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Atoki AV, Aja PM, Shinkafi TS, Ondari EN, Awuchi CG. Naringenin: its chemistry and roles in neuroprotection. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:637-666. [PMID: 37585716 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2243089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
According to epidemiological research, as the population ages, neurological illnesses are becoming a bigger issue. Despite improvements in the treatment of these diseases, there are still widespread worries about how to find a long-lasting remedy. Several neurological diseases can be successfully treated with natural substances. As a result, current research has been concentrated on finding effective neuroprotective drugs with improved efficacy and fewer side effects. Naringenin is one potential treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. Many citrus fruits, tomatoes, bergamots, and other fruits are rich in naringenin, a flavonoid. This phytochemical is linked to a variety of biological functions. Naringenin has attracted a lot of interest for its ability to exhibit neuroprotection through several mechanisms. In the current article, we present evidence from the literature that naringenin reduces neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in brain tissues. Also, the literatures that are currently accessible shows that naringenin reduces neuroinflammation and other neurological anomalies. Additionally, we found several studies that touted naringenin as a promising anti-amyloidogenic, antidepressant, and neurotrophic treatment option. This review's major goal is to reflect on advancements in knowledge of the molecular processes that underlie naringenin's possible neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, this article also provides highlights of Naringenin with respect to its chemistry and pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Maduabuchi Aja
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Uganda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | | | - Erick Nyakundi Ondari
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Uganda
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Kisii University, Kisii, Kenya
| | - Chinaza Godswill Awuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Uganda
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda
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2
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Li K, Xia T, Jiang Y, Wang N, Lai L, Xu S, Yue X, Xin H. A review on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and potential uses of Portulaca oleracea L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117211. [PMID: 37739100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Portulaca oleracea L. (PO), popularly known as purslane, has been documented in ethnopharmacology in various countries and regions. Traditional application records indicated that PO might be used extensively to treat the common cold, dysentery, urinary tract infections, coughing, eye infections, skin problems, gynecological diseases, and pediatric illnesses. AIM OF THE REVIEW This paper includes a systematic review of the traditional usage, phytochemicals, pharmacological activity, and potential uses of PO to provide an overview of the research for further exploitation of PO resources. MATERIALS AND METHODS This article uses "Portulaca oleracea L." and "purslane" as the keywords and collects relevant information on PO from different databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, Science Direct, ACS, Wiley, CNKI, Baidu Scholar, Google Scholar, and ancient meteria medica. RESULTS PO is a member of the Portulacaceae family and is grown worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that purslane has the effect of improving eyesight, eliminating evil qi, quenching thirst, purgation, diuresis, hemostasis, regulating qi, promoting hair growth, detoxifying, and avoiding epidemic qi. Recent phytochemical investigations have shown that PO is a rich source of flavonoids, homoisoflavonoids, alkaloids, organic acids, esters, lignans, terpenoids, catecholamines, sterols, and cerebrosides. The purslane extracts or compounds have exhibited numerous biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer, renoprotective, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, metabolic, muscle relaxant, anti-asthmatic and anti-osteoporosis properties. The significant omega-3 fatty acids, vital amino acids, minerals, and vitamins found in purslane also provide nutritional benefits. Purslane as a food/feed additive in the food industry and animal husbandry has caused concern. Its global wide distribution and tolerance to abiotic stress characteristics make it in the future sustainable development of agriculture a certain position. CONCLUSIONS Based on traditional usage, phytochemicals, and pharmacological activity, PO is a potential medicinal and edible plant with diverse pharmacological effects. Due to purslane's various advantages, it may have vast application potential in the food and pharmaceutical industries and animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianshuang Xia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nani Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyong Lai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyan Xu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yue
