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Costello SM, Schultz A, Smith D, Horan D, Chaverra M, Tripet B, George L, Bothner B, Lefcort F, Copié V. Metabolic Deficits in the Retina of a Familial Dysautonomia Mouse Model. Metabolites 2024; 14:423. [PMID: 39195519 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14080423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative retinal diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), and dominant optic atrophy (DOA) are marked by progressive death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). This decline is promoted by structural and functional mitochondrial deficits, including electron transport chain (ETC) impairments, increased oxidative stress, and reduced energy (ATP) production. These cellular mechanisms associated with progressive optic nerve atrophy have been similarly observed in familial dysautonomia (FD) patients, who experience gradual loss of visual acuity due to the degeneration of RGCs, which is thought to be caused by a breakdown of mitochondrial structures, and a disruption in ETC function. Retinal metabolism plays a crucial role in meeting the elevated energetic demands of this tissue, and recent characterizations of FD patients' serum and stool metabolomes have indicated alterations in central metabolic processes and potential systemic deficits of taurine, a small molecule essential for retina and overall eye health. The present study sought to elucidate metabolic alterations that contribute to the progressive degeneration of RGCs observed in FD. Additionally, a critical subpopulation of retinal interneurons, the dopaminergic amacrine cells, mediate the integration and modulation of visual information in a time-dependent manner to RGCs. As these cells have been associated with RGC loss in the neurodegenerative disease Parkinson's, which shares hallmarks with FD, a targeted analysis of the dopaminergic amacrine cells and their product, dopamine, was also undertaken. One dimensional (1D) proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and retinal histology methods were employed to characterize retinae from the retina-specific Elp1 conditional knockout (CKO) FD mouse model (Pax6-Cre; Elp1LoxP/LoxP). Metabolite alterations correlated temporally with progressive RGC degeneration and were associated with reduced mitochondrial function, alterations in ATP production through the Cahill and mini-Krebs cycles, and phospholipid metabolism. Dopaminergic amacrine cell populations were reduced at timepoints P30-P90, and dopamine levels were 25-35% lower in CKO retinae compared to control retinae at P60. Overall, this study has expanded upon our current understanding of retina pathology in FD. This knowledge may apply to other retinal diseases that share hallmark features with FD and may help guide new avenues for novel non-invasive therapeutics to mitigate the progressive optic neuropathy in FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanann M Costello
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University-Bozeman, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Anastasia Schultz
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University-Bozeman, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Donald Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University-Bozeman, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Danielle Horan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University-Bozeman, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Martha Chaverra
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University-Bozeman, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Brian Tripet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University-Bozeman, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Lynn George
- Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, Montana State University-Billings, Billings, MT 59102, USA
| | - Brian Bothner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University-Bozeman, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Frances Lefcort
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University-Bozeman, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Valérie Copié
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University-Bozeman, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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Pasol J, Uddin MS, Tekin M, Moore HP. Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy in 2 Sisters With Friedreich Ataxia. J Neuroophthalmol 2024:00041327-990000000-00606. [PMID: 38564284 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000002143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Pasol
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (JP), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Plantation, FL; Palmetto General Hospital (MSU); and Departments of Clinical and Translational Genetics (MT) and Neurology (HPM), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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Otmani A, Jóhannesson G, Brautaset R, Tribble JR, Williams PA. Prophylactic nicotinamide treatment protects from rotenone-induced neurodegeneration by increasing mitochondrial content and volume. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:37. [PMID: 38429841 PMCID: PMC10908050 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is driven by mtDNA mutations affecting Complex I presenting as progressive retinal ganglion cell dysfunction usually in the absence of extra-ophthalmic symptoms. There are no long-term neuroprotective agents for LHON. Oral nicotinamide provides a robust neuroprotective effect against mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction in other retinal injuries. We explored the potential for nicotinamide to protect mitochondria in LHON by modelling the disease in mice through intravitreal injection of the Complex I inhibitor rotenone. Using MitoV mice expressing a mitochondrial-tagged YFP in retinal ganglion cells we assessed mitochondrial morphology through super-resolution imaging and digital reconstruction. Rotenone induced Complex I inhibition resulted in retinal ganglion cell wide mitochondrial loss and fragmentation. This was prevented by oral nicotinamide treatment. Mitochondrial ultrastructure was quantified by transition electron microscopy, demonstrating a loss of cristae density following rotenone injection, which was also prevented by nicotinamide treatment. These results demonstrate that nicotinamide protects mitochondria during Complex I dysfunction. Nicotinamide has the potential to be a useful treatment strategy for LHON to limit retinal ganglion cell degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Otmani
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gauti Jóhannesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre of Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Rune Brautaset
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James R Tribble
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Pete A Williams
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Lam BL, Feuer WJ, Porciatti V, Davis JL, Zheng DD, Vanner EA, Savatovsky EJ, Alba DE, Guy J. Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Gene Therapy: Longitudinal Relationships Among Visual Function and Anatomical Measures. Am J Ophthalmol 2024; 257:113-128. [PMID: 37716450 PMCID: PMC10842528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess longitudinal relationships among visual function and anatomical measures of gene therapy in G11778A Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). DESIGN Phase 1 clinical trial. METHODS This was a single-institution study of patients with G11778A LHON. Patients with chronic bilateral visual loss >12 months (group 1, n = 11), acute bilateral visual loss <12 months (group 2, n = 9), or unilateral visual loss (group 3, n = 8) were administered unilateral intravitreal AAV2(Y444,500,730F)-P1ND4v2 injection with low, medium, high, and higher doses to worse eye for groups 1 and 2 and better eye for group 3. Oucome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual field mean deviation (VF MD), steady-state pattern electroretinogram (SS-PERG), optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and ganglion cell+inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness, and National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) scores. Mean follow-up was 33.6 months (range = 18-36 months). RESULTS Baseline SS-PERG amplitude was much reduced in both eyes of all groups including asymptomatic eyes of group 3, and showed no appreciable changes irrespective of disease stage and treatment. Significant and progressive GCIPL and RNFL thinning occurred in all eyes; BCVA and VF MD fluctuated in treated and fellow eyes, with some eyes having modest improvement that may be related to natural history or to gene therapy. Mean NEI-VFQ-25 scores declined in group 3 subjects (P = .023), CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic eyes in LHON patients with unilateral visual loss may be beyond the window of effective neuroprotection given reduced GCIPL and SS-PERG. Randomization of patients to an untreated control group would help to assess treatment effect by accounting for variable natural history. NOTE: Publication of this article is sponsored by the American Ophthalmological Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron L Lam
- From the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
| | - William J Feuer
- From the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Vittorio Porciatti
- From the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Janet L Davis
- From the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - D Diane Zheng
- From the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Vanner
- From the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Eleonore J Savatovsky
- From the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Diego E Alba
- From the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - John Guy
- From the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Tribble JR, Hui F, Quintero H, El Hajji S, Bell K, Di Polo A, Williams PA. Neuroprotection in glaucoma: Mechanisms beyond intraocular pressure lowering. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 92:101193. [PMID: 37331129 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a common, complex, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive dysfunction and then loss of retinal ganglion cells, the output neurons of the retina. Glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible blindness and affects ∼80 million people worldwide with many more undiagnosed. The major risk factors for glaucoma are genetics, age, and elevated intraocular pressure. Current strategies only target intraocular pressure management and do not directly target the neurodegenerative processes occurring at the level of the retinal ganglion cell. Despite strategies to manage intraocular pressure, as many as 40% of glaucoma patients progress to blindness in at least one eye during their lifetime. As such, neuroprotective strategies that target the retinal ganglion cell and these neurodegenerative processes directly are of great therapeutic need. This review will cover the recent advances from basic biology to on-going clinical trials for neuroprotection in glaucoma covering degenerative mechanisms, metabolism, insulin signaling, mTOR, axon transport, apoptosis, autophagy, and neuroinflammation. With an increased understanding of both the basic and clinical mechanisms of the disease, we are closer than ever to a neuroprotective strategy for glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Tribble
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Flora Hui
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Optometry & Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Heberto Quintero
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Sana El Hajji
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Katharina Bell
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Australia; Eye ACP Duke-NUS, Singapore
| | - Adriana Di Polo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Pete A Williams
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review pathophysiology and clinical features of mitochondrial disorders manifesting with cardiomyopathy. RECENT FINDINGS Mechanistic studies have shed light into the underpinnings of mitochondrial disorders, providing novel insights into mitochondrial physiology and identifying new therapeutic targets. Mitochondrial disorders are a group of rare genetic diseases that are caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or in nuclear genes that are essential to mitochondrial function. The clinical picture is extremely heterogeneous, the onset can occur at any age, and virtually, any organ or tissue can be involved. Since the heart relies primarily on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism to fuel contraction and relaxation, cardiac involvement is common in mitochondrial disorders and often represents a major determinant of their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor-Alexandru Popoiu
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
- "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Jan Dudek
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Edoardo Bertero
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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Murakhovskaya YK, Andreeva NA, Tsygankova PG, Krylova TD, Sheremet NL. [Long-term changes in morphological and functional parameters of the optic nerve in patients with various genetic variants of hereditary optic neuropathies]. Vestn Oftalmol 2023; 139:77-86. [PMID: 38235633 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma202313906177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and autosomal recessive optic neuropathy (ARON) are degenerative diseases of the optic nerve caused by mutations in nuclear or mitochondrial DNA (nDNA, mtDNA). The clinical picture of these diseases is similar, but there are some differences in how the visual functions change in patients with different molecular genetic variants of hereditary optic neuropathies (HON). PURPOSE This study evaluates the long-term changes in morphological and functional parameters in patients with different genetic variants of HON. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 84 patients (165 eyes) with a genetically confirmed LHON or ARON diagnosis. The patients underwent best-corrected visual acuity (VA) test, color vision (CV) examination, computerized perimetry using the program for low vision assessment, optical coherence tomography (OCT). RESULTS Over the course of the follow-up (60 months or longer) HON patients were revealed to have higher VA in c.152A>G and m.14484T>C mutations compared to mutations m.11778G>A and m.3460G>A. The final VA 0.5 or higher in patients with c.152A>G and m.14484T>C mutations in 54 and 71% of cases, and only in 6 and 13% of cases - with m.11778G>A and m.3460G>A mutations. Direct correlation was determined between minimal VA in the first year after disease onset and the final VA (K=0.67; p<0.001). In all patients with the investigated mutations CV recovered slightly quicker than VA. CONCLUSION HON associated with c.152A>G and m.14484T>C mutations have better prognosis compared to LHON caused by m.11778G>A and m.3460G>A mutations. Vision recovery prognosis is worse in patients who had significant decrease of visual acuity at the disease onset. OCT findings reveal preservation of visual functions in all mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu K Murakhovskaya
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Andreeva
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - T D Krylova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - N L Sheremet
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
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Subramanian PS, Newman NJ, Moster M, Wang AG, Yu-Wai-Man P, Donahue S, Leroy BP, Carelli V, Biousse V, Vignal-Clermont C, Sergott RC, Sadun AA, Rebolleda G, Chwalisz BK, Banik R, Bazin F, Cox E, Roux M, Taiel M, Sahel JA. Study design and baseline characteristics for the reflect gene therapy trial ofm.11778g>A/ ND4-LHON. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2022-001158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveREFLECT is the first randomised, double-masked, placebo-controlled multicentre phase 3 clinical trial that evaluated the efficacy and safety of bilateral intravitreal (IVT) injection of lenadogene nolparvovec in subjects with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy carrying the m.11778G>A mutation.Methods and analysisA total of 98 subjects were enrolled with vision loss of ≤12 months. The subjects were randomised to one of two treatment arms with all subjects receiving an intravitreal (IVT) injection of lenadogene nolparvovec in their first affected eye and the second-affected eye randomised to receive IVT of either lenadogene nolparvovec or placebo.ResultsThe majority of subjects were male with a mean duration of vision loss of 8.3 months. All but one subject experienced bilateral loss of vision at the time of injection. The mean best-corrected visual acuity of first-affected eyes was worse compared with second/not-yet-affected eyes. Analysis of retinal anatomical parameters showed increased thinning in the first-affected eyes when compared with the second/not-yet-affected eyes with both treatment arms showing significant changes compared with unaffected individuals.ConclusionThe REFLECT trial is the third and the largest phase 3 clinical study evaluating lenadogene nolparvovec in m.11778G>A Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) subjects. The observed demographics in REFLECT are consistent with previous reports in LHON subjects in the acute and dynamic phases of LHON disease. Combined with the visual function and anatomical parameters obtained in the previous RESCUE and REVERSE trials, REFLECT has provided a uniformly collected data set that should help direct future LHON clinical trials.
