1
|
Fan L, Zhu X, Sun S, Yu C, Huang X, Ness R, Dugan LL, Shu L, Seidner DL, Murff HJ, Fodor AA, Azcarate-Peril MA, Shrubsole MJ, Dai Q. Ca:Mg ratio, medium-chain fatty acids, and the gut microbiome. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2490-2499. [PMID: 36223712 PMCID: PMC9588659 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Ketogenic medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) with profound health benefits are commonly found in dairy products, palm kernel oil and coconut oil. We hypothesize that magnesium (Mg) supplementation leads to enhanced gut microbial production of MCFAs and, in turn, increased circulating MCFAs levels. METHODS We tested this hypothesis in the Personalized Prevention of Colorectal Cancer Trial (PPCCT) (NCT01105169), a double-blind 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial enrolling 240 participants. Six 24-h dietary recalls were performed for all participants at the baseline and during the intervention period. Based on the baseline 24-h dietary recalls, the Mg treatment used a personalized dose of Mg supplementation that would reduce the calcium (Ca): Mg intake ratio to around 2.3. We measured plasma MCFAs, sugars, ketone bodies and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) metabolites using the Metabolon's global Precision Metabolomics™ LC-MS platform. Whole-genome shotgun metagenomics (WGS) sequencing was performed to assess microbiota in stool samples, rectal swabs, and rectal biopsies. RESULTS Personalized Mg treatment (mean dose 205.58 mg/day with a range from 77.25 to 389.55 mg/day) significantly increased the plasma levels of C7:0, C8:0, and combined C7:0 and C8:0 by 18.45%, 25.28%, and 24.20%, respectively, compared to 14.15%, 10.12%, and 12.62% decreases in the placebo arm. The effects remain significant after adjusting for age, sex, race and baseline level (P = 0.0126, P = 0.0162, and P = 0.0031, respectively) and FDR correction at 0.05 (q = 0.0324 for both C7:0 and C8:0). Mg treatment significantly reduced the plasma level of sucrose compared to the placebo arm (P = 0.0036 for multivariable-adjusted and P = 0.0216 for additional FDR correction model) whereas alterations in daily intakes of sucrose, fructose, glucose, maltose and C8:0 from baseline to the end of trial did not differ between two arms. Mediation analysis showed that combined C7:0 and C8:0 partially mediated the effects of Mg treatment on total and individual ketone bodies (P for indirect effect = 0.0045, 0.0043, and 0.03, respectively). The changes in plasma levels of C7:0 and C8:0 were significantly and positively correlated with the alterations in stool microbiome α diversity (r = 0.51, p = 0.0023 and r = 0.34, p = 0.0497, respectively) as well as in stool abundance for the signatures of MCFAs-related microbiota with acyl-ACP thioesterase gene producing C7:0 (r = 0.46, p = 0.0067) and C8:0 (r = 0.49, p = 0.003), respectively, following Mg treatment. CONCLUSIONS Optimizing Ca:Mg intake ratios to around 2.3 through 12-week personalized Mg supplementation leads to increased circulating levels of MCFAs (i.e. C7:0 and C8:0), which is attributed to enhanced production from gut microbial fermentation and, maybe, sucrose consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiangzhu Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Chang Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Reid Ness
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Laura L Dugan
- Veterans Health Administration-Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center (GRECC), HSR&D Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lihua Shu
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Douglas L Seidner
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgical Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | - Harvey J Murff
- Veterans Health Administration-Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center (GRECC), HSR&D Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anthony A Fodor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - M Andrea Azcarate-Peril
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qi Dai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Agnihotri S, Yin DM, Mahboubi A, Sapmaz T, Varjani S, Qiao W, Koseoglu-Imer DY, Taherzadeh MJ. A Glimpse of the World of Volatile Fatty Acids Production and Application: A review. Bioengineered 2022; 13:1249-1275. [PMID: 34738864 PMCID: PMC8805862 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1996044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable provision of chemicals and materials is undoubtedly a defining factor in guaranteeing economic, environmental, and social stability of future societies. Among the most sought-after chemical building blocks are volatile fatty acids (VFAs). VFAs such as acetic, propionic, and butyric acids have numerous industrial applications supporting from food and pharmaceuticals industries to wastewater treatment. The fact that VFAs can be produced synthetically from petrochemical derivatives and also through biological routes, for example, anaerobic digestion of organic mixed waste highlights their provision flexibility and sustainability. In this regard, this review presents a detailed overview of the applications associated with petrochemically and biologically generated VFAs, individually or in mixture, in industrial and laboratory scale, conventional and novel applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swarnima Agnihotri
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Dong-Min Yin
- Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Amir Mahboubi
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Tugba Sapmaz
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Wei Qiao
- Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Derya Y. Koseoglu-Imer
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zheng W, Zhao Q, Malkmes MJ, Gao G, He J, Zheng L, Jiang L. Biosorption of lead ions from aqueous solution by Clostridium tyrobutyricum immobilized in macroporous Ca-alginate-lignin beads. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:2080-2092. [PMID: 34837317 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The adsorption of lead ions from aqueous solution by macroporous Ca-alginate-lignin (MCAL) beads immobilized with Clostridium tyrobutyricum and free strains was evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of different factors including pH, adsorption time, adsorbent dosage and initial concentration of lead ions were explored. Different characterization methods were used to evaluate the adsorption process of lead ions. Meanwhile, the adsorption kinetics models and adsorption isotherm models were applied. The fitting results showed that the adsorption behaviour of C. tyrobutyricum immobilized in MCAL beads and free strains was better described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum biosorption of lead ions by C. tyrobutyricum immobilized in MCAL beads and free strains was 144.9 and 106.4 mg/g respectively. CONCLUSIONS The C. tyrobutyricum immobilized in MCAL beads proved to be practicable and had better adsorption effects on lead ions compared with the free strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The paper demonstrated a new insight and strategy for the effective treatment of lead ions from aqueous solutions by the novel function of C. tyrobutyricum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianru Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Matthew Jay Malkmes
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ge Gao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqi He
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Increased Selectivity for Butanol in Clostridium Pasteurianum Fermentations via Butyric Acid Addition or Dual Feedstock Strategy. FERMENTATION 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation6030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatility of the petroleum market has renewed research into butanol as an alternate fuel. In order to increase the selectivity for butanol during glycerol fermentation with Clostridium pasteurianum, butyric acid can be added to the medium. In this manuscript, different methods of extracellular butyric acid addition are explored, as well as self-generation of butyric acid fermented from sugars in a co-substrate strategy. Molasses was used as an inexpensive sugar substrate, and the optimal molasses to glycerol ratio was found to allow the butyric acid to be taken back up into the cells and increase the productivity of butanol from all carbon sources. When butyric acid is added directly into the media, there was no significant difference between chemically pure butyric acid, or butyric acid rich supernatant from a separate fermentation. When low concentrations of butyric acid (1 or 2 g/L) are added to the initial media, an inhibitory effect is observed, with no influence on the butanol selectivity. However, when added later to the fermentation, over 1 g/L butyric acid is taken into the cells and increased the relative carbon yield from 0.449 to 0.519 mols carbon in product/mols carbon in substrate. An optimized dual substrate fermentation strategy in a pH-controlled reactor resulted in the relative carbon yield rising from 0.439 when grown on solely glycerol, to 0.480 mols C product/mols C substrate with the dual substrate strategy. An additional benefit is the utilization of a novel source of sugars to produce butanol from C. pasteurianum. The addition of butyric acid, regardless of how it is generated, under the proper conditions can allow for increased selectivity for butanol from all substrates.
