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Niyonzima FN. Detergent-compatible fungal cellulases. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2020; 66:25-40. [PMID: 33184763 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-020-00838-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Detergent enzymes are currently added to all powder and liquid detergents that are manufactured. Cellulases, lipases, amylases, and proteases are used in the detergency to replace toxic phosphates and silicates and to reduce high energy consumption. This makes the use of enzymes in detergent formulation cost effective. Fungi are producers of important extracellular enzymes for industrial use. The fungal and bacterial cellulases maintain the shape and color of the washed garments. There is a high demand for cellulases at the market by detergent industries. With this high demand, genetic engineering has been a solution due to its high production of detergent-compatible cellulases. Fungi are the famous source for detergent-compatible cellulases production, but still, there is a lack of the cost-effective process of alkaline fungal cellulase production. Review papers on detergent-compatible bacterial cellulase and amylase and detergent-compatible fungal and bacterial proteases and lipases are available, but there is no review on detergent fungal cellulases. This review aims to highlight the production, properties, stability, and compatibility of fungal cellulases. It will help other academic and industrial researchers to study, produce, and commercialize the fungal cellulases with good aspects.
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Shruthi BR, Achur RNH, Nayaka Boramuthi T. Optimized Solid-State Fermentation Medium Enhances the Multienzymes Production from Penicillium citrinum and Aspergillus clavatus. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:2192-2206. [PMID: 32451686 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02036-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi play an important role in the production of a range of useful extracellular hydrolytic enzymes for wide industrial applications. The Western Ghats region is known for its rich microbial biodiversity and could be a potential source of several useful fungi that could be exploited for the production of industrially important enzymes. From this soil, we aimed at the isolation of multienzyme producing fungi, optimization of the culture conditions using solid-state fermentation (SSF), partial purification of enzymes and characterization by zymography. Out of seven fungal strains, two isolates, namely Penicillium citrinum and Aspergillus clavatus, were found to produce amylase and cellulase enzymes maximally. The effect of different physicochemical parameters on the production of amylase and cellulase was investigated and the maximum production of multienzymes was achieved in wheat bran substrate. The newly formulated and optimized medium increased the multienzyme production in P. citrinum and A. clavatus as compared to medium with individually optimized parameters. Further, for the first time, different isoforms of amylase and cellulase have been identified from P. citrinum and A. clavatus by zymography. In summary, the present study showed that the filamentous fungi can utilize the industrial waste product such as wheat bran as the substrate for multienzymes production by SSF and could be a promising source of enzymes for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishna Rao Shruthi
- Department of Microbiology, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga District, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka, 577451, India
| | - Rajeshwara Nagappa Hegde Achur
- Department of Biochemistry, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga District, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka, 577451, India
| | - Thippeswamy Nayaka Boramuthi
- Department of Microbiology, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga District, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka, 577451, India.
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Abdel-Azeem AM, Hasan GA, Mohesien MT. Biodegradation of Agricultural Wastes by Chaetomium Species. Fungal Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31612-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang X, Ma B, Liu J, Chen X, Li S, Su E, Gao L, Li H. β-Glucosidase genes differentially expressed during composting. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:174. [PMID: 33088344 PMCID: PMC7570026 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01813-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellulose degradation by cellulase is brought about by complex communities of interacting microorganisms, which significantly contribute to the cycling of carbon on a global scale. β-Glucosidase (BGL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the cellulose degradation process. Thus, analyzing the expression of genes involved in cellulose degradation and regulation of BGL gene expression during composting will improve the understanding of the cellulose degradation mechanism. Based on our previous research, we hypothesized that BGL-producing microbial communities differentially regulate the expression of glucose-tolerant BGL and non-glucose-tolerant BGL to adapt to the changes in cellulose degradation conditions. RESULTS To confirm this hypothesis, the structure and function of functional microbial communities involved in cellulose degradation were investigated by metatranscriptomics and a DNA library search of the GH1 family of BGLs involved in natural and inoculated composting. Under normal conditions, the group of non-glucose-tolerant BGL genes exhibited higher sensitivity to regulation than the glucose-tolerant BGL genes, which was suppressed during the composting process. Compared with the expression of endoglucanase and exoglucanase, the functional microbial communities exhibited a different transcriptional regulation of BGL genes during the cooling phase of natural composting. BGL-producing microbial communities upregulated the expression of glucose-tolerant BGL under carbon catabolite repression due to the increased glucose concentration, whereas the expression of non-glucose-tolerant BGL was suppressed. CONCLUSION Our results support the hypothesis that the functional microbial communities use multiple strategies of varying effectiveness to regulate the expression of BGL genes to facilitate adaptation to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Bo Ma
- School of Animal Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Jiawen Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Xiehui Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Erlie Su
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Liyuan Gao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Hongtao Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
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Biochemical characterization of an isolated 50 kDa beta-glucosidase from the thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila M.7.7. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated Alfa fibers ( Stipa tenacissima ) using β- d -glucosidase and xylanase of Talaromyces thermophilus from solid-state fermentation. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:543-553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Alkali-assisted acid pretreated rice straw was saccharified using cellulase from Aspergillus niger BK01. The cellulase production by the fungus was enhanced by parametric optimization using solid-state fermentation conditions. Maximum cellulase production (12.0 U/gds of carboxymethyl cellulase, CMCase) was achieved in 96 h, using 6.0% substrate concentration, 7.5% inoculum concentration, 1:2 solid to liquid ratio, at pH 5.5, and temperature 28 °C, by supplementation of the fermentation medium with 0.1% carboxymethylcellulose and 0.1% ammonium nitrate. Characterization of crude cellulases showed that highest CMCase activity was observed at pH 4.8 and temperature 40 °C. The CMCase was stable from pH 4.8-5.5 and at a temperature range of 35-50 °C. The pretreated biomass was subjected to hydrolysis with the fungal cellulases. The saccharification optimization studies showed that 2% (v/v) enzyme concentration and hydrolysis time of 2.5 h were optimum for maximum yield, i.e, 23.78% sugars and 35.96% saccharification value.
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Basotra N, Kaur B, Di Falco M, Tsang A, Chadha BS. Mycothermus thermophilus (Syn. Scytalidium thermophilum): Repertoire of a diverse array of efficient cellulases and hemicellulases in the secretome revealed. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 222:413-421. [PMID: 27744242 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mycothermus thermophilus (Syn. Scytalidium thermophilum/Humicola insolens), a thermophilic fungus, is being reported to produce appreciable titers of cellulases and hemicellulases during shake flask culturing on cellulose/wheat-bran/rice straw based production medium. The sequential and differential expression profile of endoglucanases, β-glucosidases, cellobiohydrolases and xylanases using zymography was studied. Mass spectrometry analysis of secretome (Q-TOF LC/MS) revealed a total of 240 proteins with 92 CAZymes of which 62 glycosyl hydrolases belonging to 30 different families were present. Cellobiohydrolase I (17.42%), β glucosidase (8.69%), endoglucanase (6.2%), xylanase (4.16%) and AA9 (3.95%) were the major proteins in the secretome. In addition, carbohydrate esterases, polysaccharide lyases, auxiliary activity and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) were identified using genomic database of the culture indicating to an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. The cellulases from the strain hydrolyzed alkali treated rice straw and bagasse into fermentable sugars efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Basotra
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Baljit Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Marcos Di Falco
- Center for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Adrian Tsang
- Center for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada.
