synergistically promoted by affecting oxidative phosphorylation, which is confirmed by subsequent pharmacological investigations. Finally, we construct a signalling network to predict the impact of exercise on bone growth. Collectively, our research sheds light on the intricacies of human exercise physiology, offering valuable implications for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoling Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengru Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingxi Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunyun Han
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Luoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China.
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Cui A, Xiao P, Wei X, Wen H, Liang S, Wang P, He J, Zhuang Y. Associations Between Serum Selenium and Bone Mineral Density in 8-19-year-old children and adolescents: NHANES 2013-2018. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1928-1936. [PMID: 37606880 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The peak bone mass (PBM) in puberty has been proven to be a critical determinant of osteoporosis and brittle fractures in the elderly. Selenium is an essential trace element that could influence bone metabolism in our bodies. However, no study has investigated the impact of selenium status on bone mineral density (BMD) among children and adolescents. This was a cross-section study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the USA involving participants aged 8-19 years. We conducted multiple linear regression models to assess the relationship between selenium status and BMD among children and adolescents, and then stratified analyses were performed according to genders and races. Smooth curve fits and two-piecewise linear regression models were conducted to explore their nonlinear relationship. A total of 4570 participants (2338 boys and 2232 girls) were included in the present study, with a mean age of 13.57 ± 3.41 years. In the multivariable adjustment model, serum selenium was positively associated with lumbar spine BMD (β = 0.021 95% CI: 0.008, 0.034, P = 0.001). The dose-response analyses indicated a non-linear inverted U-shaped relationship between serum selenium and lumbar spine BMD. Lower and higher selenium concentrations were related to decreased BMD, and the inflection point of serum selenium was 2.60 umol/L. The inverted U-shaped association was also observed in females (inflection point: 2.49 umol/L), males (inflection point: 2.65 umol/L), Non-Hispanic White (inflection point: 2.50 umol/L), Non-Hispanic Black (inflection point: 2.50 umol/L), and other races (Including multi-racial) (inflection point: 2.81 umol/L). Our study first shows a non-linear inversed U-shaped association between selenium status and BMD among children and adolescents. The proper selenium status will benefit bone health in children and adolescents. More research is still required to verify our findings and their potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyong Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Peilun Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Hongquan Wen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Shaobo Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China.
| | - Jing He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China.
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China.
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Bermudez B, Brown KC, Vahidi G, Ferreira Ruble AC, Heveran CM, Ackert-Bicknell CL, Sherk VD. Sex-specific effects of Fat-1 transgene on bone material properties, size, and shape in mice. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziad011. [PMID: 38523667 PMCID: PMC10958611 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 10/20/2024] [Accepted: 11/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Western diets are becoming increasingly common around the world. Western diets have high omega 6 (ω-6) and omega 3 (ω-3) fatty acids and are linked to bone loss in humans and animals. Dietary fats are not created equal; therefore, it is vital to understand the effects of specific dietary fats on bone. We aimed to determine how altering the endogenous ratios of ω-6:ω-3 fatty acids impacts bone accrual, strength, and fracture toughness. To accomplish this, we used the Fat-1 transgenic mice, which carry a gene responsible for encoding a ω-3 fatty acid desaturase that converts ω-6 to ω-3 fatty acids. Male and female Fat-1 positive mice (Fat-1) and Fat-1 negative littermates (WT) were given either a high-fat diet (HFD) or low-fat diet (LFD) at 4 wk of age for 16 wk. The Fat-1 transgene reduced fracture toughness in males. Additionally, male BMD, measured from DXA, decreased over the diet duration for HFD mice. In males, neither HFD feeding nor the presence of the Fat-1 transgene impacted cortical geometry, trabecular architecture, or whole-bone flexural properties, as detected by main group effects. In females, Fat-1-LFD mice experienced increases in BMD compared to WT-LFD mice; however, cortical area, distal femur trabecular thickness, and cortical stiffness were reduced in Fat-1 mice compared to pooled WT controls. However, reductions in stiffness were caused by a decrease in bone size and were not driven by changes in material properties. Together, these results demonstrate that the endogenous ω-6:ω-3 fatty acid ratio influences bone material properties in a sex-dependent manner. In addition, Fat-1 mediated fatty acid conversion was not able to mitigate the adverse effects of HFD on bone strength and accrual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Bermudez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, United States
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Kenna C Brown
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States
| | - Ghazal Vahidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States
| | - Ana C Ferreira Ruble
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Chelsea M Heveran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States
| | - Cheryl L Ackert-Bicknell
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Vanessa D Sherk
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
- Center for Scientific Review, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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Bezerra A, Boppre G, Freitas L, Battista F, Duregon F, Faggian S, Busetto L, Ermolao A, Fonseca H. Body Composition Changes in Adolescents Who Underwent Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:107-120. [PMID: 38172484 PMCID: PMC10933211 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review and meta-analysis is to characterize the changes in body composition of children and adolescents who underwent bariatric surgery and identify possible negative effects of performing this procedure during pediatric ages. RECENT FINDINGS Bariatric surgery in children and adolescents is an emerging strategy to promote higher and faster body weight and fat mass losses. However, possible negative effects usually observed in surgical patients' muscle-skeletal system raise a major concern perform this intervention during growth. Despite these possible issues, most experimental studies and reviews analyze bariatric surgery's effectiveness only by assessing anthropometric outcomes such as body weight and BMI, disregarding the short- and long-term impact of bariatric surgery on all body composition outcomes. Bariatric surgery is effective to reduce fat mass in adolescents, as well as body weight, waist circumference, and BMI. Significant reduction in lean mass and fat-free mass is also observed. Bone mass seems not to be impaired. All outcomes reduction were observed only in the first 12 months after surgery. Sensitivity analysis suggests possible sex and type of surgery-related differences, favoring a higher fat mass, body weight, and BMI losses in boys and in patients who underwent RYGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Bezerra
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Giorjines Boppre
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Human Motricity Research Center, University Adventista, Chillean, Chile
