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Al-Ani SA, Lee QY, Maheswaran D, Sin YM, Loh JS, Foo JB, Hamzah S, Ng JF, Tan LKS. Potential of Exosomes as Multifunctional Nanocarriers for Targeted Drug Delivery. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01268-6. [PMID: 39269575 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are small vesicles that form when multivesicular bodies fuse with the plasma membrane and are released into body fluids. They play a vital role in facilitating communication between cells by transferring different biomolecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids, over both short and long distances. They also function as vital mediators in both states of health and disease, exerting an impact on several physiological processes. Exosomes have been modified to overcome the limitations of natural exosomes to enhance their potential as carriers for drug delivery systems, and these modifications aim to improve the drug delivery efficiency, enhance tissue and organ targeting, and prolong the circulating half-life of exosomes. This review discussed recent advancements in exosome nanotechnology, as well as the progression and use of exosomes for drug delivery. The potential commercialisation and challenges associated with the use of exosome-based drug delivery systems were also discussed, aiming to motivate the development of exosome-based theranostic nanoplatforms and nanotechnology for improved healthcare treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Ali Al-Ani
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Qiao Ying Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Danesha Maheswaran
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuh Miin Sin
- Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Jalan Bedong, 08100, Semeling, Kedah Darulaman, Malaysia
| | - Jian Sheng Loh
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharina Hamzah
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jeck Fei Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Li Kar Stella Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Abd-Elmoniem KZ, Edwan JH, Dietsche KB, Villalobos-Perez A, Shams N, Matta J, Baumgarten L, Qaddumi WN, Dixon SA, Chowdhury A, Stagliano M, Mabundo L, Wentzel A, Hadigan C, Gharib AM, Chung ST. Endothelial Dysfunction in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Clinical Translational Study. Circ Res 2024; 135:639-650. [PMID: 39069898 PMCID: PMC11361354 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth-onset type 2 diabetes (Y-T2D) is associated with increased risk for coronary atherosclerotic disease, but the timing of the earliest pathological features and evidence of cardiac endothelial dysfunction have not been evaluated in this population. Endothelial function magnetic resonance imaging may detect early and direct endothelial dysfunction in the absence of classical risk factors (severe hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia). Using endothelial function magnetic resonance imaging, we evaluated peripheral and coronary artery structure and endothelial function in young adults with Y-T2D diagnosed ≤5 years compared with age-matched healthy peers. We isolated and characterized plasma-derived small extracellular vesicles and evaluated their effects on inflammatory and signaling biomarkers in healthy human coronary artery endothelial cells to validate the imaging findings. METHODS Right coronary wall thickness, coronary artery flow-mediated dilation, and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation were measured at baseline and during isometric handgrip exercise using a 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging. Human coronary artery endothelial cells were treated with Y-T2D plasma-derived small extracellular vesicles. Protein expression was measured by Western blot analysis, oxidative stress was measured using the redox-sensitive probe dihydroethidium, and nitric oxide levels were measured by 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluororescein diacetate. RESULTS Y-T2D (n=20) had higher hemoglobin A1c and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, but similar total and LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol compared with healthy peers (n=16). Y-T2D had greater coronary wall thickness (1.33±0.13 versus 1.22±0.13 mm; P=0.04) and impaired endothelial function: lower coronary artery flow-mediated dilation (-3.1±15.5 versus 15.9±17.3%; P<0.01) and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (6.7±14.7 versus 26.4±15.2%; P=0.001). Y-T2D plasma-derived small extracellular vesicles reduced phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide levels, increased reactive oxygen species production, and elevated ICAM (intercellular adhesion molecule)-mediated inflammatory pathways in human coronary artery endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Coronary and brachial endothelial dysfunction was evident in Y-T2D who were within 5 years of diagnosis and did not have severe hyperglycemia or dyslipidemia. Plasma-derived small extracellular vesicles induced markers of endothelial dysfunction, which corroborated accelerated subclinical coronary atherosclerosis as an early feature in Y-T2D. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02830308 and NCT01399385.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Z. Abd-Elmoniem
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Biomedical Medical and Imaging Branch (K.Z.A., J.E., N.S., J.M., L.B., W.Q., A.M.G.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jehad H. Edwan
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Biomedical Medical and Imaging Branch (K.Z.A., J.E., N.S., J.M., L.B., W.Q., A.M.G.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Katrina B. Dietsche
- Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch (K.B., A.V., S.D., A.C., M.S., L.M., S.T.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alfredo Villalobos-Perez
- Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch (K.B., A.V., S.D., A.C., M.S., L.M., S.T.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nour Shams
