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Ahn Y, Jeong J, Choi KH, Lee DK, Lee M, Lee NY, Kim DY, Lee CK. Development of Reproducible and Scalable Culture Conditions for In Vitro Maintenance of Pig Embryonic Stem Cells Using the Sandoz Inbred Swiss Mouse Thioguanine-Resistant Ouabain-Resistant Cell Line as a Feeder Layer. Stem Cells Dev 2023; 32:747-757. [PMID: 37756363 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2023.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeder cells play a crucial role in maintaining the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) by secreting various extrinsic regulators, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and growth factors. Although primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) are the most widely used feeder cell type for the culture of ESCs, they have inevitable disadvantages such as batch-to-batch variation and labor-intensive isolation processes. Here, we revealed that the Sandoz inbred Swiss Mouse (SIM) thioguanine-resistant ouabain-resistant (STO) cell line, an immortalized cell line established from mouse SIM embryonic fibroblasts, can be used as a feeder layer for in vitro culture of authentic pig ESCs instead of primary MEFs. First, the expression of genes encoding ECM proteins and growth factors was analyzed to compare their secretory functions as feeder cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed that the gene expression of these pluripotency-associated factors was downregulated in STO cells compared to primary MEFs of similar density. Therefore, subsequent optimization of the culture conditions was attempted using higher STO cell densities. Notably, pig ESCs cultured on STO cell density of 3 × (187,500 cells/cm2) exhibited the most similar pluripotent state to pig ESCs cultured on primary MEF density of 1 × (62,500 cells/cm2), as determined by alkaline phosphatase staining, qPCR, and immunocytochemistry. In addition, pig ESCs cultured on STO cell density of 3 × formed complex teratoma containing multiple types of tissues derived from all three germ layers. Our culture conditions using optimal STO cell density can be applied to fields requiring reproducible and scalable production of pig ESCs, such as preclinical research and cellular agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelim Ahn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinsol Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Hwan Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research and Development Center, Space F Corporation, Hwasung, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kyung Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research and Development Center, Space F Corporation, Hwasung, South Korea
| | - Mingyun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Na-Young Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
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Oh D, Choi H, Kim M, Cai L, Lee J, Jawad A, Kim S, Zheng H, Lee G, Jeon Y, Hyun SH. Interleukin-7 enhances in vitro development and blastocyst quality in porcine parthenogenetic embryos. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1052856. [PMID: 36570506 PMCID: PMC9772438 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1052856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7), a vital factor that affects cell development, proliferation, and survival, plays an important role in oocyte maturation. However, its role in embryonic development remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of IL-7 supplementation on in vitro culture (IVC) of porcine embryos after parthenogenetic activation (PA) based on characteristics such as cleavage, blastocyst formation rate, intracellular glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cleaved embryos, total cell number, apoptosis rate, and cell lineage specification in blastocysts. Immunofluorescence revealed that IL-7 and its receptor, IL-7Rα (IL-7R) localized in the cytoplasm of porcine parthenote embryos. By supplementing the IVC medium (PZM5) with various concentrations of IL-7, an optimal concentration that enhanced embryonic development, promoted intracellular GSH, and decreased ROS levels in the cleavage stage during porcine embryo IVC was determined. Investigation of mRNA expression patterns via qRT-PCR suggested that IL-7 possibly regulated maternal mRNA clearance and zygotic genome activation. Furthermore, IL-7 supplementation reduced blastocyst apoptosis, enhanced the expression of the inner cell mass marker SOX2, and phosphorylated STAT5 levels in the blastocysts. Moreover, it altered the transcription patterns of genes that regulate apoptosis, IL-7 signaling, and development. Thus, we demonstrated the localization of IL-7 and IL-7R in porcine preimplantation embryos in vitro for the first time. Furthermore, we suggest that IL-7 supplementation can be employed to enhance embryonic development and blastocyst quality based on the activation of the transcripts of genes that are involved in developmental competence and IL-7 signaling during in vitro porcine embryo development following PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjin Oh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea,Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyerin Choi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea,Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Mirae Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea,Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Lian Cai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea,Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea,Graduate School of Veterinary Biosecurity and Protection, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Joohyeong Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea,Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Ali Jawad
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea,Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sohee Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea,Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Haomiao Zheng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea,Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Gabsang Lee
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, ML, United States
| | - Yubyeol Jeon
- Laboratory of Theriogenology and Reproductive Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea,*Correspondence: Yubyeol Jeon
| | - Sang-Hwan Hyun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea,Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea,Graduate School of Veterinary Biosecurity and Protection, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea,Sang-Hwan Hyun
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Species-Specific Enhancer Activity of OCT4 in Porcine Pluripotency: The Porcine OCT4 Reporter System Could Monitor Pluripotency in Porcine Embryo Development and Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:6337532. [PMID: 35846983 PMCID: PMC9277468 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6337532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the activity and function of the pig OCT4 enhancer in the porcine early embryonic development stage and porcine authentic embryonic stem cells. OCT4 is known as a pluripotent regulator, and its upstream regulatory region-based dual-fluorescence protein reporter system controlled by distal and proximal enhancers is broadly used in studies examining the states and mechanism of pluripotency. We analyzed how this reporter system functions during early embryo development and in stem cells using a previously established porcine-specific reporter system. We demonstrated that the porcine OCT4 distal enhancer and proximal enhancer were activated with different expression patterns simultaneously as the expression of pluripotent marker genes changed during the development of in vitro pathenotes and the establishment of porcine embryonic stem cells (ESCs). This work demonstrates the applicability of the porcine OCT4 upstream region-derived dual-fluorescence reporter system, which may be applied to investigations of species-specific pluripotency in porcine-origin cells. These reporter systems may be useful tools for studies of porcine-specific pluripotency, early embryo development, and embryonic stem cells.
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Porcine OCT4 reporter system as a tool for monitoring pluripotency states. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.12750/jarb.36.4.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Li X, Zou C, Li M, Fang C, Li K, Liu Z, Li C. Transcriptome Analysis of In Vitro Fertilization and Parthenogenesis Activation during Early Embryonic Development in Pigs. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101461. [PMID: 34680856 PMCID: PMC8535918 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parthenogenesis activation (PA), as an important artificial breeding method, can stably preserve the dominant genotype of a species. However, the delayed development of PA embryos is still overly severe and largely leads to pre-implantation failure in pigs. The mechanisms underlying the deficiencies of PA embryos have not been completely understood. For further understanding of the molecular mechanism behind PA embryo failure, we performed transcriptome analysis among pig oocytes (meiosis II, MII) and early embryos at three developmental stages (zygote, morula, and blastocyst) in vitro fertilization (IVF) and PA group. Totally, 11,110 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 4694 differentially expressed lincRNAs (DELs) were identified, and most DEGs enriched the regulation of apoptotic processes. Through cis- and trans-manner functional prediction, we found that hub lincRNAs were mostly involved in abnormal parthenogenesis embryonic development. In addition, twenty DE imprinted genes showed that some paternally imprinted genes in IVF displayed higher expression than that in PA. Notably, we identified that three DELs of imprinted genes (MEST, PLAGL1, and DIRAS3) were up regulated in IVF, and there was no significant change in PA group. Disordered expression of key genes for embryonic development might play key roles in abnormal parthenogenesis embryonic development. Our study indicates that embryos derived from different production techniques have varied in vitro development to the blastocyst stage, and they also affect the transcription level of corresponding genes, such as imprinted genes. This work will help future research on these genes and molecular-assisted breeding for pig parthenotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (M.L.); (C.F.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cheng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (M.L.); (C.F.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengxun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (M.L.); (C.F.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chengchi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (M.L.); (C.F.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kui Li
- Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Changchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (M.L.); (C.F.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (C.L.)