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M. S, Singh S, Tiwari R, Goel R, Nain L. Do cultural conditions induce differential protein expression: Profiling of extracellular proteome of Aspergillus terreus CM20. Microbiol Res 2016; 192:73-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cristóbal HA, Poma HR, Abate CM, Rajal VB. Quantification of the Genetic Expression of bgl-A, bgl, and CspA and Enzymatic Characterization of β-Glucosidases from Shewanella sp. G5. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 18:396-408. [PMID: 27164864 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-016-9702-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Shewanella sp. G5, a psychrotolerant marine bacterium, has a cold-shock protein (CspA) and three β-glucosidases, two of which were classified in the glycosyl hydrolase families 1 and 3 and are encoded by bgl-A and bgl genes, respectively. Shewanella sp. G5 was cultured on Luria-Bertani (LB) and Mineral Medium Brunner (MMB) media with glucose and cellobiose at various temperatures and pH 6 and 8. Relative quantification of the expression levels of all three genes was studied by real-time PCR with the comparative Ct method (2(-ΔΔCt)) using the gyrB housekeeping gene as a normalizer. Results showed that the genes had remarkably different genetic expression levels under the conditions evaluated, with increased expression of all genes obtained on MMB with cellobiose at 30 °C. Specific growth rate and specific β-glucosidase activity were also determined for all the culture conditions. Shewanella sp. G5 was able to grow on both media at 4 °C, showing the maximum specific growth rate on LB with cellobiose at 37 °C. The specific β-glucosidase activity obtained on MMB with cellobiose at 30 °C was 25 to 50 % higher than for all other conditions. At pH 8, relative activity was 34, 60, and 63 % higher at 30 °C than at 10 °C, with three peaks at 10, 25, and 37 °C on both media. Enzyme activity increased by 61 and 47 % in the presence of Ca(2+) and by 24 and 31 % in the presence of Mg(2+) on LB and MMB at 30 °C, respectively, but it was totally inhibited by Hg(2+), Cu(2+), and EDTA. Moreover, this activity was slightly decreased by SDS, Zn(2+), and DTT, all at 5 mM. Ethanol (14 % v/v) and glucose (100 mM) also reduced the activity by 63 and 60 %, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Antonio Cristóbal
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química, Universidad Nacional de Salta (INIQUI - CONICET-UNSa), Av. Bolivia 5150, 4400, Salta, Argentina.
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales y Microbiológicos (PROIMI - CONICET), Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Hugo Ramiro Poma
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química, Universidad Nacional de Salta (INIQUI - CONICET-UNSa), Av. Bolivia 5150, 4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Carlos Mauricio Abate
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química, Universidad Nacional de Salta (INIQUI - CONICET-UNSa), Av. Bolivia 5150, 4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Verónica Beatriz Rajal
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química, Universidad Nacional de Salta (INIQUI - CONICET-UNSa), Av. Bolivia 5150, 4400, Salta, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Avda. Bolivia 5150, 4400, Salta, Argentina
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Myasoedova NM, Gasanov NB, Chernykh AM, Kolomytseva MP, Golovleva LA. Selective regulation of laccase isoform production by the Lentinus strigosus 1566 fungus. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683815020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kumar AK, Parikh BS. Cellulose-degrading enzymes from Aspergillus terreus D34 and enzymatic saccharification of mild-alkali and dilute-acid pretreated lignocellulosic biomass residues. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-015-0038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Guo Z, Duquesne S, Bozonnet S, Cioci G, Nicaud JM, Marty A, O’Donohue MJ. Development of cellobiose-degrading ability in Yarrowia lipolytica strain by overexpression of endogenous genes. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:109. [PMID: 26244054 PMCID: PMC4524412 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yarrowia lipolytica, one of the most widely studied "nonconventional" oleaginous yeast species, is unable to grow on cellobiose. Engineering cellobiose-degrading ability into this yeast is a vital step towards the development of cellulolytic biocatalysts suitable for consolidated bioprocessing. RESULTS In the present work, we identified six genes encoding putative β-glucosidases in the Y. lipolytica genome. To study these, homologous expression was attempted in Y. lipolytica JMY1212 Zeta. Two strains overexpressing BGL1 (YALI0F16027g) and BGL2 (YALI0B14289g) produced β-glucosidase activity and were able to degrade cellobiose, while the other four did not display any detectable activity. The two active β-glucosidases, one of which was mainly cell-associated while the other was present in the extracellular medium, were purified and characterized. The two Bgls were most active at 40-45°C and pH 4.0-4.5, and exhibited hydrolytic activity on various β-glycoside substrates. Specifically, Bgl1 displayed 12.5-fold higher catalytic efficiency on cellobiose than Bgl2. Significantly, in experiments where cellobiose or cellulose (performed in the presence of a β-glucosidase-deficient commercial cellulase cocktail produced by Trichoderma reseei) was used as carbon source for aerobic cultivation, Y. lipolytica ∆pox co-expressing BGL1 and BGL2 grew better than the Y. lipolytica strains expressing single BGLs. The specific growth rate and biomass yield of Y. lipolytica JMY1212 co-expressing BGL1 and BGL2 were 0.15 h(-1) and 0.50 g-DCW/g-cellobiose, respectively, similar to that of the control grown on glucose. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the bi-functional Y. lipolytica developed in the current study represents a vital step towards the creation of a cellulolytic yeast strain that can be used for lipid production from lignocellulosic biomass. When used in combination with commercial cellulolytic cocktails, this strain will no doubt reduce enzyme requirements and thus costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongpeng Guo