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Biomedical Medical and Imaging Branch (K.Z.A., J.E., N.S., J.M., L.B., W.Q., A.M.G.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jatin Matta
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Biomedical Medical and Imaging Branch (K.Z.A., J.E., N.S., J.M., L.B., W.Q., A.M.G.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Leilah Baumgarten
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Biomedical Medical and Imaging Branch (K.Z.A., J.E., N.S., J.M., L.B., W.Q., A.M.G.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Waleed N. Qaddumi
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Biomedical Medical and Imaging Branch (K.Z.A., J.E., N.S., J.M., L.B., W.Q., A.M.G.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sydney A. Dixon
- Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch (K.B., A.V., S.D., A.C., M.S., L.M., S.T.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Aruba Chowdhury
- Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch (K.B., A.V., S.D., A.C., M.S., L.M., S.T.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Michael Stagliano
- Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch (K.B., A.V., S.D., A.C., M.S., L.M., S.T.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lilian Mabundo
- Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch (K.B., A.V., S.D., A.C., M.S., L.M., S.T.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Annemarie Wentzel
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (A.W.), North-West University, Potchefstroom
- South African Medical Research Council, Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease (A.W.), North-West University, Potchefstroom
| | - Colleen Hadigan
- Clinical Center (C.H.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ahmed M. Gharib
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Biomedical Medical and Imaging Branch (K.Z.A., J.E., N.S., J.M., L.B., W.Q., A.M.G.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Stephanie T. Chung
- Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch (K.B., A.V., S.D., A.C., M.S., L.M., S.T.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Chmielewski PP, Data K, Strzelec B, Farzaneh M, Anbiyaiee A, Zaheer U, Uddin S, Sheykhi-Sabzehpoush M, Mozdziak P, Zabel M, Dzięgiel P, Kempisty B. Human Aging and Age-Related Diseases: From Underlying Mechanisms to Pro-Longevity Interventions. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0280. [PMID: 38913049 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
As human life expectancy continues to rise, becoming a pressing global concern, it brings into focus the underlying mechanisms of aging. The increasing lifespan has led to a growing elderly population grappling with age-related diseases (ARDs), which strains healthcare systems and economies worldwide. While human senescence was once regarded as an immutable and inexorable phenomenon, impervious to interventions, the emerging field of geroscience now offers innovative approaches to aging, holding the promise of extending the period of healthspan in humans. Understanding the intricate links between aging and pathologies is essential in addressing the challenges presented by aging populations. A substantial body of evidence indicates shared mechanisms and pathways contributing to the development and progression of various ARDs. Consequently, novel interventions targeting the intrinsic mechanisms of aging have the potential to delay the onset of diverse pathological conditions, thereby extending healthspan. In this narrative review, we discuss the most promising methods and interventions aimed at modulating aging, which harbor the potential to mitigate ARDs in the future. We also outline the complexity of senescence and review recent empirical evidence to identify rational strategies for promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pawel Chmielewski
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Data
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Strzelec
- 2nd Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Medical University Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amir Anbiyaiee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Uzma Zaheer
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, The University of Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Paul Mozdziak
- Graduate Physiology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Division of Anatomy and Histology, The University of Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Center of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Lange M, Babczyk P, Tobiasch E. Exosomes: A New Hope for Angiogenesis-Mediated Bone Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5204. [PMID: 38791243 PMCID: PMC11120942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone is a metabolically dynamic structure that is generally remodeled throughout the lifetime of an individual but often causes problems with increasing age. A key player for bone development and homeostasis, but also under pathological conditions, is the bone vasculature. This complex system of arteries, veins, and capillaries forms distinct structures where each subset of endothelial cells has important functions. Starting with the basic process of angiogenesis and bone-specific blood vessel formation, coupled with initial bone formation, the importance of different vascular structures is highlighted with respect to how these structures are maintained or changed during homeostasis, aging, and pathological conditions. After exemplifying the current knowledge on bone vasculature, this review will move on to exosomes, a novel hotspot of scientific research. Exosomes will be introduced starting from their discovery via current isolation procedures and state-of-the-art characterization to their role in bone vascular development, homeostasis, and bone regeneration and repair while summarizing the underlying signal transduction pathways. With respect to their role in these processes, especially mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles are of interest, which leads to a discussion on patented applications and an update on ongoing clinical trials. Taken together, this review provides an overview of bone vasculature and bone regeneration, with a major focus on how exosomes influence this intricate system, as they might be useful for therapeutic purposes in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lange
