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Sharpley C, Bitsika V, Christie D, Bradford R, Steigler A, Denham J. Total depression and subtypes in prostate cancer survivors 10 years after treatment. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2016; 26. [DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C.F. Sharpley
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group; University of New England; Armidale NSW Australia
| | - V. Bitsika
- Centre for Autism Spectrum Disorders; Bond University; Robina Qld Australia
| | - D.R.H. Christie
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group; University of New England; Armidale NSW Australia
- Genesiscare; Tugun Qld Australia
| | - R. Bradford
- School of Medicine & Public Health; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW Australia
| | - A. Steigler
- School of Medicine & Public Health; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW Australia
| | - J.W. Denham
- School of Medicine & Public Health; University of Newcastle; Callaghan NSW Australia
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Shin MS, Chung KJ, Ko IG, Kim SH, Jin JJ, Kim SE, Lee JM, Ji ES, Kim TW, Cho HS, Kim CH, Cho YS, Kim CJ, Kim KH. Effects of surgical and chemical castration on spatial learning ability in relation to cell proliferation and apoptosis in hippocampus. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 48:517-27. [PMID: 26781653 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-015-1200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemical castration using luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists and/or anti-androgens is an alternative to surgical castration. Goserelin and bicalutamide are representative drugs used for chemical castration. The effects of chemical castration on sexual functions are well documented; however, the possibility that chemical castration might induce undesirable effects on brain functions has been raised. We investigated the effects of chemical castration and surgical castration on spatial learning ability in relation to cell proliferation and apoptosis in hippocampus. METHODS Bilateral orchiectomy was performed for surgical castration, and chemical castration was induced by treatment with goserelin or bicalutamide for 28 days. To find out the effects of goserelin and bicalutamide with those of orchiectomy on the spatial learning ability, radial eight-arm maze test was performed. To find out the effects of goserelin and bicalutamide with those of orchiectomy in relation to cell proliferation and apoptosis in the hippocampus, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining, and immunohistochemistry for 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, doublecortin, and caspase-3 were performed. Western blot for brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tyrosine kinase receptor B, Bax, and Bcl-2 in the hippocampus was also performed. RESULTS Orchiectomy caused deterioration of spatial learning ability with suppression of cell proliferation and enhancement of apoptosis in the hippocampus. However, treatment with goserelin and bicalutamide had no effect on spatial learning ability. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were not altered by treatment with goserelin and bicalutamide either. CONCLUSIONS Surgical castration causes deterioration of spatial learning ability, while chemical castration does not impair spatial learning ability. We should find out further mechanisms affect to the relationship between androgen level and neurogenesis and neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mal-Soon Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Chung
- Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, 405-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Gyu Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Jang Jin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sang Ji
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sam Cho
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hee Kim
- Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, 405-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sam Cho
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 110-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Khae-Hawn Kim
- Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, 405-760, Republic of Korea.
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WALL BRADLEYA, GALVÃO DANIELA, FATEHEE NAEEM, TAAFFE DENNISR, SPRY NIGEL, JOSEPH DAVID, NEWTON ROBERTU. Maximal Exercise Testing of Men with Prostate Cancer Being Treated with Androgen Deprivation Therapy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 46:2210-5. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sharpley CF, Bitsika V, Christie DRH, Denham JW, Duchesne GM, Couper JW. Researching Depression in Prostate Cancer Patients: Factors, Timing, and Measures. JOURNAL OF MENS HEALTH 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/jomh.2014.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Skolarus TA, Wittmann D, Northouse L, An LC, Olson KB, Rew KT, Jimbo M, Heidelbaugh JJ, Phillips J, Holmes-Rovner M. Recommendations for Prostate Cancer Survivorship Care: An Update to the 2009 Michigan Cancer Consortium Guidelines for the Primary Care Management of Prostate Cancer Post-Treatment Sequelae. JOURNAL OF MEN'S HEALTH 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/jomh.2014.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Sharpley CF, Bitsika V, Wootten AC, Christie DRH. Differences in major depressive disorder and generalised anxiety disorder symptomatology between prostate cancer patients receiving hormone therapy and those who are not. Psychooncology 2014; 23:1350-5. [PMID: 24789575 DOI: 10.1002/pon.3566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to explore the associations between hormone treatment variables and depression, and the nature of depression in prostate cancer (PCa) patients by comparing the severity and symptom profile of anxiety and depression in men who were currently receiving hormone therapy (HT) versus those who were not. METHOD Self-reports of anxiety and depression on standardized scales of GAD and major depressive disorder (MDD) were collected from 156 PCa patients across two recruitment sites in Australia. Patients who were currently receiving HT were compared with patients not receiving HT for their severity and symptom profiles on GAD and MDD. RESULTS Participants receiving HT had significantly higher GAD and MDD total scores than patients who were not receiving HT. In addition, the symptom profiles of these two HT subgroups were differentiated by significantly higher scores on the key criteria for GAD and MDD plus fatigue and sleeping difficulties but not the remaining symptoms of GAD and MDD. However, there were no significant differences between HT subgroups for the degree of functional impairment experienced by these symptoms. CONCLUSION Although these data confirm the association between HT and anxiety/depression, the range of GAD and MDD symptoms influenced is relatively restricted. Moreover, functional ability does not appear to be impaired by HT. These findings clarify the ways in which HT affects PCa patients and suggests that a simple total scale score for anxiety and depression may not be as helpful in designing treatment as consideration of the symptomatic profiles of PCa patients receiving HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Sharpley