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Liutkeviciene R, Mikalauskaite R, Gedvilaite G, Glebauskiene B, Kriauciuniene L, Žemaitienė R. Relative Leukocyte Telomere Length and Telomerase Complex Regulatory Markers Association with Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58091240. [PMID: 36143917 PMCID: PMC9504758 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: To evaluate the association of relative leukocyte telomere length (RLTL) and telomerase complex regulatory markers with Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Material and Methods: A case-control study was performed in patients with LHON (≥18 years) and healthy subjects. The diagnosis of LHON was based on a genetic blood test (next-generation sequencing with Illumina MiSeq, computer analysis: BWA2.1 Illumina BaseSpace, Alamut, and mtDNA Variant analyzer 1000 were performed) and diagnostic criteria approved by the LHON disease protocol. Statistical analysis was performed using the standard statistical software package, IBM SPSS Statistics 27. Statistically significant results were considered when p < 0.05. Results: Significantly longer RLTL was observed in LHON patients than in healthy controls (p < 0.001). RLTL was significantly longer in women and men with LOHN than in healthy women and men in the control group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). In the elderly group (>32 years), RLTL was statistically significantly longer in LHON patients compared with healthy subjects (p < 0.001). The GG genotype of the TERC rs12696304 polymorphism was found to be statistically significantly higher in the LHON group (p = 0.041), and the C allele in the TERC rs12696304 polymorphism was found to be statistically significantly less common in the LHON group (p < 0.001). The RLTL of LHON patients was found to be statistically significantly longer in the TERC rs12696304 polymorphism in all tested genotypes (CC, p = 0.005; CG, p = 0.008; GG, p = 0.025), TEP1 rs1760904 polymorphism in the GA genotype (p < 0.001), and TEP1 gene rs1713418 in the AA and AG genotypes (p = 0.011 and p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The RLTL in LHON patients was found to be longer than in healthy subjects regardless of treatment with idebenone. The TERC rs12696304 polymorphism, of all studied polymorphisms, was the most significantly associated with changes in LHON and telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasa Liutkeviciene
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Mikalauskaite
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Greta Gedvilaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
| | - Brigita Glebauskiene
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Loresa Kriauciuniene
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Reda Žemaitienė
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Lam BL, Feuer WJ, Davis JL, Porciatti V, Yu H, Levy RB, Vanner E, Guy J. Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Gene Therapy: Adverse Events and Visual Acuity Results of All Patient Groups. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 241:262-271. [PMID: 35271811 PMCID: PMC9444871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess safety of gene therapy in G11778A Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). DESIGN Phase 1 clinical trial. METHODS Setting: single institution. PARTICIPANTS Patients with G11778A LHON and chronic bilateral visual loss >12 months (group 1, n = 11), acute bilateral visual loss <12 months (group 2, n = 9), or unilateral visual loss (group 3, n = 8). INTERVENTION unilateral intravitreal AAV2(Y444,500,730F)-P1ND4v2 injection with low, medium, high, and higher doses to worse eye for groups 1 and 2 and better eye for group 3. OUTCOME MEASURES Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), adverse events, and vector antibody responses. Mean follow-up was 24 months (range, 12-36 months); BCVAs were compared with a published prospective natural history cohort with designated surrogate study and fellow eyes. RESULTS Incident uveitis (8 of 28, 29%), the only vector-related adverse event, resulted in no attributable vision sequelae and was related to vector dose: 5 of 7 (71%) higher-dose eyes vs 3 of 21 (14%) low-, medium-, or high-dose eyes (P < .001). Incident uveitis requiring treatment was associated with increased serum AAV2 neutralizing antibody titers (p=0.007) but not serum AAV2 polymerase chain reaction. Improvements of ≥15-letter BCVA occurred in some treated and fellow eyes of groups 1 and 2 and some surrogate study and fellow eyes of natural history subjects. All study eyes (BCVA ≥20/40) in group 3 lost ≥15 letters within the first year despite treatment. CONCLUSIONS G11778A LHON gene therapy has a favorable safety profile. Our results suggest that if there is an efficacy effect, it is likely small and not dose related. Demonstration of efficacy requires randomization of patients to a group not receiving vector in either eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron L Lam
- From the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (B.L.L., W.J.F., J.L.D., V.P., H.Y., E.V., J.G.) and Department of Microbiology and Immunology (R.B.L.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
| | - William J Feuer
- From the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (B.L.L., W.J.F., J.L.D., V.P., H.Y., E.V., J.G.) and Department of Microbiology and Immunology (R.B.L.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Janet L Davis
- From the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (B.L.L., W.J.F., J.L.D., V.P., H.Y., E.V., J.G.) and Department of Microbiology and Immunology (R.B.L.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Vittorio Porciatti
- From the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (B.L.L., W.J.F., J.L.D., V.P., H.Y., E.V., J.G.) and Department of Microbiology and Immunology (R.B.L.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Hong Yu
- From the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (B.L.L., W.J.F., J.L.D., V.P., H.Y., E.V., J.G.) and Department of Microbiology and Immunology (R.B.L.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Robert B Levy
- From the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (B.L.L., W.J.F., J.L.D., V.P., H.Y., E.V., J.G.) and Department of Microbiology and Immunology (R.B.L.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Elizabeth Vanner
- From the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (B.L.L., W.J.F., J.L.D., V.P., H.Y., E.V., J.G.) and Department of Microbiology and Immunology (R.B.L.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - John Guy
- From the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (B.L.L., W.J.F., J.L.D., V.P., H.Y., E.V., J.G.) and Department of Microbiology and Immunology (R.B.L.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Nie Z, Wang C, Chen J, Ji Y, Zhang H, Zhao F, Zhou X, Guan MX. Abnormal morphology and function in retinal ganglion cells derived from patients-specific iPSCs generated from individuals with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 32:231-243. [PMID: 35947995 PMCID: PMC9840204 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited eye disease that results from degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). Mitochondrial ND4 11778G > A mutation, which affects structural components of complex I, is the most prevalent LHON-associated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation worldwide. The m.11778G > A mutation is the primary contributor underlying the development of LHON and X-linked PRICKLE3 allele (c.157C > T, p.Arg53Trp) linked to biogenesis of ATPase interacts with m.11778G > A mutation to cause LHON. However, the lack of appropriate cell and animal models of LHON has been significant obstacles for deep elucidation of disease pathophysiology, specifically the tissue-specific effects. Using RGC-like cells differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from members of one Chinese family (asymptomatic subjects carrying only m.11778G > A mutation or PRICKLE3 p.Arg53Trp mutation, symptomatic individuals bearing both m.11778G > A and PRICKLE3 p.Arg53Trp mutations and control lacking these mutations), we demonstrated the deleterious effects of mitochondrial dysfunctions on the morphology and functions of RGCs. Notably, iPSCs bearing only m.11778G > A or p.Arg53Trp mutation exhibited mild defects in differentiation to RGC-like cells. The RGC-like cells carrying only m.11778G > A or p.Arg53Trp mutation displayed mild defects in RGC morphology, including the area of soma and numbers of neurites, electrophysiological properties, ATP contents and apoptosis. Strikingly, those RGC-like cells derived from symptomatic individuals harboring both m.11778G > A and p.Arg53Trp mutations displayed greater defects in the development, morphology and functions than those in cells bearing single mutation. These findings provide new insights into pathophysiology of LHON arising from RGC deficiencies caused by synergy between m.11778G > A and PRICKLE3 p.Arg53Trp mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yanchun Ji
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Institute of Genetics and Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fuxin Zhao
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangtian Zhou
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China. Tel: 86-571-88206916; Fax: 86-571-88982377;
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12
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Xu Q, Sun P, Feng C, Chen Q, Sun X, Chen Y, Tian G. Varying Clinical Phenotypes of Mitochondrial DNA T12811C Mutation: A Case Series Report. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:912103. [PMID: 35860740 PMCID: PMC9291510 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.912103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The T12811C mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation has been reported in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) previously, with vision loss as the main manifestation. The involvement of other organ systems, including the central and peripheral nervous system, heart, and extraocular muscles, has not been well described. This case series report investigated four patients with T12811C mtDNA mutation, verified through a next generation sequencing. Two male patients presented with bilateral subacute visual decrease combined with involvement of multiple organ systems: leukoencephalopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, neurosensory deafness, spinal cord lesion and peripheral neuropathies. Two female patients presented with progressive ptosis and ophthalmoplegia, one of whom also manifested optic atrophy. This study found out that patients harboring T12811C mtDNA mutation manifested not only as vision loss, but also as a multi-system disorder affecting the nervous system, heart, and extraocular muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyi Feng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yuhong Chen,
| | - Guohong Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Guohong Tian,
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13
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Moreker MR, Sharma TR, Khadilkar SV. Ethambutol-induced conversion in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy: 6 years follow-up. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:2760-2762. [PMID: 35791239 PMCID: PMC9426187 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1758_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mayur R Moreker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tanuj R Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish V Khadilkar
- Department of Neurology, Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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14