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hailiang Xin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Ghorani V, Saadat S, Khazdair MR, Gholamnezhad Z, El-Seedi H, Boskabady MH. Phytochemical Characteristics and Anti-Inflammatory, Immunoregulatory, and Antioxidant Effects of Portulaca oleracea L.: A Comprehensive Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:2075444. [PMID: 37693918 PMCID: PMC10484659 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2075444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Portulaca oleracea L. (P. oleracea) or purslane is a plant from the Portulacaceae family, which is used as food and traditional medicine for various diseases. This review article provides comprehensive information on the antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties of P. oleracea and its constituents. The literature survey of the different databases until the end of June 2023 was explored based on the keywords including the "P. oleracea, purslane, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties." The plant contains flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and some other compounds. The results indicated that P. oleracea and its constituents showed anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties through reduction of inflammatory mediators including interferon gama (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nitric oxide. Improvement in cytokines' serum levels (IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-4) and increased IgG and IgM serum levels, as well as reduction of IgE, phospholipase A2, and total protein were demonstrated for P. oleracea. The plant and its constituents also improved oxidative stress by reduction of oxidant and increase of antioxidant markers. P. oleracea could be considered as an effective remedy for various inflammatory and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Ghorani
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeideh Saadat
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hesham El-Seedi
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 210024, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 31100107, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Hassan SF, Ghoneim AI, Ghareeb DA, Nematalla HA. Portulaca oleracea L. (purslane) improves the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and autophagic actions of metformin in the hippocampus of diabetic demented rats. Fitoterapia 2023; 168:105566. [PMID: 37295752 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Great body of evidence links cognitive decline to diabetes/insulin resistance. In this study the effect of Portulaca oleracea (PUR) (100 mg/kg), Metformin (MET) (200 mg/kg), a first line diabetes mellitus type 2 therapy, and their combination on cognitive function and hippocampal markers in diabetic rats were assessed. Male rats were injected with streptozotocin (30 mg/kg on two successive weeks) followed by 4 weeks of treatment. Possible antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and autophagy enhancing mechanisms of these drugs were investigated in the hippocampal tissue using spectrophotometry, ELISA, and western blotting. Diabetic rats suffered significant cognitive impairment in Morris's water maze, hippocampal TBARS elevation, GSH depletion, and SOD upregulation. In addition, diabetes promoted the secretion of hippocampal inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β, and depleted anti-inflammatory cytokines as IL-10. Such detrimental changes were reversed by MET and/or PUR. Notably, AMPK was upregulated by diabetes, then restored to normal by MET and/or PUR. The pattern of change in AMPK expression was concomitant with changes in oxidative and inflammatory burden. Hence, AMPK is believed to be a key mediator in most of the measured pre-AD markers in this study. However, from our results, PUR is believed to have non-AMPK dependent actions as well. In conclusion, antidiabetic agents as metformin and purslane extract proved to be invaluable in addressing the cognitive decline and hippocampal changes that arise as a complication of diabetes. They mainly acted through AMPK pathway; however, their usefulness was not limited to AMPK pathways since their combination was suggested to have a different mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma F Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22514, Egypt; Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Borg Al-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
| | - Asser I Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22514, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 115020, Lebanon.
| | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Bio-Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt; Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Borg Al-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
| | - Hisham A Nematalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22514, Egypt.
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Kim JH, Ra JH, Kang H, Park SD, Shim JJ, Lee JL. Lactobacillus paracasei HP7 with Portulaca oleracea Linn. Alleviates Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Decline via Regulation of Neurotrophic Factor and Inflammation Signals in Mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:414-422. [PMID: 36721752 PMCID: PMC9843713 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.4.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
People often experience cognitive deterioration of various degrees, from early-stage mild cognitive impairment to severe cognitive decline. Cognitive deterioration is related to many diseases and studied to alleviated inflammation reaction or oxidative stress. In the present study, the levels of various memory-related proteins: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), amyloid beta (Aβ) 42, Aβ40, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were measured. Among Lactobacillus paracasei HP7 (HP7), Portulaca oleracea Linn. (PO) and HP7 together with PO (HP7A), the HP7A group had the best effect on increasing BDNF expression and suppressing Aβ40 expression. Also, we measured the protective effect on scopolamine-induced cognitive decline in mice. In the acquisition test, the HP7A group most reliably relieved cognitive decline from days 2 to 5 of scopolamine injection. When the probe test was performed on the day 6 of scopolamine injection, the HP7A group had the shortest escape latency. Based on the results of the Morris water maze tasks, we suggest that HP7A is most useful for ameliorating cognitive decline. It is suggested that the HP7A ameliorating scopolamine-induced cognitive decline via the increase of BDNF expression and the suppression of Aβ40 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi 17086, Korea