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Lee M, Choi K, Oh J, Kim S, Lee D, Choe GC, Jeong J, Lee C. SOX2 plays a crucial role in cell proliferation and lineage segregation during porcine pre-implantation embryo development. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13097. [PMID: 34250657 PMCID: PMC8349655 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gene regulation in early embryos has been widely studied for a long time because lineage segregation gives rise to the formation of a pluripotent cell population, known as the inner cell mass (ICM), during pre-implantation embryo development. The extraordinarily longer pre-implantation embryo development in pigs leads to the distinct features of the pluripotency network compared with mice and humans. For these reasons, a comparative study using pre-implantation pig embryos would provide new insights into the mammalian pluripotency network and help to understand differences in the roles and networks of genes in pre-implantation embryos between species. MATERIALS AND METHODS To analyse the functions of SOX2 in lineage segregation and cell proliferation, loss- and gain-of-function studies were conducted in pig embryos using an overexpression vector and the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Then, we analysed the morphological features and examined the effect on the expression of downstream genes through immunocytochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Our results showed that among the core pluripotent factors, only SOX2 was specifically expressed in the ICM. In SOX2-disrupted blastocysts, the expression of the ICM-related genes, but not OCT4, was suppressed, and the total cell number was also decreased. Likewise, according to real-time PCR analysis, pluripotency-related genes, excluding OCT4, and proliferation-related genes were decreased in SOX2-targeted blastocysts. In SOX2-overexpressing embryos, the total blastocyst cell number was greatly increased but the ICM/TE ratio decreased. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results demonstrated that SOX2 is essential for ICM formation and cell proliferation in porcine early-stage embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyun Lee
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyAnimal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guKorea
| | - Kwang‐Hwan Choi
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyAnimal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guKorea
- Research and Development CenterSpace F corporationHwasungKorea
| | - Jong‐Nam Oh
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyAnimal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guKorea
| | - Seung‐Hun Kim
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyAnimal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guKorea
| | - Dong‐Kyung Lee
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyAnimal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guKorea
- Research and Development CenterSpace F corporationHwasungKorea
| | - Gyung Cheol Choe
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyAnimal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guKorea
| | - Jinsol Jeong
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyAnimal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guKorea
| | - Chang‐Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyAnimal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guKorea
- Institute of Green Bio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
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Chakritbudsabong W, Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan S, Sariya L, Pamonsupornvichit S, Ferreira JN, Sukho P, Gronsang D, Tharasanit T, Dinnyes A, Rungarunlert S. Exogenous LIN28 Is Required for the Maintenance of Self-Renewal and Pluripotency in Presumptive Porcine-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:709286. [PMID: 34354993 PMCID: PMC8329718 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.709286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine species have been used in preclinical transplantation models for assessing the efficiency and safety of transplants before their application in human trials. Porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) are traditionally established using four transcription factors (4TF): OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and C-MYC. However, the inefficiencies in the reprogramming of piPSCs and the maintenance of their self-renewal and pluripotency remain challenges to be resolved. LIN28 was demonstrated to play a vital role in the induction of pluripotency in humans. To investigate whether this factor is similarly required by piPSCs, the effects of adding LIN28 to the 4TF induction method (5F approach) on the efficiency of piPSC reprogramming and maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency were examined. Using a retroviral vector, porcine fetal fibroblasts were transfected with human OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and C-MYC with or without LIN28. The colony morphology and chromosomal stability of these piPSC lines were examined and their pluripotency properties were characterized by investigating both their expression of pluripotency-associated genes and proteins and in vitro and in vivo differentiation capabilities. Alkaline phosphatase assay revealed the reprogramming efficiencies to be 0.33 and 0.17% for the 4TF and 5TF approaches, respectively, but the maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency until passage 40 was 6.67 and 100%, respectively. Most of the 4TF-piPSC colonies were flat in shape, showed weak positivity for alkaline phosphatase, and expressed a significantly high level of SSEA-4 protein, except for one cell line (VSMUi001-A) whose properties were similar to those of the 5TF-piPSCs; that is, tightly packed and dome-like in shape, markedly positive for alkaline phosphatase, and expressing endogenous pluripotency genes (pOCT4, pSOX2, pNANOG, and pLIN28), significantly high levels of pluripotent proteins (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, LIN28, and SSEA-1), and a significantly low level of SSEA-4 protein. VSMUi001-A and all 5F-piPSC lines formed embryoid bodies, underwent spontaneous cardiogenic differentiation with cardiac beating, expressed cardiomyocyte markers, and developed teratomas. In conclusion, in addition to the 4TF, LIN28 is required for the effective induction of piPSCs and the maintenance of their long-term self-renewal and pluripotency toward the development of all germ layers. These piPSCs have the potential applicability for veterinary science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warunya Chakritbudsabong
- Laboratory of Cellular Biomedicine and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Somjit Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals (MOZWE), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Ladawan Sariya
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals (MOZWE), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sirikron Pamonsupornvichit
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals (MOZWE), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Joao N Ferreira
- Exocrine Gland Biology and Regeneration Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panithi Sukho
- Laboratory of Cellular Biomedicine and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Dulyatad Gronsang
- Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Theerawat Tharasanit
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Andras Dinnyes
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary.,College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sasitorn Rungarunlert
- Laboratory of Cellular Biomedicine and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Kim SH, Choi KH, Lee M, Lee DK, Lee CK. Porcine OCT4 Reporter System Can Monitor Species-Specific Pluripotency During Somatic Cell Reprogramming. Cell Reprogram 2021; 23:168-179. [PMID: 34037424 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2021.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the activity and function of pig OCT4 enhancer in porcine reprogramming cells. Dual fluorescent protein reporter systems controlled by the upstream regulatory region of OCT4, which is one of the master regulators for pluripotency, are widely used in studies of the mechanism of pluripotency. We analyzed how this reporter system functions in fibroblast growth factor (FGF)- or leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)-dependent reprogrammed porcine pluripotent stem cells using the previously established porcine-specific reporter system. Porcine embryonic fibroblasts were coinfected with the pOCT4-ΔPE-eGFP (distal enhancer [DE]-green fluorescent protein [GFP]) and pOCT4-ΔDE-DsRed2 (proximal enhancer [PE]-red fluorescent protein [RFP]) vectors, and GFP and RFP expression were verified during a DOX-dependent reprogramming process. We demonstrated that the porcine OCT4 DE and PE were activated in different expression patterns simultaneously as changes in the expression of pluripotent marker genes during the establishment of porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Porcine OCT4 upstream region-derived dual fluorescent protein reporter systems confirmed that porcine iPSCs are in primed state after reprogramming in FGF2- or LIF-containing media. This work demonstrates the applicability of porcine OCT4 upstream region-derived dual fluorescence reporter system, which may be applied to investigations of species-specific pluripotency in porcine-origin cells. These reporter systems may be useful tools for studies of porcine-specific pluripotency, early embryo development, and embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hwan Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mingyun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Kyung Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Designed Animal & Transplantation Research Institute, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do, Korea