| | - Laura Freitas
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Francesca Battista
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Federica Duregon
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Faggian
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Busetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Ermolao
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Clinical Network of Sports and Exercise Medicine of the Veneto Region, Padova, Italy
| | - Hélder Fonseca
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
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8
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Rodrick E, Kindler JM. Bone mass accrual in children. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2024; 31:53-59. [PMID: 38010050 PMCID: PMC11015822 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone accrual during childhood and adolescence is critical for the attainment of peak bone mass and is a major contributing factor towards osteoporosis in later life. Bone mass accrual is influenced by nonmodifiable factors, such as genetics, sex, race, ethnicity, and puberty, as well as modifiable factors, such as physical activity and diet. Recent progress in bone imaging has allowed clinicians and researchers to better measure the morphology, density, and strength of the growing skeleton, thereby encompassing key characteristics of peak bone strength. In this review, the patterning of bone accrual and contributors to these changes will be described, as well as new techniques assessing bone mass and strength in pediatric research and clinical settings. RECENT FINDINGS This review discusses factors influencing peak bone mass attainment and techniques used to assess the human skeleton. SUMMARY The rate of bone accrual and the magnitude of peak bone mass attainment occurs in specific patterns varying by sex, race, ethnicity, longitudinal growth, and body composition. Physical activity, diet, and nutritional status impact these processes. There is a need for longitudinal studies utilizing novel imaging modalities to unveil factors involved in the attainment and maintenance of peak bone strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Rodrick
- University of Georgia, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Berro AJ, El Hawly W, El Khoury G, El Hage Z, Jayavel A, Saeidi A, Laher I, Pinti A, Bassim Y, Hackney AC, Granacher U, Zouhal H, El Hage R. Effects of the Type of Exercise Training on Bone Health Parameters in Adolescent Girls: A Systematic Review. J Clin Densitom 2024; 27:101454. [PMID: 38052114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2023.101454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Interventional studies offer strong evidence for exercise's osteogenic impact on bone particularly during growth. With rising osteoporosis rates in older women, enhancing bone strength early in life is crucial. Thus, investigating the osteogenic effects of different types of physical activities in young females is crucial. Despite varied findings, only two systematic reviews tried to explore this topic without examining how different types of exercise may affect bone health in adolescent girls. The first aim of this systematic review was to assess the impact of exercise training on bone health parameters in adolescent girls, and the second aim was to investigate whether the type of exercise training can modulate this effect. A systematic literature search was conducted using common electronic databases from inception - January 2023. Seven studies (355 participants) were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. Two studies dealt with resistance training, 3 studies applied plyometric training, 1 study used team sports, and 1 study used dancing. Results indicate that plyometric training increases lumbar spine bone mass in adolescent girls. Well-designed randomized controlled trials with a proper training period (> 12 weeks) are needed to advocate a specific type of training which has the highest osteogenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Jalil Berro
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, PO Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Wassim El Hawly
- Laboratoire Mouvement, Equilibre, Performance, Santé (MEPS), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Campus Montaury, Anglet 64600, France
| | - Gisèle El Khoury
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, PO Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Zaher El Hage
- Department of Psychology, Education and Physical Education, Faculty of Humanities, Notre Dame University, Louaize, Lebanon
| | - Ayyappan Jayavel
- SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur Kanchipuram, India
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Antonio Pinti
- Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, INSA Hauts-de-France, LARSH - Laboratoire de Recherche, Sociétés & Humanités, Valenciennes F-59313, France
| | | | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Urs Granacher
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- University Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé) - EA 1274, Rennes F-35000, France; Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2IS), Irodouer 35850, France
| | - Rawad El Hage
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, PO Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon.
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10
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Turżańska K, Tomczyk-Warunek A, Dobrzyński M, Jarzębski M, Patryn R, Niezbecka-Zając J, Wojciechowska M, Mela A, Zarębska-Mróz A. Strontium Ranelate and Strontium Chloride Supplementation Influence on Bone Microarchitecture and Bone Turnover Markers-A Preliminary Study. Nutrients 2023; 16:91. [PMID: 38201922 PMCID: PMC10781151 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite strontium ranelate use in osteoporosis management being one of the promising concepts in disease treatment, there is no clear evidence that strontium organic compounds are more effective than inorganic ones. The aim of this study was to compare strontium chlorate and strontium ranelate influence on the mice bone microarchitecture. We investigated whether strontium chlorate (7.532 mmol/L) and strontium ranelate (7.78 mmol/L) solutions fed to healthy SWISS growing mice (n = 42) had an influence on the percent of bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), number of trabeculae (Tb.N), and separation between each trabecula (Tb.Sp) in the chosen ROI (region of interest) in the distal metaphysis of the left femurs. The cortical bone surface was examined close to the ROI proximal scan. There was an increase in each examined parameter compared with the control group. There were no statistical differences between strontium ranelate and strontium chlorate parameters. Our study indicates that organic and inorganic strontium compounds similarly affect the bone microarchitecture and strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Turżańska
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopaedics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (K.T.); (J.N.-Z.); (A.Z.-M.)
| | - Agnieszka Tomczyk-Warunek
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopaedics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (K.T.); (J.N.-Z.); (A.Z.-M.)
| | - Maciej Dobrzyński
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Maciej Jarzębski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Rafał Patryn
- Department of Humanities and Social Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 7, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Niezbecka-Zając
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopaedics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (K.T.); (J.N.-Z.); (A.Z.-M.)
| | - Monika Wojciechowska
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Aneta Mela
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Aneta Zarębska-Mróz
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopaedics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (K.T.); (J.N.-Z.); (A.Z.-M.)