| | - Je Hyeon Ra
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi 17086, Korea
| | - Heerim Kang
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi 17086, Korea
| | | | | | - Jung-Lyoul Lee
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi 17086, Korea,
Correspondence to Jung-Lyoul Lee, E-mail:
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Bjørklund G, Antonyak H, Polishchuk A, Semenova Y, Lesiv M, Lysiuk R, Peana M. Effect of methylmercury on fetal neurobehavioral development: an overview of the possible mechanisms of toxicity and the neuroprotective effect of phytochemicals. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:3175-3199. [PMID: 36063174 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a global environmental pollutant with neurotoxic effects. Exposure to MeHg via consumption of seafood and fish can severely impact fetal neurobehavioral development even when MeHg levels in maternal blood are as low as about 5 μg/L, which the mother tolerates well. Persistent motor dysfunctions and cognitive deficits may result from trans-placental exposure. The present review summarizes current knowledge on the mechanisms of MeHg toxicity during the period of nervous system development. Although cerebellar Purkinje cells are MeHg targets, the actions of MeHg on thiol components in the neuronal cytoskeleton as well as on mitochondrial enzymes and induction of disturbances of glutamate signaling can impair extra-cerebellar functions, also at levels well tolerated by adult individuals. Numerous herbal substances possess neuroprotective effects, predominantly represented by natural polyphenolic molecules that might be utilized to develop natural drugs to alleviate neurotoxicity symptoms caused by MeHg or other Hg compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610, Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | | | | | | | - Marta Lesiv
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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7
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Hussein RM, Youssef AM, Magharbeh MK, Al-Dalaen SM, Al-Jawabri NA, Al-Nawaiseh TN, Al-Jwanieh A, Al-Ani FS. Protective Effect of Portulaca oleracea Extract Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation, Memory Decline, and Oxidative Stress in Mice: Potential Role of miR-146a and miR-let 7. J Med Food 2022; 25:807-817. [PMID: 35235435 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an adaptive immune response to the central nervous system (CNS) injury induced by infection or toxins. MicroRNAs (miRs) showed critical roles in neuroinflammation as either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory molecules. Interestingly, Portulaca oleracea (purslane) is an edible plant capable of ameliorating several diseases, including headache, burns, and diabetes; however, its effect on the neuroinflammation-associated miRs was not previously investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of aqueous purslane extract on the neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice and to identify its effect on animal cognition, oxidative stress, and expressions of miR-146a and miR-let 7. Adult mice were divided into the following groups: Normal group, LPS group, and Purslane+LPS group. Novel target recognition test, brain histopathology, and measurement of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were performed. The results showed that LPS group exhibited significant decline in the cognitive memory, brain histopathological injury and a decrease in the number of intact neurons compared to the normal group. Furthermore, the LPS group showed a significant increase in malondialdehyde concentration, whereas superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were decreased. The LPS group also showed an increase in the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-α and nuclear factor kappa B and downregulation of miR-146a and miR-let 7 expressions in the brain cells compared to the normal group, P value <.05. Interestingly, all these changes were reversed by administration of the aqueous purslane extract. In conclusion, the aqueous purslane extract protected from LPS-induced neuroinflammation and memory decline in mice through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect where upregulation of miR-146a and miR-1et 7 expressions was involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Mousa K Magharbeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Saed M Al-Dalaen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Nariman A Al-Jawabri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Taymaa N Al-Nawaiseh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Abdullah Al-Jwanieh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Fakhir S Al-Ani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
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8
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Catarina Duarte A, Raquel Costa A, Gonçalves I, Quintela T, Preissner R, R A Santos C. The druggability of bitter taste receptors for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 197:114915. [PMID: 35051386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of therapeutic drugs to the brain remains a major pharmacology challenge. A complex system of chemical surveillance to protect the brain from endogenous and exogenous toxicants at brain barriers hinders the uptake of many compounds with significant in vitro and ex vivo therapeutic properties. Despite the advances in the field in recent years, the components of this system are not completely understood. Recently, a large group of chemo-sensing receptors, have been identified in the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Among these chemo-sensing receptors, bitter taste receptors (TAS2R) hold promise as potential drug targets, as many TAS2R bind compounds with recognized neuroprotective activity (quercetin, resveratrol, among others). Whether activation of TAS2R by their ligands contributes to their diverse biological actions described in other cells and tissues is still debatable. In this review, we discuss the potential role of TAS2R gene family as the mediators of the biological activity of their ligands for the treatment of central nervous system disorders and discuss their potential to counteract drug resistance by improving drug delivery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Duarte