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Xiang J, Xing Y, Long C, Hou D, Liu F, Zhang Y, Lu Z, Wang J, Zuo Y, Li X. Fatty acid metabolism as an indicator for the maternal-to-zygotic transition in porcine IVF embryos revealed by RNA sequencing. Theriogenology 2020; 151:128-136. [PMID: 32334121 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A number of fatty acids have been found in porcine oocytes and early embryos. Recent studies have indicated the importance of fatty acids in the development of pre-implantation porcine embryos, whether derived from in vivo or somatic cell nuclear transfer. However, the effects of fatty acids on porcine embryos produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) remain poorly defined. This study aimed to investigate the patterns of gene expression and functions of fatty acids in pre-implantation IVF porcine embryos at different stages using transcriptome sequencing. We found that, in IVF porcine embryos, genes related to fatty acid metabolism were positively expressed during early embryonic development. Additionally, the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism changed dramatically during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT), and the genes associated with lipid metabolism were correlated with zygotic genome activation in porcine IVF embryos, suggesting that fatty acid metabolism plays an important role in MZT. In summary, fatty acid metabolism may be an indicator of MZT in porcine IVF embryos, which presents new considerations for exploring the regulatory mechanisms of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Ying Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Chunshen Long
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Dongxia Hou
- Genetic Eugenics Department, Inner Mongolia Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Yongchun Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China.
| | - Xueling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China.
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10
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Li Y, Wu S, Yu Y, Zhang H, Wei R, Lv J, Cai M, Yang X, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Derivation of porcine extraembryonic endoderm-like cells from blastocysts. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12782. [PMID: 32196806 PMCID: PMC7162807 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) cells are isolated from primitive endoderm (PrE) of blastocysts. Just like PrE, XEN cells have the ability to differentiate into parietal endoderm (PE) and visceral endoderm (VE), and therefore, they are useful tools for studying mechanisms of PrE cells development and differentiation. Pig is an ideal model for studying human cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and a potential organ source for allotransplantation, while no XEN cell has been obtained from porcine embryos. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a serum-free culture system, we directly derived porcine extraembryonic endoderm-like cells (pXEN-like cells) from day 6-7 blastocysts, which could maintain self-renewal for at least 30 passages. RESULTS The pXEN-like cells resembled mouse XEN cells with large and flat clone morphology and expressed XEN marker genes but not pluripotent genes. Upon in vitro induction, the cells could differentiate into VE and PE. FGF/MEK signalling was not only essential for the maintenance of pXEN-like cells, but also the induction of pXEN-like cells from porcine embryonic stem (pES) cells. CONCLUSIONS We directly obtained cell lines with XEN characteristics from porcine embryos for the first time. The cells will be helpful tools for studying embryonic development and cell differentiation, which also represent promising cell sources for human regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Shuang Wu
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yang Yu
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Heng Zhang
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Renyue Wei
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Jiawei Lv
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Mingming Cai
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xu Yang
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
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11
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Li Y, Wu S, Li X, Guo S, Cai Z, Yin Z, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Wnt signaling associated small molecules improve the viability of pPSCs in a PI3K/Akt pathway dependent way. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5811-5822. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin China
| | - Xuechun Li
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin China
| | - Shimeng Guo
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin China
| | - Zhuang Cai
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin China
| | - Zhi Yin
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin China
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12
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Fang Y, Guo J, Wu S, Li X, Zhao J, Li Y, Guo S, Mu Y, Kong Q, Liu Z. Cellular reprogramming by single-cell fusion with mouse embryonic stem cells in pig. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3558-3568. [PMID: 31595493 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fusion of differentiated somatic cells with pluripotent stem cells can be used for cellular reprogramming, but the efficiency to obtain hybrid cells is extremely low. Here, we explored a novel cell fusion system, termed single-cell fusion, the efficiency was significantly improved verified by fusion of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), comparing to traditional polyethylene glycol fusion. Then, we employed the optimized system to perform cell fusion of porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs) and porcine pluripotent stem cells (pPSCs) with mESCs. The hybrid cells showed both red and green fluorescence and expressed species-specific genes of mouse and pig to evidence that the fusion was successful. The hybrid cells displayed characteristics similar with mESCs, including colony morphology, alkaline phosphatase positive and formation of embryoid body, and the expressions of core pluripotent factors OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 of the pig were induced in the mESC/PEF hybrid cells. The results indicate PEFs and pPSCs could be reprogrammed by mESCs via the single-cell fusion. Taking advantage of the hybrid cells to investigate the signaling pathways depended on the pluripotency of pig, we suggest the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathways may play important roles. In summary, the single-cell fusion is highly efficient, and we believe in the future it will be widely used in the application and fundamental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuechun Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianchao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shimeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanshuang Mu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qingran Kong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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13
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Choi KH, Lee DK, Kim SW, Woo SH, Kim DY, Lee CK. Chemically Defined Media Can Maintain Pig Pluripotency Network In Vitro. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:221-234. [PMID: 31257130 PMCID: PMC6626979 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pig embryonic stem cells (pESCs) have been considered an important candidate for preclinical research on human therapies. However, the lack of understanding of pig pluripotent networks has hampered establishment of authentic pESCs. Here, we report that FGF2, ACTVIN, and WNT signaling are essential to sustain pig pluripotency in vitro. Newly derived pESCs were stably maintained over an extended period, and capable of forming teratomas that contained three germ layers. Transcriptome analysis showed that pESCs were developmentally similar to late epiblasts of preimplantation embryos and in terms of biological functions resembled human rather than mouse pluripotent stem cells. However, the pESCs had distinct features such as coexpression of SSEA1 and SSEA4, two active X chromosomes, and a unique transcriptional pattern. Our findings will facilitate both the development of large animal models for human stem cell therapy and the generation of pluripotent stem cells from other domestic animals for agricultural use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hwan Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dong-Kyung Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Animal Genetic Resources Research Center, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Namwon, Jeollabuk-do 55717, Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Woo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeong Chang, Kangwon-do 25354, Korea.
