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Rosa R, Granja Arakaki D, Melo E, Leite L, Pereira H, Nogueira da Silva KR, Avellaneda Guimarães RDC, Freitas KDC, Hiane PA, Bogo D, Damasceno G, Pereira Ancel MA, da Silva Alves Junior A, Aragão do Nascimento V. Determination of Selected Metals and Metalloids in Different Types of Rice by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04284-4. [PMID: 38997524 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Pantanal is a unique biome located in Brazil, with diverse fauna and flora, being home to native species such as the rice types Oryza latifolia and Oryza rufipogon. Rice is a staple food for two-thirds of the population, with increasing consumption, especially in Asia, regions of Sub-Saharan Africa, countries in the Caribbean, and Latin America. The per capita rice consumption had an average consumption of 160 g/day. However, rice consumption may lead to the intake of other harmful substances to health, such as toxic metals/metalloids. The determination of potential hazards in native species is crucial in maintaining the local population in good health. In this study, we determined the concentration of essential elements and potentially toxic elements in seven different types of Brazilian rice grains, including the two Pantanal native species O. latifolia and O. rufipogon, using ICP-OES to identify their nutritional richness or potential toxicity. The contaminant with the highest HQ levels was chromium, with an HQ above one only in the native species. All species (commercial and native) showed carcinogenic risk considering inorganic arsenic. Rice exhibits duality in its classification, providing nutritional content and leading people to potential risks of overexposure to toxic elements. While rice can be part of a healthy and nutritious diet, more studies should be conducted on avoiding or remedying contamination with toxic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Rosa
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela Granja Arakaki
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Elaine Melo
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
- School of Medicine, State University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UEMS, Campo Grande, 79115-898, Brazil
| | - Luana Leite
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Hugo Pereira
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Kassia Roberta Nogueira da Silva
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Karine de Cássia Freitas
- Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Priscila Aiko Hiane
- Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Danielle Bogo
- Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Damasceno
- Graduate Program On Vegetal Biology, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Marta Aratuza Pereira Ancel
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Ademir da Silva Alves Junior
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Valter Aragão do Nascimento
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil.
- Graduate Program On Health and Development in West Central Region, School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil.
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Bi Y, Gao F, Guo J, Yao X, Wang A, Liu H, Sun Y, Yao R, Li M. An ethnobotanical survey on the medicinal and edible plants used by the Daur people in China. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2024; 20:55. [PMID: 38790060 PMCID: PMC11127305 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-024-00695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Daur people are one of the 55 minority ethnic groups in China and have lived in Northern China for 300 years. In traditional Daur medicine, medicinal and edible plants (MEPs) are utilised for health benefits and therapeutic purposes; however, related ethnobotanical knowledge is rarely reported, which is disadvantageous for the sustainable development of these MEPs. METHODS Semi-structured interviews with 122 informants, six focus group discussions, and a resource survey were conducted in a Daur minority nationality area in Inner Mongolia from 2015 to 2020, and the data statistics were analysed. In this study, we simulated a system dynamics model aimed at understanding the multiple feedback mechanisms involved in the relationships between the cultural influences and socioeconomic factors, sustainable environment, and development of MEPs. RESULTS A total of 52 species of MEPs were identified and relevant ethnobotanical knowledge was assessed using Daur medicinal species data from Inner Mongolia and the Xinjiang region, with the literature and Ewenki ethnic group data used for comparison. The most commonly used medicinal plant species by the Daur were found to be Betula pendula subsp. mandshurica, Artemisia integrifolia, Crataegus pinnatifida, Saposhnikovia divaricata, Artemisia argyi, and Jacobaea cannabifolia. The MEPs most frequently targeted the digestive and rheumatic immunity systems, as well as infectious diseases or parasitic infections and other common diseases and basic health issues. MEP knowledge was primarily limited to older generations; thus, the valuable ethnobotanical knowledge on traditional medicines must be protected from future losses. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide insights for future research aimed at exploiting the rich phytochemical diversity in traditional medicine and promote its use in modern lifestyles. Effective assessment and management of plant resources will lead to their application for the improvement of dietary diversity, nutrition, and health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Bi
- Inner Mongolia Traditional Chinese & Mongolian Medical Research Institute, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Jingxia Guo
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources Protection and Utilization, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014060, China
| | - Xia Yao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Aixiang Wang
- Inner Mongolia Traditional Chinese & Mongolian Medical Research Institute, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Haolin Liu
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Yahong Sun
- Inner Mongolia Traditional Chinese & Mongolian Medical Research Institute, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Ruyu Yao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Minhui Li
- Inner Mongolia Traditional Chinese & Mongolian Medical Research Institute, Hohhot, 010020, China.