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; CPIRN-IPG- Centro de Potencial e Inovação de Recursos Naturais- Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Av. Dr. Francisco de Sá Carneiro, 6300-559, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Costa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Robert Preissner
- Institute of Physiology and Science-IT, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Philippstrasse 12, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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Liu X, Wu H, Tao X, Ying X, Stien D. Two amide glycosides from Portulaca oleracea L. and its bioactivities. Nat Prod Res 2021; 35:2655-2659. [PMID: 34414848 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1660333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Two novel amide glycosides, named oleraciamide E (1) and oleraciamide F (2), were isolated from the Portulaca oleracea L. Their structures were determined by means of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and UHPLC-ESI-TOF-MS methods. Oleraciamide E (1) exhibited anticholinesterase activity with IC50 values of 52.43 ± 0.33 μM, and presented scavenging activity in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical quenching assay, with the IC50 values of 24.64 ± 0.33 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Wu
- Cancer Intervention Department, Shenyang Sujiatun District Central Hospital, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Xixiang Ying
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Didier Stien
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Microbienne, Banyuls-sur-mer, France
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10
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Alam M, Yadav RK, Minj E, Tiwari A, Mehan S. Exploring Molecular Approaches in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Drug Targets from Clinical and Pre-Clinical Findings. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 14:263-280. [PMID: 32342825 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020666200427214356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disease (MND) characterized by the death of upper and lower motor neurons (corticospinal tract) in the motor cortex, basal ganglia, brain stem, and spinal cord. The patient experiences the sign and symptoms between 55 to 75 years of age, which include impaired motor movement, difficulty in speaking and swallowing, grip loss, muscle atrophy, spasticity, and sometimes associated with memory and cognitive impairments. Median survival is 3 to 5 years after diagnosis and 5 to 10% of the patients live for more than 10 years. The limited intervention of pharmacologically active compounds, that are used clinically, is majorly associated with the narrow therapeutic index. Pre-clinically established experimental models, where neurotoxin methyl mercury mimics the ALS like behavioural and neurochemical alterations in rodents associated with neuronal mitochondrial dysfunctions and downregulation of adenyl cyclase mediated cAMP/CREB, is the main pathological hallmark for the progression of ALS in central as well in the peripheral nervous system. Despite the considerable investigation into neuroprotection, it still constrains treatment choices to strong care and organization of ALS complications. Therefore, this current review specially targeted the investigation of clinical and pre-clinical features available for ALS to understand the pathogenic mechanisms and to explore the pharmacological interventions associated with the up-regulation of intracellular adenyl cyclase/cAMP/ CREB and activation of mitochondrial-ETC coenzyme-Q10 as a future drug target in the amelioration of ALS mediated motor neuronal dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamtaj Alam
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Rajeshwar K Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Elizabeth Minj
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Aarti Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
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11
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Farag OM, Abd-Elsalam RM, Ogaly HA, Ali SE, El Badawy SA, Alsherbiny MA, Li CG, Ahmed KA. Metabolomic Profiling and Neuroprotective Effects of Purslane Seeds Extract Against Acrylamide Toxicity in Rat's Brain. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:819-842. [PMID: 33439429 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Acrylamide (ACR) is an environmental pollutant with well-demonstrated neurotoxic and neurodegenerative effects in both humans and experimental animals. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Portulaca oleracea seeds extract (PSE) against ACR-induced neurotoxicity in rats and its possible underlying mechanisms. PSE was subjected to phytochemical investigation using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with quantitative time of flight mass spectrometry (qTOF-MS). Multivariate, clustering and correlation data analyses were performed to assess the overall effects of PSE on ACR-challenged rats. Rats were divided into six groups including negative control, ACR-intoxicated group (10 mg/kg/day), PSE treated groups (200 and 400 mg/kg/day), and ACR + PSE treated groups (200 and 400 mg/kg/day, respectively). All treatments were given intragastrically for 60 days. PSE markedly ameliorated brain damage as evidenced by the decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDL), increased acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activities, as well as the increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) that were altered by the toxic dose of ACR. In addition, PSE markedly attenuated ACR-induced histopathological alterations in the cerebrum, cerebellum, hippocampus and sciatic nerve and downregulated the ACR-inclined GFAP expression. PSE restored the oxidative status in the brain as indicated by glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation and increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC). PSE upregulated the mRNA expression of protein kinase B (AKT), which resulted in an upsurge in its downstream cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)/BDNF mRNA expression in the brain tissue of ACR-intoxicated rats. All exerted PSE beneficial effects were dose-dependent, with the ACR-challenged group received PSE 400 mg/kg dose showed a close clustering to the negative control in both unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-Da) alongside with the hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). The current investigation confirmed the neuroprotective capacity of PSE against ACR-induced brain injury, and our findings indicate that AKT/CREB pathways and BDNF synthesis may play an important role in the PSE-mediated protective effects against ACR-triggered neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola M Farag
- General Organization for Veterinary Services, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reham M Abd-Elsalam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Ogaly
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sara E Ali
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shymaa A El Badawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muhammed A Alsherbiny
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Chun Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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12
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Ying Z, Jiang M, Wang L, Ying X, Yang G. Bioactivities of 7'‑ethoxy‑trans‑feruloyltyramine from Portulaca oleracea L. and its metabolism in rats using ultra‑high‑performance liquid chromatography electrospray coupled with quadrupole time‑of‑flight mass spectrometry. Indian J Pharmacol 2020; 52:130-133. [PMID: 32565600 PMCID: PMC7282688 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_171_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aims to study the antioxidation and anticholinesterase activities of 7'-ethoxy-trans-feruloyltyramine (ETFT), which was an alkaloid isolated from Portulaca oleracea for the first time. Furthermore, its main metabolites and metabolic pathways in rats were also explored. The antioxidation and anticholinesterase effects of ETFT were, respectively, examined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay and modified Ellman's method. The results showed that ETFT exhibited both the good antioxidant and anticholinesterase effects. Its main metabolites in rats were implemented, and nine metabolites were finally found in the rat's plasma and urine, including the oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, glucuronidation, sulfation, and glutathionylation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheming Ying
- Department of Cardiology, School of the First Clinic, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingyue Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Xixiang Ying
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Guanlin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, School of the First Clinic, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
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13
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Mirkov I, Stojković D, Aleksandrov AP, Ivanov M, Kostić M, Glamočlija J, Soković M. Plant Extracts and Isolated Compounds Reduce Parameters of Oxidative Stress Induced by Heavy Metals: An up-to-Date Review on Animal Studies. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1799-1815. [PMID: 32264808 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200407163408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy metals are elements that are naturally found in the earth. They are used in many modern-day applications in agriculture, medicine, and industry. Heavy metal poisoning occurs when the body's soft tissues absorb too much of a particular metal. The heavy metals of interest for this review paper were cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and lead since these are the most common metals that the human body can absorb in toxic amounts. Different plant species were investigated in recent years for their effect on oxidative stress parameters after intoxication with heavy metals. OBJECTIVES This review paper is focused on the current update to research on heavy metals induced oxidative stress in animal models and improvement of the oxidative stress parameters upon/co-/after treatment with different plant extracts and isolated compounds. METHODS The available literature was screened for the novel data regarding the influence of plant extracts and compounds on heavy metals induced oxidative stress. For that purposes Scopus database was used, looking for the publications in the last 5-10 years with the key terms: plant extracts, oxidative stress, in vivo, cadmium, lead, mercury and arcenic. RESULTS Various parameters of oxidative stress were investigated, and their improvement with plant extracts/ compounds was observed in the brain, lungs, kidneys, liver, uterus, testis, thymus, spleen, heart, skin and blood of experimental animals. Common parameters used to determine oxidative stress in animals were: superoxide dismutase; catalase; reduced glutathione; glutathione reductase; glutathione-S-transferase; glutathione peroxidase; lipid peroxidation; oxidized glutathione; malondialdehyde; xanthine oxidase; nonprotein-soluble thiol; thioredoxin reductase; total sulphydryl group; nitric oxide; γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase. CONCLUSION The most investigated species for antioxidant effects upon intoxication with heavy metals seem to be Allium sp., Bacopa monniera, Camellia sinensis, Moringa oleifera, Vitis vinifera and Zingiber officinale. According to literature data, the most promising effect to alleviate symptoms of intoxication was achieved with proanthocyanidins obtained from Vitis vinifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Mirkov