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14
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Shen Q, Yu S, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Zhu Z, Pan Q, Lv S, Niu H, Li N, Peng S, Liao M, Wang H, Lei A, Miao Y, Liu Z, Hua J. Characterization of porcine extraembryonic endoderm cells. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12591. [PMID: 30896067 PMCID: PMC6536407 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To date, many efforts have been made to establish porcine embryonic stem (pES) cells without success. Extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) cells can self-renew and differentiate into the visceral endoderm and parietal endoderm. XEN cells are derived from the primitive endoderm of the inner cell mass of blastocysts and may be an intermediate state in cell reprogramming. MATERIALS AND METHODS Porcine XEN cells (pXENCs) were generated from porcine pluripotent stem cells (pPSCs) and were characterized by RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence analyses. The developmental potential of pXENCs was investigated in chimeric mouse embryos. RESULTS Porcine XEN cells derived from porcine pPSCs were successfully expanded in N2B27 medium supplemented with bFGF for least 30 passages. RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence analyses showed that pXENCs expressed the murine and canine XEN markers Gata6, Gata4, Sox17 and Pdgfra but not the pluripotent markers Oct4, Sox2 and TE marker Cdx2. Moreover, these cells contributed to the XEN when injected into four-cell stage mouse embryos. Supplementation with Chir99021 and SB431542 promoted the pluripotency of the pXENCs. CONCLUSIONS We successfully derived pXENCs and showed that supplementation with Chir99021 and SB431542 confer them with pluripotency. Our results provide a new resource for investigating the reprogramming mechanism of porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao‐Yan Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Zhe Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Zhen‐Shuo Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Qin Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Shan Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Hui‐Min Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Ming‐zhi Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Hua‐Yan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - An‐Min Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Yi‐Liang Miao
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhong‐Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life ScienceNorth‐East Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Jin‐Lian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
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15
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Park TY, Choi KH, Lee DK, Oh JN, Kim SH, Lee CK. Attempting to Convert Primed Porcine Embryonic Stem Cells into a Naive State Through the Overexpression of Reprogramming Factors. Cell Reprogram 2018; 20:289-300. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2017.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Yeong Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hwan Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Kyung Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Nam Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Kangwon do, Korea
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16
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Zhong L, Mu H, Wen B, Zhang W, Wei Q, Gao G, Han J, Cao S. Long non-coding RNAs involved in the regulatory network during porcine pre-implantation embryonic development and iPSC induction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6649. [PMID: 29703926 PMCID: PMC5923264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24863-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) play a key role in the orchestration of transcriptional regulation during development and many other cellular processes. The importance of the regulatory co-expression network was highlighted in the identification of the mechanism of these processes in humans and mice. However, elucidation of the properties of porcine lncRNAs involved in the regulatory network during pre-implantation embryonic development and fibroblast reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) has been limited to date. Using a weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we constructed the regulatory network and determined that the novel lncRNAs were functionally involved in key events of embryonic development during the pre-implantation period; moreover, reprogramming could be delineated by a small number of potentially functional modules of co-expressed genes. These findings indicate that lncRNAs may be involved in the transcriptional regulation of zygotic genome activation, first lineage segregation and somatic reprogramming to pluripotency. Furthermore, we performed a conservation and synteny analysis with the significant lncRNAs involved in these vital events and validated the results via experimental assays. In summary, the current findings provide a valuable resource to dissect the protein coding gene and lncRNA regulatory networks that underlie the progressive development of embryos and somatic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhong
- The Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyuan Mu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingqiang Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqing Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Center for Bioinformatics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyong Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Suying Cao
- The Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
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17
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Mordhorst BR, Murphy SL, Ross RM, Benne JA, Samuel MS, Cecil RF, Redel BK, Spate LD, Murphy CN, Wells KD, Green JA, Prather RS. Pharmacologic treatment of donor cells induced to have a Warburg effect-like metabolism does not alter embryonic development in vitro or survival during early gestation when used in somatic cell nuclear transfer in pigs. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 85:290-302. [PMID: 29392839 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer is a valuable technique for the generation of genetically engineered animals, however, the efficiency of cloning in mammalian species is low (1-3%). Differentiated somatic cells commonly used in nuclear transfer utilize the tricarboxylic acid cycle and cellular respiration for energy production. Comparatively the metabolism of somatic cells contrasts that of the cells within the early embryos which predominately use glycolysis. Early embryos (prior to implantation) are evidenced to exhibit characteristics of a Warburg Effect (WE)-like metabolism. We hypothesized that pharmacologically driven fibroblast cells can become more blastomere-like and result in improved in vitro embryonic development after SCNT. The goals were to determine if subsequent in vitro embryo development is impacted by (1) cloning pharmacologically treated donor cells pushed to have a WE-like metabolism or (2) culturing non-treated donor clones with pharmaceuticals used to push a WE-like metabolism. Additionally, we investigated early gestational survival of the donor-treated clone embryos. Here we demonstrate that in vitro development of clones is not hindered by pharmacologically treating either the donor cells or the embryos themselves with CPI, PS48, or the combination of these drugs. Furthermore, these experiments demonstrate that early embryos (or at least in vitro produced embryos) have a low proportion of mitochondria which have high membrane potential and treatment with these pharmaceuticals does not further alter the mitochondrial function in early embryos. Lastly, we show that survival in early gestation was not different between clones from pharmacologically induced WE-like donor cells and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renee M Ross
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Joshua A Benne
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Melissa S Samuel
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Raissa F Cecil
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Bethany K Redel
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Lee D Spate
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Clifton N Murphy
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Kevin D Wells
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jonathan A Green
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Randall S Prather
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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18
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MicroRNAs: Important Regulators of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Generation and Differentiation. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 14:71-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9785-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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19
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Li J, Gao Z, Wang X, Liu H, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Identification and functional analysis of long intergenic noncoding RNA genes in porcine pre-implantation embryonic development. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38333. [PMID: 27922056 PMCID: PMC5138625 DOI: 10.1038/srep38333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide transcriptome studies have identified thousands of long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs), some of which play important roles in pre-implantation embryonic development (PED). Pig is an ideal model for reproduction, however, porcine lincRNAs are still poorly characterized and it is unknown if they are associated with porcine PED. Here we reconstructed 195,531 transcripts in 122,007 loci, and identified 7,618 novel lincRNAs from 4,776 loci based on published RNA-seq data. These lincRNAs show low exon number, short length, low expression level, tissue-specific expression and cis-acting, which is consistent with previous reports in other species. By weighted co-expression network analysis, we identified 5 developmental stages specific co-expression modules. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of these specific co-expression modules suggested that many lincRNAs are associated with cell cycle regulation, transcription and metabolism to regulate the process of zygotic genome activation. Futhermore, we identified hub lincRNAs in each co-expression modules, and found two lincRNAs TCONS_00166370 and TCONS_00020255 may play a vital role in porcine PED. This study systematically analyze lincRNAs in pig and provides the first catalog of lincRNAs that might function as gene regulatory factors of porcine PED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Li
- College of Life Science, North-east Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.,Chong Qing Reproductive and Genetics Institute, Chongqing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, 64 Jing Tang ST, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Zhengling Gao
- College of Life Science, North-east Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- College of Life Science, North-east Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
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20
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Apoptosis in Porcine Pluripotent Cells: From ICM to iPSCs. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091533. [PMID: 27626414 PMCID: PMC5037808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigs have great potential to provide preclinical models for human disease in translational research because of their similarities with humans. In this regard, porcine pluripotent cells, which are able to differentiate into cells of all three primary germ layers, might be a suitable animal model for further development of regenerative medicine. Here, we describe the current state of knowledge on apoptosis in pluripotent cells including inner cell mass (ICM), epiblast, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Information is focused on the apoptotic phenomenon in pluripotency, maintenance, and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells and reprogramming of somatic cells in pigs. Additionally, this review examines the multiple roles of apoptosis and summarizes recent progress in porcine pluripotent cells.