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China.
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources Protection and Utilization, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014060, China.
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiankang Road 11, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China.
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3
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Er Caliskan C, Ethmane V, Ciftci H, Ozturk K. Macro- and trace elements in plants from Mauritania and risk assessment. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2023; 16:375-383. [PMID: 37746844 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2023.2253779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the content of elemental levels of eight plants species originating from Mauritania and used as medicinal plant and to assess their risk for human health. The range of elemental content in the studied plant parts of these plant species were 0.51-16.1 mg/g for Ca, 2.63-6.49 mg/g for Mg, 11.2-201 μg/g for Al, 6.5-28.2 μg/g for Zn, 5.6-453 μg/g for Fe, 1.1-6.4 μg/g for Ni, 11.0-302 μg/g for Mn and 0.7-9.0 μg/g for Cu. The Cr, Pb, Cd and Co levels were below the limits of detection in all samples. The estimated weekly intake (EWI) and target hazard quotient (THQ) were calculated. Except for Al the THQ values were below 1, so it could be concluded that these plant species have low probability of causing non-cancer health problems for the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Er Caliskan
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Vatimetou Ethmane
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Harun Ciftci
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Cankiri Karatekin University, Institute of Science, Çankırı, Turkey
| | - Kubra Ozturk
- Department of Project Coordinator, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
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4
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Barbeș L, Bărbulescu A, Dumitriu CŞ. Human Health Risk Assessment to the Consumption of Medicinal Plants with Melliferous Potential from the Romanian South-Eastern Region. TOXICS 2023; 11:520. [PMID: 37368620 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the impact on human health by consuming medicinal herbs with high melliferous potential (HMPs) from botanical areas with different pollution levels. First, the bioaccumulation of the plants' parts has been determined. The study assessed the potential health risks associated with the ingestion of various mineral species (macroelements-K, Ca, Mg, Na; microelements-Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and one trace element Cd) from three types of HMPs (Sambucus nigra (SnL), Hypericum perforatum (Hp), and Tilia tomentosa (Tt)). The average concentrations of these elements were not similar even in the same type of HMPs. Nevertheless, all samples contained detectable levels of the studied elements. The average concentrations of the studied elements were very low (significantly lower than the legal limit set by the WHO). The study's findings indicated that the potential health risks associated with ingesting the elements in HMPs were within acceptable limits for children and adults. The hazard quotient (HQ) for Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Cd and the hazard index (HI) for the minerals from HMPs were significantly lower than the acceptable limit (HQ and HI = 1). Similarly, the carcinogenic risk for chemical substances (Riskccs) were lower than or close to the acceptable limit (1 × 10-4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucica Barbeș
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, "Ovidius" University of Constanța, 124 Mamaia Bd., 900112 Constanta, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biotechnical Systems Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Bărbulescu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Transilvania University of Brașov, 5 Turnului Str., 900152 Brasov, Romania
| | - Cristian Ştefan Dumitriu
- Faculty of Mechanical and Robotic Engineering in Construction, Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest, 124 Lacul Tei Av., 020396 Bucharest, Romania
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5