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11
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Akhiiarova K, Khusainova R, Minniakhmetov I, Mokrysheva N, Tyurin A. Peak Bone Mass Formation: Modern View of the Problem. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2982. [PMID: 38001982 PMCID: PMC10669090 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Peak bone mass is the amount of bone tissue that is formed when a stable skeletal state is achieved at a young age. To date, there are no established peak bone mass standards nor clear data on the age at which peak bone mass occurs. At the same time, the level of peak bone mass at a young age is an important predictor of the onset of primary osteoporosis. The purpose of this review is to analyze the results of studies of levels of peak bone mass in general, the age of its onset, as well as factors influencing its formation. Factors such as hormonal levels, body composition, physical activity, nutrition, heredity, smoking, lifestyle, prenatal predictors, intestinal microbiota, and vitamin and micronutrient status were considered, and a comprehensive scheme of the influence of these factors on the level of peak bone mass was created. Determining the standards and timing of the formation of peak bone mass, and the factors affecting it, will help in the development of measures to prevent its shortage and the consequent prevention of osteoporosis and concomitant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Akhiiarova
- Internal Medicine Department, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia;
| | - Rita Khusainova
- Medical Genetics Department, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia;
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Dmitriya Ulianova Street, 11, 117036 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Ildar Minniakhmetov
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Dmitriya Ulianova Street, 11, 117036 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Natalia Mokrysheva
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Dmitriya Ulianova Street, 11, 117036 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Anton Tyurin
- Internal Medicine Department, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia;
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12
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Otsuka H, Tabata H, Shi H, Sugimoto M, Kaga H, Someya Y, Naito H, Ito N, Abudurezake A, Umemura F, Tajima T, Kakehi S, Yoshizawa Y, Ishijima M, Kawamori R, Watada H, Tamura Y. Playing basketball and volleyball during adolescence is associated with higher bone mineral density in old age: the Bunkyo Health Study. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1227639. [PMID: 37900955 PMCID: PMC10602637 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1227639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Exercise is beneficial for increasing areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in adolescence and maintaining it in old age. Moreover, high-impact sports are more effective than low-impact sports in increasing aBMD. This study aimed to determine the types of adolescent sports played in school-based sports clubs associated with aBMD in old age. Methods: In total, 1,596 older adults (681 men and 915 women, age: 65-84 years) living in an urban area of Japan were evaluated for the femoral neck and lumbar spine aBMD using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The association between adolescent sports played in sports clubs and aBMD in old age was analyzed using multiple regression analysis, with femoral neck and lumbar spine aBMD as dependent variables, and sports type and participant characteristics such as age, body weight, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level, as independent variables. Results: For the femoral neck, basketball was associated with aBMD in older men (β = 0.079, p < 0.05) and women (β = 0.08, p < 0.01), whereas current body weight and 25(OH)D level were associated with aBMD in both sexes. For the lumbar spine, volleyball (β = 0.08, p < 0.01) and swimming (β = 0.06, p < 0.05) was significantly associated with lumbar spine aBMD, whereas current body weight, 25(OH)D, and diabetes mellitus were associated with aBMD in older women. Conclusion: Both men and women who played basketball in adolescence had higher femoral neck aBMD in old age. Moreover, women who played volleyball in adolescence had higher lumbar spine aBMD in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Otsuka
- Sportology Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sportology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tabata
- Sportology Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Huicong Shi
- Sportology Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sportology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Sugimoto
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sportology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Kaga
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Someya
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Naito
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoaki Ito
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Abulaiti Abudurezake
- Sportology Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Futaba Umemura
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sportology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Tajima
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Kakehi
- Sportology Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Yoshizawa
- Department of Healthy Life Expectancy, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Muneaki Ishijima
- Sportology Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sportology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Kawamori
- Sportology Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sportology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Sportology Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Tamura
- Sportology Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sportology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Healthy Life Expectancy, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Gao H, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Wang Z, Yan K, Gao B, Zhang L. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Multiple Exercise-Regulated Bone Homeostasis. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1555-1582. [PMID: 37196112 PMCID: PMC10529750 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a tissue that is active throughout the lifespan, and its physiological activities, such as growth, development, absorption, and formation, are always ongoing. All types of stimulation that occur in sports play an important role in regulating the physiological activities of bone. Here, we track the latest research progress locally and abroad, summarize the recent, relevant research results, and systematically summarize the effects of different types of exercise on bone mass, bone strength and bone metabolism. We found that different types of exercise have different effects on bone health due to their unique technical characteristics. Oxidative stress is an important mechanism mediating the exercise regulation of bone homeostasis. Excessive high-intensity exercise does not benefit bone health but induces a high level of oxidative stress in the body, which has a negative impact on bone tissue. Regular moderate exercise can improve the body's antioxidant defense ability, inhibit an excessive oxidative stress response, promote the positive balance of bone metabolism, delay age-related bone loss and deterioration of bone microstructures and have a prevention and treatment effect on osteoporosis caused by many factors. Based on the above findings, we provide evidence for the role of exercise in the prevention and treatment of bone diseases. This study provides a systematic basis for clinicians and professionals to reasonably formulate exercise prescriptions and provides exercise guidance for patients and the general public. This study also provides a reference for follow-up research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Gao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilong Zhao
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhikun Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Yan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- College of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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14
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Li W, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Chen W, Lv H, Zhang Y. A risk prediction model for postoperative recovery of closed calcaneal fracture: a retrospective study. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:612. [PMID: 37608314 PMCID: PMC10463340 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the risk factors for postoperative recovery of closed calcaneal fracture and develop a prediction model. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled patients with closed calcaneal fracture from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2020. Patients treated from 2017 to 2019 were selected as a training cohort and those in 2020 as a validation cohort. The outcome variable was the postoperative recovery evaluated by the Creighton-Nebraska calcaneal fracture scoring system. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors of postoperative recovery. A risk prediction model was constructed in the training cohort and the corresponding nomogram was drawn. The model was validated internally using bootstrapping and externally by calculating the performance in the validation cohort. RESULTS A total of 659 patients with closed calcaneal fracture met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which were divided into the training cohort (n = 509) and the validation cohort (n = 150). 540 cases (81.9%) patients recovered well after calcaneal fracture surgery. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, female (OR = 2.525, 95% CI 1.283-4.969), > 60 years (OR = 6.644, 95% CI 1.243-35.522), surgery within 8-14 days after fracture (OR = 2.172, 95% CI 1.259-3.745), postoperative infection (OR = 4.613, 95% CI 1.382-15.393), and weight-bearing time longer than 3 months after surgery (4-6 months, OR = 2.885, 95% CI 1.696-4.907; 7-12 months, OR = 3.030, 95% CI 1.212-7.578; > 12 months, OR = 15.589, 95% CI 3.244-74.912) were independent risk factors for postoperative recovery of calcaneal fractures. The C-indices were 0.750(95% CI 0.692-0.808) in the training cohort and 0.688(95% CI 0.571-0.804) in the external validation cohort, and the C-index of internal validation was 0.715. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed good fitting of the model (all P > 0.05), which was consistent with the results of the calibration plots. Decision Curve Analysis indicated that the clinical effectiveness was the best when the threshold probability was between 0.10 and 0.45. CONCLUSIONS Patients with female, > 60 years, surgery within 8-14 days after fracture, postoperative infection, and weight-bearing time longer than 3 months after surgery are more likely to have poor postoperative recovery. The risk prediction of fracture patients through this model might be translated into clinical guidance and application. Trial registration This study was registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration number: ChiCTR-EPR-15005878).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Hebei Orthopaedic Research Institute, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051 China