- />LISBP-Biocatalysis Group, INSA/INRA UMR 792, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
- />INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, 31400 Toulouse, France
- />CNRS, UMR5504, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Duquesne
- />LISBP-Biocatalysis Group, INSA/INRA UMR 792, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
- />INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, 31400 Toulouse, France
- />CNRS, UMR5504, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Bozonnet
- />LISBP-Biocatalysis Group, INSA/INRA UMR 792, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
- />INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, 31400 Toulouse, France
- />CNRS, UMR5504, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Gianluca Cioci
- />LISBP-Biocatalysis Group, INSA/INRA UMR 792, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
- />INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, 31400 Toulouse, France
- />CNRS, UMR5504, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Marc Nicaud
- />INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- />AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alain Marty
- />LISBP-Biocatalysis Group, INSA/INRA UMR 792, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
- />INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, 31400 Toulouse, France
- />CNRS, UMR5504, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Michael Joseph O’Donohue
- />LISBP-Biocatalysis Group, INSA/INRA UMR 792, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
- />INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, 31400 Toulouse, France
- />CNRS, UMR5504, 31400 Toulouse, France
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Liu D, Li J, Zhao S, Zhang R, Wang M, Miao Y, Shen Y, Shen Q. Secretome diversity and quantitative analysis of cellulolytic Aspergillus fumigatus Z5 in the presence of different carbon sources. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2013; 6:149. [PMID: 24131596 PMCID: PMC3853031 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspergillus fumigatus Z5 has a strong ability to decompose lignocellulose biomass, and its extracellular protein secretion has been reported in earlier studies employing traditional techniques. However, a comprehensive analysis of its secretion in the presence of different carbon sources is still lacking. The goal of this work was to identify, quantify and compare the secretome of A. fumigatus Z5 in the presence of different carbon sources to understand in more details the mechanisms of lignocellulose decomposition by Aspergillus fumigatus Z5. RESULTS Cellulolytic A. fumigatus Z5 was grown in the presence of glucose (Gl), Avicel (Av) and rice straw (RS), and the activities of several lignocellulosic enzymes were determined with chromatometry method. The maximum activities of endoglucanase, exoglucanase, β-glucosidase, laminarinase, lichenase, xylanase and pectin lyase were 12.52, 0.59, 2.30, 2.37, 1.68, 15.02 and 11.40 U·ml-1, respectively. A total of 152, 125 and 61 different proteins were identified in the presence of RS, Av and Gl, respectively, and the proteins were functionally divided into glycoside hydrolases, lipases, peptidases, peroxidases, esterases, protein translocating transporters and hypothetical proteins. A total of 49 proteins were iTRAQ-quantified in all the treatments, and the quantification results indicated that most of the cellulases, hemicellulases and glycoside hydrolases were highly upregulated when rice straw and Avicel were used as carbon sources (compared with glucose). CONCLUSIONS The proteins secreted from A. fumigatus Z5 in the present of different carbon source conditions were identified by LC-MS/MS and quantified by iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics. The results indicated that A. fumigatus Z5 could produce considerable cellulose-, hemicellulose-, pectin- and lignin-degrading enzymes that are valuable for the lignocellulosic bioenergy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juan Li
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruifu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Youzhi Miao
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yifei Shen
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Kato Y, Nomura T, Ogita S, Takano M, Hoshino K. Two new β-glucosidases from ethanol-fermenting fungus Mucor circinelloides NBRC 4572: enzyme purification, functional characterization, and molecular cloning of the gene. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:10045-56. [PMID: 24061417 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two β-glucosidases (BGLs 1 and 2) were purified to homogeneity from the extracellular enzyme preparations of the ethanol-fermenting Mucor circinelloides NBRC 4572 statically grown on rice straw. BGLs 1 and 2 are monomeric glycoproteins whose apparent molecular masses (Ms) are around 78 kDa, which decreased by approximately 10 kDa upon enzymatic deglycosylation. Both BGLs showed similar enzyme characteristics in optimal temperature and pH, stability, and inhibitors. They were active against a wide range of aryl-β-glucosides and β-linked glucose oligosaccharides. Their amino acid sequences shared 81% identity and exhibited less than 60% identity with the known family-3 BGLs. Considering properties such as reduced inhibition by ethanol, glucose, and cellobiose, low transglucosylation activity, wider substrate range, less binding affinity to lignocellulosic materials, and abundant expression, BGL1 is likely to be more suitable for bioethanol production than BGL2 via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of rice straw with M. circinelloides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Kato
