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Kim JE, Lee HS, Jang W. Serum zinc deficiency is a potential risk factor for the occurrence of levodopa-induced dyskinesia in drug-naïve Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1282367. [PMID: 38020782 PMCID: PMC10652755 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1282367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since environmental factors, especially heavy metals, were highlighted in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), there are many epidemiologic studies regarding heavy metals and PD risk. However, longitudinal studies regarding the impacts of heavy metals on motor and nonmotor symptoms of PD are scarce. Methods In the current study, we compared the serum levels of five heavy metals, such as zinc(Zn), copper(Cu), lead(Pb), mercury(Hg), and manganese(Mn), in 111 previously drug-naïve PD patients (n = 111) retrospectively. Among these 111 patients, 65 were PD patients without levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), while the other 46 had LID. We assembled clinical characteristics of PD and performed correlation analysis with heavy metal levels. At baseline, all subjects were examined with 18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β-carboxymethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FP-CIT PET/CT). We used Cox proportional hazards regression analysis for determining factors relevant to the time to LID development in PD subjects. Results Zn deficiency was significantly higher in the PD with LID group than in the PD without LID group (79.58 ± 12.28 versus 88.16 ± 15.15 μg/L). Lower serum Zn levels were significantly correlated with age of onset, levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) at 3 months, and Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) scores (r = 0.16, p < 0.05, r = - 0.20, p < 0.01, r = 0.28, p < 0.01). Additionally, Zn deficiency was associated with a reduced time to LID development in the adjusted model (HR 0.978, 95% CI 0.956-0.999). Conclusion This study suggests that serum Zn deficiency might be a risk factor for LID in drug-naïve PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joung Eun Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Jang
- Department of Neurology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
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2
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Yildirim S, Oylumlu E, Ozkan A, Sinen O, Bulbul M, Goksu ET, Ertosun MG, Tanriover G. ZINC (Zn) AND ADIPOSE-DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS (AD-MSCs) ON MPTP-INDUCED PARKINSON'S DISEASE MODEL: A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF BEHAVIORAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL RESULTS. Neurotoxicology 2023; 97:1-11. [PMID: 37146888 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and sustained neuroinflammation due to microglial activation. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) secrete neuroprotective factors to prevent neuronal damage. Furthermore, Zn regulates stem cell proliferation and differentiation and has immunomodulatory functions. Our in vivo study aimed to investigate whether Zn affects the activities of AD-MSCs in the MPTP-induced mouse model. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into six groups (n=6): Control, Zn, PD, PD+Zn, PD+(AD-MSC), PD+(AD-MSC)+Zn. MPTP toxin (20mg/kg) was dissolved in saline and intraperitoneally injected into experimental groups for two days with 12h intervals. On the 3rd day, AD-MSCs were given to the right lateral ventricle of the PD+(AD-MSC) and PD+(AD-MSC)+Zn groups by stereotaxic surgery. Then, ZnSO4H2O was administered intraperitoneally for 4 days at 2mg/kg. Seven days post MPTP injection, the motor activities of the mouse were evaluated. Then immunohistochemical analyzes were performed in SNpc. Our results showed that motor activity was lower in Group PD. AD-MSC and Zn administration have improved this impairment. MPTP caused a decrease in TH and BDNF expressions in dopaminergic neurons in Group PD. However, TH and BDNF expressions were more intense in the other groups. MCP-1, TGF-β, and IL-10 expressions increased in administered groups compared to the Group PD. The present study indicates that Zn's individual and combined administration with AD-MSCs reduces neuronal damage in the MPTP-induced mouse model. In addition, anti-inflammatory responses that emerge with Zn and AD-MSCs may have a neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sendegul Yildirim
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ece Oylumlu
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ayse Ozkan
- Izmir Bakircay University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Osman Sinen
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bulbul
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ethem Taner Goksu
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Gokhan Ertosun
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gamze Tanriover
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Antalya, Turkey; Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Antalya, Turkey.