| | - Yan Wang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Hebei Orthopaedic Research Institute, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051 China
| | - Zenglei Zhang
- Rehabilitation Center, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051 China
| | - Wei Chen
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Hebei Orthopaedic Research Institute, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051 China
- Trauma Emergency Center, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051 China
| | - Hongzhi Lv
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Hebei Orthopaedic Research Institute, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051 China
- Trauma Emergency Center, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051 China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Hebei Orthopaedic Research Institute, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051 China
- Trauma Emergency Center, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051 China
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15
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Cui A, Xiao P, He J, Fan Z, Xie M, Chen L, Zhuang Y, Wang H. Association between caffeine consumption and bone mineral density in children and adolescent: Observational and Mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287756. [PMID: 37384670 PMCID: PMC10309635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coffee is the most commonly consumed beverage among children and adolescences. Caffeine was demonstrated to be associated with bone metabolism. However, the relationship between caffeine intake and BMD in children and adolescents remains unclear. This study aimed to identified relationship between caffeine consumption and bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents. METHODS Based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we conducted an epidemiological cross-section study to measure the relationship between caffeine consumption and BMD in children and adolescents by multivariate linear regression models. Then, five methods of Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to estimate their causal relationship between coffee and caffeine intake and BMD in children and adolescents. MR-Egger and inverse-variance weighted (IVW) were used to evaluate the heterogeneity effect of instrumental variables (IVs). RESULTS In epidemiological studies, individuals with the highest quartile of caffeine intake do not have a significant change in femur neck BMD (β = 0.0016, 95% CI: -0.0096, 0.0129, P = 0.7747), total femur BMD (β = 0.0019, P = 0.7552), and total spine BMD (β = 0.0081, P = 0.1945) compared with the lowest quartile. In MR analysis, the IVW-random effect indicates no causal relationship between coffee consumption and TB- BMD (β = 0.0034, P = 0.0910). Other methods of MR analyses and sensitivity analysis reveals consistent findings. Similarly, the fixed-effects IVW method shows no causal association between caffeine intake and TB-BMD in children and adolescents (β = 0.0202, P = 0.7828). CONCLUSIONS Our study does not support a causal relationship between caffeine consumption and BMD in children and adolescents. However, more studies are needed to verify our findings, such as its underlying molecular mechanisms and the long-term impact of early caffeine exposure at a younger age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyong Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Peilun Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Mengli Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
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16
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Casey C, Kemp BJ, Cassidy L, Patterson CC, Tully MA, Hill AJ, McCance DR. The influence of diet and physical activity on bone density of children aged 5-7 years: The Belfast HAPO family study. Bone 2023; 172:116783. [PMID: 37121559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoporosis is a global health issue, and modifiable behavioural factors need to be identified in childhood to reduce the risk of osteoporosis in later life. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of diet and physical activity on bone density of children aged 5-7 years participating in the Belfast Hyperglycaemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Family study. DESIGN AND METHODS Pregnant women were recruited to the Belfast centre of the HAPO study at 24-32 weeks gestation. Offspring were followed up at 5-7 years as part of the Belfast HAPO Family Study. Heel bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) were measured and calculated, respectively. Physical activity in the offspring was measured by accelerometery and dietary intakes were measured using a 4-day food diary. RESULTS Results from 793 offspring were analysed. Mean age of the offspring ± standard deviation was 6.4 ± 0.5 years. A mean of 48.3 ± 22.4 min each day was spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Median (interquartile range) dietary calcium and vitamin D intakes were 844 (662-1073) mg/day and 1.7 (1.1-2.5) μg/day, respectively. Neither dietary vitamin D nor calcium intakes were significantly associated with offspring heel BMD or BMAD in multiple regression. However, controlling for confounders, a 30-min greater MVPA was associated with significantly larger heel BMD (0.018 g/cm2 in boys and 0.010 g/cm2 in girls) and BMAD (0.005 g/cm3 in boys and 0.003 g/cm3 in girls). CONCLUSION Physical activity was associated with better BMD and BMAD in 5-7-year-old children. Dietary calcium and vitamin D were not predictive of BMD and BMAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Casey
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Bridie J Kemp
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland, UK; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Laura Cassidy
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Chris C Patterson
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Mark A Tully
- Institute of Mental Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alyson J Hill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - David R McCance
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland, UK; Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Cui A, Xiao P, Fan Z, Zeng Y, Wang H, Zhuang Y. Associations between vitamin E status and bone mineral density in children and adolescents aged 8-19 years: Evidence based on NHANES 2005-2006, 2017-2018. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283127. [PMID: 36928218 PMCID: PMC10019693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescence is a crucial determinant in osteoporosis and fragility fractures in older age. Vitamin E is the most abundant lipid-soluble antioxidant present in the blood. However, the association of vitamin E status with BMD in children and adolescents remains unclear. METHODS We first measured the association of vitamin E status (serum α- and γ tocopherol) with BMD in children and adolescents with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multiple linear regression models were performed to evaluate their relationship after adjusting for a large range of covariates. Stratified analyses and interaction tests were used to explore their effects on different genders, ages, and races/ethnicities. RESULTS 13,606 children and adolescents from NHANES (2005-2006, 2017-2018) were included in our analysis. Compared with the lowest α-tocopherol quartile, individuals in the highest α-tocopherol quartile are likelier to be Non-Hispanic White and have a higher value of poverty income ratio (PIR). They have a lower value of serum phosphorus and lumbar spine BMD. Every 1umol/L increase in serum α- and γ- tocopherol, the lumbar spine BMD decreased by -0.0016 and -0.0068 g/cm2. Compared with the lowest quartile serum α- and γ- tocopherol concentration, individuals in the highest quartile have a -0.0223 and -0.0329 g/cm2 lower mean BMD, respectively. Interaction effects suggest that the negative effect is more prominent among female youth, individuals aged 8-13 years, non-Hispanic whites, Mexican Americans, and non-Hispanic blacks. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates serum α- and γ-tocopherol are negatively correlated with lumbar BMD. Age, gender, and race may have a modifying effect on this relationship. Our study has an important clinical implication. A higher vitamin E status for children and adolescents could not improve BMD, even decrease BMD. More prospective research with stronger evidence is needed to verify our findings and their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyong Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Peilun Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (HW); (YZ)
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (HW); (YZ)
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Bezerra A, Freitas L, Maciel L, Fonseca H. Bone Tissue Responsiveness To Mechanical Loading-Possible Long-Term Implications of Swimming on Bone Health and Bone Development. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:453-468. [PMID: 36401774 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To revisit the bone tissue mechanotransduction mechanisms behind the bone tissue response to mechanical loading and, within this context, explore the possible negative influence of regular swimming practice on bone health, particularly during the growth and development period. RECENT FINDINGS Bone is a dynamic tissue, responsive to mechanical loading and unloading, being these adaptative responses more intense during the growth and development period. Cross-sectional studies usually report a lower bone mass in swimmers compared to athletes engaged in weigh-bearing sports. However, studies with animal models show contradictory findings about the effect of swimming on bone health, highlighting the need for longitudinal studies. Due to its microgravity characteristics, swimming seems to impair bone mass, but mostly at the lower limbs. It is unkown if there is a causal relationship between swimming and low BMD or if other confounding factors, such as a natural selection whithin the sport, are the cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Bezerra
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADE/UP), 4200-450, Porto, Portugal.
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Laura Freitas
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADE/UP), 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Leonardo Maciel
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADE/UP), 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Sergipe, Campus Lagarto, Lagarto, Brazil
| | - Hélder Fonseca
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADE/UP), 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
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Ong SC, Low JZ, Ooi GS. Application of health belief model in the assessment of factors affecting exercise behaviours in preventing osteoporosis. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jphsr/rmac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder associated with weak and brittle bones, and more susceptible to fracture. Osteo-protective behaviours, such as exercise, may prevent osteoporosis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the factors influencing the exercise behaviour in Malaysian adults and to assess their health beliefs and self-regulation in preventing osteoporosis.