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Liang M, Ji C, Zhang L, Wang X, Hu C, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Mo JQ, Guan MX. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)-associated ND6 14 484 T > C mutation caused pleiotropic effects on the complex I, RNA homeostasis, apoptosis and mitophagy. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3299-3312. [PMID: 35567411 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited eye disease due to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. LHON-linked ND6 14 484 T > C (p.M64V) mutation affected structural components of complex I but its pathophysiology is poorly understood. The structural analysis of complex I revealed that the M64 forms a nonpolar interaction Y59 in the ND6, Y59 in the ND6 interacts with E34 of ND4L, and L60 of ND6 interacts with the Y114 of ND1. These suggested that the m.14484 T > C mutation may perturb the structure and function of complex I. Mutant cybrids constructed by transferring mitochondria from lymphoblastoid cell lines of one Chinese LHON family into mtDNA-less (ρo) cells revealed decreases in the levels of ND6, ND1 and ND4L. The m.14484 T > C mutation may affect mitochondrial mRNA homeostasis, supported by reduced levels of SLIRP and SUPV3L1 involved in mRNA degradation and increasing expression of ND6, ND1 and ND4L genes. These alterations yielded decreased activity of complex I, respiratory deficiency, diminished mitochondrial ATP production and reduced membrane potential, and increased production of reactive oxygen species in the mutant cybrids. Furthermore, the m.14484 T > C mutation promoted apoptosis, evidenced by elevating Annexin V-positive cells, release of cytochrome c into cytosol, levels in apoptotic proteins BAX, caspases 3, 7, 9 and decreasing levels in anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL in the mutant cybrids. Moreover, the cybrids bearing the m.14484 T > C mutation exhibited the reduced levels of autophagy protein LC3, increased levels of substrate P62 and impaired PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy. Our findings highlighted the critical role of m.14484 T > C mutation in the pathogenesis of LHON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.,Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chun Ji
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and National Clinic Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Liyao Zhang
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Cuifang Hu
- Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.,School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yiwei Zhu
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jun Q Mo
- Department of Pathology, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California 92123, USA
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and National Clinic Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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15
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Porciatti V, Alba DE, Feuer WJ, Davis J, Guy J, Lam BL. The Relationship Between Stage of Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy and Pattern Electroretinogram Latency. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:31. [PMID: 35344016 PMCID: PMC8976918 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.3.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the baseline steady-state pattern electroretinogram (SS-PERG) of patients with G11778A Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) with different stages of visual acuity (VA) loss before allotopic gene therapy (GT). Methods Patients (n = 28) were enrolled into groups (GT I: chronic bilateral VA ≤35 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study [ETDRS]; GT II: acute bilateral VA ≤35 ETDRS; GT III: acute unilateral, VA ≤35 ETDRS, and better eye VA ≥70 ETDRS) and tested with SS-PERG together with 210 age-matched normal controls (NCs). SS-PERG amplitude (nV) and latency (ms) of each eye were averaged for groups GT I, GT II, and NC. Symptomatic eyes (GT III-S) and asymptomatic eyes (GT III-A) of group GT III were included separately and accounted for by using generalized estimating equation (GEE) methods. Results Compared to NC, SS-PERG amplitudes were reduced similarly by approximately 50% (P < 0.001) among all GT groups (NC > GT I, GT II, GT III-S, and GT III-A). SS-PERG latencies were shorter by ≥3.5 ms in all LHON groups and differed by disease stage (G III-A < NC, P = 0.002; GT III-S < GT III-A, P = 0.01; GT II < GT III-S, P = 0.03; GT I < NC, P < 0.001, but not different from other GT groups, all P > 0.1). Conclusions Although SS-PERG amplitude reduction did not distinguish between disease stages, SS-PERG latency shortening occurred in asymptomatic eyes and symptomatic eyes and distinguished between disease stages. Translational Relevance SS-PERG latency shortening is consistent with primary damage of smaller/slower axons and sparing of larger/faster axons and may provide an objective staging of LHON, which may be helpful to determine efficacy in LHON trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Porciatti
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Diego E Alba
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - William J Feuer
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Janet Davis
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - John Guy
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Byron L Lam
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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16
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Kurata K, Hosono K, Takayama M, Katsuno M, Saitsu H, Ogata T, Hotta Y. Retinitis pigmentosa with optic neuropathy and COQ2 mutations: A case report. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022; 25:101298. [PMID: 35112026 PMCID: PMC8789597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2022.101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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17
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Sahel JA, Newman NJ, Yu-Wai-Man P, Vignal-Clermont C, Carelli V, Biousse V, Moster ML, Sergott R, Klopstock T, Sadun AA, Blouin L, Katz B, Taiel M. Gene Therapies for the Treatment of Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2021; 61:195-208. [PMID: 34584057 PMCID: PMC8478322 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Zhang J, Ji Y, Chen J, Xu M, Wang G, Ci X, Lin B, Mo JQ, Zhou X, Guan MX. Assocation Between Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy and MT-ND1 3460G>A Mutation-Induced Alterations in Mitochondrial Function, Apoptosis, and Mitophagy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:38. [PMID: 34311469 PMCID: PMC8322717 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.9.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)-linked MT-ND1 3460G>A mutation. Methods Cybrid cell models were generated by fusing mitochondrial DNA-less ρ0 cells with enucleated cells from a patient carrying the m.3460G>A mutation and a control subject. The impact of m.3460G>A mutations on oxidative phosphorylation was evaluated using Blue Native gel electrophoresis, and measurements of oxygen consumption were made with an extracellular flux analyzer. Assessment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cell lines was performed by flow cytometry with MitoSOX Red reagent. Assays for apoptosis and mitophagy were undertaken via immunofluorescence analysis. Results Nineteen Chinese Han pedigrees bearing the m.3460G>A mutation exhibited variable penetrance and expression of LHON. The m.3460G>A mutation altered the structure and function of MT-ND1, as evidenced by reduced MT-ND1 levels in mutant cybrids bearing the mutation. The instability of mutated MT-ND1 manifested as defects in the assembly and activity of complex I, respiratory deficiency, diminished mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production, and decreased membrane potential, in addition to increased production of mitochondrial ROS in the mutant cybrids carrying the m.3460G>A mutation. The m.3460G>A mutation mediated apoptosis, as evidenced by the elevated release of cytochrome c into the cytosol and increasing levels of the apoptotic-associated proteins BAK, BAX, and PARP, as well as cleaved caspases 3, 7, and 9, in the mutant cybrids. The cybrids bearing the m.3460G>A mutation exhibited reduced levels of autophagy protein light chain 3, accumulation of autophagic substrate P62, and impaired PTEN-induced kinase 1/parkin-dependent mitophagy. Conclusions Our findings highlight the critical role of m.3460G>A mutation in the pathogenesis of LHON, manifested by mitochondrial dysfunction and alterations in apoptosis and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanchun Ji
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Man Xu
- Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaorui Ci
- Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing Lin
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Q Mo
- Department of Pathology, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Xiangtian Zhou
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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19
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An mtDNA mutant mouse demonstrates that mitochondrial deficiency can result in autism endophenotypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2021429118. [PMID: 33536343 PMCID: PMC8017921 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021429118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have increasingly been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, corroborated by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) germline and somatic variants being found in ASD patients. If mitochondrial defects can generate ASD, then specific mtDNA mutations should induce ASD endophenotypes in mice. We tested this prediction by introduction of an mtDNA ND6 gene missense mutation (ND6P25L) into the mouse germline and found ASD endophenotypes. The ND6P25L mice exhibit impaired social interaction, compulsive behavior, and increased anxiety. They have reduced electroencephalographic delta and theta wave power, increased predilection to seizures, but without diminution of hippocampal interneurons. These endophenotypes correlate with impaired cortical and hippocampal mitochondrial respiration and increased reactive oxygen species production. Thus, mitochondrial defects can be sufficient to produce ASD phenotypes. Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by a deficit in social communication, pathologic repetitive behaviors, restricted interests, and electroencephalogram (EEG) aberrations. While exhaustive analysis of nuclear DNA (nDNA) variation has revealed hundreds of copy number variants (CNVs) and loss-of-function (LOF) mutations, no unifying hypothesis as to the pathophysiology of ASD has yet emerged. Based on biochemical and physiological analyses, it has been hypothesized that ASD may be the result of a systemic mitochondrial deficiency with brain-specific manifestations. This proposal has been supported by recent mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analyses identifying both germline and somatic mtDNA variants in ASD. If mitochondrial defects do predispose to ASD, then mice with certain mtDNA mutations should present with autism endophenotypes. To test this prediction, we examined a mouse strain harboring an mtDNA ND6 gene missense mutation (P25L). This mouse manifests impaired social interactions, increased repetitive behaviors and anxiety, EEG alterations, and a decreased seizure threshold, in the absence of reduced hippocampal interneuron numbers. EEG aberrations were most pronounced in the cortex followed by the hippocampus. Aberrations in mitochondrial respiratory function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were also most pronounced in the cortex followed by the hippocampus, but absent in the olfactory bulb. These data demonstrate that mild systemic mitochondrial defects can result in ASD without apparent neuroanatomical defects and that systemic mitochondrial mutations can cause tissue-specific brain defects accompanied by regional neurophysiological alterations.