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia; Centre for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
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Do hormone treatments for prostate cancer cause anxiety and depression? Int J Clin Oncol 2013; 19:523-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10147-013-0569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lee CE, Leslie WD, Lau YKJ. A pilot study of exercise in men with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:103. [PMID: 22436542 PMCID: PMC3352294 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the mainstay therapy for men with prostate cancer. However, there are musculoskeletal side effects from ADT that increase the risk for osteoporosis and fracture, and can compromise the quality of life of these individuals. The objectives of this study are to determine the efficacy of a home-based walking exercise program in promoting bone health, physical function and quality of life in men with prostate cancer receiving ADT. Methods/Design A 12-month prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial will be conducted to compare the Exercise Group with the Control Group. Sixty men with prostate cancer who will be starting ADT will be recruited and randomly assigned to one of the two groups: the Exercise Group will receive instructions in setting up an individualized 12-month home-based walking exercise program, while the Control Group will receive standard medical advice from the attending physician. A number of outcome measures will be used to assess bone health, physical function, and health-related quality of life. At baseline and 12 months, bone health will be assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. At baseline and every 3 months up to 12 months, physical function will be evaluated using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Fatigue Scale, Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, Short Physical Performance Battery, and Six-Minute Walk Test; and health-related quality of life will be assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Prostate Module and the Medical Outcomes Study 12-item Short Form Health Survey Version 2. A mixed multiple analysis of variance will be used to analyze the data. Discussion Musculoskeletal health management remains a challenge in men with prostate cancer receiving ADT. This study addresses this issue by designing a simple and accessible home-based walking exercise program that will potentially have significant impact on reducing the risk of fracture, promoting physical function, and ultimately improving the health-related quality of life in men with prostate cancer receiving ADT. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00834392.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ellen Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Manitoba, R106 - 771 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg MB R3E 0T6, Canada.
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Casey RG, Corcoran NM, Goldenberg SL. Quality of life issues in men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: a review. Asian J Androl 2012; 14:226-31. [PMID: 22231296 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2011.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been an essential treatment option for treating prostate cancer (PCa). The role for hormonal treatment initially was restricted to men with metastatic and inoperable, locally advanced disease. Now it has been extended to neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy for surgery and radiotherapy, for biochemical relapse after surgery or radiation, and even as primary therapy for non-metastatic disease. Fifty percent of PCa patients treated will receive ADT at some point. There is growing concern about the adverse effects and costs associated with more widespread ADT use. The adverse effects on quality of life (QoL), including physical, social and psychological well-being when men are androgen-deprived, may be considerable. This review examines the QoL issues in the following areas: body feminisation, sexual changes, relationship changes, cognitive and affective symptoms, fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression and physical effects. Further suggestions for therapeutic approaches to reduce these alterations are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan G Casey
- University of British Columbia Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
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Hot flushes in prostatic cancer patients during androgen-deprivation therapy with monthly dose of degarelix or leuprolide. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2011; 14:184-90. [PMID: 21445092 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2011.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the onset, incidence and frequency/intensity of hot flushes during androgen-deprivation therapy with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH) blocker versus an agonist using data from a randomized Phase 3 clinical trial. In total, 610 prostate cancer patients received monthly degarelix (s.c., 240/80 mg, n=207, or 240/160 mg, n=202) or leuprolide (i.m., 7.5 mg, n=201) for 12 months. Data on hot flushes was collected as self-reported adverse events and in a subgroup of 254 patients with electronic diaries. The onset of hot flushes was faster on degarelix versus leuprolide, and was accompanied by higher median hot flush scores during the first 3 months. However, there were no significant differences in overall incidence rates and median hot flush scores over the entire 12 months. After the third month, incidence rates dropped below 6%, whereas prevalence rates remained constant in all the three treatment arms. In multivariate analysis, body weight and heart rate at baseline were independent predictors of hot flushes (P<0.05). Except for a more rapid onset with the GnRH antagonist, there were no major differences in the overall pattern of hot flushes between treatment options. Weight control may help to minimize the incidence of hot flushes.