- The University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Stojković
- The University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra P Aleksandrov
- The University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Ivanov
- The University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Kostić
- The University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Glamočlija
- The University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Soković
- The University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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14
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Xu W, Ying Z, Tao X, Ying X, Yang G. Two new amide alkaloids from Portulaca oleracea L. and their anticholinesterase activities. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:3794-3800. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1739040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Zheming Ying
- School of The First Clinic, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Xixiang Ying
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Guanlin Yang
- School of The First Clinic, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
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15
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Chang J, Zhou Y, Wang Q, Aschner M, Lu R. Plant components can reduce methylmercury toxication: A mini-review. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:129290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Nouri Z, Fakhri S, El-Senduny FF, Sanadgol N, Abd-ElGhani GE, Farzaei MH, Chen JT. On the Neuroprotective Effects of Naringenin: Pharmacological Targets, Signaling Pathways, Molecular Mechanisms, and Clinical Perspective. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E690. [PMID: 31684142 PMCID: PMC6920995 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a group of progressive, chronic, and disabling disorders, neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) affect millions of people worldwide, and are on the rise. NDs are known as the gradual loss of neurons; however, their pathophysiological mechanisms have not been precisely revealed. Due to the complex pathophysiological mechanisms behind the neurodegeneration, investigating effective and multi-target treatments has remained a clinical challenge. Besides, appropriate neuroprotective agents are still lacking, which raises the need for new therapeutic agents. In recent years, several reports have introduced naturally-derived compounds as promising alternative treatments for NDs. Among natural entities, flavonoids are multi-target alternatives affecting different pathogenesis mechanisms in neurodegeneration. Naringenin is a natural flavonoid possessing neuroprotective activities. Increasing evidence has attained special attention on the variety of therapeutic targets along with complex signaling pathways for naringenin, which suggest its possible therapeutic applications in several NDs. Here, in this review, the neuroprotective effects of naringenin, as well as its related pharmacological targets, signaling pathways, molecular mechanisms, and clinical perspective, are described. Moreover, the need to develop novel naringenin delivery systems is also discussed to solve its widespread pharmacokinetic limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Nouri
- Student's Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran.
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Fardous F El-Senduny
- Biochemistry division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Nima Sanadgol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol 7383198616, Iran.
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - Ghada E Abd-ElGhani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mansoura, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan.
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17
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Crespo-López ME, Soares ES, Macchi BDM, Santos-Sacramento L, Takeda PY, Lopes-Araújo A, Paraense RSDO, Souza-Monteiro JR, Augusto-Oliveira M, Luz DA, Maia CDSF, Rogez H, Lima MDO, Pereira JP, Oliveira DC, Burbano RR, Lima RR, do Nascimento JLM, Arrifano GDP. Towards Therapeutic Alternatives for Mercury Neurotoxicity in the Amazon: Unraveling the Pre-Clinical Effects of the Superfruit Açaí ( Euterpe oleracea, Mart.) as Juice for Human Consumption. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112585. [PMID: 31717801 PMCID: PMC6893510 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) exposure is a serious problem of public health, especially in the Amazon. Exposure in riverine populations is responsible for neurobehavioral abnormalities. It was hypothesized that consumption of Amazonian fruits could protect by reducing mercury accumulation. This work analyzed the effects of commercial samples of Euterpe oleracea (EO) for human consumption (10 μL/g) against MeHg i.p. exposure (2.5 mg/Kg), using neurobehavioral (open field, rotarod and pole tests), biochemical (lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels), aging-related (telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) mRNA expression) and toxicokinetic (MeHg content) parameters in mice. Both the pole and rotarod tests were the most sensitive tests accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels in brains. MeHg reduced TERT mRNA about 50% demonstrating a strong pro-aging effect. The EO intake, similar to that of human populations, prevented all alterations, without changing the mercury content, but avoiding neurotoxicity and premature aging of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Contrary to the hypothesis found in the literature on the possible chelating properties of Amazonian fruits consumption, the effect of EO would be essentially pharmacodynamics, and possible mechanisms are discussed. Our data already support the regular consumption of EO as an excellent option for exposed Amazonian populations to have additional protection against MeHg intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ericks Sousa Soares