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Wang B, Fang T, Chen H. Zinc and Central Nervous System Disorders. Nutrients 2023; 15:2140. [PMID: 37432243 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn2+) is the second most abundant necessary trace element in the human body, exerting a critical role in many physiological processes such as cellular proliferation, transcription, apoptosis, growth, immunity, and wound healing. It is an essential catalyst ion for many enzymes and transcription factors. The maintenance of Zn2+ homeostasis is essential for the central nervous system, in which Zn2+ is abundantly distributed and accumulates in presynaptic vesicles. Synaptic Zn2+ is necessary for neural transmission, playing a pivotal role in neurogenesis, cognition, memory, and learning. Emerging data suggest that disruption of Zn2+ homeostasis is associated with several central nervous system disorders including Alzheimer's disease, depression, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, epilepsy, and traumatic brain injury. Here, we reviewed the correlation between Zn2+ and these central nervous system disorders. The potential mechanisms were also included. We hope that this review can provide new clues for the prevention and treatment of nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangqi Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Tianshu Fang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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Lee J, Park S, Jang W. Serum zinc deficiency could be associated with dementia conversion in Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1132907. [PMID: 37181629 PMCID: PMC10172503 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1132907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Association between heavy metals and Parkinson's disease (PD) is well noted, but studies regarding heavy metal levels and non-motor symptoms of PD, such as PD's dementia (PD-D), are lacking. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we compared five serum heavy metal levels (Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg, and Mn) of newly diagnosed PD patients (n = 124). Among 124 patients, 40 patients were later converted to Parkinson's disease dementia (PD-D), and 84 patients remained without dementia during the follow-up time. We collected clinical parameters of PD and conducted correlation analysis with heavy metal levels. PD-D conversion time was defined as the initiation time of cholinesterase inhibitors. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify factors associated with dementia conversion in PD subjects. Results Zn deficiency was significant in the PD-D group than in the PD without dementia group (87.53 ± 13.20 vs. 74.91 ± 14.43, p < 0.01). Lower serum Zn level was significantly correlated with K-MMSE and LEDD at 3 months (r = -0.28, p < 0.01; r = 0.38, p < 0.01). Zn deficiency also contributed to a shorter time to dementia conversion (HR 0.953, 95% CI 0.919 to 0.988, p < 0.01). Conclusion This clinical study suggests that a low serum Zn level can be a risk factor for developing PD-D and could be used as a biological marker for PD-D conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Park
- Department of Biostatistics, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Jang
- Department of Neurology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Wooyoung Jang,
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Costa HN, Esteves AR, Empadinhas N, Cardoso SM. Parkinson's Disease: A Multisystem Disorder. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:113-124. [PMID: 35994167 PMCID: PMC9849652 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00934-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The way sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) is perceived has undergone drastic changes in recent decades. For a long time, PD was considered a brain disease characterized by motor disturbances; however, the identification of several risk factors and the hypothesis that PD has a gastrointestinal onset have shed additional light. Today, after recognition of prodromal non-motor symptoms and the pathological processes driving their evolution, there is a greater understanding of the involvement of other organ systems. For this reason, PD is increasingly seen as a multiorgan and multisystemic pathology that arises from the interaction of susceptible genetic factors with a challenging environment during aging-related decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Nunes Costa
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Esteves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Empadinhas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Morais Cardoso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Zhang X, Wang K, Ren XL, Zhang MD, Wu KN, Wu H, Chu ZW, Liu SS, Jiang XX, Zhu JH, Wu HM. Zinc Deficiency Exacerbates Behavioral Impediments and Dopaminergic Neuron Degeneration in a Mouse Model of Parkinson Disease. J Nutr 2023; 153:167-175. [PMID: 36913450 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating zinc (Zn) concentrations are lower than normal in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). It is unknown whether Zn deficiency increases the susceptibility to PD. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary Zn deficiency on behaviors and dopaminergic neurons in a mouse model of PD and to explore potential mechanisms. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice aged 8-10 wk were fed Zn adequate (ZnA; 30 μg/g) or Zn deficient (ZnD; <5 μg/g) diet throughout the experiments. Six weeks later 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was injected to generate the PD model. Controls were injected with saline. Thus, 4 groups (Saline-ZnA, Saline-ZnD, MPTP-ZnA, and MPTP-ZnD) were formed. The experiment lasted 13 wk. Open field test, rotarod test, immunohistochemistry, and RNA sequencing were performed. Data were analyzed with t-test, 2-factor ANOVA, or Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS Both MPTP and ZnD diet treatments led to a significant reduction in blood Zn concentrations (PMPTP = 0.012, PZn = 0.014), reduced total distance traveled (PMPTP < 0.001, PZn = 0.031), and affected the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (PMPTP < 0.001, PZn = 0.020). In the MPTP-treated mice, the ZnD diet significantly reduced total distance traveled by 22.4% (P = 0.026), decreased latency to fall by 49.9% (P = 0.026), and reduced dopaminergic neurons by 59.3% (P = 0.002) compared with the ZnA diet. RNA sequencing analysis revealed a total of 301 differentially expressed genes (156 upregulated; 145 downregulated) in the substantia nigra of ZnD mice compared with ZnA mice. The genes were involved in a number of processes, including protein degradation, mitochondria integrity, and α-synuclein aggregation. CONCLUSIONS Zn deficiency aggravates movement disorders in PD mice. Our results support previous clinical observations and suggest that appropriate Zn supplementation may be beneficial for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Zhang