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Jin X, Zhang J, Yi Q, Meng F, Yu J, Ji Y, Mo JQ, Tong Y, Jiang P, Guan MX. Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Arising From the Synergy Between ND1 3635G>A Mutation and Mitochondrial YARS2 Mutations. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:22. [PMID: 34156427 PMCID: PMC8237128 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.7.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the mechanism underlying the synergic interaction between Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)-associated ND1 and mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YARS2) mutations. Methods Molecular dynamics simulation and differential scanning fluorimetry were used to evaluate the structure and stability of proteins. The impact of ND1 3635G>A and YARS2 p.G191V mutations on the oxidative phosphorylation machinery was evaluated using blue native gel electrophoresis and enzymatic activities assays. Assessment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cell lines was performed by flow cytometry with MitoSOX Red reagent. Analysis of effect of mutations on autophagy was undertaken via flow cytometry for autophagic flux. Results Members of one Chinese family bearing both the YARS2 p.191Gly>Val and m.3635G>A mutations exhibited much higher penetrance of optic neuropathy than those pedigrees carrying only the m.3635G>A mutation. The m.3635G>A (p.Ser110Asn) mutation altered the ND1 structure and function, whereas the p.191Gly>Val mutation affected the stability of YARS2. Lymphoblastoid cell lines harboring both m.3635G>A and p.191Gly>Val mutations revealed more reductions in the levels of mitochondrion-encoding ND1 and CO2 than cells bearing only the m.3635G>A mutation. Strikingly, both m.3635G>A and p.191Gly>Val mutations exhibited decreases in the nucleus-encoding subunits of complex I and IV. These deficiencies manifested greater defects in the stability and activities of complex I and complex IV and overproduction of ROS and promoted greater autophagy in cell lines harboring both m.3635G>A and p.191Gly>Val mutations compared with cells bearing only the m.3635G>A mutation. Conclusions Our findings provide new insights into the pathophysiology of LHON arising from the synergy between ND1 3635G>A mutation and mitochondrial YARS2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Jin
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education of PRC, The Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and National Clinic Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiuzi Yi
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and National Clinic Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feilong Meng
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and National Clinic Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jialing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education of PRC, The Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and National Clinic Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanchun Ji
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and National Clinic Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Q Mo
- Department of Pathology, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Yi Tong
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pingping Jiang
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and National Clinic Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education of PRC, The Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and National Clinic Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Toronto Joint Institute of Genetics and Genome Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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21
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A Typical Case Presentation with Spontaneous Visual Recovery in Patient Diagnosed with Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy due to Rare Point Mutation in MT-ND4 Gene ( m.11253T>C) and Literature Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57030202. [PMID: 33652663 PMCID: PMC7996816 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is one of the most common inherited mitochondrial optic neuropathies, caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Three most common mutations, namely m.11778G>A, m.14484T>G and m.3460G>A, account for the majority of LHON cases. These mutations lead to mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I damage. Typically, LHON presents at the 15–35 years of age with male predominance. LHON is associated with severe, subacute, painless bilateral vision loss and account for one of the most common causes of legal blindness in young individuals. Spontaneous visual acuity recovery is rare and has been reported in patients harbouring m.14484T>C mutation. Up to date LHON treatment is limited. Idebenone has been approved by European Medicines Agency (EMA) to treat LHON. However better understanding of disease mechanisms and ongoing treatment trials are promising and brings hope for patients. In this article we report on a patient diagnosed with LHON harbouring rare m.11253T>C mutation in MT-ND4 gene, who experienced spontaneous visual recovery. In addition, we summarise clinical presentation, diagnostic features, and treatment.
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Vignal-Clermont C, Girmens JF, Audo I, Said SM, Errera MH, Plaine L, O'Shaughnessy D, Taiel M, Sahel JA. Safety of Intravitreal Gene Therapy for Treatment of Subjects with Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy due to Mutations in the Mitochondrial ND4 Gene: The REVEAL Study. BioDrugs 2021; 35:201-214. [PMID: 33566264 PMCID: PMC7952288 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-021-00468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited mitochondrial disease whose primary clinical manifestation is bilateral visual loss. Only a single therapy, idebenone, is approved in Europe for use in exceptional circumstances and no therapy is currently approved in the USA. LHON remains a disease with a high unmet medical need. Objective This is a report of an open-label, single-center, dose-escalation study that evaluated the safety and tolerability of lenadogene nolparvovec in 15 subjects with LHON for up to 5 years following a single intravitreal injection at four dose levels. Methods Subjects were enrolled sequentially in four cohorts followed by an additional cohort at the dose selected, and safety was assessed by an independent data safety monitoring board (DSMB) prior to any dose escalation. Results Overall, the treatment was well tolerated during the 5-year follow-up. No serious adverse events were considered related to treatment, no unexpected adverse events occurred, and no grade 3 or 4 Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events were reported. Anterior chamber inflammation and vitritis were mostly managed with topical steroids, and ocular inflammation was considered to be dose limiting by the DSMB based on the benefits/risks for the subjects. Analysis of the logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (LogMAR) visual acuity in both treated and untreated eyes showed clinically relevant and durable improvements compared with baseline. Mean improvements of − 0.44 and − 0.49 LogMAR for treated and untreated eyes, respectively, were noted, with a mean (± standard deviation) final value of LogMAR + 1.96 ± 0.60 and + 1.65 ± 0.34, respectively, at 5 years post-treatment administration. For the six subjects treated with the optimal dose level (9 × 1010 viral genomes [vg]/eye), the mean visual acuity improvement from baseline reached − 0.68 LogMAR for treated eyes and − 0.64 LogMAR for untreated eyes, with a mean final value of LogMAR + 1.77 ± 0.52 and + 1.78 ± 0.34, respectively. While there was a meaningful improvement in visual acuity for REVEAL subjects, the final visual acuity was less favorable than that seen in the two subsequent pivotal phase III studies in which subjects were treated earlier during the course of their disease. Conclusion Lenadogene nolparvovec was well tolerated with a good safety profile during 5 years of follow-up and may offer meaningful lasting improvements in vision for this LHON population. Clinical Trial Number EUDRACT N° 2013-001405-90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Vignal-Clermont
- Department of Neuro Ophthalmology and Emergencies, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France.,Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze Vingts, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Girmens
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze Vingts, Paris, France.,CHNO des Quinze Vingts, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire FOReSIGHT, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Audo
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze Vingts, Paris, France.,CHNO des Quinze Vingts, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire FOReSIGHT, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Saddek Mohand Said
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze Vingts, Paris, France.,CHNO des Quinze Vingts, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire FOReSIGHT, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Errera
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze Vingts, Paris, France.,CHNO des Quinze Vingts, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire FOReSIGHT, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lise Plaine
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze Vingts, Paris, France.,CHNO des Quinze Vingts, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire FOReSIGHT, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France
| | | | | | - José-Alain Sahel
- CHNO des Quinze Vingts, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire FOReSIGHT, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France.,Fondation Ophtalmologique A. de Rothschild, 25-29 Rue Manin, 75019, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Yu J, Liang X, Ji Y, Ai C, Liu J, Zhu L, Nie Z, Jin X, Wang C, Zhang J, Zhao F, Mei S, Zhao X, Zhou X, Zhang M, Wang M, Huang T, Jiang P, Guan MX. PRICKLE3 linked to ATPase biogenesis manifested Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:4935-4946. [PMID: 32516135 PMCID: PMC7456240 DOI: 10.1172/jci134965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited eye disease. X-linked nuclear modifiers were proposed to modify the phenotypic manifestation of LHON-associated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. By whole-exome sequencing, we identified the X-linked LHON modifier (c.157C>T, p.Arg53Trp) in PRICKLE3 encoding a mitochondrial protein linked to biogenesis of ATPase in 3 Chinese families. All affected individuals carried both ND4 11778G>A and p.Arg53Trp mutations, while subjects bearing only a single mutation exhibited normal vision. The cells carrying the p.Arg53Trp mutation exhibited defective assembly, stability, and function of ATP synthase, verified by PRICKLE3-knockdown cells. Coimmunoprecipitation indicated the direct interaction of PRICKLE3 with ATP synthase via ATP8. Strikingly, cells bearing both p.Arg53Trp and m.11778G>A mutations displayed greater mitochondrial dysfunction than those carrying only a single mutation. This finding indicated that the p.Arg53Trp mutation acted in synergy with the m.11778G>A mutation and deteriorated mitochondrial dysfunctions necessary for the expression of LHON. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Prickle3-deficient mice exhibited pronounced ATPase deficiencies. Prickle3-knockout mice recapitulated LHON phenotypes with retinal deficiencies, including degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and abnormal vasculature. Our findings provided new insights into the pathophysiology of LHON that were manifested by interaction between mtDNA mutations and X-linked nuclear modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Yu
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Genetics and
- Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liang
- Institute of Genetics and
- Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanchun Ji
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Genetics and
- Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Ai
- Institute of Genetics and
- Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junxia Liu
- Institute of Genetics and
- Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Genetics and
- Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Nie
- Institute of Genetics and
- Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Jin
- Institute of Genetics and
- Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenghui Wang
- Institute of Genetics and
- Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Institute of Genetics and
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fuxin Zhao
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuang Mei
- Institute of Genetics and
- Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Genetics and
- Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangtian Zhou
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Minglian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Xingtai, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Genetics and
- Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Taosheng Huang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Pingping Jiang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Genetics and
- Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Genetics and
- Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Joint Institute of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Zhejiang University and University of Toronto, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Ji Y, Zhang J, Lu Y, Yi Q, Chen M, Xie S, Mao X, Xiao Y, Meng F, Zhang M, Yang R, Guan MX. Complex I mutations synergize to worsen the phenotypic expression of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13224-13238. [PMID: 32723871 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternal inheritance of eye disease because of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. We previously discovered a 3866T>C mutation within the gene for the ND1 subunit of complex I as possibly amplifying disease progression for patients bearing the disease-causing 11778G>A mutation within the gene for the ND4 subunit of complex I. However, whether and how the ND1 mutation exacerbates the ND4 mutation were unknown. In this report, we showed that four Chinese families bearing both m.3866T>C and m.11778G>A mutations exhibited higher penetrances of LHON than 6 Chinese pedigrees carrying only the m.3866T>C mutation or families harboring only the m.11778G>A mutation. The protein structure analysis revealed that the m.3866T>C (I187T) and m.11778G>A (R340H) mutations destabilized the specific interactions with other residues of ND1 and ND4, thereby altering the structure and function of complex I. Cellular data obtained using cybrids, constructed by transferring mitochondria from the Chinese families into mtDNA-less (ρ°) cells, demonstrated that the mutations perturbed the stability, assembly, and activity of complex I, leading to changes in mitochondrial ATP levels and membrane potential and increasing the production of reactive oxygen species. These mitochondrial dysfunctions promoted the apoptotic sensitivity of cells and decreased mitophagy. Cybrids bearing only the m.3866T>C mutation displayed mild mitochondrial dysfunctions, whereas those harboring both m.3866T>C and m.11778G>A mutations exhibited greater mitochondrial dysfunctions. These suggested that the m.3866T>C mutation acted in synergy with the m.11778G>A mutation, aggravating mitochondrial dysfunctions and contributing to higher penetrance of LHON in these families carrying both mtDNA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Ji
- Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiuzi Yi
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengquan Chen
- Department of Lab Medicine, Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shipeng Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoting Mao
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Xiao
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feilong Meng
- Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minglian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Rulai Yang
- Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Lab of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education of PRC, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Joint Institute of Genetics and Genomic Medicine between Zhejiang University and University of Toronto, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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25
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Liu XT, Shen MX, Chen C, Huang SH, Zhuang XR, Ma QK, Chen Q, Lu F, Yuan YM. Foveal pit morphological changes in asymptomatic carriers of the G11778A mutation with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:766-772. [PMID: 32420224 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.05.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the foveal pit morphology changes in unaffected carriers and affected Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) patients with the G11778A mutation from one family. METHODS This study was a prospective cross-sectional study. Both eyes from 16 family members (age from 9 to 47y) with the G11778A mutation were analyzed and compared with 1 eye from 20 normal control subjects. Eleven family members with the G11778A mutation but without optic neuropathy were classified as unaffected carriers (n=22 eyes). Five family members (n=10 eyes) expressed the LHON phenotype and were classified as affected patients. Retinal images of all the subjects were taken by optical coherence tomography (OCT), and an automatic algorithm was used to segment the retina to eight layers. Horizontal and vertical OCT images centered on the fovea were used to measure intra-retinal layer thicknesses and foveal morphometry. RESULTS Thicker foveal thickness, thinner foveal pit depth, and flatter foveal slopes were observed in unaffected carriers and affected LHON patients (all P<0.001). Further, the slopes of all four sectors in the LHON were flatter than those in the unaffected carriers (all P<0.001). Compared with the control group, affected LHON patients had a thinner retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer (GCL+IPL), and total retina (all P<0.01). The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) of affected patients was 38.0% thinner than that of controls while the GCL+IPL was 40.1% thinner. CONCLUSION The foveal pit morphology shows changes in both unaffected carriers and affects patients. RNFL and GCL+IPL are thinner in affected LHON patients but not in unaffected carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ting Liu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mei-Xiao Shen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chong Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sheng-Hai Huang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xi-Ran Zhuang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qing-Kai Ma
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fan Lu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Min Yuan
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
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Bruschi M, Bartolucci M, Petretto A, Calzia D, Caicci F, Manni L, Traverso CE, Candiano G, Panfoli I. Differential expression of the five redox complexes in the retinal mitochondria or rod outer segment disks is consistent with their different functionality. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:315-324. [PMID: 32395704 PMCID: PMC7211042 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The retinal rod outer segment (OS) disk membranes, devoid of mitochondria, conducts oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). This study aimed at identifying which proteins expressed in the retinal rod OS disks determined the considerable adenosine-5'-triphosphate production and oxygen consumption observed in comparison with retinal mitochondria. PROCEDURES Characterization was conducted by immunogold transmission electron microscopy on retinal sections. OxPhos was studied by oximetry and luminometry. The proteomes of OS disks and mitochondria purified from bovine retinas were studied by mass spectrometry. Statistical and bioinformatic analyses were conducted by univariate, multivariate, and machine learning methods. RESULTS Weighted gene coexpression network analysis identified two protein expression profile modules functionally associated with either retinal mitochondria or disk samples, in function of a strikingly different ability of each sample to utilized diverse substrate for F1Fo-ATP synthase. The OS disk proteins correlated better than mitochondria with the tricarboxylic acids cycle and OxPhos proteins. CONCLUSIONS The differential enrichment of the expression profile of the OxPhos proteins in the disks versus mitochondria suggests that these proteins may represent a true proteome component of the former, with different functionality. These findings may shed new light on the pathogenesis of rod-driven retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Bruschi
- Laboratory of Molecular NephrologyIstituto Giannina GasliniGenoaItaly
| | - Martina Bartolucci
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry‐Core FacilitiesIstituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry‐Core FacilitiesIstituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly
| | - Daniela Calzia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia‐DIFARUniversità di GenovaGenoaItaly
| | | | - Lucia Manni
- Department of BiologyUniversità di PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Carlo Enrico Traverso
- Clinica Oculistica, (Di.N.O.G.M.I.) Università Department of Intensive Care di GenovaIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino‐ISTGenoaItaly
| | - Giovanni Candiano
- Laboratory of Molecular NephrologyIstituto Giannina GasliniGenoaItaly
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Zhou L, Chan JCY, Chupin S, Gueguen N, Desquiret-Dumas V, Koh SK, Li J, Gao Y, Deng L, Verma C, Beuerman RW, Chan ECY, Milea D, Reynier P. Increased Protein S-Glutathionylation in Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21083027. [PMID: 32344771 PMCID: PMC7215361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21083027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON, MIM#535000) is the most common form of inherited optic neuropathies and mitochondrial DNA-related diseases. The pathogenicity of mutations in genes encoding components of mitochondrial Complex I is well established, but the underlying pathomechanisms of the disease are still unclear. Hypothesizing that oxidative stress related to Complex I deficiency may increase protein S-glutathionylation, we investigated the proteome-wide S-glutathionylation profiles in LHON (n = 11) and control (n = 7) fibroblasts, using the GluICAT platform that we recently developed. Glutathionylation was also studied in healthy fibroblasts (n = 6) after experimental Complex I inhibition. The significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the LHON group by Complex I was shown experimentally. Among the 540 proteins which were globally identified as glutathionylated, 79 showed a significantly increased glutathionylation (p < 0.05) in LHON and 94 in Complex I-inhibited fibroblasts. Approximately 42% (33/79) of the altered proteins were shared by the two groups, suggesting that Complex I deficiency was the main cause of increased glutathionylation. Among the 79 affected proteins in LHON fibroblasts, 23% (18/79) were involved in energetic metabolism, 31% (24/79) exhibited catalytic activity, 73% (58/79) showed various non-mitochondrial localizations, and 38% (30/79) affected the cell protein quality control. Integrated proteo-metabolomic analysis using our previous metabolomic study of LHON fibroblasts also revealed similar alterations of protein metabolism and, in particular, of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. S-glutathionylation is mainly known to be responsible for protein loss of function, and molecular dynamics simulations and 3D structure predictions confirmed such deleterious impacts on adenine nucleotide translocator 2 (ANT2), by weakening its affinity to ATP/ADP. Our study reveals a broad impact throughout the cell of Complex I-related LHON pathogenesis, involving a generalized protein stress response, and provides a therapeutic rationale for targeting S-glutathionylation by antioxidative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (S.K.K.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (R.W.B.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (D.M.); (P.R.)
| | - James Chun Yip Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (J.C.Y.C.); (E.C.Y.C.)
| | - Stephanie Chupin
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49933 Angers, France; (S.C.); (N.G.); (V.D.-D.)
| | - Naïg Gueguen
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49933 Angers, France; (S.C.); (N.G.); (V.D.-D.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Valérie Desquiret-Dumas
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49933 Angers, France; (S.C.); (N.G.); (V.D.-D.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Siew Kwan Koh
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (S.K.K.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (R.W.B.)
| | - Jianguo Li
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (S.K.K.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (R.W.B.)
- Atomistic Simulations and Design in Biology, Bioinformatics Institute, 30 Biopolis Street, #07–01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore;
| | - Yan Gao
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (S.K.K.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (R.W.B.)
| | - Lu Deng
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore;
| | - Chandra Verma
- Atomistic Simulations and Design in Biology, Bioinformatics Institute, 30 Biopolis Street, #07–01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore;
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singpaore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Roger W Beuerman
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (S.K.K.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (R.W.B.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (J.C.Y.C.); (E.C.Y.C.)
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Dan Milea
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (S.K.K.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (R.W.B.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49933 Angers, France
- Neuro-Ophthalmology Department, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singpaore
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (D.M.); (P.R.)
| | - Pascal Reynier
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49933 Angers, France; (S.C.); (N.G.); (V.D.-D.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (D.M.); (P.R.)