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Ranjan S, Adams E, Deconinck E. Multidimensional Chromatographic Fingerprinting Combined with Chemometrics for the Identification of Regulated Plants in Suspicious Plant Food Supplements. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083632. [PMID: 37110870 PMCID: PMC10146433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The popularity of plant food supplements has seen explosive growth all over the world, making them susceptible to adulteration and fraud. This necessitates a screening approach for the detection of regulated plants in plant food supplements, which are usually composed of complex plant mixtures, thus making the approach not so straightforward. This paper aims to tackle this problem by developing a multidimensional chromatographic fingerprinting method aided by chemometrics. To render more specificity to the chromatogram, a multidimensional fingerprint (absorbance × wavelength × retention time) was considered. This was achieved by selecting several wavelengths through a correlation analysis. The data were recorded using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with diode array detection (DAD). Chemometric modelling was performed by partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) through (a) binary modelling and (b) multiclass modelling. The correct classification rates (ccr%) by cross-validation, modelling, and external test set validation were satisfactory for both approaches, but upon further comparison, binary models were preferred. As a proof of concept, the models were applied to twelve samples for the detection of four regulated plants. Overall, it was revealed that the combination of multidimensional fingerprinting data with chemometrics was feasible for the identification of regulated plants in complex botanical matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Ranjan
- Section of Medicines and Health Products, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erwin Adams
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Deconinck
- Section of Medicines and Health Products, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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6
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Moghaddam M, Mehdizadeh L. Comments on Letter to editor on "Macro- and microelement content and health risk assessment of heavy metals in various herbs of Iran" by Taghizadeh, Seyedeh Faezeh (ESPR-D-22-16984) (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07789-2). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:51380-51384. [PMID: 36849687 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moghaddam
- Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box, Mashhad, 91775-1163, Iran.
| | - Leila Mehdizadeh
- Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box, Mashhad, 91775-1163, Iran
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7
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Song Y, Li S, Gong H, Yip RCS, Chen H. Biopharmaceutical applications of microbial polysaccharides as materials: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124259. [PMID: 37003381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological characteristics of natural polymers make microbial polysaccharides an excellent choice for biopharmaceuticals. Due to its easy purifying procedure and high production efficiency, it is capable of resolving the existing application issues associated with some plant and animal polysaccharides. Furthermore, microbial polysaccharides are recognized as prospective substitutes for these polysaccharides based on the search for eco-friendly chemicals. In this review, the microstructure and properties of microbial polysaccharides are utilized to highlight their characteristics and potential medical applications. From the standpoint of pathogenic processes, in-depth explanations are provided on the effects of microbial polysaccharides as active ingredients in the treatment of human diseases, anti-aging, and drug delivery. In addition, the scholarly developments and commercial applications of microbial polysaccharides as medical raw materials are also discussed. The conclusion is that understanding the use of microbial polysaccharides in biopharmaceuticals is essential for the future development of pharmacology and therapeutic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yige Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Shuxin Li
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Hao Gong
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Ryan Chak Sang Yip
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, PR China.