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21
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Xue B, Li Y, He Y, Wei R, Sun R, Yin Z, Bou G, Liu Z. Porcine Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from IVF Embryos Contribute to Chimeric Development In Vivo. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151737. [PMID: 26991423 PMCID: PMC4798268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the pig is considered an important model of human disease and an ideal animal for the preclinical testing of cell transplantation, the utility of this model has been hampered by a lack of genuine porcine embryonic stem cells. Here, we derived a porcine pluripotent stem cell (pPSC) line from day 5.5 blastocysts in a newly developed culture system based on MXV medium and a 5% oxygen atmosphere. The pPSCs had been passaged more than 75 times over two years, and the morphology of the colony was similar to that of human embryonic stem cells. Characterization and assessment showed that the pPSCs were alkaline phosphatase (AKP) positive, possessed normal karyotypes and expressed classic pluripotent markers, including OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG. In vitro differentiation through embryonic body formation and in vivo differentiation via teratoma formation in nude mice demonstrated that the pPSCs could differentiate into cells of the three germ layers. The pPSCs transfected with fuw-DsRed (pPSC-FDs) could be passaged with a stable expression of both DsRed and pluripotent markers. Notably, when pPSC-FDs were used as donor cells for somatic nuclear transfer, 11.52% of the reconstructed embryos developed into blastocysts, which was not significantly different from that of the reconstructed embryos derived from porcine embryonic fibroblasts. When pPSC-FDs were injected into day 4.5 blastocysts, they became involved in the in vitro embryonic development and contributed to the viscera of foetuses at day 50 of pregnancy as well as the developed placenta after the chimeric blastocysts were transferred into recipients. These findings indicated that the pPSCs were porcine pluripotent cells; that this would be a useful cell line for porcine genetic engineering and a valuable cell line for clarifying the molecular mechanism of pluripotency regulation in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Xue
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yilong He
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Renyue Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ruizhen Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhi Yin
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Gerelchimeg Bou
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- * E-mail:
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22
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Yoo H, Kim E, Hwang SU, Yoon JD, Jeon Y, Park KM, Kim KJ, Jin M, Lee CK, Lee E, Kim H, Kim G, Hyun SH. Ultrastructural comparison of porcine putative embryonic stem cells derived by in vitro fertilization and somatic cell nuclear transfer. J Reprod Dev 2016; 62:177-85. [PMID: 26821870 PMCID: PMC4848575 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2015-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The ultrastructure of porcine putative embryonic stem cells and porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs) was
analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The aim of this study was to compare the features of organelles
in in vitro fertilization (IVF) derived porcine embryonic stem cells (IVF-pESCs) and somatic
cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) derived pESCs (SCNT-pESCs). Also, the features of organelles in high-passage
IVF-pESCs were compared with those in low-passage cells. The ultrastructure of PFFs showed rare microvilli on
the cell surfaces, polygonal or irregular nuclei with one to two reticular-shaped nucleoli and euchromatin,
low cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratios, rare ribosomes, rare rough endoplasmic reticulum, elongated mitochondria,
rich lysosomes and rich phagocytic vacuoles. IVF-pESCs showed rare microvilli on the cell surfaces, round or
irregular nuclei with one to two reticular-shaped nucleoli and euchromatin, low cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratios,
rich ribosomes, long stacks of rough endoplasmic reticulum, elongated mitochondria, rare lysosomes and rare
autophagic vacuoles. By contrast, SCNT-pESCs showed rich microvilli with various lengths and frequencies on
the cell surfaces, polygonal nuclei with one reticular shaped nucleoli and heterochromatin, high
cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratios, rare ribosomes, rare rough endoplasmic reticulum, round mitochondria, rich
lysosomes and rich phagocytic vacuoles with clear intercellular junctions. Furthermore, high-passage IVF-pESCs
showed irregularly shaped colonies, pyknosis and numerous lysosomes associated with autophagic vacuoles
showing signs of apoptosis. In conclusion, this study confirms that the ultrastructural characteristics of
pESCs differ depending on their origin. These ultrastructural characteristics might be useful in biomedical
research using pESCs, leading to new insights regarding regenerative medicine and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Yoo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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Secher JO, Callesen H, Freude KK, Hyttel P. Initial embryology and pluripotent stem cells in the pig--The quest for establishing the pig as a model for cell therapy. Theriogenology 2015; 85:162-71. [PMID: 26474684 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The quest for porcine pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) was initiated in the early 90s. Initially, it was the intention to benefit from these cells for production of genetically modified pigs using homologous recombination followed by derivation of chimeric offspring; a technology that has been used to produce genetically modified mice since the mid-80s. However, no convincing reports on the generation of bona fide porcine embryonic stem cells or embryonic germ cells resulted from these activities, and with the advent of somatic cell nuclear transfer during the late 90s, alternative methods for creating genetically modified pigs emerged. Over the past years, renewed interest in porcine PSCs has sparked activities in deriving in particular porcine induced pluripotent stem cells to develop the pig as a faithful model for studying the potentials and risks associated with induced pluripotent stem cell-based human therapy. Here, we review the recent data on establishment of porcine PSCs and the differences in embryonic development between pig and mouse, which may be underlying factors for the continuing challenge to culture and maintain porcine PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan O Secher
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Callesen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Kristine K Freude
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Poul Hyttel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Shah SM, Saini N, Ashraf S, Zandi M, Manik RS, Singla SK, Palta P, Chauhan MS. Development, Characterization, and Pluripotency Analysis of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from In Vitro-Fertilized, Hand-Guided Cloned, and Parthenogenetic Embryos. Cell Reprogram 2015; 17:306-22. [PMID: 26168169 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2014.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the derivation, characterization, and pluripotency analysis of three buffalo embryonic stem cell (buESC) lines, from in vitro-fertilized, somatic cell nuclear-transferred, and parthenogenetic blastocysts. These cell lines were developed for later differentiation into germ lineage cells and elucidation of the signaling pathways involved. The cell lines were established from inner cell masses (ICMs) that were isolated manually from the in vitro-produced blastocysts. Most of the ICMs (45-55%) resulted in formation of primary colonies that were subcultured after 8-10 days, leading subsequently to the formation of three buESC lines, one from each blastocyst type. All the cell lines expressed stem cell markers, such as Alkaline Phosphatase, OCT4, NANOG, SSEA1, SSEA4, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, SOX2, REX1, CD-90, STAT3, and TELOMERASE. They differentiated into all three germ layers as determined by ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal RNA and protein markers. All of the cell lines showed equal expression of pluripotency markers as well as equivalent differentiation potential into all the three germ layers. The static suspension culture-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) showed greater expression of all the three germ layer markers as compared to hanging drop culture-derived EBs. When analyzed for germ layer marker expression, EBs derived from 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS)-based spontaneous differentiation medium showed greater differentiation across all the three germ layers as compared to those derived from Knock-Out Serum Replacement (KoSR)-based differentiation medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mohmad Shah