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Ji Y, Zhang J, Yu J, Wang Y, Lu Y, Liang M, Li Q, Jin X, Wei Y, Meng F, Gao Y, Cang X, Tong Y, Liu X, Zhang M, Jiang P, Zhu T, Mo JQ, Huang T, Jiang P, Guan MX. Contribution of mitochondrial ND1 3394T>C mutation to the phenotypic manifestation of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:1515-1529. [PMID: 30597069 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and their pathophysiology remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the pathophysiology of a LHON susceptibility allele (m.3394T>C, p.30Y>H) in the Mitochondrial (MT)-ND1 gene. The incidence of m.3394T>C mutation was 2.7% in the cohort of 1741 probands with LHON. Extremely low penetrances of LHON were observed in 26 pedigrees carrying only m.3394T>C mutation, while 21 families bearing m.3394T>C, together with m.11778G>A or m.14484T>C mutation, exhibited higher penetrance of LHON than those in families carrying single mtDNA mutation(s). The m.3394T>C mutation disrupted the specific electrostatic interactions between Y30 of p.MT-ND1 with the sidechain of E4 and backbone carbonyl group of M1 of NDUFA1 (NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1) of complex I, thereby altering the structure and function of complex I. We demonstrated that these cybrids bearing only m.3394T>C mutation caused mild mitochondrial dysfunctions and those harboring both m.3394T>C and m.11778G>A mutations exhibited greater mitochondrial dysfunctions than cybrids carrying only m.11778G>A mutation. In particular, the m.3394T>C mutation altered the stability of p.MT-ND1 and complex I assembly. Furthermore, the m.3394T>C mutation decreased the activities of mitochondrial complexes I, diminished mitochondrial ATP levels and membrane potential and increased the production of reactive oxygen species in the cybrids. These m.3394T>C mutation-induced alterations aggravated mitochondrial dysfunctions associated with the m.11778G>A mutation. These resultant biochemical defects contributed to higher penetrance of LHON in these families carrying both mtDNA mutations. Our findings provide new insights into the pathophysiology of LHON arising from the synergy between mitochondrial ND1 and ND4 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Ji
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jialing Yu
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Liang
- Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofen Jin
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinsheng Wei
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feilong Meng
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinglong Gao
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Cang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Tong
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minglian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Peifang Jiang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Qin Mo
- Department of Pathology, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Taosheng Huang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Pingping Jiang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Lab of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education of PRC, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Joint Institute of Genetics and Genomic Medicine between Zhejiang University and University of Toronto, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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29
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Lim HB, Shin YI, Lee MW, Park GS, Kim JY. Longitudinal Changes in the Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. JAMA Ophthalmol 2019; 137:1125-1132. [PMID: 31343674 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.2537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Importance Type 2 diabetes is expected to accelerate age-related peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) loss, but limited information on the rate of reduction in pRNFL thicknesses in patients with type 2 diabetes is available. Objective To investigate longitudinal changes in pRNFL thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes, with or without diabetic retinopathy (DR). Design, Setting, and Participants A total of 164 eyes of 63 healthy individuals and 101 patients with type 2 diabetes (49 patients without DR [non-DR group] and 52 patients with mild to moderate nonproliferative DR [NPDR group]) were enrolled in this prospective, longitudinal, observational study from January 2, 2013, through February 27, 2015. Participants were followed up for 3 years, and the peripapillary mean and sector RNFL thicknesses were measured at 1-year intervals. The mean rate of pRNFL loss was estimated using a linear mixed model and compared among the 3 groups. Follow-up was completed on March 16, 2018, and data were analyzed from April 2 through July 27, 2018. Exposure Type 2 diabetes. Main Outcomes and Measures The rate of reduction in pRNFL thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes. Results A total of 164 participants (88 women [53.7%]; mean [SD] age, 58.2 [8.7] years) were included in the study analysis. The mean (SD) age of the control group was 56.5 (9.3) years (39 women [61.9%]); the non-DR group, 59.1 (9.4) years (26 women [53.1%]); and the NPDR group, 59.4 (11.0) years (23 women [44.2%]). Mean (SD) duration of type 2 diabetes was 7.1 (4.4) years in the non-DR group and 13.2 (8.4) years in the NPDR group. The baseline mean (SD) pRNFL thickness was 96.2 (11.0) μm in the control group, 93.5 (6.4) μm in the non-DR group, and 90.4 (7.9) μm in the NPDR group. During 3 years of follow-up, these values decreased to 95.0 (9.2) μm in the control group, 90.3 (6.4) in the non-DR group, and 86.6 (7.9) μm in the NPDR group. In a linear mixed model, the estimated mean pRNFL loss was -0.92 μm/y in the non-DR group (P < .001) and -1.16 μm/y in the NPDR group (P < .001), which was 2.9-fold (95% CI, 1.1-14.8; P = .003) and 3.3-fold (95% CI, 1.4-18.0; P < .001) greater, respectively, than that of the control group (-0.35 μm/y; P = .01). Conclusions and Relevance Progressive reduction of pRNFL thickness was observed in healthy controls and patients with type 2 diabetes without and with DR; however, type 2 diabetes was associated with a greater loss of pRNFL regardless of whether DR was present. These findings suggest that pRNFL loss may occur in people with type 2 diabetes even in the absence of DR progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Bin Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Il Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Seok Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeul Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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30
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Asanad S, Frousiakis S, Wang MY, Fantini M, Sultan W, Wood T, Nwako FU, Karanjia R, Sadun AA. Improving the visual outcome in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy: Framework for the future. J Curr Ophthalmol 2019; 31:251-253. [PMID: 31528757 PMCID: PMC6742611 DOI: 10.1016/j.joco.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Asanad
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Huntington Memorial Hospital, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,University of Udine, Department of Ophthalmology, Udine, Italy.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Starleen Frousiakis
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Huntington Memorial Hospital, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,University of Udine, Department of Ophthalmology, Udine, Italy.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Y Wang
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,University of Udine, Department of Ophthalmology, Udine, Italy.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michele Fantini
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,University of Udine, Department of Ophthalmology, Udine, Italy.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William Sultan
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Terry Wood
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Francis U Nwako
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rustum Karanjia
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alfredo A Sadun
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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31
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Chen Z, Zhang F, Xu H. Human mitochondrial DNA diseases and Drosophila models. J Genet Genomics 2019; 46:201-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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32
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Jurkute N, Majander A, Bowman R, Votruba M, Abbs S, Acheson J, Lenaers G, Amati-Bonneau P, Moosajee M, Arno G, Yu-Wai-Man P. Clinical utility gene card for: inherited optic neuropathies including next-generation sequencing-based approaches. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:494-502. [PMID: 30143805 PMCID: PMC6460557 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neringa Jurkute
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Anna Majander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard Bowman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Marcela Votruba
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stephen Abbs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Acheson
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Guy Lenaers
- PREMMi/Mitochondrial Medicine Research Centre, Institut MITOVASC, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Patrizia Amati-Bonneau
- PREMMi/Mitochondrial Medicine Research Centre, Institut MITOVASC, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gavin Arno
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
- Newcastle Eye Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Zhang J, Ji Y, Lu Y, Fu R, Xu M, Liu X, Guan MX. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)-associated ND5 12338T > C mutation altered the assembly and function of complex I, apoptosis and mitophagy. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:1999-2011. [PMID: 29579248 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and their pathophysiology remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that a missense mutation (m.12338T>C, p.1M>T) in the ND5 gene contributed to the pathogenesis of LHON. The m.12338T>C mutation affected the first methionine (Met1) with a threonine and shortened two amino acids of ND5. We therefore hypothesized that the mutated ND5 perturbed the structure and function of complex I. Using the cybrid cell models, generated by fusing mtDNA-less (ρ°) cells with enucleated cells from LHON patients carrying the m.12338T>C mutation and a control subject belonging to the same mtDNA haplogroup, we demonstrated that the m.12338T>C mutation caused the reduction of ND5 polypeptide, perturbed assemble and activity of complex I. Furthermore, the m.12338T>C mutation caused respiratory deficiency, diminished mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate levels and membrane potential and increased the production of reactive oxygen species. The m.12338T>C mutation promoted apoptosis, evidenced by elevated release of cytochrome c into cytosol and increased levels of apoptosis-activated proteins: caspases 9, 3, 7 and Poly ADP ribose polymerase in the cybrids carrying the m.12338T>C mutation, as compared with control cybrids. Moreover, we also document the involvement of m.12338T>C mutation in decreased mitophagy, as showed by reduced levels of autophagy protein light chain 3 and accumulation of autophagic substrate p62 in the in mutant cybrids as compared with control cybrids. These data demonstrated the direct link between mitochondrial dysfunction caused by complex I mutation and apoptosis or mitophagy. Our findings may provide new insights into the pathophysiology of LHON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, China.,Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yanchun Ji
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, China.,Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Runing Fu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, China.,Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Man Xu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, China.,Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, China.,Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, China.,Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.,Joint Institute of Genetics and Genome Medicine between Zhejiang University and University of Toronto, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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34