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8
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Al-Thani G, Ibrahim AE, Alomairi M, Salman BI, Hegazy MM, Al-Harrasi A, El Deeb S. Toxic Elemental Impurities in Herbal Weight Loss Supplements; A Study Using ICP-OES Microwave-Assisted Digestion. TOXICS 2023; 11:272. [PMID: 36977037 PMCID: PMC10053313 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The tendency of using weight loss herbal preparations is continuously increasing, especially for the widespread consumption of junk food that is characterized by high calories. Weight loss herbal preparations are considered a type of food supplement product, and, as such, the regulations governing their quality control might be minimal. These products could be locally formulated in any country or internationally imported. Being non-controlled products, the herbal weight-loss products may contain high levels of elemental impurities that might exceed the permissible ranges. Moreover, these products contribute to the total daily intake (TDI) of such elements, which might represent concerns about their potential toxicological danger. In this research, the elemental contents in such products were investigated. The inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used to determine the levels of 15 elemental contents, namely, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, As, Co, Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb. The results showed that seven micro-elements, namely Cd, Co, Ni, Cr, Pb, Li and Cu, were either not detectable or at a concentration much lower than their tolerable limits. However, all studied macro-elements (Na, K, Ca and Mg), together with Fe, were found at considerable, yet safe levels. On the other hand, Mn, Al and As contents showed perturbing levels in some of the studied products. Finally, a conclusion was highlighted for the necessity for stricter surveillance of such herbal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanim Al-Thani
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
| | - Adel Ehab Ibrahim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port-Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Alomairi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
| | - Baher I. Salman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M. Hegazy
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
| | - Sami El Deeb
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Taheri A, Cheniany M, Ganjeali A, Arefi-Oskouie A. ICP-OES assessment of trace and toxic elements in Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. from Iran by chemometric approaches. Biometals 2022; 35:1169-1186. [PMID: 36053471 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the concentrations of some essential and toxic elements (including Ca, K, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Co, Mo, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Cd) in Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. (endemic Iranian herb) from 14 different regions by ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry) method followed by multivariate statistical analyses. The analytical performances were assessed as the limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, and accuracy. Multivariate analysis (CA, PCA and HCA) showed the elemental distribution in the roots were higher than the shoots and significant element was Ca between regions. Three principal components (PCs) explained 77.94% of the total variance. They were as follows: PC1 with Cu, Zn, K, Cr, Ni, and Mn; PC2 with Na, Ca, Pb, and Fe; and PC3 with Mg. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated four groups of Z. clinopodioides samples from the 14 regions based on their trace and toxic element levels. These chemometric approaches with multivariate analysis enable researchers to understand and quantify the relationship between the variables in a data set, and the analysis considers more than one factor. The concentrations of Cu, Na, Mn, Zn, and Pb in most Z. clinopodioides samples were below the WHO (world health organization) limit for herbal medicines (10, 51,340, 200, 50, and 10 µg g-1 respectively), while Fe and Ca levels were higher than allowed (15 and 614 µg g-1 respectively). However, the WHO limit for Mg, K, Co, and Mo in medicinal plants has not yet been determined. The results of this study confirmed that different parts of Z. clinopodioides can be used as an important source for human nutrition due to its essential mineral elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Taheri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Monireh Cheniany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Ganjeali
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Arefi-Oskouie
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Daily Dose Standardization Based on Essential and Nonessential Trace Element Presence in Berberis baluchistanica Ahrendt Bark, Leaf, and Root. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6811613. [PMID: 35509711 PMCID: PMC9060997 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6811613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have great importance to the consumer health, as beside beneficial compounds, plants can accumulate essential and nonessential metals from soil and surrounding environments, leading to consumer health risks. Assuming this, the present study is aimed at evaluating the elemental composition and daily dose standardization based on essential and nonessential trace element presence in of bark, leaves, and roots of Berberis baluchistanica Ahrendt, a common medicinal plant used as a folk medicine in the region. Atomic absorption and flame emission spectroscopy were performed to analyze the presence of essential and nonessential elements manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), sodium (Na), and potassium (K). Among the essential elements, K was present at high concentrations in the bark (
), leaves (
), and roots (
) of the plant. The estimated concentration of Na was higher in leaves (
), followed by roots (
) and bark (
). The Fe concentration varied in the range of
in bark,
in leaves, and
in roots. The trace transition element Mn was highest in leaves (
), followed by roots (
) and bark (
). The Cu concentration was low, ranging from
to
in leaves, bark, and roots. The obtained concentration of nonessential element Pb was relatively lower than the permissible range (10 mgL–1) established by the World Health Organization. The elemental concentrations in all parts were within the set limits for provisional tolerable daily maximum intake (PTDMI) and provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), and the hazard quotient index (HQ) was below 1 for all toxic metals. The micro and macroelemental distribution and the overall medicinal potential of any medicinal plant can be correlated for dose risk estimation, which will be useful in providing knowledge regarding the contraindication associated with folk medicines. In the present study, based on the elemental composition, it was calculated that the daily safe dose for Berberis baluchistanica is approximately 2-5 g/day of raw powder for an adult, which must not be exceeded to this safe range.
