1
|
Chen SY, Kokalari I, Parnell SR, Smith GN, Zeng BH, Way TF, Chuang FS, Rwei AY. Structure Property Relationship of Micellar Waterborne Poly(Urethane-Urea): Tunable Mechanical Properties and Controlled Release Profiles with Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37433143 PMCID: PMC10373496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) has attracted significant interest as a promising alternative to solvent-based polyurethane (SPU) due to its positive impact on safety and sustainability. However, significant limitations of WPU, such as its weaker mechanical strength, limit its ability to replace SPU. Triblock amphiphilic diols are promising materials to enhance the performance of WPU due to their well-defined hydrophobic-hydrophilic structures. Yet, our understanding of the relationship between the hydrophobic-hydrophilic arrangements of triblock amphiphilic diols and the physical properties of WPU remains limited. In this study, we show that by controlling the micellar structure of WPU in aqueous solution via the introduction of triblock amphiphilic diols, the postcuring efficiency and the resulting mechanical strength of WPU can be significantly enhanced. Small-angle neutron scattering confirmed the microstructure and spatial distribution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments in the engineered WPU micelles. In addition, we show that the control of the WPU micellar structure through triblock amphiphilic diols renders WPU attractive in the applications of controlled release, such as drug delivery. Here, curcumin was used as a model hydrophobic drug, and the drug release behavior from WPU-micellar-based drug delivery systems was characterized. It was found that curcumin-loaded WPU drug delivery systems were highly biocompatible and exhibited antibacterial properties in vitro. Furthermore, the sustained release profile of the drug was found to be dependent on the structure of the triblock amphiphilic diols, suggesting the possibility of controlling the drug release profile via the selection of triblock amphiphilic diols. This work shows that by shedding light on the structure-property relationship of triblock amphiphilic diol-containing WPU micelles, we may enhance the applicability of WPU systems and move closer to realizing their promising potential in real-life applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, 10608 Taipei, Taiwan
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, 10608 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ida Kokalari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Steven R Parnell
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bing-Hong Zeng
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, 10608 Taipei, Taiwan
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, 10608 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tun-Fun Way
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, 10608 Taipei, Taiwan
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, 10608 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Sheng Chuang
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, 10608 Taipei, Taiwan
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, 10608 Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Fashion and Design, Lee-Ming Institute of Technology, No. 22, Sec. 3, Tai-Lin Rd., Taishan Dist., New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
| | - Alina Y Rwei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thermal, Mechanical, and Morphological Characterisations of Graphene Nanoplatelet/Graphene Oxide/High-Hard-Segment Polyurethane Nanocomposite: A Comparative Study. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194224. [PMID: 36236175 PMCID: PMC9572798 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current work investigates the effect of the addition of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and graphene oxide (GO) to high hard-segment polyurethane (75% HS) on its thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties. Polyurethane (PU) and its nanocomposites were prepared with different ratios of GNP and GO (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 wt.%). A thermal stability analysis demonstrated an enhancement in the thermal stability of PU with GNP and GO incorporated compared to pure PU. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed that both GNP and GO act as heterogeneous nucleation agents within a PU matrix, leading to an increase in the crystallinity of PU. The uniform dispersion and distribution of GNP and GO flakes in the PU matrix were confirmed by SEM and TEM. In terms of the mechanical properties of the PU nanocomposites, it was found that the interaction between PU and GO was better than that of GNP due to the functional groups on the GO's surface. This leads to a significant increase in tensile strength for 0.5 wt.% GNP and GO compared with pure PU. This can be attributed to interfacial interaction between the GO and PU chains, resulting in an improvement in stress transferring from the matrix to the filler and vice versa. This work sheds light on the understanding of the interactions between graphene-based fillers and their influence on the mechanical properties of PU nanocomposites.
Collapse
|
3
|
Nwosu CN, Iliut M, Vijayaraghavan A. Graphene and water-based elastomer nanocomposites - a review. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:9505-9540. [PMID: 34037053 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01324f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water-based elastomers (WBEs) are polymeric elastomers in aqueous systems. WBEs have recently continued to gain wide acceptability by both academia and industry due to their remarkable environmental and occupational safety friendly nature, as a non-toxic elastomeric dispersion with low-to-zero volatile organic compound (VOC) emission. However, their inherent poor mechanical and thermal properties remain a drawback to these sets of elastomers. Hence, nano-fillers such as graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are being employed for the reinforcement and enhancement of this set of elastomers. This work is geared towards a critical review and summation of the state-of-the-art developments of graphene enhanced water-based elastomer composites (G-WBEC), including graphene and composite production processes, properties, characterisation techniques and potential commercial applications. The dominant production techniques, such as emulsion mixing and in situ polymerisation processes, which include Pickering emulsion, mini-emulsion and micro-emulsion, as well as ball-milling approach, are systematically evaluated. Details of the account of mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, thermal stability and thermal conductivity enhancements, as well as multifunctional properties of G-WBEC are discussed, with further elaboration on the structure-property relationship effects (such as dispersion and filler-matrix interface) through effective and non-destructive characterisation tools like Raman and XRD, among others. The paper also evaluates details of the current application attempts and potential commercial opportunities for G-WBEC utilisation in aerospace, automotive, oil and gas, biomedicals, textiles, sensors, electronics, solar energy, and thermal management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian N Nwosu