Collapse
|
5
|
Song H, Gao G, Ma C, Li Y, Shi J, Zhou X, Zhu Z. A hybrid system integrating xylose dehydrogenase and NAD + coupled with PtNPs@MWCNTs composite for the real-time biosensing of xylose. Analyst 2020; 145:5563-5570. [PMID: 32613959 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00880j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The wide application of xylose in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries, as well as in the booming field of biorefinery, raises the demand for a rapid, accurate, and real-time xylose-sensing technique to rival the conventional methods based on chromatography, spectroscopy, and electrochemical analysis using non-specific enzymes or abiotic catalysts. Herein, a hybrid system comprising polyethylene glycerol swing-arm-tethered NAD+ and xylose dehydrogenase (XDH), coupled with platinum nanoparticles deposited on carbon nanotubes (PtNPs@MWCNTs), was constructed for the real-time sensing of xylose. The use of the PtNPs@MWCNTs composite enhanced the sensitivity of the electric response and reduced the oxidation potential of NADH significantly. Further, the NAD+ immobilization allowed an increase in its microenvironment concentration and facilitated cofactor regeneration. The screen-printed electrode cast with the hybrid system showed a wide xylose detection range of 0.5 to 10 mM or 3.33 to 66.61 mM, and a low detection limit of 0.01 mM or 3.33 mM (S/N = 3), when connected to a potentiostat or a homemade portable biosensor, respectively. The biosensor also exhibited excellent working stability as it retained 82% of its initial performance after 30 days. The analysis of various xylose-containing samples further revealed the merits of our portable xylose biosensor in real-time sensing, including its rapid response, inexpensive instrumentation, and high selectivity, suggesting its great potential in practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Song
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim H, Jeon BS, Pandey A, Sang BI. New coculture system of Clostridium spp. and Megasphaera hexanoica using submerged hollow-fiber membrane bioreactors for caproic acid production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 270:498-503. [PMID: 30245320 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a coculture bioprocess was developed with Clostridium strains producing butyric acid and Megasphaera hexanoica producing caproic acid from the butyric acid. The two bacterial strains were each cultivated in two submerged hollow-fiber membrane bioreactors (s-HF/MBRs), separately. Each fermentation broth was filtered through the membrane modules, and the filtered broth was either interchanged on another reactor or obtained sequentially through. Using s-HF/MBRs, the caproic acid concentration increased to 10.08 g L-1, with the fastest productivity of 0.69 g L-1 h-1, which higher than that previously reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimniro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Seung Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimniro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Byoung-In Sang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimniro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zheng W, Liu X, Zhu L, Huang H, Wang T, Jiang L. Pretreatment with γ-Valerolactone/[Mmim]DMP and Enzymatic Hydrolysis on Corncob and Its Application in Immobilized Butyric Acid Fermentation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11709-11717. [PMID: 30296065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Corncob is a widely available raw material with high carbohydrate and low lignin content. To improve corncob conversion to the fermentable sugars, a novel method encompassing pretreatment using the γ-valerolactone (GVL)/1-methyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphite ([Mmim]DMP) system integrated with cellulase hydrolysis was developed and optimized. It is confirmed that lignin was extracted efficiently after combined pretreatment and that the subsequent enzymatic saccharification efficiency could be significantly enhanced, resulting in the yield of 94.9% glucose from cellulose and 53.3% xylose from xylan, respectively. Furthermore, the above fermentable sugars were used as carbon source for Clostridium tyrobutyricum immobilized in macroporous Ca-alginate-lignin beads with the extracted lignin as the active ingredient to evaluate the fermentability of butyric acid. The results showed that high butyrate productivity of 0.47 g/L/h and yield of 0.45 g/g were obtained after 10 repeated batches of fermentation, demonstrating an effective process for the production of butyric acid from abundant corncob waste-biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , PR China
| | - Xujie Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , PR China
| | - Liying Zhu
- College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , PR China
| | - He Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , PR China
| | - Tianfu Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Urumqi 830011 , PR China
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiang L, Fu H, Yang HK, Xu W, Wang J, Yang ST. Butyric acid: Applications and recent advances in its bioproduction. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2101-2117. [PMID: 30266343 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Butyric acid is an important C4 organic acid with broad applications. It is currently produced by chemosynthesis from petroleum-based feedstocks. However, the fermentative production of butyric acid from renewable feedstocks has received growing attention because of consumer demand for green products and natural ingredients in foods, pharmaceuticals, animal feed supplements, and cosmetics. In this review, strategies for improving microbial butyric acid production, including strain engineering and novel fermentation process development are discussed and compared regarding product yield, titer, purity and productivity. Future perspectives on strain and process improvements for butyric acid production are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jiang
- School of Biology & Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongxin Fu
- School of Biology & Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hopen K Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- School of Biology & Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xiao Z, Cheng C, Bao T, Liu L, Wang B, Tao W, Pei X, Yang ST, Wang M. Production of butyric acid from acid hydrolysate of corn husk in fermentation by Clostridium tyrobutyricum: kinetics and process economic analysis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:164. [PMID: 29946355 PMCID: PMC6003175 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Butyric acid is an important chemical currently produced from petrochemical feedstocks. Its production from renewable, low-cost biomass in fermentation has attracted large attention in recent years. In this study, the feasibility of corn husk, an abundant agricultural residue, for butyric acid production by using Clostridium tyrobutyricum immobilized in a fibrous bed bioreactor (FBB) was evaluated. RESULTS Hydrolysis of corn husk (10% solid loading) with 0.4 M H2SO4 at 110 °C for 6 h resulted in a hydrolysate containing ~ 50 g/L total reducing sugars (glucose:xylose = 1.3:1.0). The hydrolysate was used for butyric acid fermentation by C. tyrobutyricum in a FBB, which gave 42.6 and 53.0% higher butyric acid production from glucose and xylose, respectively, compared to free-cell fermentations. Fermentation with glucose and xylose mixture (1:1) produced 50.37 ± 0.04 g L-1 butyric acid with a yield of 0.38 ± 0.02 g g-1 and productivity of 0.34 ± 0.03 g L-1 h-1. Batch fermentation with corn husk hydrolysate produced 21.80 g L-1 butyric acid with a yield of 0.39 g g-1, comparable to those from glucose. Repeated-batch fermentations consistently produced 20.75 ± 0.65 g L-1 butyric acid with an average yield of 0.39 ± 0.02 g g-1 in three consecutive batches. An extractive fermentation process can be used to produce, separate, and concentrate butyric acid to > 30% (w/v) sodium butyrate at an economically attractive cost for application as an animal feed supplement. CONCLUSION A high concentration of total reducing sugars at ~ 50% (w/w) yield was obtained from corn husk after acid hydrolysis. Stable butyric acid production from corn husk hydrolysate was achieved in repeated-batch fermentation with C. tyrobutyricum immobilized in a FBB, demonstrating that corn husk can be used as an economical substrate for butyric acid production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Xiao
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chu Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Teng Bao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Lujie Liu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Tao
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xun Pei
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Minqi Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
A novel isolate of Clostridium butyricum for efficient butyric acid production by xylose fermentation. ANN MICROBIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1340-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
|
11
|
Huang J, Tang W, Zhu S, Du M. Biosynthesis of butyric acid by Clostridium tyrobutyricum. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:427-434. [PMID: 29561227 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1452257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Butyric acid (C3H7COOH) is an important chemical that is widely used in foodstuffs along with in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The bioproduction of butyric acid through large-scale fermentation has the potential to be more economical and efficient than petrochemical synthesis. In this paper, the metabolic pathways involved in the production of butyric acid from Clostridium tyrobutyricum using hexose and pentose as substrates are investigated, and approaches to enhance butyric acid production through genetic modification are discussed. Finally, bioreactor modifications (including fibrous bed bioreactor, inner disk-shaped matrix bioreactor, fibrous matrix packed in porous levitated sphere carriers), low-cost feedstocks, and special treatments (including continuous fermentation with cell recycling, extractive fermentation with solvent, using different artificial electron carriers) intended to improve the feasibility of commercial butyric acid bioproduction are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- a College of Pharmaceutical Science , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Wan Tang
- a College of Pharmaceutical Science , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Shengquan Zhu
- a College of Pharmaceutical Science , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Meini Du
- a College of Pharmaceutical Science , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Suo Y, Ren M, Yang X, Liao Z, Fu H, Wang J. Metabolic engineering of Clostridium tyrobutyricum for enhanced butyric acid production with high butyrate/acetate ratio. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4511-4522. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
13
|
Luo H, Yang R, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Liu Z, Huang M, Zeng Q. Recent advances and strategies in process and strain engineering for the production of butyric acid by microbial fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 253:343-354. [PMID: 29329775 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Butyric acid is an important platform chemical, which is widely used in the fields of food, pharmaceutical, energy, etc. Microbial fermentation as an alternative approach for butyric acid production is attracting great attention as it is an environmentally friendly bioprocessing. However, traditional fermentative butyric acid production is still not economically competitive compared to chemical synthesis route, due to the low titer, low productivity, and high production cost. Therefore, reduction of butyric acid production cost by utilization of alternative inexpensive feedstock, and improvement of butyric acid production and productivity has become an important target. Recently, several advanced strategies have been developed for enhanced butyric acid production, including bioprocess techniques and metabolic engineering methods. This review provides an overview of advances and strategies in process and strain engineering for butyric acid production by microbial fermentation. Additionally, future perspectives on improvement of butyric acid production are also proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Luo
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Rongling Yang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Yuping Zhao
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Mengyu Huang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Qingwei Zeng
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Enhanced butyric acid production in Clostridium tyrobutyricum by overexpression of rate-limiting enzymes in the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway. J Biotechnol 2018; 272-273:14-21. [PMID: 29501473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
15
|
Suo Y, Fu H, Ren M, Yang X, Liao Z, Wang J. Butyric acid production from lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates by engineered Clostridium tyrobutyricum overexpressing Class I heat shock protein GroESL. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:691-698. [PMID: 29220814 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant and renewable substrate for biological fermentation, but the inhibitors present in the lignocellulosic hydrolysates could severely inhibit the cell growth and productivity of industrial strains. This study confirmed that overexpressing of native groESL in Clostridium tyrobutyricum could significantly improve its tolerance to lignocellulosic hydrolysate-derived inhibitors, especially for phenolic compounds. Consequently, ATCC 25755/groESL showed a better performance in butyric acid fermentation with hydrolysates of corn cob, corn straw, rice straw, wheat straw, soybean hull and soybean straw, respectively. When corn straw and rice straw hydrolysates, which showed strong toxicity to C. tyrobutyricum, were used as the substrates, 29.6 g/L and 30.1 g/L butyric acid were obtained in batch fermentation, increased by 26.5% and 19.4% as compared with the wild-type strain, respectively. And more importantly, the butyric acid productivity reached 0.31 g/L·h (vs. 0.20-0.21 g/L·h for the wild-type strain) due to the shortened lag phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Suo