- Institute of Geriatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Geriatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Neurology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University (the Central Hospital of Lishui), Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Li Ren
- Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng-Di Zhang
- Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai-Nian Wu
- Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han Wu
- Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Chu
- Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu-Shu Liu
- Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Jiang
- Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhu
- Institute of Geriatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hong-Mei Wu
- Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Sophiabadi M, Rastgoo N, Haghdoost-Yazdi H. Dopaminergic Neuronal Death in Substantia Nigra Associates with Serum Levels of Total Bilirubin, Selenium, and Zinc: Evidences from 6-Hydroxydopamine Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4058-4067. [PMID: 34741694 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mild to moderate dopaminergic (DA) neuronal death in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) as the main pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) is usually silent and does not produce marked clinical symptoms. In this study, we investigated the association between SNc DA neuronal loss and serum levels of total bilirubin (TB), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) animal model of PD. The neurotoxin of 6-OHDA was injected into the medial forebrain bundle of right hemisphere by stereotaxic surgery. Two conventional behavioral tests were carried out in several steps after the toxin to confirm the model reproduction and quantify severity and progress of 6-OHDA-induced PD. Blood samples were collected within 1 week before the toxin and in the second, fifth, and eighth weeks thereafter. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assessments were performed on the rat's brain to determine the severity of DA neuronal loss in SNc. The severity of behavioral symptoms and TB levels were progressively increased in 6-OHDA-treated rats. On the other hand, Se and Zn levels in them were lower than control. These changes were observed in rats with severe or mild behavioral symptoms. Also, IHC revealed that changes in TB, Se, and Zn associate with SNc DA neuronal loss but do not correlate with its severity. Significant changes in serum levels of TB, Se, and Zn in the mild SNc DA neuronal loss suggest them as valuable parameters for establishment of a serum profile for early detection of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sophiabadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, 3414951414, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Rastgoo
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, 3414951414, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hashem Haghdoost-Yazdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, 3414951414, Qazvin, Iran.
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Li J, Cao D, Huang Y, Chen B, Chen Z, Wang R, Dong Q, Wei Q, Liu L. Zinc Intakes and Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:798078. [PMID: 35211497 PMCID: PMC8861317 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.798078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the zinc element is crucial in human beings. Zinc has gained more attention during the COVID-19 pandemic due to its utilization for the treatment and prevention of respiratory tract infections. However, some studies also pointed out that zinc intake might cause unwanted side effects and even be dangerous when overdosed. To reveal the relationship between zinc intake and health outcomes, we performed an umbrella review from human studies. In total, the umbrella review included 43 articles and identified 11 outcomes for dietary zinc intake and 86 outcomes for supplementary zinc intake. Dietary zinc intake in the highest dose would decrease the risk of overall and specific digestive tract cancers, depression, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adults. Supplementary zinc consumption in adults was linked to an improvement of depression, antioxidant capacity and sperm quality, higher serum zinc concentration, and lower concentration of inflammatory markers. Zinc supplementation in children would reduce the incidence of diarrhea and pneumonia, improve zinc deficiency and boost growth. However, zinc might not decrease all-cause mortality in adults or the in-hospital mortality of COVID-19. And better maternal and neonatal outcomes may not derive from pregnant women who consumed higher or lower doses of zinc supplementation (>20 mg/day and <20 mg/day, respectively). Dose-response analyses revealed that a daily 5 mg increment of zinc would lower the risk of colorectal and esophageal cancer, whereas a large dose of zinc supplementation (daily 100 mg) showed no benefit in reducing prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dehong Cao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruyi Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Wei
| | - Liangren Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Liangren Liu
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BXD Recombinant Inbred Mice as a Model to Study Neurotoxicity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121762. [PMID: 34944406 PMCID: PMC8698863 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BXD recombinant inbred (RI) lines represent a genetic reference population derived from a cross between C57BL/6J mice (B6) and DBA/2J mice (D2), which through meiotic recombination events possesses recombinant chromosomes containing B6 or D2 haplotype segments. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) are the locations of segregating genetic polymorphisms and are fundamental to understanding genetic diversity in human disease susceptibility and severity. QTL mapping represents the typical approach for identifying naturally occurring polymorphisms that influence complex phenotypes. In this process, genotypic values at markers of known genomic locations are associated with phenotypic values measured in a segregating population. Indeed, BXD RI strains provide a powerful tool to study neurotoxicity induced by different substances. In this review, we describe the use of BXD RI lines to understand the underlying mechanisms of neurotoxicity in response to ethanol and cocaine, as well as metals and pesticide exposures.