Methods
A cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire was conducted throughout Malaysia through a web-based or physical-based survey. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: demographic data, ten questions regarding social and family history related to osteoporosis and 38 questions with seven subdomains (i.e. susceptibility, seriousness, barriers, benefits, health motivation, self-efficacy and self-regulation) which measured the health belief scores and self-regulation using 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive, inferential analysis and linear regression were used to analyse the data.
Key findings
A total of 679 participants completed the questionnaire. The mean health belief score was 63.7%, which was moderate. Most participants (64.4%) perceived low susceptibility to osteoporosis [mean score = 47.0%, standard deviation (SD) = 16.2]. Participants with age 18–27 years (44.8%), single (45.0%) and monthly income <RM 1000 (45.2%), perceived significant lower susceptibility to osteoporosis. Participants’ perception scores were high on the benefits of exercise (75.7%, SD = 16.4), health motivation (74.9%, SD = 17.1) and perceived low barriers to exercise (71.7%, SD = 14.9). Respondents who were at risk of osteoporosis and with family and friends diagnosed with osteoporosis obtained a higher score than those who did not.
Conclusions
The health belief score in the Malaysian population was moderate. However, the majority of participants were unaware of the susceptibility and seriousness of osteoporosis. Efforts need to be taken to break the barriers associated with exercise in preventing osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Chin Ong
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Pulau Pinang , Malaysia
| | - Joo Zheng Low
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Pulau Pinang , Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Sultan Ismail Petra , Kelantan , Malaysia
| | - Guat See Ooi
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Pulau Pinang , Malaysia
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Di Marcello F, Di Donato G, d’Angelo DM, Breda L, Chiarelli F. Bone Health in Children with Rheumatic Disorders: Focus on Molecular Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Management. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105725. [PMID: 35628529 PMCID: PMC9143357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is an extremely dynamic and adaptive tissue, whose metabolism and homeostasis is influenced by many different hormonal, mechanical, nutritional, immunological and pharmacological stimuli. Genetic factors significantly affect bone health, through their influence on bone cells function, cartilage quality, calcium and vitamin D homeostasis, sex hormone metabolism and pubertal timing. In addition, optimal nutrition and physical activity contribute to bone mass acquisition in the growing age. All these factors influence the attainment of peak bone mass, a critical determinant of bone health and fracture risk in adulthood. Secondary osteoporosis is an important issue of clinical care in children with acute and chronic diseases. Systemic autoimmune disorders, like juvenile idiopathic arthritis, can affect the skeletal system, causing reduced bone mineral density and high risk of fragility fractures during childhood. In these patients, multiple factors contribute to reduce bone strength, including systemic inflammation with elevated cytokines, reduced physical activity, malabsorption and nutritional deficiency, inadequate daily calcium and vitamin D intake, use of glucocorticoids, poor growth and pubertal delay. In juvenile arthritis, osteoporosis is more prominent at the femoral neck and radius compared to the lumbar spine. Nevertheless, vertebral fractures are an important, often asymptomatic manifestation, especially in glucocorticoid-treated patients. A standardized diagnostic approach to the musculoskeletal system, including prophylaxis, therapy and follow up, is therefore mandatory in at risk children. Here we discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in skeletal homeostasis and the influence of inflammation and chronic disease on bone metabolism.
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Abstract
Peak bone mass (PBM) is a key determinant of bone mass and fragility fractures later in life. The increase in bone mass during childhood and adolescence is mainly related to an increase in bone size rather to changes in volumetric bone density. Race, gender, and genetic factors are the main determinants of PBM achievement. Nevertheless, environmental factors such as physical activity, calcium and protein intakes, weight and age at menarche, are also playing an important role in bone mass accrual during growth. Therefore, optimization of calcium and protein intakes and weight-bearing physical activity during growth is an important strategy for optimal acquisition of PBM and bone strength and for contributing to prevent fractures later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Chevalley
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - René Rizzoli
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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22
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Cui A, Xiao P, Hu B, Ma Y, Fan Z, Wang H, Zhou F, Zhuang Y. Blood Lead Level Is Negatively Associated With Bone Mineral Density in U.S. Children and Adolescents Aged 8-19 Years. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:928752. [PMID: 35846292 PMCID: PMC9283721 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.928752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The relationship of lead (Pb) exposure with bone health in children and adolescents remains controversial. OBJECTION We aimed to investigate the association of blood lead levels (BLL) with bone mineral density (BMD) in American children and adolescents using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005-2010. METHODS We analyzed 5,583 subjects aged 8-19 years (mean age, 13.49 ± 3.35 years) from the NHANES 2005-2010. BLL was tested using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the lumbar spine, total femur, and femur neck. Multivariate linear regression models were used to explore the association between BLL and BMD, adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, poverty income ratio (PIR), body mass index (BMI), serum calcium, and serum phosphorus. RESULTS BLL was negatively correlated with BMD at different sites of interest in children and adolescents. For every 1mg/dl increase in BLL, the BMD of the total spine, total hip, and femoral neck decreased by 0.011 g/cm2, 0.008 g/cm2, and 0.006 g/cm2. In addition, Pb affected the lumbar spine more than the femur. The effect estimates were stronger in girls than boys at the lumbar spine (P for interaction= 0.006). This negative association remained significant in American children and adolescents after excluding individuals with BLL more than 3.5 ug/dl. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that BLL is negatively correlated with BMD at different sites of interest in children and adolescents aged 8-19 years, even in the reference range. More research is needed to elucidate the relationships between Pb and bone health in children and adolescents, including specific mechanisms and confounding factors like race/ethnicity, gender, and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyong Cui
- Department of Pelvic and Acetabular Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Peilun Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Baoliang Hu
- Department of gastroenterology surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuzhuo Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, HongHui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- Department of Pelvic and Acetabular Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department of Pelvic and Acetabular Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fengjin Zhou
- Department of Pelvic and Acetabular Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Zhuang, ; Fengjin Zhou,
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Pelvic and Acetabular Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Zhuang, ; Fengjin Zhou,
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Associations of Exercise Habits in Adolescence and Old Age with Risk of Osteoporosis in Older Adults: The Bunkyo Health Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245968. [PMID: 34945263 PMCID: PMC8707562 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated effects of exercise habits (EHs) in adolescence and old age on osteoporosis prevalence and hip joint and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD). Body composition and BMD in 1596 people aged 65–84 years living in Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We divided participants into four groups by a combination of EHs in adolescence and old age: none in either period (None-None), only in adolescence (Active-None), only in old age (None-Active), and in both periods (Active-Active). Logistic regression models were employed to estimate multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for osteoporosis determined by T-score (less than −2.5 SD) using the None-None reference group. In men, the combination of EHs in adolescence and old age was not associated with osteoporosis prevalence. However, the lumbar spine’s BMD was significantly higher in the Active-Active than the None-Active group (p = 0.043). In women, the Active-Active group had lower lumbar spine osteoporosis prevalence than the None-None group (OR 0.65; 95% CI, 0.42–1.00, p = 0.049). Furthermore, hip BMD was significantly higher in the Active-Active group than in the other three groups (p = 0.001). Older women with EHs in adolescence and old age had higher lumbar BMD and lower risk of osteoporosis.