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Patrick Babczyk
- Department of Natural Sciences, University Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, D-53559 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Edda Tobiasch
- Department of Natural Sciences, University Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, D-53559 Rheinbach, Germany
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Gebeyehu GM, Rashidiani S, Farkas B, Szabadi A, Brandt B, Pap M, Rauch TA. Unveiling the Role of Exosomes in the Pathophysiology of Sepsis: Insights into Organ Dysfunction and Potential Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4898. [PMID: 38732114 PMCID: PMC11084308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tools for intercellular communication, mediating molecular transport processes. Emerging studies have revealed that EVs are significantly involved in immune processes, including sepsis. Sepsis, a dysregulated immune response to infection, triggers systemic inflammation and multi-organ dysfunction, posing a life-threatening condition. Although extensive research has been conducted on animals, the complex inflammatory mechanisms that cause sepsis-induced organ failure in humans are still not fully understood. Recent studies have focused on secreted exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles from various body cells, and have shed light on their involvement in the pathophysiology of sepsis. During sepsis, exosomes undergo changes in content, concentration, and function, which significantly affect the metabolism of endothelia, cardiovascular functions, and coagulation. Investigating the role of exosome content in the pathogenesis of sepsis shows promise for understanding the molecular basis of human sepsis. This review explores the contributions of activated immune cells and diverse body cells' secreted exosomes to vital organ dysfunction in sepsis, providing insights into potential molecular biomarkers for predicting organ failure in septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizaw Mamo Gebeyehu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (G.M.G.); (S.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Shima Rashidiani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (G.M.G.); (S.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Benjámin Farkas
- Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (G.M.G.); (S.R.); (B.F.)
| | - András Szabadi
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Barbara Brandt
- Hungary Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Marianna Pap
- Hungary Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Tibor A. Rauch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (G.M.G.); (S.R.); (B.F.)
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Yuan Y, Han X, Zhao X, Zhang H, Vinograd A, Bi X, Duan X, Cao Y, Gao Q, Song J, Sheng L, Li Y. Circulating exosome long non-coding RNAs are associated with atrial structural remodeling by increasing systemic inflammation in atrial fibrillation patients. J Transl Int Med 2024; 12:106-118. [PMID: 38525437 PMCID: PMC10956728 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2023-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia with severe clinical sequelae, but its genetic characteristic implicated in pathogenesis has not been completely clarified. Accumulating evidence has indicated that circulating exosomes and their carried cargoes, such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), involve in the progress of multiple cardiovascular diseases. However, their potential role as clinical biomarkers in AF diagnosis and prognosis remains unknown. Methods Herein, we conducted the sequence and bioinformatic analysis of circulating exosomes harvested from AF and sinus rhythm patients. Results A total of 53 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified, and a total of 6 significantly changed lncRNAs (fold change > 2.0), including NR0046235, NR003045, NONHSAT167247.1, NONHSAT202361.1, NONHSAT205820.1 and NONHSAT200958.1, were verified by qRT-PCR in 215 participants. Moreover, these circulating exosome lncRNA levels were different between paroxysmal and persistent AF patients, which were dramatically associated with abnormal hemodynamics and atrial diameter. Furthermore, we observed that the area under ROC curve (AUC) of six lncRNAs combination for diagnosis of persistent AF was 80.34%. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment pathway analysis indicated these exosome lncRNAs mainly concerning response to chemokine-chemokine receptor interaction, which induced activated inflammation and structural remodeling. In addition, increased plasma levels of CXCR3 ligands, including CXCL4, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11, were accumulated in AF patient tissues. Conclusion Our study provides the transcriptome profile revealing pattern of circulating exosome lncRNAs in atrial structural remodeling, which bring valuable insights into improving prognosis and therapeutic targets for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xuejie Han
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xinbo Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Haiyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Asiia Vinograd
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Bashkir State Medical University, UFA, Republic Bashkortostan, Russia
| | - Xin Bi
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoxu Duan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yukai Cao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston77054, USA