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10
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Cereda G, Ciappolino V, Boscutti A, Cantù F, Enrico P, Oldani L, Delvecchio G, Brambilla P. Zinc as a Neuroprotective Nutrient for COVID-19-Related Neuropsychiatric Manifestations: A Literature Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:66-79. [PMID: 34634109 PMCID: PMC8524565 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the pandemic associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led researchers to find new potential treatments, including nonpharmacological molecules such as zinc (Zn2+). Specifically, the use of Zn2+ as a therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection is based on several findings: 1) the possible role of the anti-inflammatory activity of Zn2+ on the aberrant inflammatory response triggered by COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19), 2) properties of Zn2+ in modulating the competitive balance between the host and the invading pathogens, and 3) the antiviral activity of Zn2+ on a number of pathogens, including coronaviruses. Furthermore, Zn2+ has been found to play a central role in regulating brain functioning and many disorders have been associated with Zn2+ deficiency, including neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, and brain injuries. Within this context, we carried out a narrative review to provide an overview of the evidence relating to the effects of Zn2+ on the immune and nervous systems, and the therapeutic use of such micronutrients in both neurological and infective disorders, with the final goal of elucidating the possible use of Zn2+ as a preventive or therapeutic intervention in COVID-19. Overall, the results from the available evidence showed that, owing to its neuroprotective properties, Zn2+ supplementation could be effective not only on COVID-19-related symptoms but also on virus replication, as well as on COVID-19-related inflammation and neurological damage. However, further clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of Zn2+ as a nonpharmacological treatment of COVID-19 are required to achieve an overall improvement in outcome and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Cereda
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Ciappolino
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Boscutti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Cantù
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Enrico
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucio Oldani
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Since the discovery of manifest Zn deficiency in 1961, the increasing number of studies demonstrated the association between altered Zn status and multiple diseases. In this chapter, we provide a review of the most recent advances on the role of Zn in health and disease (2010-20), with a special focus on the role of Zn in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, diabetes and obesity, male and female reproduction, as well as COVID-19. In parallel with the revealed tight association between ASD risk and severity and Zn status, the particular mechanisms linking Zn2+ and ASD pathogenesis like modulation of synaptic plasticity through ProSAP/Shank scaffold, neurotransmitter metabolism, and gut microbiota, have been elucidated. The increasing body of data indicate the potential involvement of Zn2+ metabolism in neurodegeneration. Systemic Zn levels in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease were found to be reduced, whereas its sequestration in brain may result in modulation of amyloid β and α-synuclein processing with subsequent toxic effects. Zn2+ was shown to possess adipotropic effects through the role of zinc transporters, zinc finger proteins, and Zn-α2-glycoprotein in adipose tissue physiology, underlying its particular role in pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2. Recent findings also contribute to further understanding of the role of Zn2+ in spermatogenesis and sperm functioning, as well as oocyte development and fertilization. Finally, Zn2+ was shown to be the potential adjuvant therapy in management of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19), underlining the perspectives of zinc in management of old and new threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Skalny
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia.