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Widyastari DA, Saonuam P, Rasri N, Pongpradit K, Katewongsa P. Prevalence and Trends of Physical Activity in Thai Children and Young People: Pooled Panel Data Analysis from Thailand's Surveillance on Physical Activity 2012-2020. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10088. [PMID: 34639389 PMCID: PMC8508253 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to describe the level and trends of physical activity (PA) in Thai children and young people and examine PA changes during transitional periods. Employing nine rounds of Thailand's Surveillance on Physical Activity (SPA) 2012-2020, this study pooled three sets of data and included children and young people aged 6-17 years in the analysis: 1595 in SPA2012-2016, 1287 in SPA2017-2019, and 853 persons in SPA2020. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in five regions, 13 provinces, and 36 villages in SPA2012-2019, whereas an online survey was administered in all provinces in SPA2020. The prevalence of sufficient moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) among Thais aged 6-17 years ranged from 19.0 percent to 27.6 percent, with a significant drop during the period of COVID-19 spread in 2020. The average daily MVPA ranged from 46 to 57 min and dropped to 36 min during the pandemic. Boys were consistently more active than girls in all nine rounds of the SPA, and girls had more difficulty in maintaining or improving their PA level. A significant increase in the proportion of Thai children and young people with sufficient MVPA was observed during their transition from late primary to early secondary school grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyah Anantalia Widyastari
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Pairoj Saonuam
- Thai Health Promotion Foundation, Thung Maha Mek, Sathon, Bangkok 10120, Thailand; (P.S.); (N.R.)
| | - Niramon Rasri
- Thai Health Promotion Foundation, Thung Maha Mek, Sathon, Bangkok 10120, Thailand; (P.S.); (N.R.)
| | - Kornkanok Pongpradit
- Thailand Physical Activity Knowledge Development Centre (TPAK), Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Piyawat Katewongsa
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
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25
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Kalem M, Özbek EA, Kocaoğlu H, Merter A, Karaca MO, Şahin E, Başarir K. The increase in paediatric orthopaedic trauma injuries following the end of the curfew during the COVID-19 period. J Child Orthop 2021; 15:409-414. [PMID: 34476032 PMCID: PMC8381397 DOI: 10.1302/1863-2548.15.210071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the injury patterns of orthopaedic trauma patients in the paediatric age group who presented to our hospital during and after lifting the curfew due to the pandemic, with the patients of the same age group who presented to our institution during the same time period last year. METHODS Patients, aged 0 years to 18 years, who presented to our clinic between 21 March 2020 and 31 May 2020 (during curfew) (Group A1, n = 111), between 01 June 2020 and 31 August 2020 (Group A2, n = 214) and during the same periods in 2019 Group B1 (n = 220) and Group B2 (n = 211) were included. Patients with pathological fractures, traumas occurring earlier than the aforementioned date range and those consulted while being hospitalized in another department were excluded from study. Patients' demographics, the department they presented to, the anatomical region affected by trauma, trauma mechanism, the location of trauma, the treatment applied and the length of hospital stay were recorded. RESULTS The prevalence of outdoor traumas (72.9% versus 61.1%), high-energy traumas (40.1% versus 26.5%), the rate of the patients treated with surgery (28% versus 17.1%) and the rate of admission to the emergency department (90.2% versus 58.3%) were significantly higher in Group A2 when compared with Group B2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The significant increase was observed in the number of outdoor injuries, high-energy traumas and fracture patterns that require surgical treatment during the first three months following the lift of the curfew, in comparison with the corresponding dates from last year. We think that children's lower extremity muscle strength and neuromuscular control was decreased due to staying home for a prolonged period of time. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, Case-control study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Kalem
- İn’i Sina Training and Research Hospital, University of Ankara, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Anıl Özbek
- İn’i Sina Training and Research Hospital, University of Ankara, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Ankara, Turkey,Correspondence should be sent to E. A. Özbek, İbn’i Sina Training and Research Hospital, University of Ankara, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, İbn’i Sina Hospital, Ankara University Medicine Faculty, 06100 Samanpazarı, Ankara, Turkey. E-mail:
| | - Hakan Kocaoğlu
- İn’i Sina Training and Research Hospital, University of Ankara, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Merter
- İn’i Sina Training and Research Hospital, University of Ankara, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Onur Karaca
- İn’i Sina Training and Research Hospital, University of Ankara, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ercan Şahin
- Bulent Ecevit University School of Medicine Hospital Orthopedic Surgery Department, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Kerem Başarir
- İn’i Sina Training and Research Hospital, University of Ankara, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Ankara, Turkey
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Gilani M, Wallach P, Kyriakou A. Levels of physical activity and barriers to sport participation in young people with gender dysphoria. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:747-753. [PMID: 33818040 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the levels of physical activity (PA) in young people with gender dysphoria (GD) and help identify factors which deter participation. METHODS Fifty-six young people who attended paediatric endocrinology because of GD, June to October 2019, and were on treatment with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue were approached to participate in a survey. RESULTS A total of 55 young people (98%) responded to the survey. Thirty-eight (69%) participated in PA for >1 h/week. Thirty-two (58%) reported high motivation level for exercise. Those had median age of 15.9 years (10.7, 18.7) at the time of survey, and 13.6 years (9.7, 17.6) at start of GnRH analogue compared to 16.7 years (13.9, 18.5) (p, 0.047) and 15.4 years (11.2, 18.0) (p, 0.009) of the 23 (42%) who reported low motivation. Forty-one (74.5%) reported barriers when accessing PA, such as not being as good as others (75%), revealing sports clothing (73%) and not satisfied with body image (47%). Those were older (16.4 years [10.9, 18.7] vs. 14.7 years [10.7, 18.4] [p, 0.011]) at the time of survey and at start of GnRH analogue (14.9 years [9.7, 18.0] vs. 12.5 years [10.6, 15.2] [p, 0.0001]) than those 14 (25.5%) who reported facing no barriers. Twelve (85.7%) of those reporting no barriers stated high motivation levels compared to 20 (48.8%) of those reporting barriers (p, 0.026). CONCLUSIONS Strategies aimed at improving participation are twofold: first to improve motivation, especially in post-pubertal young people, and secondly to achieve societal change to help eliminate barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misha Gilani
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK.,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Peri Wallach
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andreas Kyriakou
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