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Neha Saini
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Syma Ashraf
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Mohammad Zandi
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Radhey Sham Manik
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Singla
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Prabhat Palta
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Manmohan Singh Chauhan
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
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25
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Saadeldin IM, Kim SJ, Lee BC. Blastomeres aggregation as an efficient alternative for trophoblast culture from porcine parthenogenetic embryos. Dev Growth Differ 2015; 57:362-368. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Islam M. Saadeldin
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology; College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Korea
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Zagazig University; Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology; College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Byeong Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology; College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Korea
- Designed Animal and Transplantation; Institute of Green Bio Science Technology; Seoul National University; Pyeongchang 232-916 Korea
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26
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Siriboon C, Lin YH, Kere M, Chen CD, Chen LR, Chen CH, Tu CF, Lo NW, Ju JC. Putative porcine embryonic stem cell lines derived from aggregated four-celled cloned embryos produced by oocyte bisection cloning. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118165. [PMID: 25680105 PMCID: PMC4334543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We attempted to isolate ES cell lines using inner cell masses from high-quality cloned porcine blastocysts. After being seeded onto feeders, embryos had better (P < 0.05) attachment, outgrowth formation and primary colonization in both 2× and 3× aggregated cloned embryos (62.8, 42.6 and12.8% vs. 76.2, 55.2 and 26.2%, respectively) compared to the non-aggregated group (41.6, 23.4 and 3.9%). Effects of feeder types (STO vs. MEF) and serum sources (FBS vs. KSR) on extraction of cloned embryo-derived porcine ES cells were examined. More (17.1%) ntES cell lines over Passage 3 were generated in the MEF/KSR group. However, ntES cells cultured in KSR-supplemented medium had a low proliferation rate with defective morphology, and eventually underwent differentiation or apoptosis subsequently. Approximately 26.1, 22.7 and 35.7% of primary colonies were formed after plating embryos in DMEM, DMEM/F12 and α-MEM media, respectively. Survival rates of ntES cells cultured in α-MEM, DMEM and DMEM/F12 were 16.7, 4.3 and 6.8%, respectively (P > 0.05). We further examined the beneficial effect of TSA treatment of 3× aggregated cloned embryos on establishment of ntES cell lines. Primary colony numbers and survival rates of ntES cells beyond passage 3 were higher (P < 0.05) in those derived from TSA-treated 3× blastocysts (36.7 and 26.7%) than from the non-treated aggregated group (23.1 and 11.5%). These cells, remaining undifferentiated over 25 passages, had alkaline phosphatase activity and expressed ES specific markers Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, and Rex01. Moreover, these ntES cells successfully differentiated into embryoid bodies (EBs) that expressed specific genes of all three germ layers after being cultured in LIF-free medium. In conclusion, we have successfully derived putative porcine ntES cells with high efficiency from quality cloned embryos produced by embryo aggregation, and optimized the ES cell culture system suitable for establishing and maintaining ntES cell lines in undifferentiated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawalit Siriboon
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Michel Kere
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Da Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lih-Ren Chen
- Division of Physiology, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Hong Chen
- Agriculture Technology Research Institute 1, Ln. 51, Dahu Rd., Xiangshan Dist., Hsinchu City, 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Fu Tu
- Agriculture Technology Research Institute 1, Ln. 51, Dahu Rd., Xiangshan Dist., Hsinchu City, 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Neng-Wen Lo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University 181, Sec. 3, Taichung Harbor Road, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jyh-Cherng Ju
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Core Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Department, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Agricultural Biotechnology and Biotechnology Centers, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Computer Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- * E-mail:
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27
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Kues WA, Nowak-Imialek M, Haridoss S, Niemann H. Strategies for the derivation of pluripotent cells from farm animals. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 45 Suppl 3:25-31. [PMID: 24417196 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent experiments demonstrated that forced expression of few critical genes drives conversion of a somatic into a pluripotent cell state. These induced pluripotent cells (iPS) were first generated from murine fibroblasts by Shinya Yamanaka's laboratory in 2006. By using retroviral vectors to express combinations of stemness genes, they identified Oct4, Sox2, Krueppel-like factor 4 and c-Myc as essential factors for reprogramming of somatic cells. Subsequent experiments applied this technology to human and rat fibroblasts, as well as other cell types and several groups showed that iPS can be generated by an even smaller number of transcription factors. The efficiency of conversion and maintenance of a pluripotent state can be supported by small molecules, such as valproic acid and specific pharmacological inhibitors. This technology is a milestone for a basic understanding of cell potency, cell fate and pathogenesis, as well as for development of cell therapies and potential applications in animal breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Kues
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Mariensee, Neustadt Department of Reprogramming, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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28
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Li J, Huan Y, Xie B, Wang J, Zhao Y, Jiao M, Huang T, Kong Q, Liu Z. Identification and characterization of an oocyte factor required for sperm decondensation in pig. Reproduction 2014; 148:367-75. [PMID: 25030891 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes possess factors to support fertilization and embryonic development, but knowledge on these oocyte-specific factors is limited. In the current study, we demonstrated that porcine oocytes with the first polar body collected at 33 h of in vitro maturation sustain IVF with higher sperm decondensation and pronuclear formation rates and support in vitro development with higher cleavage and blastocyst rates, compared with those collected at 42 h (P<0.05). Proteomic analysis performed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the differences in developmental competence between oocytes collected at 33 and 42 h led to the identification of 18 differentially expressed proteins, among which protein disulfide isomerase associated 3 (PDIA3) was selected for further study. Inhibition of maternal PDIA3 via antibody injection disrupted sperm decondensation; conversely, overexpression of PDIA3 in oocytes improved sperm decondensation. In addition, sperm decondensation failure in PDIA3 antibody-injected oocytes was rescued by dithiothreitol, a commonly used disulfide bond reducer. Our results collectively report that maternal PDIA3 plays a crucial role in sperm decondensation by reducing protamine disulfide bonds in porcine oocytes, supporting its utility as a potential tool for oocyte selection in assisted reproduction techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Li
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, ChinaShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesDairy Cattle Research Center, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, China
| | - Yanjun Huan
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, ChinaShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesDairy Cattle Research Center, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, China
| | - Bingteng Xie