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Qu X, Yang H, Yu Z, Jia B, Qiao H, Zheng Y, Dai K. Serum zinc levels and multiple health outcomes: Implications for zinc-based biomaterials. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:410-422. [PMID: 32258830 PMCID: PMC7114479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc-based biomaterials, including biodegradable metal, nanoparticles, and coatings used in medical implants release zinc ions that may increase the whole-body and serum zinc concentrations. The impact of serum zinc concentrations on major health outcomes can provide insights for device design and clinical transformation of zinc-based biomaterials. METHODS This nationally representative cross-sectional study enrolled participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011-2014) including 3607 participants. Using unadjusted and multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analyses, two-piecewise linear regression model with a smoothing function and threshold level analysis, we evaluated the associations between elevated serum zinc levels and major health outcomes. RESULTS Elevated serum zinc levels were significantly associated with an increase in total spine and total femur bone mineral density (BMD). Every 10 μg/dL increase was associated with a 1.12-fold increase in diabetes mellitus (DM) and 1.23-fold and 1.29-fold increase in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and coronary heart disease (CHD), in participants with serum zinc levels ≥ 100 μg/dL. It had no significant linear or nonlinear associations with risk of fractures, congestive heart failure, heart attack, thyroid disease, arthritis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, dyslipidemia and cancer. CONCLUSION Serum zinc levels are significantly associated with increased BMD in the total spine and total femur, and risk of DM, and CVD/CHD among participants with serum zinc levels ≥100 μg/dL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Qu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Zhifeng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Han Qiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kerong Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
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Nutraceuticals Targeting Generation and Oxidant Activity of Peroxynitrite May Aid Prevention and Control of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103624. [PMID: 32455532 PMCID: PMC7279222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic low-grade inflammatory process in which activated microglia generate cytotoxic factors-most prominently peroxynitrite-which induce the death and dysfunction of neighboring dopaminergic neurons. Dying neurons then release damage-associated molecular pattern proteins such as high mobility group box 1 which act on microglia via a range of receptors to amplify microglial activation. Since peroxynitrite is a key mediator in this process, it is proposed that nutraceutical measures which either suppress microglial production of peroxynitrite, or which promote the scavenging of peroxynitrite-derived oxidants, should have value for the prevention and control of PD. Peroxynitrite production can be quelled by suppressing activation of microglial NADPH oxidase-the source of its precursor superoxide-or by down-regulating the signaling pathways that promote microglial expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Phycocyanobilin of spirulina, ferulic acid, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, good vitamin D status, promotion of hydrogen sulfide production with taurine and N-acetylcysteine, caffeine, epigallocatechin-gallate, butyrogenic dietary fiber, and probiotics may have potential for blunting microglial iNOS induction. Scavenging of peroxynitrite-derived radicals may be amplified with supplemental zinc or inosine. Astaxanthin has potential for protecting the mitochondrial respiratory chain from peroxynitrite and environmental mitochondrial toxins. Healthful programs of nutraceutical supplementation may prove to be useful and feasible in the primary prevention or slow progression of pre-existing PD. Since damage to the mitochondria in dopaminergic neurons by environmental toxins is suspected to play a role in triggering the self-sustaining inflammation that drives PD pathogenesis, there is also reason to suspect that plant-based diets of modest protein content, and possibly a corn-rich diet high in spermidine, might provide protection from PD by boosting protective mitophagy and thereby aiding efficient mitochondrial function. Low-protein diets can also promote a more even response to levodopa therapy.
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Ajsuvakova OP, Tinkov AA, Willkommen D, Skalnaya AA, Danilov AB, Pilipovich AA, Aschner M, Skalny AV, Michalke B, Skalnaya MG. Assessment of copper, iron, zinc and manganese status and speciation in patients with Parkinson's disease: A pilot study. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 59:126423. [PMID: 31733982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.126423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this pilot study was to assess iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) status (hair, serum, and urine) and speciation (serum) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. METHODS A pilot study involving a total of 27 subjects (13 PD patients, 14 controls) was performed. Serum, urine, and hair metal content was assessed using ICP-MS. Speciation analysis of Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn was performed using a hybrid HPLC-ICP-MS system. RESULTS Group comparisons did not reveal any significant group difference in serum Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn total metal level between PD patients and controls. Speciation analysis revealed a significant decrease in Cu/ceruloplasmin copper in association with elevation of low-molecular weight species (amino acids)-bound copper. It is proposed that in PD, binding of Cu(II) ions to ceruloplasmin is reduced and free copper ions coordinate with low molecular weight ligands. The level of Mn-albumin complexes in PD patients was more than 4-fold higher as compared to the respective value in the control group. The observed difference may be considered as a marker of redistribution between high and low molecular weight ligands. CONCLUSIONS Metal speciation is significantly affected in serum of PD-patients. These findings are indicative of the potential role of metal metabolism and PD pathogenesis, although the exact mechanisms of such associations require further detailed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga P Ajsuvakova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St., 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklay St., 10/2, Moscow 117198, Russia; Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Yanvarya St., 29, 460000 Orenburg, Russia.