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bae JH, Won JC, Lim WB, Min JG, Lee JH, Kwon CR, Lee GH, Huh P. Synthesis and Characteristics of Eco-Friendly 3D Printing Material Based on Waterborne Polyurethane. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:polym13010044. [PMID: 33374360 PMCID: PMC7794856 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Photo-cured 3D architectures are successfully printed using the designed waterborne polyurethane-acrylate (WPUA) formulation. A WPUA series is synthesized in the presence of polycaprolactone diol (PCL) and 4,4′-methylene dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H12MDI) as the soft segment part, dimethylolbutanoic acid (DMBA) as the emulsifier, and triethylamine (TEA) as the neutralizer, as a function of prepolymer molecular weight. The compatibility of WPUA and the photo-activating acryl monomer is as a key factor to guarantee the high resolution of 3D digital light processing (DLP) printing. The optimized blending formulations are tuned by using triacrylate monomers instead of diacrylate derivatives. For the high-accuracy and fine features of 3D DLP printing, WPUA are designed to be a suitable molecular structure for a 385 nm wavelength source, and the target viscosity is achieved in the range from 150 to 250 Cp. Photo-cured 3D architectures based on WPUA exhibit good flexural strength and high resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pilho Huh
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-3637
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Goodwin DG, Shen SJ, Lyu Y, Lankone R, Barrios AC, Kabir S, Perreault F, Wohlleben W, Nguyen T, Sung L. Graphene/polymer nanocomposite degradation by ultraviolet light: The effects of graphene nanofillers and their potential for release. Polym Degrad Stab 2020; 182:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109365. [PMID: 36936609 PMCID: PMC10021000 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ultraviolet (UV)-induced degradation of graphene/polymer nanocomposites was investigated in this study. Specifically, the effect of few-layer graphene nanofillers on the degradation of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and the release potential of graphene from the degraded nanocomposite surfaces were assessed. Graphene/TPU (G/TPU) nanocomposites and neat TPU were UV-exposed under both dry and humid conditions in the NIST SPHERE, a precisely controlled, high intensity UV-weathering device. Neat TPU and G/TPU were characterized over the time course of UV exposure using color measurements and infrared spectroscopy, for appearance and chemical changes, respectively. Changes in thickness and surface morphology were obtained with scanning electron microscopy. A new fluorescence quenching measurement approach was developed to identify graphene sheets at the nanocomposite surface, which was supported by contact angle measurements. The potential for graphene release from the nanocomposite surface was evaluated using a tape-lift method followed by microscopy of any particles present on the tape. The findings suggest that graphene improves the service life of TPU with respect to UV exposure, but that graphene becomes exposed at the nanocomposite surface over time, which may potentially lead to its release when exposed to small mechanical forces or upon contact with other materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G. Goodwin
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Corresponding author. (D.G. Goodwin Jr)
| | - Shih-Jia Shen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Yadong Lyu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Ronald Lankone
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Ana C. Barrios
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S. College Ave, Tempe, AZ, 85281
| | - Samir Kabir
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - François Perreault
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S. College Ave, Tempe, AZ, 85281
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- BASF SE, Dept. Material Physics & Analytics, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, Ludwigshafen, 67056, Germany
| | - Tinh Nguyen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Lipiin Sung
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Study on structure-induced heat transfer capabilities of waterborne polyurethane membranes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
7
|
Bonetti L, Fiorati A, Serafini A, Masotti G, Tana F, D'Agostino A, Draghi L, Altomare L, Chiesa R, Farè S, Bianchi M, Rizzi LG, De Nardo L. Graphene nanoplatelets composite membranes for thermal comfort enhancement in performance textiles. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Bonetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorati
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy
- INSTM ‐ Local Unit Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Andrea Serafini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Guido Masotti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy
- Directa Plus S.p.A. c/o ComoNExT ‐ Science and Technology Park Lomazzo Italy
| | - Francesca Tana
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Agnese D'Agostino
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Lorenza Draghi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy
- INSTM ‐ Local Unit Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Lina Altomare
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy
- INSTM ‐ Local Unit Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy
- INSTM ‐ Local Unit Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Silvia Farè
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy
- INSTM ‐ Local Unit Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy
| | | | - Laura Giorgia Rizzi
- Directa Plus S.p.A. c/o ComoNExT ‐ Science and Technology Park Lomazzo Italy
| | - Luigi De Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy
- INSTM ‐ Local Unit Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Goodwin DG, Lai T, Lyu Y, Lu CY, Campos A, Reipa V, Nguyen T, Sung L. The Impacts of Moisture and Ultraviolet Light on the Degradation of Graphene Oxide/Polymer Nanocomposites. NANOIMPACT 2020; 19:10.1016/j.impact.2020.100249. [PMID: 33506141 PMCID: PMC7836096 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2020.100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The extent to which hydrophilic GO nanofillers regulate polymer degradation during exposure to a combination of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and moisture is presently unknown. Accordingly, this study systematically evaluated the effect of GO on polymer degradability under both humid UV and dry UV conditions. Both GO accumulation at the polymer nanocomposite (PNC) surface and GO release following degradation were also investigated. Different mass loadings of GO were incorporated into waterborne polyurethane (WBPU), a commonly used exterior coating, and the resulting GO/WBPU nanocomposites were exposed to precisely controlled accelerated weathering conditions using the NIST Simulated Photodegradation via High Energy Radiant Exposure (SPHERE) device. Thickness loss and infrared spectroscopy measurements indicated GO slightly improved the durability of WBPU under dry UV conditions but not under humid UV conditions. Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy modulus measurements indicated that GO accumulation occurred at and near the PNC surface under both conditions but to a more rapid extent under humid UV conditions. Minimal GO release occurred under dry UV conditions as measured with Raman spectroscopy of aqueous run-off from a simulated rain spray applied to degraded PNCs. In contrast, PNC surface transformations under humid UV conditions suggested that GO release occurred.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G. Goodwin
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
| | - Trinny Lai
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
| | - Yadong Lyu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
| | - Chen Yuan Lu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
| | - Alejandro Campos
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
| | - Vytas Reipa
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
| | - Tinh Nguyen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
| | - Lipiin Sung
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
| |
Collapse
|