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Sigurdsson GV, Schmidt S, Mellström D, Ohlsson C, Karlsson M, Lorentzon M, Saalman R. Physical exercise is associated with beneficial bone mineral density and body composition in young adults with childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:699-707. [PMID: 33945377 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2021.1913759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of compromised bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition. There are limited data on the physical exercise (PE) habits of patients with childhood-onset IBD and on the associations between PE and BMD and body composition. PATIENTS AND METHODS In total, 72 young adults with childhood-onset IBD and 1341 normative young adult controls answered questionnaires regarding PE [hours/week (h/w)] in the last 12 months. BMD and body composition were measured with dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and presented as age- and gender-adjusted Z-scores for BMD, skeletal muscle index (SMI, the weight of lean mass in arms and legs/m2), and percentage body fat (Fat %). RESULTS A total of 41 (57%) patients with IBD engaged in PE during the previous 12 months, as compared to 913 (68%) of the controls (p = .053). Sedentary patients had significantly lower median BMD, SMI, and Fat % Z-scores than the controls with corresponding PE habits (all p < .05). In contrast, highly active (>4 h/week) patients had total body BMD, SMI, and Fat % in the same range as the controls with corresponding PE levels (p = .151, p = .992, and p = .189, respectively), albeit with lower BMDs in the spine (p = .007) and femoral neck (p = .015). Using multiple regression analyses, a diagnosis of childhood-onset IBD was independently associated with inferior BMD and body composition, regardless of the amount of PE. CONCLUSION Physical exercise is associated with beneficial bone mineral density and body composition in patients with IBD despite the negative effects of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudmundur Vignir Sigurdsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Queen Silvia's Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Drug Treatment, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Orthopedics, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Region Västra Götaland, Geriatric Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert Saalman
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Queen Silvia's Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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28
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Sun Y, Yuan Y, Wu W, Lei L, Zhang L. The effects of locomotion on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell fate: insight into mechanical regulation and bone formation. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:88. [PMID: 34001272 PMCID: PMC8130302 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) refer to a heterogeneous population of cells with the capacity for self-renewal. BMSCs have multi-directional differentiation potential and can differentiate into chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes under specific microenvironment or mechanical regulation. The activities of BMSCs are closely related to bone quality. Previous studies have shown that BMSCs and their lineage-differentiated progeny (for example, osteoblasts), and osteocytes are mechanosensitive in bone. Thus, a goal of this review is to discuss how these ubiquious signals arising from mechanical stimulation are perceived by BMSCs and then how the cells respond to them. Studies in recent years reported a significant effect of locomotion on the migration, proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs, thus, contributing to our bone mass. This regulation is realized by the various intersecting signaling pathways including RhoA/Rock, IFG, BMP and Wnt signalling. The mechanoresponse of BMSCs also provides guidance for maintaining bone health by taking appropriate exercises. This review will summarize the regulatory effects of locomotion/mechanical loading on BMSCs activities. Besides, a number of signalling pathways govern MSC fate towards osteogenic or adipocytic differentiation will be discussed. The understanding of mechanoresponse of BMSCs makes the foundation for translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiu Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Le Lei
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, 55 Zhongshan Road West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, Guangdong, China.
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Nestares T, Martín-Masot R, de Teresa C, Bonillo R, Maldonado J, Flor-Alemany M, Aparicio VA. Influence of Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Physical Activity on Bone Health in Celiac Children on a Gluten-Free Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:1636. [PMID: 34068001 PMCID: PMC8152289 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess the influence of the Mediterranean Diet adherence and physical activity (PA) on body composition, with a particular focus on bone health, in young patients with celiac disease (CD). The CD group (n = 59) included children with CD with a long (>18 months, n = 41) or recent (<18 months, n = 18) adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). The non-celiac group (n = 40) included non-celiac children. After adjusting for potential confounders, the CD group showed lower body weight (p = 0.034), lean mass (p = 0.003), bone mineral content (p = 0.006), and bone Z-score (p = 0.036) than non-celiac children, even when the model was further adjusted for adherence to a GFD for at least 18 months. Among CD children, spending greater time in vigorous physical activity was associated with higher lean mass (p = 0.020) and bone mineral density with evidence of statistical significance (p = 0.078) regardless of the time they followed a GFD. In addition, a greater Mediterranean Diet adherence was associated with a higher bone Z-score (p = 0.020). Moreover, lean mass was strongly associated with bone mineral density and independently explained 12% of its variability (p < 0.001). These findings suggest the importance of correctly monitoring lifestyle in children with CD regarding dietary habits and PA levels to improve lean mass and, consequently, bone quality in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Nestares
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-A.); (V.A.A.)
- Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José MataixVerdú” (INYTA), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Martín-Masot
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | | | - Rocío Bonillo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-A.); (V.A.A.)
| | - José Maldonado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Spain Maternal and Child Health Network, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Flor-Alemany
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-A.); (V.A.A.)
- Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José MataixVerdú” (INYTA), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Virginia A. Aparicio
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-A.); (V.A.A.)
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), 18007 Granada, Spain
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Different Training Durations and Frequencies of Tai Chi for Bone Mineral Density Improvement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6665642. [PMID: 33815557 PMCID: PMC7987442 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6665642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective Tai Chi shows potential as a safe and cost-effective intervention to improve bone mineral density (BMD). However, the various effects caused by different training durations and frequencies have not been evaluated. This updated systematic review aims to explore the effectiveness of Tai Chi in attenuating bone mineral density loss based on different training durations and frequencies. Methods We conducted an extensive database search in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, Wanfang Data, and China Science and Technology Journal Database on randomized controlled trials that examined Tai Chi for BMD improvement. Two reviewers independently performed data screening and extraction. Study quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Results A total of 23 randomized controlled trials involving 1582 patients were identified. The aggregated results have shown significant benefits in favor of Tai Chi on BMD improvement in the lumbar spine (SMD = 0.36, 95% [0.13, 0.59], P=0.002), femoral neck (SMD = 0.40, 95% [0.16, 0.63], P=0.0009), femoral trochanter (SMD = 0.43, 95% CI [0.20, 0.66], P=0.0002), and Ward's triangle (SMD = 0.31, 95% [0.15, 0.48], P=0.002). Such favorable benefits in Tai Chi can only be seen when compared with the nonexercise group, and Tai Chi showed no significant improvement in BMD change when compared with other exercises group. Subgroup analyses showed various effects of BMD improvement based on different training durations and frequencies of Tai Chi. Tai Chi is effective in attenuating BMD loss with an intervention frequency of >4 days/week in the lumbar spine, with an intervention frequency of >4 days/week or an intervention duration of >10 months in the femoral neck, and with an intervention duration of >10 months or a frequency of ≤4 days/week in Ward's triangle. Conclusions The results demonstrated that Tai Chi may have benefits in attenuating BMD loss. Different training durations and frequencies may result in variable effectiveness. Researchers should focus more on the training durations and frequencies of Tai Chi so that a more definitive claim can be made regarding the beneficial effects for BMD improvement.