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongxin Fu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mengmeng Ren
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xitong Yang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengping Liao
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ou J, Xu N, Ernst P, Ma C, Bush M, Goh K, Zhao J, Zhou L, Yang ST, Liu X(M. Process engineering of cellulosic n-butanol production from corn-based biomass using Clostridium cellulovorans. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
17
|
Suo Y, Luo S, Zhang Y, Liao Z, Wang J. Enhanced butyric acid tolerance and production by Class I heat shock protein-overproducing Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 44:1145-1156. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The response of Clostridium tyrobutyricum to butyric acid stress involves various stress-related genes, and therefore overexpression of stress-related genes can improve butyric acid tolerance and yield. Class I heat shock proteins (HSPs) play an important role in the process of protecting bacteria from sudden changes of extracellular stress by assisting protein folding correctly. The results of quantitative real-time PCR indicated that the Class I HSGs grpE, dnaK, dnaJ, groEL, groES, and htpG were significantly upregulated under butyric acid stress, especially the dnaK and groE operons. Overexpression of groESL and htpG could significantly improve the tolerance of C. tyrobutyricum to butyric acid, while overexpression of dnaK and dnaJ showed negative effects on butyric acid tolerance. Acid production was also significantly promoted by increased GroESL expression levels; the final butyric acid and acetic acid concentrations were 28.2 and 38% higher for C. tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755/groESL than for the wild-type strain. In addition, when fed-batch fermentation was carried out using cell immobilization in a fibrous-bed bioreactor, the butyric acid yield produced by C. tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755/groESL reached 52.2 g/L, much higher than that for the control. The improved butyric acid yield is probably attributable to the high GroES and GroEL levels, which can stabilize the biosynthetic machinery of C. tyrobutyricum under extracellular butyric acid stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Suo
- 0000 0004 1764 3838 grid.79703.3a School of Bioscience & Bioengineering South China University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Sheng Luo
- 0000 0004 1764 3838 grid.79703.3a School of Bioscience & Bioengineering South China University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- 0000 0004 1764 3838 grid.79703.3a School of Bioscience & Bioengineering South China University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Zhengping Liao
- 0000 0004 1764 3838 grid.79703.3a School of Bioscience & Bioengineering South China University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Jufang Wang
- 0000 0004 1764 3838 grid.79703.3a School of Bioscience & Bioengineering South China University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China
- 0000 0004 1764 3838 grid.79703.3a State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering South China University of Technology 510640 Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alexandri M, Papapostolou H, Stragier L, Verstraete W, Papanikolaou S, Koutinas AA. Succinic acid production by immobilized cultures using spent sulphite liquor as fermentation medium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 238:214-222. [PMID: 28433910 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Spent sulphite liquor (SSL) was used as carbon source for the production of succinic acid using immobilized cultures of Actinobacillus succinogenes and Basfia succiniciproducens on two different supports, delignified cellulosic material (DCM) and alginate beads. Fed-batch immobilized cultures with A. succinogenes in alginates resulted in higher sugar to succinic acid conversion yield (0.81g/g) than the respective yield achieved (0.65g/g) when DCM immobilized cultures were used. The final succinic acid concentration and yield achieved in fed-batch with immobilized cultures of B. succiniciproducens in alginates (45g/L and 0.66g/g) were higher than A. succinogenes immobilized cultures (35.4g/L and 0.61g/g) using nano-filtrated SSL as fermentation medium. Immobilized cultures of B. succiniciproducens in alginate beads were reused in four sequential fed-batch fermentations of nano-filtrated SSL leading to the production of 64.7g of succinic acid with a yield range of 0.42-0.67g/g and productivity range of 0.29-0.65g/L/h. The immobilized cultures improved the efficiency of succinic acid production as compared to free cell cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alexandri
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Harris Papapostolou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece.
| | | | | | - Seraphim Papanikolaou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Apostolis A Koutinas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fu H, Yang ST, Wang M, Wang J, Tang IC. Butyric acid production from lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates by engineered Clostridium tyrobutyricum overexpressing xylose catabolism genes for glucose and xylose co-utilization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 234:389-396. [PMID: 28343058 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium tyrobutyricum can utilize glucose and xylose as carbon source for butyric acid production. However, xylose catabolism is inhibited by glucose, hampering butyric acid production from lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates containing both glucose and xylose. In this study, an engineered strain of C. tyrobutyricum Ct-pTBA overexpressing heterologous xylose catabolism genes (xylT, xylA, and xylB) was investigated for co-utilizing glucose and xylose present in hydrolysates of plant biomass, including soybean hull, corn fiber, wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse. Compared to the wild-type strain, Ct-pTBA showed higher xylose utilization without significant glucose catabolite repression, achieving near 100% utilization of glucose and xylose present in lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates in bioreactor at pH 6. About 42.6g/L butyrate at a productivity of 0.56g/L·h and yield of 0.36g/g was obtained in batch fermentation, demonstrating the potential of C. tyrobutyricum Ct-pTBA for butyric acid production from lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Fu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Minqi Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - I-Ching Tang