| | - Li Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Harbin Medical University, Harbin150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Metabolic Disorder & Cancer Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart Failure, Harbin Medical University, Harbin150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Olejarz W, Sadowski K, Radoszkiewicz K. Extracellular Vesicles in Atherosclerosis: State of the Art. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:388. [PMID: 38203558 PMCID: PMC10779125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by lipid accumulation in the arteries, leading to narrowing and thrombosis that causes mortality. Emerging evidence has confirmed that atherosclerosis affects younger people and is involved in the majority of deaths worldwide. EVs are associated with critical steps in atherosclerosis, cholesterol metabolism, immune response, endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and remodeling. Endothelial cell-derived EVs can interact with platelets and monocytes, thereby influencing endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerotic plaque destabilization, and the formation of thrombus. EVs are potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in atherosclerosis (AS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Importantly, EVs derived from stem/progenitor cells are essential mediators of cardiogenesis and cardioprotection and may be used in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Olejarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Sadowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Radoszkiewicz
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
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Chang W, Lee W, Lin Y, Shih J, Hong C, Chen Z, Chu C, Hsu C. Transpulmonary Expression of Exosomal microRNAs in Idiopathic and Congenital Heart Disease-Related Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e031435. [PMID: 38014665 PMCID: PMC10727351 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease characterized by a complex pathogenesis. Exosomes containing microRNAs (miRs) have emerged as a novel biomarker. Transpulmonary exosomal miRs offer valuable insights into pulmonary circulation microenvironments. Hereby, we aimed to explore the potentials of transpulmonary exosomal miRs as differentiating factors between idiopathic PAH and congenital heart disease (CHD)-related PAH. METHODS AND RESULTS During right heart catheterization, we collected exosomes at pulmonary arteries in 25 patients diagnosed with idiopathic PAH and 20 patients with CHD-related PAH. Next-generation sequencing identified several candidate exosomal miRs. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we validated the expressions of these miRs and revealed significantly elevated expressions of miR-21, miR-139-5p, miR-155-5p, let-7f-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-330-3p, and miR-103a-3p in patients with CHD-related PAH, in contrast to patients with idiopathic PAH. Among these miRs, miR-21 exhibited the highest expression in patients with CHD-related PAH. These findings were further corroborated in an external cohort comprising 10 patients with idiopathic PAH and 8 patients with CHD-related PAH. Using an in vitro flow model simulating the shear stress experienced by pulmonary endothelial cells, we observed a significant upregulation of miR-21. Suppressing miR-21 rescued the shear stress-induced downregulation of the RAS/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway, leading to a mitigation of apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified a pronounced expression of transpulmonary exosomal miR-21, particularly in patients with CHD-related PAH, through next-generation sequencing analysis. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms involving miR-21 in the pathophysiology of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Ting Chang
- School of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver DiseaseNational Sun Yat‐sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
| | - Wei‐Chieh Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
- School of Medicine, College of MedicineNational Sun Yat‐sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Wen Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
| | - Jhih‐Yuan Shih
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
- School of Medicine, College of MedicineNational Sun Yat‐sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Chon‐Seng Hong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
- Department of Health and NutritionChia Nan University of Pharmacy and ScienceTainanTaiwan
| | - Zhih‐Cherng Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
- School of Medicine, College of MedicineNational Sun Yat‐sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Chun‐Yuan Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Hsin Hsu
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Internal MedicineNational Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
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Peng X, Hou L, Wu X, Liu Z, Wang Y, Zeng P, Yang Y, Ma W, Yang P. The plasma exosomes from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome contain epithelial cell-derived proteins involved in ferroptosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1289-1304. [PMID: 37656227 PMCID: PMC10560162 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease represented by exocrine gland epithelial cell lesions. However, the mechanism underlying these lesions remains unclear. This study analyzed the plasma exosomes of pSS patients using proteomics and revealed the presence of 24 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) involved in the primary biological processes and signaling pathways related to ferroptosis. The DEPs enriched in the ferroptosis-related items were represented by downregulated ceruloplasmin (CP) and transferrin (TF). CC analysis of GO enrichment showed that CP and TF were localized at the apical plasma membrane, which is currently found only in epithelial cells. PPI analysis indicated that these exosomal DEPs formed a clustering network containing CP and TF. Among them, C5, C9, Haptoglobin (HP), and SERPING1 interacted directly with CP and TF. Notably, the expression of these proteins significantly decreased