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Federal University of Pará, Belém-PA 66075-110, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Investigation, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa, Catarina, Florianópolis-SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Barbarella de Matos Macchi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurochemistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém-PA 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Yuki Takeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Federal University of Pará, Belém-PA 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Amanda Lopes-Araújo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Federal University of Pará, Belém-PA 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcus Augusto-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Federal University of Pará, Belém-PA 66075-110, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Diandra Araújo Luz
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior and Federal University of Pará, Belém-PA 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Hervé Rogez
- Centre for Valorisation of Amazonian Bioactive Compounds (CVACBA) and Federal University of Pará, Belém-PA 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - João Paulo Pereira
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretary of Sanitary Surveillance, Belém-PA 66093-020, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém-PA 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela de Paula Arrifano
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Federal University of Pará, Belém-PA 66075-110, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
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18
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Yahyazadeh Mashhadi SN, Askari VR, Ghorani V, Jelodar GA, Boskabady MH. The effect of Portulaca oleracea and α-linolenic acid on oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Indian J Pharmacol 2019; 50:177-184. [PMID: 30505053 PMCID: PMC6234711 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_737_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Various pharmacological effects including antioxidant property of Portulaca oleracea L. were reported previously. In the present study, the effect of the extract of the plant and its constituent, α-linolenic acid (ALA), on oxidant and antioxidant markers of PHA/non-stimulated human mononuclear cells was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effect of 10, 40, and 160 μg/ml of P. oleracea and 5, 15, and 45 μg/ml of ALA or dexamethasone (0.1 mM) on nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), total thiol (SH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in the supernatant of phytohemagglutinin-A (PHA)- and nonstimulated lymphocytes was examined (n = 6 for each group). RESULTS: In nonstimulated cells, dexamethasone, high concentration of the extract (160 μg/ml), and ALA (45 μg/ml) significantly increased thiol, CAT, and SOD values. Dexamethasone and high concentration of ALA significantly reduced MDA value (P < 0.01 to P < 0.001). However, the levels of NO and MDA due to dexamethasone and 160 μg/ml of the extract and 15 and 45 μg/ml of ALA treatment were also reduced in PHA-stimulated cells (P < 0.001 for all cases). Treatment of stimulated lymphocyte by dexamethasone and two higher concentrations of the extract and ALA also leads to increased levels of thiol, CAT, and SOD (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: P. oleracea and ALA, as well as dexamethasone, decreased NO and MDA levels but increased antioxidant agents in human lymphocytes. These results suggest that P. oleracea and ALA may have therapeutic effect in diseases associated with enhancement of oxidation agents as an antioxidant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahideh Ghorani
- Pharmaciutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Basic Science, School of Veterinary, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholam Ali Jelodar
- Department of Basic Science, School of Veterinary, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Department of Basic Science, School of Veterinary, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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19
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Nakamura R, Shirahata T, Konishi N, Takanezawa Y, Sone Y, Uraguchi S, Kobayashi Y, Kiyono M. Oleanolic acid 3-glucoside, a synthetic oleanane-type saponin, alleviates methylmercury toxicity in vitro and in vivo. Toxicology 2019; 417:15-22. [PMID: 30776458 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is one of the most toxic environmental pollutants, presenting a serious health hazard worldwide. In this study, we examined the potential of derivatives of oleanolic acid (OA), such as OA 3-glucoside, OA 28-glucoside, and OA 3,28-diglucoside, to mitigate MeHg toxicity in vitro and in vivo. We found that OA 3-glucoside suppressed the cellular MeHg uptake by 63.4% compared with that of the control and improved the cell viability from 75.4% to 107.9% upon exposure to cytotoxic MeHg in Caco-2 cells. To verify the anti-MeHg activity of OA 3-glucoside, mice were orally administered MeHg (0, 1.0, or 5.0 mg kg-1·d-1), with or without OA 3-glucoside, and then mercury accumulation was measured in various organs of the mice. The mice co-treated with MeHg and OA 3-glucoside showed significantly lower mercury content in organs such as the cerebrum, cerebellum, liver, kidney, and spleen, with 83.1%, 68.7%, 71.7%, 82.1%, and 18.2% of those in the OA 3-glucoside-untreated group, respectively. This suggested OA 3-glucoside had the potential as an anti-MeHg compound, owing to its ability to suppress the distribution of MeHg into organs. Supporting this hypothesis, the mice treated with MeHg and OA 3-glucoside showed a tendency to survive one day longer than the control mice. Our findings suggest OA 3-glucoside administration alleviates the toxicity of MeHg by suppressing MeHg accumulation in organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Nakamura