- Bioprocessing Innovative Company, 4734 Bridle Path Ct., Dublin, OH 43017, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Experimental and Modeling Study of Esterification Reaction for Synthesis of Butyl Butyrate: Desirability Function Approach for Optimization and Prediction Comparative Study of RSM and ANN. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2016-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Butyl butyrate was synthesized by esterification of butyric acid with n-butanol using homogeneous catalyst methanesulfonic acid (MSA). The esterification process was optimized by the application of response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). 3 level-4 variables central composite design (CCD) of RSM and MLP 4-9-1 network of ANN was chosen for the experimental design and analysis. The quadratic response model of RSM was optimized using desirability function approach. Effects of independent variables on the yield of butyl butyrate were investigated. Various training algorithm such as IBP, QP, GA, LM, BFGS, and CG was used for training experimental response data for the ANN study. By sensitivity analysis, the relative significance of 36.98 % confirmed that the molar ratio was the main affecting parameter on the yield of butyl butyrate. In prediction comparative study, ANN model was found better than the RSM model with high values of R2 (0.9998) and lower values of RMSE (0.2435), SEP (0.324 %), and AAD (0.0086 %) compared to RSM (R2=0.9862, RMSE=2.3095, SEP=3.076 %, AAD=0.6459 %). The accuracy of the RSM and ANN models were judged by validation test by performing unseen data experiments.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu Q, Liu T, Zhu L, Huang H, Jiang L. Insights from the complete genome sequence of Clostridium tyrobutyricum provide a platform for biotechnological and industrial applications. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 44:1245-1260. [PMID: 28536840 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Genetic research enables the evolution of novel biochemical reactions for the production of valuable chemicals from environmentally-friendly raw materials. However, the choice of appropriate microorganisms to support these reactions, which must have strong robustness and be capable of a significant product output, is a major difficulty. In the present study, the complete genome of the Clostridium tyrobutyricum strain CCTCC W428, a hydrogen- and butyric acid-producing bacterium with increased oxidative tolerance was analyzed. A total length of 3,011,209 bp of the C. tyrobutyricum genome with a GC content of 31.04% was assembled, and 3038 genes were discovered. Furthermore, a comparative clustering of proteins from C. tyrobutyricum CCTCC W428, C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824, and C. butyricum KNU-L09 was conducted. The results of genomic analysis indicate that butyric acid is produced by CCTCC W428 from butyryl-CoA through acetate reassimilation via CoA transferase, instead of the well-established phosphotransbutyrylase-butyrate kinase pathway. In addition, we identified ten proteins putatively involved in hydrogen production and 21 proteins associated with CRISPR systems, together with 358 ORFs related to ABC transporters and transcriptional regulators. Enzymes, such as oxidoreductases, HNH endonucleases, and catalase, were also found in this species. The genome sequence illustrates that C. tyrobutyricum has several desirable traits, and is expected to be suitable as a platform for the high-level production of bulk chemicals as well as bioenergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210019, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210019, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210019, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210019, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Zhu
- College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210019, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210019, People's Republic of China.
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Metabolic engineering of Clostridium tyrobutyricum for enhanced butyric acid production from glucose and xylose. Metab Eng 2017; 40:50-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
23
|
Ai B, Chi X, Meng J, Sheng Z, Zheng L, Zheng X, Li J. Consolidated Bioprocessing for Butyric Acid Production from Rice Straw with Undefined Mixed Culture. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1648. [PMID: 27822203 PMCID: PMC5076434 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable source with great potential for biofuels and bioproducts. However, the cost of cellulolytic enzymes limits the utilization of the low-cost bioresource. This study aimed to develop a consolidated bioprocessing without the need of supplementary cellulase for butyric acid production from lignocellulosic biomass. A stirred-tank reactor with a working volume of 21 L was constructed and operated in batch and semi-continuous fermentation modes with a cellulolytic butyrate-producing microbial community. The semi-continuous fermentation with intermittent discharging of the culture broth and replenishment with fresh medium achieved the highest butyric acid productivity of 2.69 g/(L· d). In semi-continuous operation mode, the butyric acid and total carboxylic acid concentrations of 16.2 and 28.9 g/L, respectively, were achieved. Over the 21-day fermentation period, their cumulative yields reached 1189 and 2048 g, respectively, corresponding to 41 and 74% of the maximum theoretical yields based on the amount of NaOH pretreated rice straw fed in. This study demonstrated that an undefined mixed culture-based consolidated bioprocessing for butyric acid production can completely eliminate the cost of supplementary cellulolytic enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binling Ai
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin, China
| | - Xue Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin, China
| | - Jia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin, China
| | - Zhanwu Sheng
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou, China
| | - Lili Zheng
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou, China
| | - Jianzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rebalancing Redox to Improve Biobutanol Production by Clostridium tyrobutyricum. Bioengineering (Basel) 2015; 3:bioengineering3010002. [PMID: 28952564 PMCID: PMC5597160 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering3010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biobutanol is a sustainable green biofuel that can substitute for gasoline. Carbon flux has been redistributed in Clostridium tyrobutyricum via metabolic cell engineering to produce biobutanol. However, the lack of reducing power hampered the further improvement of butanol production. The objective of this study was to improve butanol production by rebalancing redox. Firstly, a metabolically-engineered mutant CTC-fdh-adhE2 was constructed by introducing heterologous formate dehydrogenase (fdh) and bifunctional aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase (adhE2) simultaneously into wild-type C. tyrobutyricum. The mutant evaluation indicated that the fdh-catalyzed NADH-producing pathway improved butanol titer by 2.15-fold in the serum bottle and 2.72-fold in the bioreactor. Secondly, the medium supplements that could shift metabolic flux to improve the production of butyrate or butanol were identified, including vanadate, acetamide, sodium formate, vitamin B12 and methyl viologen hydrate. Finally, the free-cell fermentation produced 12.34 g/L of butanol from glucose using the mutant CTC-fdh-adhE2, which was 3.88-fold higher than that produced by the control mutant CTC-adhE2. This study demonstrated that the redox engineering in C. tyrobutyricum could greatly increase butanol production.