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan,
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Highly glucose tolerant β-glucosidase from Aspergillus unguis: NII 08123 for enhanced hydrolysis of biomass. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 40:967-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aspergillus unguis NII-08123, a filamentous fungus isolated from soil, was found to produce β-glucosidase (BGL) activity with high glucose tolerance. Cultivation of the fungus in different carbon sources resulted in the secretion of different isoforms of the enzyme. A low molecular weight isoform, which retained ~60 % activity in the presence of 1.5 M glucose, was purified to homogeneity and the purified enzyme exhibited a temperature and pH optima of 60 °C and 6, respectively. The K m and V max of the enzyme were 4.85 mM and 2.95 U/mg, respectively, for 4-nitrophenyl β-d-glucopyranoside. The glucose inhibition constant of the enzyme was 0.8 M, indicating high glucose tolerance, and this is the second-highest glucose tolerance ever reported from the Aspergillus nidulans group. The glucose-tolerant BGL from A. unguis, when supplemented to cellulase preparation from Penicillium, could improve biomass hydrolysis efficiency by 20 % in 12 h compared to the enzyme without additional beta glucosidase supplementation. The beta glucosidase from A. unguis is proposed as a highly potent “blend-in” for biomass saccharifying enzyme preparations.
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Amore A, Giacobbe S, Faraco V. Regulation of cellulase and hemicellulase gene expression in fungi. Curr Genomics 2013; 14:230-49. [PMID: 24294104 PMCID: PMC3731814 DOI: 10.2174/1389202911314040002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on regulation of cellulases and hemicellulases gene expression may be very useful for increasing the production of these enzymes in their native producers. Mechanisms of gene regulation of cellulase and hemicellulase expression in filamentous fungi have been studied, mainly in Aspergillus and Trichoderma. The production of these extracellular enzymes is an energy-consuming process, so the enzymes are produced only under conditions in which the fungus needs to use plant polymers as an energy and carbon source. Moreover, production of many of these enzymes is coordinately regulated, and induced in the presence of the substrate polymers. In addition to induction by mono- and oligo-saccharides, genes encoding hydrolytic enzymes involved in plant cell wall deconstruction in filamentous fungi can be repressed during growth in the presence of easily metabolizable carbon sources, such as glucose. Carbon catabolite repression is an important mechanism to repress the production of plant cell wall degrading enzymes during growth on preferred carbon sources. This manuscript reviews the recent advancements in elucidation of molecular mechanisms responsible for regulation of expression of cellulase and hemicellulase genes in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Amore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 4 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Giacobbe
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 4 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenza Faraco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 4 80126 Naples, Italy
- School of Biotechnological Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II” Italy
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Singhania RR, Patel AK, Sukumaran RK, Larroche C, Pandey A. Role and significance of beta-glucosidases in the hydrolysis of cellulose for bioethanol production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 127:500-7. [PMID: 23069613 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into liquid biofuels includes the search for a glucose tolerant beta-gulucosidase. Beta-glucosidase is the key enzyme component present in cellulase and completes the final step during cellulose hydrolysis by converting the cellobiose to glucose. This reaction is always under control as it gets inhibited by its product glucose. It is a major bottleneck in the efficient biomass conversion by cellulase. To circumvent this problem several strategies have been adopted which we have discussed in the article along with its production strategies and general properties. It plays a very significant role in bioethanol production from biomass through enzymatic route. Hence several amendments took place in the commercial preparation of cellulase for biomass hydrolysis, which contains higher and improved beta-glucosidase for efficient biomass conversion. This article presents beta-glucosidase as the key component for bioethanol from biomass through enzymatic route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeta Rani Singhania
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique et Biochimique, Université Blaise Pascal, Polytech Clermont-Ferrand, Aubiere cedex, France.