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Orssaud C, Bidot S, Lamirel C, Brémond Gignac D, Touitou V, Vignal C. [Raxone in the Leber optical neuropathy: Parisian experience]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2019; 42:269-275. [PMID: 30712826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) causes a rapid and severe decrease in visual acuity. Raxone® (Idebenone, Santhera) is the only drug to have a European Marketing Authorization for the treatment of this optic neuropathy. It can be proposed in the first months after the onset of this optic neuropathy, according to an international consensus meeting. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective study of the efficacy of Raxone® on the visual acuity of patients with genetically confirmed LHON who were followed in four Parisian hospitals. The primary endpoint is the best recovery of LogMar visual acuity between baseline and the end of follow-up. The secondary endpoints are the evolution of LogMar visual acuity of the best eye at baseline and change in LogMar visual acuity for each eye considered separately. RESULTS Seventeen patients, three women and 14 men, mean age 34.2 years, naive to treatment with Raxone® were included in this study. The mean duration of treatment was 11.0±6.6 months. A mitochondrial DNA mutation was found in all patients. Only 2 had the 14484 mutation. A recovery of better LogMar visual acuity was found at the end of the treatment for 4 eyes (23.5 %), and a deterioration was observed for 8 (47.0 %). Only 2 eyes (11.7 %) with the best visual acuity at baseline improved. On the other hand, 17.6 % of the eyes considered separately had an improvement in their LogMar visual acuity at the end of the treatment. CONCLUSION The results confirm the trend of Raxone® treatment to improve patients' visual acuity. Given the recommendations of a consensus conference, this treatment should be started early after the onset of LHON. It is therefore important to look for this diagnosis in the presence of any hereditary optic neuropathy, in order to be able to initiate this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Orssaud
- UF d'ophtalmologie, CRMR Ophtara, HUPO/HEGP, AP-HP, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - S Bidot
- Fondation ophtalmologique A-de-Rothschild, 75019 Paris, France; Service d'ophtalmologie, CRMR Ophtara, hôpital de la Pitiè-Salpétrière, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France
| | - C Lamirel
- Fondation ophtalmologique A-de-Rothschild, 75019 Paris, France
| | - D Brémond Gignac
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CRMR Ophtara, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - V Touitou
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CRMR Ophtara, hôpital de la Pitiè-Salpétrière, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France
| | - C Vignal
- Fondation ophtalmologique A-de-Rothschild, 75019 Paris, France; CRMR maladies neuro rétiniennes, Centre nationale d'ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, 75012 Paris, France
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Heighton JN, Brady LI, Newman MC, Tarnopolsky MA. Clinical and demographic features of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia in a large adult-onset cohort. Mitochondrion 2019; 44:15-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Fantini M, Asanad S, Karanjia R, Sadun A. Hormone replacement therapy in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy: Accelerated visual recovery in vivo. J Curr Ophthalmol 2018; 31:102-105. [PMID: 30899856 PMCID: PMC6407313 DOI: 10.1016/j.joco.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report an accelerated course of visual recovery in a case of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) following treatment with idebenone and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). We hereby demonstrate the clinical utility of estrogen's protective role in LHON in vivo. Methods We present a case of LHON in a menopausal woman carrying the 10197 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation, who experienced loss of vision shortly after discontinuing her estrogen replacement regimen. Functional visual outcomes are reported following treatment with idebenone and HRT. Results The patient exhibited an accelerated course of visual recovery, experiencing improvement in vision as early as one month and complete reversal of vision loss by eight months post-therapy. Conclusion Idebenone treatment combined with HRT may have a synergistic effect in enhancing cellular bioenergetics and may explain the patient's accelerated visual improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fantini
- University of Udine, Department of Ophthalmology, Udine, Italy.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Asanad
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rustum Karanjia
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alfredo Sadun
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Mekala NK, Kurdys J, Depuydt MM, Vazquez EJ, Rosca MG. Apoptosis inducing factor deficiency causes retinal photoreceptor degeneration. The protective role of the redox compound methylene blue. Redox Biol 2018; 20:107-117. [PMID: 30300862 PMCID: PMC6175772 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) underlies a wide spectrum of human ailments known as mitochondrial diseases. Deficiencies in complex I of the electron transport chain (ETC) contribute to 30–40% of all cases of mitochondrial diseases, and leads to eye disease including optic nerve atrophy and retinal degeneration. The mechanisms responsible for organ damage in mitochondrial defects may include energy deficit, oxidative stress, and an increase in the NADH/NAD+ redox ratio due to decreased NAD+ regeneration. Currently, there is no effective treatment to alleviate human disease induced by complex I defect. Photoreceptor cells have the highest energy demand and dependence on OXPHOS for survival, and the lowest reserve capacity indicating that they are sensitive to OXPHOS defects. We investigated the effect of mitochondrial OXPHOS deficiency on retinal photoreceptors in a model of mitochondrial complex I defect (apoptosis inducing factor, AIF-deficient mice, Harlequin mice), and tested the protective effect of a mitochondrial redox compound (methylene blue, MB) on mitochondrial and photoreceptor integrity. MB prevented the reduction in the retinal thickness and protein markers for photoreceptor outer segments, Muller and ganglion cells, and altered mitochondrial integrity and function induced by AIF deficiency. In rotenone-induced complex I deficient 661 W cells (an immortalized mouse photoreceptor cell line) MB decreased the NADH/NAD+ ratio and oxidative stress without correcting the energy deficit, and improved cell survival. MB deactivated the mitochondrial stress response pathways, the unfolding protein response and mitophagy. In conclusion, preserving mitochondrial structure and function alleviates retinal photoreceptor degeneration in mitochondrial complex I defect. Mitochondrial complex I causes damage of the retinal photoreceptor cells and their outer segments. Methylene blue decreases the NADH/ NAD+ ratio and oxidative stress induced by complex I defect. Methylene blue deactivates the mitochondrial stress response pathways. Methylene blue maintains mitochondrial integrity and function. Methylene blue improves photoreceptor cell survival and outer segment integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen K Mekala
- Department of Foundational Sciences at Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Jacob Kurdys
- Department of Foundational Sciences at Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Mikayla M Depuydt
- Department of Foundational Sciences at Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Edwin J Vazquez
- Department of Foundational Sciences at Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Mariana G Rosca
- Department of Foundational Sciences at Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States.
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Inoue-Yanagimachi M, Himori N, Sato K, Kokubun T, Asano T, Shiga Y, Tsuda S, Kunikata H, Nakazawa T. Association between mitochondrial DNA damage and ocular blood flow in patients with glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 103:1060-1065. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background/AimsWe determined the relationship between tissue mean blur rate (MT) and mitochondrial dysfunction, represented by the mitochondrial/nuclear DNA (mtDNA/nDNA) ratio. We also investigated the usefulness of these biomarkers.MethodsWe assessed ocular blood flow in 123 eyes of 123 patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and 37 control eyes of 37 healthy subjects by measuring MT in the optic nerve head with laser speckle flowgraphy. We measured mtDNA and nDNA with PCR, calculated the mtDNA/nDNA ratio and compared this ratio with MT using Spearman’s rank test. We used multiple regression analysis to further investigate the association between MT and glaucoma in the most severe group.ResultsThe control and the patients with glaucoma had significant differences in the mtDNA/nDNA ratio, circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and MT. There was no significant relationship between the mtDNA/nDNA ratio and MT in patients with OAG overall or the female patients with OAG, but there was a significant relationship between the mtDNA/nDNA ratio and MT, temporal-MT and superior-MT in male patients with severe OAG (r=−0.46, p=0.03; r=−0.51, p=0.02; r=−0.61, p<0.01, respectively). Furthermore, we found that the mtDNA/nDNA ratio was an independent contributor to temporal-MT and superior-MT in these patients (p<0.01 and p=0.03, respectively).ConclusionWe found that there was a significant relationship between the mtDNA/nDNA ratio and MT in male patients with severe OAG, suggesting that the mtDNA/nDNA ratio may be a new biomarker in glaucoma and may help research on the vulnerability of these patients to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Chalkia D, Chang YC, Derbeneva O, Lvova M, Wang P, Mishmar D, Liu X, Singh LN, Chuang LM, Wallace DC. Mitochondrial DNA associations with East Asian metabolic syndrome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:878-892. [PMID: 29997041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has repeatedly been reported associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MS), as have mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) tRNA and duplication mutations and mtDNA haplogroup lineages. We identified 19 Taiwanese T2DM and MS pedigrees from Taiwan, with putative matrilineal transmission, one of which harbored the pathogenic mtDNA tRNALeu(UUR) nucleotide (nt) 3243A>G mutation on the N9a3 haplogroup background. We then recruited three independent Taiwanese cohorts, two from Taipei (N = 498, mean age 52 and N = 1002, mean age 44) and one from a non-urban environment (N = 501, mean age 57). All three cohorts were assessed for an array of metabolic parameters, their mtDNA haplogroups determined, and the haplogroups correlated with T2DM/MS phenotypes. Logistic regression analysis revealed that mtDNA haplogroups D5, F4, and N9a conferred T2DM protection, while haplogroups F4 and N9a were risk factors for hypertension (HTN), and F4 was a risk factor for obesity (OB). Additionally, the 5263C>T (ND2 A165V) variant commonly associated with F4 was associated with hypertension (HTN). Cybrids were prepared with macro-haplogroup N (defined by variants m.ND3 10398A (114T) and m.ATP6 8701A (59T)) haplogroups B4 and F1 mtDNAs and from macro-haplogroup M (variants m.ND3 10398G (114A) and m.ATP6 8701G (59A)) haplogroup M9 mtDNAs. Additionally, haplogroup B4 and F1 cybrids were prepared with and without the mtDNA variant in ND1 3394T>C (Y30H) reported to be associated with T2DM. Assay of mitochondria complex I in these cybrids revealed that macro-haplogroup N cybrids had lower activity than M cybrids, that haplogroup F cybrids had lower activity than B4 cybrids, and that the ND1 3394T>C (Y30H) variant reduced complex I on both the B4 and F1 background but with very different cumulative effects. These data support the hypothesis that functional mtDNA variants may contribute to the risk of developing T2DM and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Chalkia
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Yi-Cheng Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Olga Derbeneva
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Maria Lvova
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Dan Mishmar
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Information Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Larry N Singh
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America; Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Information Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.
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Pei L, Wallace DC. Mitochondrial Etiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:722-730. [PMID: 29290371 PMCID: PMC5891364 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The brain has the highest mitochondrial energy demand of any organ. Therefore, subtle changes in mitochondrial energy production will preferentially affect the brain. Considerable biochemical evidence has accumulated revealing mitochondrial defects associated with neuropsychiatric diseases. Moreover, the mitochondrial genome encompasses over a thousand nuclear DNA genes plus hundreds to thousands of copies of the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Therefore, partial defects in either the nuclear DNA or mtDNA genes or combinations of the two can be sufficient to cause neuropsychiatric disorders. Inherited and acquired mtDNA mutations have recently been associated with autism spectrum disorder, which parallels previous evidence of mtDNA variation in other neurological diseases. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction may be central to the etiology of a wide spectrum of neurological diseases. The mitochondria and the nucleus communicate to coordinate energy production and utilization, providing the potential for therapeutics by manipulating nuclear regulation of mitochondrial gene expression.