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Nalla AK, Gorantla B, Gondi CS, Lakka SS, Rao JS. Targeting MMP-9, uPAR, and cathepsin B inhibits invasion, migration and activates apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2010; 17:599-613. [PMID: 20448670 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2010.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in Americans. The high mortality rate is mainly attributed to the invasiveness and metastasis of advanced prostate cancer. Targeting the molecules involved in metastasis could be an effective mode of treatment for prostate cancer. In this study, the therapeutic potential of siRNA-mediated targeting of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), and cathepsin B (CB) in prostate cancer was carried out using single and bi-cistronic siRNA-expressing constructs. Downregulation of MMP-9, uPAR, and CB inhibited matrigel invasion, in vitro angiogenesis and wound-healing migration ability of PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cell lines. In addition, the siRNA treatments induced apoptosis in the tumor cells as determined by TUNEL and DNA laddering assays. An attempt to elucidate the apoptotic pathway showed the involvement of FAS-mediated activation of caspases-8 and -7. Further, mice with orthotopic prostate tumors treated with siRNA-expressing vectors showed significant inhibition in tumor growth and migration. In conclusion, we report that the siRNA-mediated knockdown of MMP-9, uPAR, and CB inhibits invasiveness and migration of prostate cancer cells and leads to apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Nalla
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
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Androgen deprivation therapy and estrogen deficiency induced adverse effects in the treatment of prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2009; 12:333-8. [PMID: 19901933 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2009.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard of care for metastatic prostate cancer and is increasingly used to treat asymptomatic patients with prostate-specific antigen recurrence after failed primary therapy. Although effective, ADT is associated with multiple adverse effects, many of which are related to the estrogen deficiency that occurs as a result of treatment. These include increased fracture risk, hot flashes, gynecomastia, serum lipid changes and memory loss. By providing clinicians with a greater awareness of the estrogen deficiency induced adverse effects from ADT, they can proactively intervene on the physical and psychological impact these effects have on patients.
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Pirl WF, Greer JA, Goode M, Smith MR. Prospective study of depression and fatigue in men with advanced prostate cancer receiving hormone therapy. Psychooncology 2008; 17:148-53. [PMID: 17443645 PMCID: PMC3047392 DOI: 10.1002/pon.1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We prospectively examined the development of depressive symptoms and fatigue among men with locally advanced prostate cancer receiving hormone therapy. METHODS Fifty-two men with advanced or recurrent prostate cancer were randomly assigned to receive either parenteral leuprolide or oral bicalutamide. Patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) at pretreatment baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. RESULTS Rates of at least mild depression ranged from 10.4 to 16.3% over the 12 months and were not significantly different at each time point. Mean change in BDI scores from baseline to 6 months for the entire sample was 0.91 (SE = 0.73), and from baseline to 12 months was 0.35 (SE = 0.67). Mean FSS scores increased significantly from baseline (M = 24.43, SD = 11.75) to 6 months (M = 27.93, SD = 13.52) and remained steady at 12 months (M = 27.80, SD = 14.44). There were no significant differences in depression between the two types of hormone therapy. CONCLUSION Hormone therapy does not appear to cause clinically significant changes in depression among men with locally advanced prostate cancer. However, fatigue increased significantly over the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Pirl
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Kumar SK, Roy I, Anchoori RK, Fazli S, Maitra A, Beachy PA, Khan SR. Targeted inhibition of hedgehog signaling by cyclopamine prodrugs for advanced prostate cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:2764-8. [PMID: 18249125 PMCID: PMC2666345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Revised: 01/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A promising agent for use in prostate cancer therapy is the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway inhibitor, cyclopamine. This compound, however, has the potential for causing serious side effects in non-tumor tissues. To minimize these bystander toxicities, we have designed and synthesized two novel peptide-cyclopamine conjugates as prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-activated prodrugs for use against prostate cancer. These prodrugs were composed of cyclopamine coupled to one of two peptides (either HSSKLQ or SSKYQ) that can be selectively cleaved by PSA, converting the mature prodrug into an active Hedgehog inhibitor within the malignant cells. Of the two prodrugs, Mu-SSKYQ-Cyclopamine was rapidly hydrolyzed, with a half-life of 3.2h, upon incubation with the PSA enzyme. Thus, modulating cyclopamine at the secondary amine with PSA-cleavable peptides is a promising strategy for developing prodrugs to target prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas K. Kumar
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD-21231, USA
| | - Indrajit Roy
- Institute for Laser, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Ravi K. Anchoori
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD-21231, USA
| | - Sarah Fazli
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD-21231, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD-21231, USA
| | - Philip A. Beachy
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Saeed R. Khan
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD-21231, USA