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Optimization of cellulase production using Trichoderma reesei by RSM and comparison with genetic algorithm. Front Chem Sci Eng 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-012-1225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Dashtban M, Qin W. Overexpression of an exotic thermotolerant β-glucosidase in trichoderma reesei and its significant increase in cellulolytic activity and saccharification of barley straw. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:63. [PMID: 22607229 PMCID: PMC3434039 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trichoderma reesei is a widely used industrial strain for cellulase production, but its low yield of β-glucosidase has prevented its industrial value. In the hydrolysis process of cellulolytic residues by T. reesei, a disaccharide known as cellobiose is produced and accumulates, which inhibits further cellulases production. This problem can be solved by adding β-glucosidase, which hydrolyzes cellobiose to glucose for fermentation. It is, therefore, of high vvalue to construct T. reesei strains which can produce sufficient β-glucosidase and other hydrolytic enzymes, especially when those enzymes are capable of tolerating extreme conditions such as high temperature and acidic or alkali pH. Results We successfully engineered a thermostable β-glucosidase gene from the fungus Periconia sp. into the genome of T. reesei QM9414 strain. The engineered T. reesei strain showed about 10.5-fold (23.9 IU/mg) higher β-glucosidase activity compared to the parent strain (2.2 IU/mg) after 24 h of incubation. The transformants also showed very high total cellulase activity (about 39.0 FPU/mg) at 24 h of incubation whereas the parent strain almost did not show any total cellulase activity at 24 h of incubation. The recombinant β-glucosidase showed to be thermotolerant and remains fully active after two-hour incubation at temperatures as high as 60°C. Additionally, it showed to be active at a wide pH range and maintains about 88% of its maximal activity after four-hour incubation at 25°C in a pH range from 3.0 to 9.0. Enzymatic hydrolysis assay using untreated, NaOH, or Organosolv pretreated barley straw as well as microcrystalline cellulose showed that the transformed T. reesei strains released more reducing sugars compared to the parental strain. Conclusions The recombinant T. reesei overexpressing Periconia sp. β-glucosidase in this study showed higher β-glucosidase and total cellulase activities within a shorter incubation time (24 h) as well as higher hydrolysis activity using biomass residues. These features suggest that the transformants can be used for β-glucosidase production as well as improving the biomass conversion using cellulases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Dashtban
- Biorefining Research Institute and Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, P7E 5E1
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Falkoski DL, Guimarães VM, de Almeida MN, Alfenas AC, Colodette JL, de Rezende ST. Characterization of Cellulolytic Extract from Pycnoporus sanguineus PF-2 and Its Application in Biomass Saccharification. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 166:1586-603. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9565-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Herculano PN, Porto TS, Moreira KA, Pinto GAS, Souza-Motta CM, Porto ALF. Cellulase production by Aspergillus japonicus URM5620 using waste from castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) under solid-state fermentation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:1057-67. [PMID: 21779793 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The activity of β-glucosidase (βG), total cellulase (FPase) and endoglucanase (CMCase), produced by Aspergillus japonicus URM5620, was studied on solid-state fermentation using castor bean meal as substrate. The effect of the substrate amount, initial moisture, pH, and temperature on cellulase production was studied using a full factorial design (2(4)). The maximum βG, FPase, and CMCase activity was 88.3, 953.4, and 191.6 U/g dry substrate, respectively. The best enzyme activities for all three enzymes were obtained at the same conditions with 5.0 g of substrate, initial moisture 15% at 25 °C and pH 6.0 with 120 h of fermentation. The optimum activity for FPase and CMCase was found at pH 3.0 at an optimum temperature of 50 °C for FPase and of 55 °C for CMCase. The cellulases were stable in the range of pH 3.0-10.0 at 50 °C temperature. The enzyme production optimization demonstrated clearly the impact of the process parameters on the yield of the cellulolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyanna Nunes Herculano
- Mycology Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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