Collapse
|
25
|
Butyric acid production from red algae by a newly isolated Clostridium sp. S1. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:1837-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
26
|
Huang J, Dai H, Yan R, Wang P. Enhanced production of butyric acid through immobilization of Clostridium tyrobutyricum in a novel inner disc-shaped matrix bioreactor. ANN MICROBIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-015-1088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
27
|
Li Z, Chen Y, Liu D, Zhao N, Cheng H, Ren H, Guo T, Niu H, Zhuang W, Wu J, Ying H. Involvement of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and signaling regulatory pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae biofilms during fermentation. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:139. [PMID: 25755652 PMCID: PMC4337339 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to free (free-living) cells, biofilm cells show increased resistance and stability to high-pressure fermentation conditions, although the reasons underlying these phenomena remain unclear. Here, we investigated biofilm formation with immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells grown on fiber surfaces during the process of ethanol fermentation. The development of biofilm colonies was visualized by fluorescent labeling and confocal microscopy. RNA from yeast cells at three different biofilm development periods was extracted and sequenced by high-throughput sequencing. We quantitated gene expression differences between biofilm cells and free cells and found that 2098, 1556, and 927 genes were significantly differentially expressed, respectively. We also validated the expression of previously reported genes and identified novel genes and pathways under the control of this system. Statistical analysis revealed that biofilm genes show significant gene expression changes principally in the initial period of biofilm formation compared to later periods. Carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, signal transduction, and oxidoreductase activity were needed for biofilm formation. In contrast to previous findings, we observed some differential expression performances of FLO family genes, indicating that cell aggregation in our immobilized fermentation system was possibly independent of flocculation. Cyclic AMP-protein kinase A and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways regulated signal transduction pathways during yeast biofilm formation. We found that carbohydrate metabolism, especially glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, played a key role in the development of S. cerevisiae biofilms. This work provides an important dataset for future studies aimed at gaining insight into the regulatory mechanisms of immobilized cells in biofilms, as well as for optimizing bioprocessing applications with S. cerevisiae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjian Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China ; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China
| | - Hengfei Ren
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China
| | - Huanqing Niu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China
| | - Jinglan Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China ; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Volker AR, Gogerty DS, Bartholomay C, Hennen-Bierwagen T, Zhu H, Bobik TA. Fermentative production of short-chain fatty acids in Escherichia coli. Microbiology (Reading) 2014; 160:1513-1522. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.078329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli was engineered for the production of even- and odd-chain fatty acids (FAs) by fermentation. Co-production of thiolase, hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, crotonase and trans-enoyl-CoA reductase from a synthetic operon allowed the production of butyrate, hexanoate and octanoate. Elimination of native fermentation pathways by genetic deletion (ΔldhA, ΔadhE, ΔackA, Δpta, ΔfrdC) helped eliminate undesired by-products and increase product yields. Initial butyrate production rates were high (0.7 g l−1 h−1) but quickly levelled off and further study suggested this was due to product toxicity and/or acidification of the growth medium. Results also showed that endogenous thioesterases significantly influenced product formation. In particular, deletion of the yciA thioesterase gene substantially increased hexanoate production while decreasing the production of butyrate. E. coli was also engineered to co-produce enzymes for even-chain FA production (described above) together with a coenzyme B12-dependent pathway for the production of propionyl-CoA, which allowed the production of odd-chain FAs (pentanoate and heptanoate). The B12-dependent pathway used here has the potential to allow the production of odd-chain FAs from a single growth substrate (glucose) in a more energy-efficient manner than the prior methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R. Volker
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - David S. Gogerty
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Christian Bartholomay
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Tracie Hennen-Bierwagen
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Huilin Zhu
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Thomas A. Bobik
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhou X, Lu XH, Li XH, Xin ZJ, Xie JR, Zhao MR, Wang L, Du WY, Liang JP. Radiation induces acid tolerance of Clostridium tyrobutyricum and enhances bioproduction of butyric acid through a metabolic switch. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:22. [PMID: 24533663 PMCID: PMC3931924 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-7-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Butyric acid as a renewable resource has become an increasingly attractive alternative to petroleum-based fuels. Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755T is well documented as a fermentation strain for the production of acids. However, it has been reported that butyrate inhibits its growth, and the accumulation of acetate also inhibits biomass synthesis, making production of butyric acid from conventional fermentation processes economically challenging. The present study aimed to identify whether irradiation of C. tyrobutyricum cells makes them more tolerant to butyric acid inhibition and increases the production of butyrate compared with wild type. RESULTS In this work, the fermentation kinetics of C. tyrobutyricum cultures after being classically adapted for growth at 3.6, 7.2 and 10.8 g·L-1 equivalents were studied. The results showed that, regardless of the irradiation used, there was a gradual inhibition of cell growth at butyric acid concentrations above 10.8 g·L-1, with no growth observed at butyric acid concentrations above 3.6 g·L-1 for the wild-type strain during the first 54 h of fermentation. The sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis also showed significantly different expression levels of proteins with molecular mass around the wild-type and irradiated strains. The results showed that the proportion of proteins with molecular weights of 85 and 106 kDa was much higher for the irradiated strains. The specific growth rate decreased by 50% (from 0.42 to 0.21 h-1) and the final concentration of butyrate increased by 68% (from 22.7 to 33.4 g·L-1) for the strain irradiated at 114 AMeV and 40 Gy compared with the wild-type strains. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that butyric acid production from glucose can be significantly improved and enhanced by using 12C6+ heavy ion-irradiated C. tyrobutyricum. The approach is economical, making it competitive compared with similar fermentation processes. It may prove useful as a first step in a combined method employing long-term continuous fermentation of acid-production processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xi-Hong Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xue-Hu Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Zhi-Jun Xin
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Jia-Rong Xie
- China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Mei-Rong Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Wen-Yue Du
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Jian-Ping Liang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu S, Bischoff KM, Leathers TD, Qureshi N, Rich JO, Hughes SR. Butyric acid from anaerobic fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates by Clostridium tyrobutyricum strain RPT-4213. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 143:322-329. [PMID: 23811065 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel Clostridium tyrobutyricum strain RPT-4213 was found producing butyrate under strict anaerobic conditions. This strain produced 9.47 g L(-1) butyric acid from MRS media (0.48 g/g glucose). RPT-4213 was also used to ferment dilute acid pretreated hydrolysates including wheat straw (WSH), corn fiber (CFH), corn stover (CSH), rice hull (RHH), and switchgrass (SGH). Results indicated that 50% WSH with a Clostridia medium (Ct) produced the most butyric acid (8.06 g L(-1), 0.46 g/g glucose), followed by 50% SGH with Ct (6.01 g L(-1), 0.44 g/g glucose), however, 50% CSH Ct showed growth inhibition. RPT-4213 was then used in pH-controlled bioreactor fermentations using 60% WSH and SGH, with a dilute (0.5×) Ct medium, resulting 9.87 g L(-1) butyric acid in WSH (yield 0.44 g/g) and 7.05 g L(-1) butyric acid in SGH (yield 0.42 g/g). The titer and productivity could be improved through process engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Liu
- Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Genome Sequence of Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755, a Butyric Acid-Overproducing Strain. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2013; 1:1/3/e00308-13. [PMID: 23723404 PMCID: PMC3668012 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00308-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755 is an efficient producer of butyric acid. Here we report a 3.01-Mb assembly of its genome sequence and other useful information, including the coding sequences (CDSs) responsible for an alternative pathway leading to acetate synthesis as well as a series of membrane transport systems.