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Yuan C, Qu C, Ji W. Vitamin D supplementation for improving children with bone mineral density: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23475. [PMID: 33350731 PMCID: PMC7769342 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is usually one of the less perceived complications of chronic illness among children. Previous studies have shown that vitamin D supplementation may be valuable to bone density, especially among children with a deficiency of vitamin D. Yet, the results often remain inconsistent. Therefore, the present study investigates the clinical therapeutic effects of vitamin D supplementation to enhance children with bone mineral density. METHODS We will search the randomised controlled experiment literature of vitamin D supplementation for bone mineral density, focusing on children, in 3 distinct English databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE via PubMed, and Cochrane Library) and 2 specific Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WanFang databases). Additionally, we intend to explore the Clinical Trials.gov, reference lists of identified publication and the grey literature. Accordingly, we will use 2 independent authors to screen the literature, extract data, and research quality assessment. We will carry out all statistical analyses using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS We will systematically evaluate the clinical therapeutic effects of vitamin D supplementation to enhance children with bone mineral density. CONCLUSION The present study will summarise the currently published pieces of evidence of vitamin D supplementation for bone mineral density in children to further comprehend its promotion and application. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The present study is a systematic review and meta-analysis founded upon existing or published studies; therefore, ethical approval is not applicable. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER October 24, 2020. osf.io/7vtey. (https://osf.io/7vtey/).
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Orces CH, Orces J. Trends in the U.S. Childhood Emergency Department Visits for Fall-Related Fractures, 2001-2015. Cureus 2020; 12:e11629. [PMID: 33376643 PMCID: PMC7755699 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The study's objective is to examine national trends in emergency department visits for unintentional fall-related fractures among children aged 0 to 19 years between 2001 and 2015. Methods The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System - All Injury Program was used to generate national estimates of fall-related fractures treated in emergency departments. Subsequently, according to demographic characteristics, body parts, and sport activities, age-adjusted fracture rates were calculated using the 2000 U.S. population as the standard. The joinpoint regression program was used to examine the average annual percent change in fracture rates during the study period. Results An estimated 7.9 million emergency department visits for fall-related fractures among U.S. children occurred between 2001 and 2015. Overall, upper extremity fractures accounted for 70% of the cases. Trend analyses demonstrated that fracture rates markedly decreased among children aged 10 to 15 years by -2.5% (95% C: -3.4% to -1.6%) per year. After adjusting for age, boys' fracture rates decreased annually by -1.9% (95% CI: -3.1% to -0.6%), whereas the average decrease in girls was less accentuated by -1.4% (95% CI: -1.8% to -1.0%) per year. Notably, forearm/wrist fracture rates decreased annually by -2.4% (95% CI: -2.9% to -1.9%) from 2004 onwards. In contrast, head and neck fracture rates significantly increased on average by 2.6% (95% CI: 1.3% to 3.9%) per year. Conclusion Childhood emergency department visits for fall-related fractures significantly decreased in the U.S. between 2001 and 2015. However, further research is needed to determine factors related to upward trends in head/neck fractures seen during the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacques Orces
- Emergency Department, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, USA
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The Role of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in the Epigenetic Regulation of Bone Metabolism and Osteoporosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228682. [PMID: 33213099 PMCID: PMC7698531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are complex phospholipidic structures actively released by cells. EVs are recognized as powerful means of intercellular communication since they contain many signaling molecules (including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids). In parallel, changes in epigenetic processes can lead to changes in gene function and finally lead to disease onset and progression. Recent breakthroughs have revealed the complex roles of non-coding RNAs (microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)) in epigenetic regulation. Moreover, a substantial body of evidence demonstrates that non-coding RNAs can be shuttled among the cells and tissues via EVs, allowing non-coding RNAs to reach distant cells and exert systemic effects. Resident bone cells, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and endothelial cells, are tightly regulated by non-coding RNAs, and many of them can be exported from the cells to neighboring ones through EVs, triggering pathological conditions. For these reasons, researchers have also started to exploit EVs as a theranostic tool to address osteoporosis. In this review, we summarize some recent findings regarding the EVs’ involvement in the fine regulation of non-coding RNAs in the context of bone metabolism and osteoporosis.
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ERSOY C. Current Approaches to the Basic Aspects of Osteoporosis. TURKISH JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.46310/tjim.732932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Marini S, Barone G, Masini A, Dallolio L, Bragonzoni L, Longobucco Y, Maffei F. The Effect of Physical Activity on Bone Biomarkers in People With Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:585689. [PMID: 33193098 PMCID: PMC7644859 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.585689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone imbalance between anabolic and catabolic processes at the level of remodeling unit due to the prevalence of resorbing activity, represents a health problem of aging. The consequence is the negative balance of bone turnover that can lead to osteoporosis. Physical activity (PA) can play a central role in the comprehensive management of osteoporosis, since it induces the anabolism of bone tissue. Bone turnover biomarkers, reflecting the cellular activity linked to bone metabolism, can represent an evaluation tool to assess the efficacy of PA in the osteoporotic population. The aim of this systematic review, conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, was to investigate the effects of PA interventions on bone biomarkers in people with osteoporosis. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of electronic databases was conducted through PubMed, Cochrane, Cinahl, Embase, Trip, to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the topic of PA and bone turnover biomarkers in the osteoporosis population. In accordance with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, the quality of each study was assessed. RESULTS Out of 992 identified articles, 136 full texts were screened. Only three RTCs matched the eligibility criteria. In one study, sub-maximal aerobic exercise improved Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bone formation biomarker) and Amino-terminal Crosslinked Telopeptide of type 1 collagen (bone resorption biomarker) in osteoporotic women. The other two studies showed a positive effect on total alkaline phosphatase (a non-specific bone formation biomarker) in women with osteoporosis. CONCLUSION The systematic review revealed possible exercise benefits in terms of improving bone formation and decreasing bone resorption biomarkers in the osteoporotic population. However, these results should be interpreted with caution, especially due to the limited number and poor quality of the studies included. Further research is needed to estimate the influence of PA on bone biomarkers in the osteoporosis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Marini
- Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Campus of Rimini, Rimini, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Barone
- Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Campus of Rimini, Rimini, Italy
| | - Alice Masini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alice Masini,
| | - Laura Dallolio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Bragonzoni
- Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Campus of Rimini, Rimini, Italy
| | - Yari Longobucco
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Maffei
- Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Campus of Rimini, Rimini, Italy
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