in both the pSS and secondary Sjögren's syndrome (sSS) plasma exosomes but not in non-autoimmune sicca syndrome (nSS). In addition, their expression levels were significantly different in the exosomes and plasma. More importantly, the plasma and salivary exosomes of pSS patients contain higher levels of exocrine gland epithelial autoantigens SSA and SSB than those of healthy controls, and epithelial cells with positive labial glands biopsy (LGB) were more susceptible to ferroptosis than those with negative LGB. The results indicated that ferroptosis may be closely related to SS epithelial cell lesions. KEY MESSAGES: • pSS plasma exosomes contain epithelial cell-derived proteins involved in ferroptosis. • Complement C5 and C9 may be new molecules involved in ferroptosis and play a crucial role in pSS epithelial cell pathology. • The serum exosomes from pSS patients, not nSS patients, contain ferroptosis-related proteins. • The changes in the ferroptosis-related protein content in the exosomes can better reflect the state of the epithelial cell lesions than those in the plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Peng
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guizhou Provincial Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550003, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guizhou Provincial Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550003, China
| | - Zhengqi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guizhou Provincial Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550003, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guizhou Provincial Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550003, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guizhou Provincial Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550003, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guizhou Provincial Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550003, China
| | - Wukai Ma
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guizhou Provincial Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550003, China.
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guizhou Provincial Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550003, China.
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10
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Wu C, Mao J, Wang X, Yang R, Wang C, Li C, Zhou X. Advances in treatment strategies based on scavenging reactive oxygen species of nanoparticles for atherosclerosis. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:271. [PMID: 37592345 PMCID: PMC10433664 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of atherosclerosis (AS) is closely linked to changes in the plaque microenvironment, which consists primarily of the cells that form plaque and the associated factors they secrete. The onset of inflammation, lipid deposition, and various pathological changes in cellular metabolism that accompany the plaque microenvironment will promote the development of AS. Numerous studies have shown that oxidative stress is an important condition that promotes AS. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is oxidative stress's most important pathological change. In turn, the effects of ROS on the plaque microenvironment are complex and varied, and these effects are ultimately reflected in the promotion or inhibition of AS. This article reviews the effects of ROS on the microenvironment of atherosclerotic plaques and their impact on disease progression over the past five years and focuses on the progress of treatment strategies based on scavenging ROS of nanoparticles for AS. Finally, we also discuss the prospects and challenges of AS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxi Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Vascular Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Street, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Jingying Mao
- Department of Thyroid and Vascular Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Street, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, people's Hospital of Deyang, Deyang, Sichuan, 618000, China
| | - Ronghao Yang
- Department of Thyroid and Vascular Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Street, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 1-1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 1-1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- Department of Thyroid and Vascular Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping Street, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
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11
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Si Q, Wu L, Pang D, Jiang P. Exosomes in brain diseases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e287. [PMID: 37313330 PMCID: PMC10258444 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters of about 100 nm that are naturally secreted by cells into body fluids. They are derived from endosomes and are wrapped in lipid membranes. Exosomes are involved in intracellular metabolism and intercellular communication. They contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites from the cell microenvironment and cytoplasm. The contents of exosomes can reflect their cells' origin and allow the observation of tissue changes and cell states under disease conditions. Naturally derived exosomes have specific biomolecules that act as the "fingerprint" of the parent cells, and the contents changed under pathological conditions can be used as biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Exosomes have low immunogenicity, are small in size, and can cross the blood-brain barrier. These characteristics make exosomes unique as engineering carriers. They can incorporate therapeutic drugs and achieve targeted drug delivery. Exosomes as carriers for targeted disease therapy are still in their infancy, but exosome engineering provides a new perspective for cell-free disease therapy. This review discussed exosomes and their relationship with the occurrence and treatment of some neuropsychiatric diseases. In addition, future applications of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders were evaluated in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Si