Collapse
|
32
|
Rastogi G, Gurram RN, Bhalla A, Gonzalez R, Bischoff KM, Hughes SR, Kumar S, Sani RK. Presence of glucose, xylose, and glycerol fermenting bacteria in the deep biosphere of the former Homestake gold mine, South Dakota. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:18. [PMID: 23919089 PMCID: PMC3573265 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight fermentative bacterial strains were isolated from mixed enrichment cultures of a composite soil sample collected at 1.34 km depth from the former Homestake gold mine in Lead, SD, USA. Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that these isolates were affiliated with the phylum Firmicutes belonging to genera Bacillus and Clostridium. Batch fermentation studies demonstrated that isolates had the ability to ferment glucose, xylose, or glycerol to industrially valuable products such as ethanol and 1,3-propanediol (PDO). Ethanol was detected as the major fermentation end product in glucose-fermenting cultures at pH 10 with yields of 0.205–0.304 g of ethanol/g of glucose. While a xylose-fermenting strain yielded 0.189 g of ethanol/g of xylose and 0.585 g of acetic acid/g of xylose at the end of fermentation. At pH 7, glycerol-fermenting isolates produced PDO (0.323–0.458 g of PDO/g of glycerol) and ethanol (0.284–0.350 g of ethanol/g of glycerol) as major end products while acetic acid and succinic acid were identified as minor by-products in fermentation broths. These results suggest that the deep biosphere of the former Homestake gold mine harbors bacterial strains which could be used in bio-based production of ethanol and PDO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurdeep Rastogi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Rapid City, SD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wei D, Liu X, Yang ST. Butyric acid production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate by Clostridium tyrobutyricum immobilized in a fibrous-bed bioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 129:553-560. [PMID: 23270719 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A fermentation process using Clostridium tyrobutyricum immobilized in a fibrous-bed bioreactor (FBB) was developed for butyric acid production from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) hydrolysate. SCB was first treated with dilute acid and then hydrolyzed with cellulases. The hydrolysate containing glucose and xylose was used as carbon source for the fermentation without detoxification. The bacterium was able to grow at a specific growth rate of ∼0.06 h(-1) in media containing 15-20% (w/v) SCB in serum bottles. In batch cultures in the FBB, both glucose and xylose in the SCB hydrolysate were simultaneously converted to butyrate with a high yield (0.45-0.54 g/gsugar) and productivity (0.48-0.60 g/Lh). A final butyrate concentration of 20.9 g/L was obtained in a fed-batch culture, with an overall productivity of 0.51 g/Lh and butyrate yield of 0.48 g/g sugar consumed. This work demonstrated the feasibility of using SCB as a low-cost feedstock to produce butyric acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 West 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cai YH, Liang ZX, Li S, Zhu MJ, Wu ZQ, Yang ST, Wang JF. Bioethanol from fermentation of cassava pulp in a fibrous-bed bioreactor using immobilized Δldh, a genetically engineered Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-012-0405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
35
|
Cho YH, Lee HD, Park HB. Integrated Membrane Processes for Separation and Purification of Organic Acid from a Biomass Fermentation Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie301023r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Hoon Cho
- WCU Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Hee Dae Lee
- WCU Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Ho Bum Park
- WCU Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jang YS, Kim B, Shin JH, Choi YJ, Choi S, Song CW, Lee J, Park HG, Lee SY. Bio-based production of C2-C6 platform chemicals. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:2437-59. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
37
|
Zhu L, Wei P, Cai J, Zhu X, Wang Z, Huang L, Xu Z. Improving the productivity of propionic acid with FBB-immobilized cells of an adapted acid-tolerant Propionibacterium acidipropionici. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 112:248-253. [PMID: 22406066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Propionic acid is an important short-chain fatty acid with many applications, but its large-scale bioproduction was hindered by the low productivity. An adapted acid-tolerant Propionibacterium acidipropionici CGMCC 1.2230 strain was selected to produce propionic acid with a relatively high productivity (0.29 g/(Lh)) in the free-cell fermentation. Further immobilized-cell fermentation in fibrous-bed bioreactor (FBB) supported high-level repeated batch fermentations with a high productivity of 0.96 g/(Lh). The FBB also presents the potential to increase final propionic acid concentration by using glucose feeding strategy. The propionic acid concentration was increased to 51.2g/L in the fed-batch fermentation with the productivity of 0.71 g/(Lh). By adopting the above strategies, sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate could support the production of propionic acid with high productivity in the repeat-batch and fed-batch fermentations. The present work would pave one road to the accomplishment of large-scale bioproduction of propionic acid from renewable resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linqi Zhu
- Institute of Biological Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dwidar M, Park JY, Mitchell RJ, Sang BI. The future of butyric acid in industry. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:471417. [PMID: 22593687 PMCID: PMC3349206 DOI: 10.1100/2012/471417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the different applications of butyric acid and its current and future production status are highlighted, with a particular emphasis on the biofuels industry. As such, this paper discusses different issues regarding butyric acid fermentations and provides suggestions for future improvements and their approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Dwidar
- School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jiang L, Li S, Hu Y, Xu Q, Huang H. Adaptive evolution for fast growth on glucose and the effects on the regulation of glucose transport system in Clostridium tyrobutyricum. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 109:708-18. [PMID: 21956266 DOI: 10.1002/bit.23346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory adaptive evolution of microorganisms offers the possibility of relating acquired mutations to increased fitness of the organism under the conditions used. By combining a fibrous-bed bioreactor, we successfully developed a simple and valuable adaptive evolution strategy in repeated-batch fermentation mode with high initial substrate concentration and evolved Clostridium tyrobutyricum mutant with significantly improved butyric acid volumetric productivity up to 2.25 g/(L h), which is the highest value in batch fermentation reported so far. Further experiments were conducted to pay attention to glucose transport system in consideration of the high glucose consumption rate resulted from evolution. Complete characterization and comparison of the glucose phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) were carried out in the form of toluene-treated cells and cell-free extracts derived from both C. tyrobutyricum wide-type and mutant, while an alternative glucose transport route that requires glucokinase was confirmed by the phenomena of resistance to the glucose analogue 2-deoxyglucose and ATP-dependent glucose phosphorylation. Our results suggest that C. tyrobutyricum mutant is defective in PTS activity and compensates for this defect with enhanced glucokinase activity, resulting in the efficient uptake and consumption of glucose during the whole metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yu M, Du Y, Jiang W, Chang WL, Yang ST, Tang IC. Effects of different replicons in conjugative plasmids on transformation efficiency, plasmid stability, gene expression and n-butanol biosynthesis in Clostridium tyrobutyricum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:881-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Revised: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