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, ChinaShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesDairy Cattle Research Center, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, ChinaShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesDairy Cattle Research Center, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, China
| | - Yanhua Zhao
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, ChinaShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesDairy Cattle Research Center, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, China
| | - Mingxia Jiao
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, ChinaShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesDairy Cattle Research Center, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, China
| | - Tianqing Huang
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, ChinaShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesDairy Cattle Research Center, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, China
| | - Qingran Kong
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, ChinaShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesDairy Cattle Research Center, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, ChinaShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesDairy Cattle Research Center, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, China
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29
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Hall VJ, Hyttel P. Breaking down pluripotency in the porcine embryo reveals both a premature and reticent stem cell state in the inner cell mass and unique expression profiles of the naive and primed stem cell states. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2030-45. [PMID: 24742229 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, it has been difficult to establish bona fide porcine embryonic stem cells (pESC) and stable induced pluripotent stem cells. Reasons for this remain unclear, but they may depend on inappropriate culture conditions. This study reports the most insights to date on genes expressed in the pluripotent cells of the porcine embryo, namely the inner cell mass (ICM), the trophectoderm-covered epiblast (EPI), and the embryonic disc epiblast (ED). Specifically, we reveal that the early porcine ICM represents a premature state of pluripotency due to lack of translation of key pluripotent proteins, and the late ICM enters a transient, reticent pluripotent state which lacks expression of most genes associated with pluripotency. We describe a unique expression profile of the porcine EPI, reflecting the naive stem cell state, including expression of OCT4, NANOG, CRIPTO, and SSEA-1; weak expression of NrOB1 and REX1; but very limited expression of genes in classical pathways involved in regulating pluripotency. The porcine ED, reflecting the primed stem cell state, can be characterized by the expression of OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, KLF4, cMYC, REX1, CRIPTO, and KLF2. Further cell culture experiments using inhibitors against FGF, JAK/STAT, BMP, WNT, and NODAL pathways on cell cultures derived from day 5 and 10 embryos reveal the importance of FGF, JAK/STAT, and BMP signaling in maintaining cell proliferation of pESCs in vitro. Together, this article provides new insights into the regulation of pluripotency, revealing unique stem cell states in the different porcine stem cell populations derived from the early developing embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Jane Hall
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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30
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Ma K, Song G, An X, Fan A, Tan W, Tang B, Zhang X, Li Z. miRNAs promote generation of porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 389:209-18. [PMID: 24464032 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The pigs have similarities of organ size, immunology and physiology with humans. Porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) have great potential application in regenerative medicine. Here, we established piPSCs induced from porcine fetal fibroblasts by the retroviral overexpression of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. The piPSCs not only express pluripotent markers but also have the capacity for differentiation in vivo and in vitro, including EB and teratoma formation. We supplemented microRNAs during the induction process because miR-302a, miR-302b, and miR-200c have been reported to be highly expressed in human and mouse embryonic stem cells and in iPSCs. In this study, we found that the overexpression of miR-302a, miR-302b, and miR-200c effectively improved the reprogramming efficiency and reduced the induction time for piPSCs in the OSKM and OSK induction systems. Due to the similar induction efficiency of 4F-induced piPSCs or of three factors combined with miR-302a, miR-302b, and miR-200c (3F-miRNA-induced piPSCs), we recommend the addition of miRNAs instead of c-Myc to reduce the tumorigenicity of piPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiying Ma
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, The Center for Animal Embryo Engineering of Jilin Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi An Da Lu, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China,
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31
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Cao S, Han J, Wu J, Li Q, Liu S, Zhang W, Pei Y, Ruan X, Liu Z, Wang X, Lim B, Li N. Specific gene-regulation networks during the pre-implantation development of the pig embryo as revealed by deep sequencing. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:4. [PMID: 24383959 PMCID: PMC3925986 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because few studies exist to describe the unique molecular network regulation behind pig pre-implantation embryonic development (PED), genetic engineering in the pig embryo is limited. Also, this lack of research has hindered derivation and application of porcine embryonic stem cells and porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Results We identified and analyzed the genome wide transcriptomes of pig in vivo-derived and somatic cell nuclear transferred (SCNT) as well as mouse in vivo-derived pre-implantation embryos at different stages using mRNA deep sequencing. Comparison of the pig embryonic transcriptomes with those of mouse and human pre-implantation embryos revealed unique gene expression patterns during pig PED. Pig zygotic genome activation was confirmed to occur at the 4-cell stage via genome-wide gene expression analysis. This activation was delayed to the 8-cell stage in SCNT embryos. Specific gene expression analysis of the putative inner cell mass (ICM) and the trophectoderm (TE) revealed that pig and mouse pre-implantation embryos share regulatory networks during the first lineage segregation and primitive endoderm differentiation, but not during ectoderm commitment. Also, fatty acid metabolism appears to be a unique characteristic of pig pre-implantation embryonic development. In addition, the global gene expression patterns in the pig SCNT embryos were different from those in in vivo-derived pig embryos. Conclusions Our results provide a resource for pluripotent stem cell engineering and for understanding pig development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianyong Han
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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32
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Li X, Shan ZY, Wu YS, Shen XH, Liu CJ, Shen JL, Liu ZH, Lei L. Generation of neural progenitors from induced Bama miniature pig pluripotent cells. Reproduction 2014; 147:65-72. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pig pluripotent cells may represent an advantageous experimental tool for developing therapeutic application in the human biomedical field. However, it has previously been proven to be difficult to establish from the early embryo and its pluripotency has not been distinctly documented. In recent years, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell technology provides a new method of reprogramming somatic cells to pluripotent state. The generation of iPS cells together with or without certain small molecules has become a routine technique. However, the generation of iPS cells from pig embryonic tissues using viral infections together with small molecules has not been reported. Here, we reported the generation of induced pig pluripotent cells (iPPCs) using the iPS technology in combination with valproic acid (VPA). VPA treatment significantly increased the expression of pluripotent genes and played an important role in early reprogramming. We showed that iPPCs resembled pig epiblast cells in their morphology and pluripotent markers, such as OCT4, NANOG, and SSEA1. It had a normal karyotype and could form embryoid bodies, which express three germ layer markersin vitro. In addition, the iPPCs might directly differentiate into neural progenitors after being induced with the retinoic acid and extracellular matrix. Our study established a reasonable method to generate pig pluripotent cells, which might be a new donor cell source for human neural disease therapy.