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Joly F, Alibhai SMH, Galica J, Park A, Yi QL, Wagner L, Tannock IF. Impact of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Physical and Cognitive Function, as Well as Quality of Life of Patients With Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer. J Urol 2006; 176:2443-7. [PMID: 17085125 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2006.07.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many patients with prostate cancer receive androgen deprivation therapy for long periods. We compared physical and cognitive function, and quality of life in a cross-sectional study of 57 patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer and 51 healthy age matched controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Physical and daily function were measured by the 6-minute walk test, grip strength, the timed up and go test, and activities of daily living measures. Cognitive function was evaluated by the High Sensitivity Cognitive Screen and by a self-report prototype Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy cognitive function subscale. Quality of life was assessed by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General with the subscale for fatigue and by the Patient-Oriented Prostate Utility Scale. RESULTS Androgen deprivation therapy was given for a median of 1.8 years (range 0.4 to 7.4). Patients had lower median hemoglobin than controls (134 vs 148 gm/l, p <0.0001). Performance on physical tests was similar in the 2 groups. Moderate or severe cognitive impairment by the High Sensitivity Cognitive Screen was similar for patients (23%) and controls (35%, p = 0.2). Self-reported cognitive dysfunction was also similar. Scores for the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General were similar but the Patient Oriented Prostate Utility Scale summary score was worse for patients (median 71 vs 86, p <0.001). More patients reported severe fatigue (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Fatigue score less than 35, p = 0.03). Low energy, poor bladder control and loss of sexual function were reported in 36%, 47% and 95% of patients, and in 16%, 34% and 33% of controls, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy experience more symptoms and have worse fatigue than controls, but this study did not detect any effect on physical or cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Joly
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Alekshun TJ, Patterson SG. Management of Hot Flashes in Men with Prostate Cancer Being Treated with Androgen Deprivation Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 4:30-7. [DOI: 10.3816/sct.2006.n.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hydock DS, Wonders KY, Schneider CM, Hayward R. Androgen deprivation therapy and cardiac function: effects of endurance training. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2006; 9:392-8. [PMID: 16786038 DOI: 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the effects of an 8-week androgen deprivation therapy treatment using Zoladex and an endurance training regimen on cardiac function. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats received either Zoladex or placebo. Animals remained sedentary or endurance trained during the drug treatment period. On day 57, ex vivo cardiac function was analyzed. RESULTS Hearts from sedentary animals receiving Zoladex possessed significant cardiac dysfunction. However, hearts from exercise trained rats receiving Zoladex possessed cardiac function values similar to those from hearts from placebo animals. CONCLUSIONS An 8-week treatment with Zoladex promoted cardiac dysfunction. Endurance training during Zoladex treatment protected against this cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Hydock
- School of Sport and Exercise Science and the Rocky Mountain Cancer Rehabilitation Institute, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
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Strasser F, Palmer JL, Schover LR, Yusuf SW, Pisters K, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, DeGracia B, Willey JS, Bruera E. The impact of hypogonadism and autonomic dysfunction on fatigue, emotional function, and sexual desire in male patients with advanced cancer. Cancer 2006; 107:2949-57. [PMID: 17103445 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.22339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine whether hypogonadism and autonomic dysfunction contribute substantially to cancer-related fatigue, decreased sexual desire, and depression in male patients with advanced, incurable cancer. METHODS Forty-eight patients who had received no major antineoplastic intervention for at least 2 weeks were tested for autonomic dysfunction by using Ewing tests. Total and free testosterone levels were measured. Multivariate analyses were performed to test the relation of these factors with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) (the Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy [FAACT] scale and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue [FACIT-F] subscale), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale, the Sexual Desire Inventory, and sexual function (Cancer Rehabilitation Evaluation System subscale). Common causes for fatigue (anemia, depression, malnutrition, symptom distress, and medications) also were considered. RESULTS Thirty-eight of 47 patients (81%) had autonomic dysfunction, although it was not associated significantly with the other variables examined. Twenty-nine of 45 patients (64%) had a low level of free testosterone (hypogonadism), which was correlated with the HADS Anxiety score (P = .002), the FACT Emotional Well-Being score (P = .02), and the HADS Depression score (P = .04). Hypogonadal men also had lower scores on the FACT Functional Well-Being scale (P = .01) and the FACIT-F subscale (P = .05). Men who reported symptoms related to weight loss (FAACT scale) had significantly lower levels of free testosterone (r = 0.34; P = .02) but did not differ from the other group in actual weight loss (P = .22). The total testosterone level was not appropriate for screening of hypogonadism unless the patients had values <100 ng/ mL. Logistic regression analysis failed to reveal a distinct multivariate model of autonomic dysfunction or hypogonadism that predicted clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Hypogonadism is a frequent condition in patients with advanced, incurable cancer and is associated with negative mood, fatigue, and symptoms related to anorexia/cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Strasser
- Section of Oncology/Hematology, Department Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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