- Department of EndocrinologyTengzhou Central People's HospitalTengzhouChina
| | - Linlin Wu
- Department of OncologyTengzhou Central People's HospitalTengzhouChina
| | - Deshui Pang
- Department of EndocrinologyTengzhou Central People's HospitalTengzhouChina
| | - Pei Jiang
- Translational Pharmaceutical LaboratoryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningChina
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningChina
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12
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El-Maradny YA, Rubio-Casillas A, Uversky VN, Redwan EM. Intrinsic factors behind long-COVID: I. Prevalence of the extracellular vesicles. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:656-673. [PMID: 37126363 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
It can be argued that the severity of COVID-19 has decreased in many countries. This could be a result of the broad coverage of the population by vaccination campaigns, which often reached an almost compulsory status in many places. Furthermore, significant roles were played by the multiple mutations in the body of the virus, which led to the emergence of several new SARS-CoV-2 variants with enhanced infectivity but dramatically reduced pathogenicity. However, the challenges associated with the development of various side effects and their persistence for long periods exceeding 20 months as a result of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, or taking available vaccines against it, are spreading horizontally and vertically in number and repercussions. For example, the World Health Organization announced that there are more than 17 million registered cases of long-COVID (also known as post-COVID syndrome) in the European Union countries alone. Furthermore, by using the PubMed search engine, one can find that more than 10 000 articles have been published focusing exclusively on long-COVID. In light of these enormous and ever-increasing numbers of cases and published articles, most of which are descriptive of the various long-COVID symptoms, the need to know the reasons behind this phenomenon raises several important questions. Is long-COVID caused by the continued presence of the virus or one/several of its components in the recovering individual body for long periods of time, which urges the body to respond in a way that leads to long-COVID development? Or are there some latent and limited reasons related to the recovering patients themselves? Or is it a sum of both? Many observations support a positive answer to the first question, whereas others back the second question but typically without releasing a fundamental reason/signal behind it. Whatever the answer is, it seems that the real reasons behind this widespread phenomenon remain unclear. This report opens a series of articles, in which we will try to shed light on the underlying causes that could be behind the long-COVID phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra A El-Maradny
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Alberto Rubio-Casillas
- Biology Laboratory, Autlán Regional Preparatory School, University of Guadalajara, Autlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Contreras S, Escalona R, Cantin C, Valdivia P, Zapata D, Carvajal L, Brito R, Cerda Á, Illanes S, Gutiérrez J, Leiva A. Small extracellular vesicles from pregnant women with maternal supraphysiological hypercholesterolemia impair endothelial cell function in vitro. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 150:107174. [PMID: 37105374 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Maternal physiological hypercholesterolemia (MPH, maternal total cholesterol (TC) levels at term of pregnancy ≤280 mg/dl) occurs to assure fetal development. Maternal supraphysiological hypercholesterolemia (MSPH, TC levels >280 mg/dl) is a pathological condition associated with maternal, placental, and fetal endothelial dysfunction and early neonatal atherosclerosis development. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are delivered to the extracellular space by different cells, where they modulate cell functions by transporting active signaling molecules, including proteins and miRNA. AIM To determine whether sEVs from MSPH women could alter the function of endothelial cells (angiogenesis, endothelial activation and nitric oxide synthesis capacity). METHODS This study included 24 Chilean women (12 MPH and 12 MSPH). sEVs were isolated from maternal plasma and characterized by sEV markers (CD9, Alix and HSP70), nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and protein and cholesterol content. The endothelial cell line HMEC-1 was used to determine the uptake of labeled sEVs and the effects of sEVs on cell viability, endothelial tube formation, endothelial cell activation, and endothelial nitric oxide expression and function. RESULTS In MSPH women, the plasma concentration of sEVs was increased compared to that in MPH women. MSPH-sEVs were highly taken up by HMEC-1 cells and reduced angiogenic capacity and the expression and activity of eNOS without changing cell viability or endothelial activation. CONCLUSION sEVs from MSPH women impair angiogenesis and nitric oxide synthesis in endothelial cells, which could contribute to MSPH-associated endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Contreras
- Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Escalona
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudette Cantin
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pascuala Valdivia
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Zapata
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Carvajal
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Brito
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, CEMT-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Álvaro Cerda
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, CEMT-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | - Jaime Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.