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Hull JT, Czeisler CA, Lockley SW. Suppression of Melatonin Secretion in Totally Visually Blind People by Ocular Exposure to White Light: Clinical Characteristics. Ophthalmology 2018; 125:1160-1171. [PMID: 29625838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although most totally visually blind individuals exhibit nonentrained circadian rhythms due to an inability of light to entrain the circadian pacemaker, a small proportion retain photic circadian entrainment, melatonin suppression, and other nonimage-forming responses to light. It is thought that these responses to light persist because of the survival of melanospin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which project primarily to the circadian pacemaker and are functionally distinct from the rod and cone photoreceptors that mediate vision. We aimed to assess the integrity of nonimage-forming photoreception in totally visually blind patients with a range of ocular disorders. DESIGN Within-subject, dark-controlled design. PARTICIPANTS A total of 18 totally visually blind individuals (7 females; mean age ± standard deviation = 49.8±11.0 years) with various causes of blindness, including 3 bilaterally enucleated controls. METHODS Melatonin concentrations were compared during exposure to a 6.5-hour bright white light (∼7000 lux) with melatonin concentrations measured 24 hours earlier at the corresponding clock times under dim-light (4 lux) conditions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Area under the curve (AUC) for melatonin concentration. RESULTS Melatonin concentrations were significantly suppressed (defined as ≥33% suppression) during the bright-light condition compared with the dim-light condition in 5 of 15 participants with eyes (retinitis pigmentosa, n = 2; retinopathy of prematurity [ROP], n = 2; bilateral retinal detachments, n = 1). Melatonin concentrations remained unchanged in response to light in the remaining 10 participants with eyes (ROP, n = 3; optic neuritis/neuropathy, n = 2; retinopathy unknown, n = 2; congenital glaucoma, n = 1; congenital rubella syndrome, n = 1; measles retinopathy, n = 1) and in all 3 bilaterally enucleated participants. CONCLUSIONS These data confirm that light-induced suppression of melatonin remains functionally intact in a minority of totally visually blind individuals with eyes. None of the bilaterally enucleated individuals or those with phthisis bulbi was responsive to light; of the remainder, half were responsive to light. Although inner retinal damage is associated with a high likelihood that nonimage-forming photoreception is absent, the impact of outer retinal damage is more ambiguous, and therefore the assessment of the presence, attenuation, or absence of nonimage-forming light responses in totally blind patients requires careful individual confirmation and cannot simply be assumed from the type of blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Hull
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven W Lockley
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Chalkia D, Singh LN, Leipzig J, Lvova M, Derbeneva O, Lakatos A, Hadley D, Hakonarson H, Wallace DC. Association Between Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroup Variation and Autism Spectrum Disorders. JAMA Psychiatry 2017; 74:1161-1168. [PMID: 28832883 PMCID: PMC5710217 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication, and repetitive or restrictive behavior. Although multiple physiologic and biochemical studies have reported defects in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in patients with ASD, the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation has remained relatively unexplored. OBJECTIVE To assess what impact mitochondrial lineages encompassing ancient mtDNA functional polymorphisms, termed haplogroups, have on ASD risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this cohort study, individuals with autism and their families were studied using the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange cohort genome-wide association studies data previously generated at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. From October 2010 to January 2017, we analyzed the data and used the mtDNA single-nucleotide polymorphisms interrogated by the Illumina HumanHap 550 chip to determine the mtDNA haplogroups of the individuals. Taking into account the familial structure of the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange data, we then determined whether the mtDNA haplogroups correlate with ASD risk. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Odds ratios of mitochondrial haplogroup as predictors of ASD risk. RESULTS Of 1624 patients with autism included in this study, 1299 were boys (80%) and 325 were girls (20%). Families in the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange collection (933 families, encompassing 4041 individuals: 1624 patients with ASD and 2417 healthy parents and siblings) had been previously recruited in the United States with no restrictions on age, sex, race/ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. Relative to the most common European haplogroup HHV, European haplogroups I, J, K, O-X, T, and U were associated with increased risk of ASD, as were Asian and Native American haplogroups A and M, with odds ratios ranging from 1.55 (95% CI, 1.16-2.06) to 2.18 (95% CI, 1.59-3) (adjusted P < .04). Hence, mtDNA haplogroup variation is an important risk factor for ASD. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Because haplogroups I, J, K, O-X, T, and U encompass 55% of the European population, mtDNA lineages must make a significant contribution to overall ASD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Chalkia
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine,
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania,Center for Systems Biomedicine, Division of Digestive
Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Larry N. Singh
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine,
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania
| | - Jeremy Leipzig
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics,
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania
| | - Maria Lvova
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine,
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania
| | - Olga Derbeneva
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine,
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania
| | - Anita Lakatos
- Institute of Memory Impairments and Neurological
Disorders, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine
| | - Dexter Hadley
- Center for Applied Genomics, Department of Pediatrics,
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Department of Pediatrics,
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania
| | - Douglas C. Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine,
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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Manickam AH, Michael MJ, Ramasamy S. Mitochondrial genetics and therapeutic overview of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Indian J Ophthalmol 2017; 65:1087-1092. [PMID: 29133631 PMCID: PMC5700573 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_358_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a common inherited mitochondrial disorder that is characterized by the degeneration of the optic nerves, leading to vision loss. The major mutations in the mitochondrial genes ND1, ND4, and ND6 of LHON subjects are found to increase the oxidative stress experienced by the optic nerve cell, thereby leading to nerve cell damage. Accurate treatments are not available and drugs that are commercially available like Idebenone, EPI-743, and Bendavia with their antioxidant role help in reducing the oxidative stress experienced by the cell thereby preventing the progression of the disease. Genetic counseling plays an effective role in making the family members aware of the inheritance pattern of the disease. Gene therapy is an alternative for curing the disease but is still under study. This review focuses on the role of mitochondrial genes in causing LHON and therapeutics available for treating the disease. A systematic search has been adopted in various databases using the keywords "LHON," "mitochondria," "ND1," "ND4," "ND6," and "therapy" and the following review on mitochondrial genetics and therapeutics of LHON has been developed with obtained articles from 1988 to 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agaath Hedina Manickam
- Molecular Genetics and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tami Nadu, India
| | - Minu Jenifer Michael
- Molecular Genetics and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tami Nadu, India
| | - Sivasamy Ramasamy
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tami Nadu, India
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Oxidative Stress: Mechanistic Insights into Inherited Mitochondrial Disorders and Parkinson's Disease. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6110100. [PMID: 29077060 PMCID: PMC5704117 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6110100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress arises when cellular antioxidant defences become overwhelmed by a surplus generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Once this occurs, many cellular biomolecules such as DNA, lipids, and proteins become susceptible to free radical-induced oxidative damage, and this may consequently lead to cellular and ultimately tissue and organ dysfunction. Mitochondria, as well as being a source of ROS, are vulnerable to oxidative stress-induced damage with a number of key biomolecules being the target of oxidative damage by free radicals, including membrane phospholipids, respiratory chain complexes, proteins, and mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA). As a result, a deficit in cellular energy status may occur along with increased electron leakage and partial reduction of oxygen. This in turn may lead to a further increase in ROS production. Oxidative damage to certain mitochondrial biomolecules has been associated with, and implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases. It is the purpose of this review to discuss the impact of such oxidative stress and subsequent damage by reviewing our current knowledge of the pathophysiology of several inherited mitochondrial disorders together with our understanding of perturbations observed in the more commonly acquired neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Furthermore, the potential use and feasibility of antioxidant therapies as an adjunct to lower the accumulation of damaging oxidative species and hence slow disease progression will also be discussed.
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Clinical effects of chemical exposures on mitochondrial function. Toxicology 2017; 391:90-99. [PMID: 28757096 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical for the provision of ATP for cellular energy requirements. Tissue and organ functions are dependent on adequate ATP production, especially when energy demand is high. Mitochondria also play a role in a vast array of important biochemical pathways including apoptosis, generation and detoxification of reactive oxygen species, intracellular calcium regulation, steroid hormone and heme synthesis, and lipid metabolism. The complexity of mitochondrial structure and function facilitates its diverse roles but also enhances its vulnerability. Primary disorders of mitochondrial bioenergetics, or Primary Mitochondrial Diseases (PMD) are due to inherited genetic defects in the nuclear or mitochondrial genomes that result in defective oxidative phosphorylation capacity and cellular energy production. Secondary mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in a wide range of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Several lines of evidence suggest that environmental exposures cause substantial mitochondrial dysfunction. Whereby literature from experimental and human studies on exposures associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases exist, the significance of exposures as potential triggers in Primary Mitochondrial Disease (PMD) is an emerging clinical question that has not been systematically studied.
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Bulwa Z, Nichols J, Gupta N. Clinical Reasoning: A 10-year-old boy with bilateral vision loss. Neurology 2017; 88:e221-e224. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Malhotra RM, Al Mejally MA, Abualela HM, Eltemamy MA. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy: Report of a simple case associated with a rare variant mutation. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2017; 20:78-80. [PMID: 28298852 PMCID: PMC5341278 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.194314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Mohan Malhotra
- Department of Neurology, Nahan Neurology Clinic, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India; Department of Neurology, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Idebenone (Raxone(®)), a short-chain benzoquinone, is the only disease-specific drug approved to treat visual impairment in adolescents and adults with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), a rare genetic mitochondrial disease that causes rapid and progressive bilateral vision loss. The mechanism of action of idebenone involves its antioxidant properties and ability to act as a mitochondrial electron carrier. Idebenone overcomes mitochondrial complex I respiratory chain deficiency in patients with LHON by transferring electrons directly to mitochondrial complex III (by-passing complex I), thereby restoring cellular energy (ATP) production and re-activating inactive-but-viable retinal ganglion cells, which ultimately prevents further vision loss and promotes vision recovery. The approval of idebenone in the treatment of LHON was based on the overall data from a randomized clinical trial, a follow-up study and real-world data. Taken together, these studies provide convincing evidence that oral idebenone 900 mg/day for 24 weeks has persistent beneficial effects in preventing further vision impairment and promoting vision recovery in patients with LHON relative to the natural course of the disease. Therefore, idebenone is a valuable agent to treat visual impairment in adolescents and adults with LHON.
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Catarino CB, Klopstock T. Use of Idebenone for the Treatment of Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2326409817731112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia B. Catarino
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Network for Mitochondrial Disorders (mitoNET), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Network for Mitochondrial Disorders (mitoNET), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
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