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shirahata
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Naruki Konishi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Takanezawa
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yuka Sone
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Shimpei Uraguchi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kobayashi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masako Kiyono
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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20
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Farina M, Aschner M. Glutathione antioxidant system and methylmercury-induced neurotoxicity: An intriguing interplay. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:129285. [PMID: 30659883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a toxic chemical compound naturally produced mainly in the aquatic environment through the methylation of inorganic mercury catalyzed by aquatic microorganisms. MeHg is biomagnified in the aquatic food chain and, consequently, piscivorous fish at the top of the food chain possess huge amounts of MeHg (at the ppm level). Some populations that have fish as main protein's source can be exposed to exceedingly high levels of MeHg and develop signs of toxicity. MeHg is toxic to several organs, but the central nervous system (CNS) represents a preferential target, especially during development (prenatal and early postnatal periods). Though the biochemical events involved in MeHg-(neuro)toxicity are not yet entirely comprehended, a vast literature indicates that its pro-oxidative properties explain, at least partially, several of its neurotoxic effects. As result of its electrophilicity, MeHg interacts with (and oxidize) nucleophilic groups, such as thiols and selenols, present in proteins or low-molecular weight molecules. It is noteworthy that such interactions modify the redox state of these groups and, therefore, lead to oxidative stress and impaired function of several molecules, culminating in neurotoxicity. Among these molecules, glutathione (GSH; a major thiol antioxidant) and thiol- or selenol-containing enzymes belonging to the GSH antioxidant system represent key molecular targets involved in MeHg-neurotoxicity. In this review, we firstly present a general overview concerning the neurotoxicity of MeHg. Then, we present fundamental aspects of the GSH-antioxidant system, as well as the effects of MeHg on this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Farina
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
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21
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Jiang W, Chen Y, Li B, Gao S. DBA-induced caspase-3-dependent apoptosis occurs through mitochondrial translocation of cyt-c in the rat hippocampus. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2018; 13:1863-1873. [PMID: 28731097 DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00246g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dibromoacetic acid (DBA), a by-product of disinfection, develops in drinking water during chlorination or ozonation processes. Water intake is the main source of DBA exposure in humans, which is potentially neurotoxic. The present study investigated the neurotoxic effects of DBA by assessing the behavioral and biochemical characteristics of Sprague Dawley rats intragastrically treated with DBA at concentrations of 20, 50 and 125 mg kg-1 body weight for 28 consecutive days. The results indicated that animal weight gain and food consumption were not significantly affected by DBA. However, shuttle box tests showed increases in mistake frequency and reaction latency between the control and high-dose group. We found significant changes in hippocampal neurons by histomorphological observation. Additionally, biochemical analysis indicated enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in disruption of cellular antioxidant defense systems including decreased mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and release of cytochrome c (cyt-c) from mitochondria into the cytosol, which can induce neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, the increase of cyt-c in the cytosol enhanced caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity, which was confirmed by poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1) cleavage to its signature fragment of 85 kDa and decreased levels of protein kinase C-δ (PKC-δ) in the hippocampus. Meanwhile, DBA treatment caused differential modulation of apoptosis-associated proteins and mRNAs for phosphorylated apoptosis signal regulating kinase 1 (p-ASK-1), phosphorylated c-jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), cyt-c, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 accompanied by DNA damage. Taken together, these data indicate that DBA may induce neurotoxicity via caspase-3-dependent apoptosis involving mitochondrial translocation of cyt-c in the rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, P. R. China.
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