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Research progress on the role of exosomes in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome-related atherosclerosis. Sleep Med Rev 2022; 66:101696. [PMID: 36174425 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis, a multifactorial disease with complicated pathogenesis, is the main cause of CVD, underlying several major adverse cardiovascular events. Obesity is the main cause of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and a significant risk for atherosclerosis. OSA is an independent risk factor for CVD. Recent research has focused on understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms by which OSA influences atherosclerosis pathogenesis. The role of exosomes in this process has attracted considerable attention. Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles (EV) that are released from many cells (both healthy and diseased) and mediate cell-to-cell communication by transporting microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins, mRNAs, DNA, or lipids to target cells, thereby modulating the functions of target cells and tissues. Intermittent hypoxia in OSA alters the exosomal carrier in circulation and promotes the permeability and dysfunction of endothelial cells, which have been associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This review discusses the potential roles of exosomes and exosome-derived molecules in the development and progression of OSA-related atherosclerosis. Additionally, we explore the possible mechanisms underlying OSA-related atherosclerosis and provide new insights for the development of novel exosome-based therapeutics for OSA-related atherosclerosis and CVD.
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15
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Molecular Docking and Intracellular Translocation of Extracellular Vesicles for Efficient Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112971. [PMID: 36361760 PMCID: PMC9659046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, mediate intercellular communication by delivering their contents, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, to distant target cells. EVs play a role in the progression of several diseases. In particular, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) levels in exosomes are associated with cancer progression. Furthermore, exosomes are being used for new drug-delivery systems by modifying their membrane peptides to promote their intracellular transduction via micropinocytosis. In this review, we aim to show that an efficient drug-delivery system and a useful therapeutic strategy can be established by controlling the molecular docking and intracellular translocation of exosomes. We summarise the mechanisms of molecular docking of exosomes, the biological effects of exosomes transmitted into target cells, and the current state of exosomes as drug delivery systems.