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Gul Z, Akbar A, Leghari SK. Elucidating Therapeutic and Biological Potential of Berberis baluchistanica Ahrendt Bark, Leaf, and Root Extracts. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:823673. [PMID: 35356526 PMCID: PMC8959664 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.823673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberis baluchistanica Ahrendt is a medicinal plant known to have potential for the treatment of various diseases. In the present study, the ethanolic extracts of the bark, leaves, and roots of B. baluchistanica plant were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial, anti-leishmanial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were determined by agar mix and agar well diffusion method. All extracts showed potential activity against the target bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rhodococcus erythropolis, Salmonella typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus) and fungal strains (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Mucor mucedo). S. aureus proved to be the most sensitive strain for each extract, with a maximum zone of inhibition for bark at 23 ± 0.12 mm, for leaves at 22 ± 0.36 mm, and for root extracts at 20.21 ± 0.06 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration values of B. baluchistanica bark, leaves, and roots for different target bacterial strains ranged from 1.56 to 25 mg ml-1, and the minimum bactericidal concentrations were in the range of 3.12 to 25 mg ml-1, respectively. The root extract possessed potent antifungal activity against A. flavus with 83% of growth inhibition, A. niger with 80%, and M. mucedo with 73%. The bark extract was found active against M. mucedo with 86% of inhibition, followed by 70% against A. flavus and 60% against A. niger. The leaf extract showed a significant response by 83% inhibition against M. mucedo, followed by A. flavus and A. niger with 73 and 72% inhibition, respectively. In an anti-leishmanial bioassay, the inhibitory concentration (IC50) was observed for each extract against Leishmania major. The bark showed good activity (IC50 = 4.95 ± 0.36 mg/ml), followed by the roots (IC50 = 7.07 ± 0.18 mg/ml) and the leaves (IC50 = 8.25 ± 0.29 mg/ml). An evaluation of anticancer activity was done by using MTT cell assay against HeLa cell line. Upon comparing the values of each extract to the standard, it was revealed that the ethanolic bark extract showed the highest anticancer activity with IC50 = (12 ± 0.15 μg/ml), followed by the roots (14 ± 0.15 μg/ml) and the leaves (17 ± 0.21 μg/ml), respectively. The anti-inflammatory assay was undertaken by the inhibition of albumin denaturation activity, proteinase inhibitory activity, and heat-induced hemolysis activity. The IC50 value for protein denaturation of the bark was IC50 = 0.64 ± 0.25 mg/ml, followed by the roots (0.67 ± 0.21 mg/ml) and the leaves (0.73 ± 0.13 mg/ml). The proteinase inhibitory activity of the bark extract was IC50 = 0.55 ± 0.12 mg/ml, followed by the leaves (0.62 ± 0.23 mg/ml) and the roots (0.69 ± 0.15 mg/ml), respectively. For heat-induced hemolysis assay, the bark showed the lowest IC50 value (0.48 ± 0.15 mg/ml) compared to the leaves (0.52 ± 0.35 mg/ml) and the roots (0.58 ± 0.05 mg/ml) of the plant. All analyzed parts of the B. baluchistanica plant showed significant biological activities which make the plant medicinally important and a good candidate for the isolation of antimicrobial, inflammatory, and anticancer compounds. Further studies may lead us to determine the active compounds responsible for the biological activities of the plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zareen Gul
- Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan.,Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Ali Akbar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
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