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St., 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya st., 14, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia; Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Yanvarya St., 29, 460000 Orenburg, Russia
| | - Desiree Willkommen
- RECIPE Chemicals and Instruments GmbH, Sternstraße 5A, 85386 Eching, Munich, Germany
| | - Anastasia A Skalnaya
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey B Danilov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St., 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Pilipovich
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St., 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St., 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklay St., 10/2, Moscow 117198, Russia; Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Yanvarya St., 29, 460000 Orenburg, Russia
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Margarita G Skalnaya
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St., 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklay St., 10/2, Moscow 117198, Russia
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Baesler J, Kopp JF, Pohl G, Aschner M, Haase H, Schwerdtle T, Bornhorst J. Zn homeostasis in genetic models of Parkinson's disease in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 55:44-49. [PMID: 31345364 PMCID: PMC6676891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
While the underlying mechanisms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are still insufficiently studied, a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors is emphasized. Nevertheless, the role of the essential trace element zinc (Zn) in this regard remains controversial. In this study we altered Zn balance within PD models of the versatile model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) in order to examine whether a genetic predisposition in selected genes with relevance for PD affects Zn homeostasis. Protein-bound and labile Zn species act in various areas, such as enzymatic catalysis, protein stabilization pathways and cell signaling. Therefore, total Zn and labile Zn were quantitatively determined in living nematodes as individual biomarkers of Zn uptake and bioavailability with inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) or a multi-well method using the fluorescent probe ZinPyr-1. Young and middle-aged deletion mutants of catp-6 and pdr-1, which are orthologues of mammalian ATP13A2 (PARK9) and parkin (PARK2), showed altered Zn homeostasis following Zn exposure compared to wildtype worms. Furthermore, age-specific differences in Zn uptake were observed in wildtype worms for total as well as labile Zn species. These data emphasize the importance of differentiation between Zn species as meaningful biomarkers of Zn uptake as well as the need for further studies investigating the role of dysregulated Zn homeostasis in the etiology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Baesler
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin, Potsdam, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes F Kopp
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin, Potsdam, Jena, Germany
| | - Gabriele Pohl
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin, Potsdam, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, 10461 Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hajo Haase
- TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin, Potsdam, Jena, Germany; Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Technology, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin, Potsdam, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin, Potsdam, Jena, Germany; Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
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Du K, Liu MY, Pan YZ, Zhong X, Wei MJ. Association of circulating manganese levels with Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Lett 2017; 665:92-98. [PMID: 29191695 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Whether systemic manganese (Mn) dysfunctions in Parkinson's Disease (PD) is still under ongoing debate. The recent reported studies on the circulating Mn levels in PD showed inconsistent results. A meta-analysis study was conducted to evaluate the association of circulating Mn levels with PD, and to clarify whether Mn should be considered as a potential risk factor for PD. A systematic searching was performed based on PubMed, web of science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Finally, 22 studies were identified, involving 637 PD patients and 802 health controls (HC) individuals for serum Mn, 1258 PD patients and 1304 HC individuals for peripheral blood Mn, and 195 PD patients and 196 HC individuals for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Mn. Forest plots were adopted to represent the comparison of the groups by assessing standardized mean difference with random effects model. This meta-analysis revealed a significantly increased serum Mn levels in PD patients (SMD=0.78; 95% CI [0.32, 1.24]; P=0.001), and it was further confirmed when serum, plasma and whole blood studies were analyzed together (SMD=0.58; 95% CI [0.25, 0.91]; P=0.001). Instead, no significant differences of CSF Mn were observed between PD patients and HC individuals (SMD=-0.09; 95% CI [-0.47, 0.29]; P=0.644). These results supported the notion that elevated Mn level should be a potential risk factor for PD, although the high heterogeneity and methodological limitations recommended caution in the interpretations for the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Du
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Ming-Yan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Yan-Zhu Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Min-Jie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
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