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16
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Yan F, Cui W, Chen Z. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosome-Loaded microRNA-129-5p Inhibits TRAF3 Expression to Alleviate Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:631-645. [PMID: 35546649 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) represents a main global healthy and economic burden with unacceptably high morbidity and mortality rates. In the current study, we evaluated the potential effect of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced damages to HL-1 cells and HF mice and searched for the possible mechanism. MSC-Exos ameliorated oxidative stress and reduced apoptosis in OGD-treated HL-1 cells. By microarray analysis, we found that MSC-Exos treatment significantly increased the microRNA (miR)-129-5p expression in HL-1 cells. miR-129-5p inhibitor attenuated the protective effect of MSC-Exos on OGD-treated HL-1 cells. miR-129-5p targeted tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), and TRAF3 loss reversed the effect of miR-129-5p inhibitor by blunting the NF-κB signaling. MSC-Exos injection alleviated ventricular dysfunction and suppressed oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in cardiomyocytes in mice with HF by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway through miR-129-5p/TRAF3. Our findings suggest that exosomal miR-129-5p from MSCs protects the heart from failure by targeting TRAF3 and the following NF-κB signaling. This regulatory axis may be a possible therapeutic target for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yan
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ziying Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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Amini P, Amrovani M, Nassaj ZS, Ajorlou P, Pezeshgi A, Ghahrodizadehabyaneh B. Hypertension: Potential Player in Cardiovascular Disease Incidence in Preeclampsia. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:391-403. [PMID: 35347585 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09734-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the complications, that threatens pregnant mothers during pregnancy. According to studies, it accounts for 3-7% of all pregnancies, and also is effective in preterm delivery. PE is the third leading cause of death in pregnant women. High blood pressure in PE can increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in cited individuals, and is one of the leading causes of death in PE individuals. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), Renin-Angiotensin system and nitric oxide (NO) are some of involved factors in regulating blood pressure. Therefore, by identifying the signaling pathways, that are used by these molecules to regulate and modulate blood pressure, appropriate treatment strategies can be provided to reduce blood pressure through target therapy in PE individuals; consequently, it can reduce CVD risk and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parya Amini
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehran Amrovani
- High Institute for Education and Research in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohre Saleh Nassaj
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Parisa Ajorlou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Aiyoub Pezeshgi
- Internal Medicine Department, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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Exosomes Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate the Progression of Atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- Mice via FENDRR. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:528-544. [PMID: 35344140 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09736-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes (EXO) are extracellular vesicles with lipid bilayer membrane structure containing noncoding RNA, DNA, and other molecules which mediate biological functions. The importance of EXO derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been underlined in cardiovascular diseases. However, the functional role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) released by MSCs-EXO on atherosclerosis (AS) was unknown. We aimed to investigate the effects of lncRNA fetal-lethal non-coding developmental regulatory RNA (FENDRR) released from MSC-derived EXO on AS. The accumulation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) caused AS in mice and damage to human vascular endothelial cells (HUV-EC-C). MSC-EXO restored HUV-EC-C activity and alleviated arterial injury. LncRNA microarrays revealed that FENDRR was delivered to cells and tissues by MSC-EXO. FENDRR bound to microRNA (miR)-28 to regulate TEA domain transcription factor 1 (TEAD1) expression. Moreover, FENDRR knockdown exacerbated cell injury and arterial injury in mice. miR-28 inhibitor reversed the effects of FENDRR silencing and reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation. While loss of TEAD1 mitigated the effect of miR-28 inhibitor and accentuated HUV-EC-C injury in vitro and AS symptoms in vivo. Our results demonstrated that MSC-EXO secreted FENDRR to treat AS. FENDRR competed with TEAD1 to bind to miR-28, thereby reducing HUV-EC-C injury and atherosclerotic plaque formation.
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Endothelial MicroRNA-483-3p Is Hypertension-Protective. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3698219. [PMID: 35222797 PMCID: PMC8872655 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3698219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a high-risk factor for developing coronary heart disease and stroke. Endothelial dysfunction and arterial remodeling can lead to increased vascular wall thickness and arterial stiffness. Previous studies showed that microRNA-483 (miR-483) enhances endothelial cell (EC) function. Here, we investigated the protective role of miR-483 in hypertension. Data collected from two patient cohorts showed that the serum miR-483-3p level was associated with the progression of hypertension and positively correlated with vascular function. In cultured ECs, miR-483 targets a number of endothelial dysfunction-related genes, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1), and endothelin-1 (ET-1). Overexpression of miR-483-3p in ECs inhibited Ang II-induced endothelial dysfunction, revealed by the decreased expression of TGF-β, CTGF, ACE1, and ET-1. Furthermore, miR-483-3p secreted from ECs was taken up by smooth muscle cells (SMCs) via the exosome pathway, which also decreased these genes in SMCs. Additionally, telmisartan could increase the aortic and serum levels of miR-483-3p in hypertension patients and spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR). These findings suggest that miR-483-3p exerts a protective effect on EC function during the onset of hypertension and thus may be considered a potential therapeutic target for hypertension-related cardiovascular diseases.
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