41
|
Moore TA, Hanson CK, Anderson-Berry A. Colonization of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Neonates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1941406411421629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial colonization of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract has emerged as an issue involving nutrition, immunity, and overall mortality. Bacterial organisms colonizing the gastrointestinal tract play a vital role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, including digestion, nutrient absorption, and immunological mechanisms. In neonates, these bacteria are essential in postnatal development of intestinal mucosa and gut-associated lymphoid tissue critical for immunological protection. Colonization of bacteria is thought to occur over the first 1 to 2 weeks of life. Delivery mode, feeding method, and environment affect the succession and establishment of the beneficial bacteria in the neonate. Neonates delivered vaginally are colonized by the bacteria from the mother, whereas neonates delivered via caesarean section initially colonize with bacteria from the environment. Feeding method is another factor; Bifidobacterium species are believed to dominate the microflora of breastfed infants by day of life 2 to 3 and are thought to be critical in postnatal immunology. Formula-fed infants often have a more diverse microflora and a less obvious presence of the Bifidobacterium. Compared with healthy, term neonates, preterm infants have a significant delay in bacterial colonization. The effects of an immature gastrointestinal track, lack of enteral feeding, and the frequent use of antibiotic therapy are believed to contribute to the delay and imbalance in the microflora of preterm infants. Prolonged exposure to hospital bacteria increases the risk of colonization with strains specific to hospital flora.
Collapse
|
42
|
Huang L, Xiang Y, Cai J, Jiang L, Lv Z, Zhang Y, Xu Z. Effects of three main sugars in cane molasses on the production of butyric acid with Clostridium tyrobutyricum. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-011-0110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
43
|
Zhu L, Chen H, Huang L, Cai J, Xu Z. Electrochemical analysis of Clostridium propionicum and its acrylic acid production in microbial fuel cells. Eng Life Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
44
|
Control and optimization of Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755 adhesion into fibrous matrix in a fibrous bed bioreactor. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:98-108. [PMID: 21484272 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The great performance of a fibrous bed bioreactor (FBB) is mainly dependent on the cell adhesion and immobilization into the fibrous matrix. Therefore, understanding the mechanism and factors controling cell adhesion in the fibrous matrix is necessary to optimize the FBB setup and further improve the fermentability. The adhesion behavior of a strain of Clostridium tyrobutyricum isolated from an FBB was studied, which was proven to be affected by the different environmental conditions, such as growth phase of cells, pH, ionic strength, ionic species, and composition of media. Our results also suggested that electrostatic interactions played an important role on bacteria adhesion into the fibrous matrix. This study demonstrated that the compositions of fermentation broth would have a significant effect on cell adhesion. Consequently, a two-stage glucose supply control strategy was developed to improve the performance of FBB with higher viable cell density in the operation of the FBB setup.
Collapse
|
45
|
Jiang L, Wang J, Liang S, Cai J, Xu Z, Cen P, Yang S, Li S. Enhanced butyric acid tolerance and bioproduction by Clostridium tyrobutyricum immobilized in a fibrous bed bioreactor. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:31-40. [PMID: 20824675 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Repeated fed-batch fermentation of glucose by Clostridium tyrobutyricum immobilized in a fibrous bed bioreactor (FBB) was successfully employed to produce butyric acid at a high final concentration as well as to adapt a butyric-acid-tolerant strain. At the end of the eighth fed-batch fermentation, the butyric acid concentration reached 86.9 ± 2.17 g/L, which to our knowledge is the highest butyric acid concentration ever produced in the traditional fermentation process. To understand the mechanism and factors contributing to the improved butyric acid production and enhanced acid tolerance, adapted strains were harvested from the FBB and characterized for their physiological properties, including specific growth rate, acid-forming enzymes, intracellular pH, membrane-bound ATPase and cell morphology. Compared with the original culture used to seed the bioreactor, the adapted culture showed significantly reduced inhibition effects of butyric acid on specific growth rate, cellular activities of butyric-acid-forming enzyme phosphotransbutyrylase (PTB) and ATPase, together with elevated intracellular pH, and elongated rod morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jiang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
|
47
|
Huang L, Wei P, Zang R, Xu Z, Cen P. High-throughput screening of high-yield colonies of Rhizopus oryzae for enhanced production of fumaric acid. ANN MICROBIOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-010-0039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
48
|
Zhang C, Yang H, Yang F, Ma Y. Current progress on butyric acid production by fermentation. Curr Microbiol 2009; 59:656-63. [PMID: 19727942 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-009-9491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 07/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several issues of butyric acid production with bacteria through fermentation are presented in this review. The current progress including the utilization of butyric acid, the production strains, the metabolic pathway, and regulation are presented in the paper. Process operation modes such as batch, fed-batch, and continuous fermentation are being discussed. Genetic engineering technologies for microbial strain improvement are also being discussed and fermentation systems have been recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|