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33
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Dong X, Tsung H, Mu Y, Liu L, Chen H, Zhang L, Wang H, Feng S. Generation of chimeric piglets by injection of embryonic germ cells from inbred Wuzhishan miniature pigs into blastocysts. Xenotransplantation 2013; 21:140-8. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Dong
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
- College of Life Science; Qingdao Agricultural University; Qingdao China
| | - Hsiaochien Tsung
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Yulian Mu
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
- Inspection Test Center for Biosafety of Genetically Modified Animal and Feed; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Surgery; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
| | - Shutang Feng
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
- Inspection Test Center for Biosafety of Genetically Modified Animal and Feed; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing China
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34
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Generation of leukemia inhibitory factor-dependent induced pluripotent stem cells from the Massachusetts General Hospital miniature pig. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:140639. [PMID: 24371815 PMCID: PMC3858863 DOI: 10.1155/2013/140639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The generation and application of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may enable the testing for safety and efficacy of therapy in the field of human regenerative medicine. Here, the generation of iPSCs from the Massachusetts General Hospital miniature pig (MGH minipig) established for organ transplantation studies is reported. Fibroblasts were isolated from the skin of the ear of a 10-day-old MGH minipig and transduced with a cocktail of six human factors: POU5F1, NANOG, SOX2, C-MYC, KLF4, and LIN28. Two distinct types of iPSCs were generated that were positive for alkaline phosphatase activity, as well as the classical pluripotency markers: Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, and the surface marker Ssea-1. Only one of two porcine iPSC lines differentiated into three germ layers both in vitro and in vivo. Western blot analysis showed that the porcine iPSCs were dependent on LIF or BMP-4 to sustain self-renewal and pluripotency. In conclusion, the results showed that human pluripotent factors could reprogram porcine ear fibroblasts into the pluripotent state. These cells may provide a useful source of cells that could be used for the treatment of degenerative and genetic diseases and agricultural research and application.
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Liu CX, Wang WL, Zhao RY, Wang HT, Liu YY, Wang SY, Zhou HM. Isolation, culture, and characterization of primordial germ cells in Mongolian sheep. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 50:207-13. [PMID: 24142152 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to culture and preliminarily identify the primordial germ cells (PGCs) isolated from the genital ridge of the Mongolian sheep fetus. The growth characteristics of the sheep PGCs were detected in different culture systems such as culture media, resources, and state and passages of feeder cells. The obtained embryonic germ (EG) cells were identified by morphology, enzymology, and immunofluorescence. The results showed that the sheep EG cell colonies were ridgy, typically nest like, and compact, and had regular edges. Alkaline phosphatase staining reaction was weakly positive. EG cells expressed Kit, Rex-1, Nanog, and Oct-4. Immunofluorescence detection was weakly positive for Oct3/4, whereas positive for SSEA-1, SSEA-3, SSEA-4, TRA-1-61, and TRA-1-80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xia Liu
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhao wu da street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, China
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Choi KH, Park JK, Kim HS, Uh KJ, Son DC, Lee CK. Epigenetic changes of lentiviral transgenes in porcine stem cells derived from embryonic origin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72184. [PMID: 23977247 PMCID: PMC3747048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the physiological and immunological similarities that exist between pigs and humans, porcine pluripotent cell lines have been identified as important candidates for preliminary studies on human disease as well as a source for generating transgenic animals. Therefore, the establishment and characterization of porcine embryonic stem cells (pESCs), along with the generation of stable transgenic cell lines, is essential. In this study, we attempted to efficiently introduce transgenes into Epiblast stem cell (EpiSC)-like pESCs. Consequently, a pluripotent cell line could be derived from a porcine-hatched blastocyst. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was successfully introduced into the cells via lentiviral vectors under various multiplicities of infection, with pluripotency and differentiation potential unaffected after transfection. However, EGFP expression gradually declined during extended culture. This silencing effect was recovered by in vitro differentiation and treatment with 5-azadeoxycytidine. This phenomenon was related to DNA methylation as determined by bisulfite sequencing. In conclusion, we were able to successfully derive EpiSC-like pESCs and introduce transgenes into these cells using lentiviral vectors. This cell line could potentially be used as a donor cell source for transgenic pigs and may be a useful tool for studies involving EpiSC-like pESCs as well as aid in the understanding of the epigenetic regulation of transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hwan Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jun Uh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Son
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Hall V, Hinrichs K, Lazzari G, Betts DH, Hyttel P. Early embryonic development, assisted reproductive technologies, and pluripotent stem cell biology in domestic mammals. Vet J 2013; 197:128-42. [PMID: 23810186 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over many decades assisted reproductive technologies, including artificial insemination, embryo transfer, in vitro production (IVP) of embryos, cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), and stem cell culture, have been developed with the aim of refining breeding strategies for improved production and health in animal husbandry. More recently, biomedical applications of these technologies, in particular, SCNT and stem cell culture, have been pursued in domestic mammals in order to create models for human disease and therapy. The following review focuses on presenting important aspects of pre-implantation development in cattle, pigs, horses, and dogs. Biological aspects and impact of assisted reproductive technologies including IVP, SCNT, and culture of pluripotent stem cells are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hall
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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De AK, Garg S, Singhal DK, Malik H, Mukherjee A, Jena MK, Kumar S, Kaushik JK, Mohanty AK, Das BC, Bag S, Bhanja SK, Malakar D. Derivation of goat embryonic stem cell-like cell lines from in vitro produced parthenogenetic blastocysts. Small Rumin Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Hall VJ. Early development of the porcine embryo: the importance of cell signalling in development of pluripotent cell lines. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013; 25:94-102. [PMID: 23244832 DOI: 10.1071/rd12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the cell signalling events that govern cell renewal in porcine pluripotent cells may help improve culture conditions and allow for establishment of bona fide porcine embryonic stem cells (pESC) and stable porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSC). This review investigates cell signalling in the porcine preimplantation embryo containing either the inner cell mass or epiblast, with particular emphasis on fibroblast growth factor, SMAD, WNT and Janus tyrosine kinases/signal transducers and activators of transcription signalling. It is clear that key differences exist in the cell signalling events that govern pluripotency in this species compared with similar embryonic stages in mouse and human. The fact that bona fide pESC have still not been produced and that piPSC cannot survive in culture following the silencing or downregulation of the reprogramming transgenes suggest that culture conditions are not optimal. Unravelling the factor/s that regulate pluripotency in porcine embryos will pave the way for future establishment of stable pluripotent stem cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Jane Hall
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Gronnegaardsvej 7, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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40
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Kurome M, Geistlinger L, Kessler B, Zakhartchenko V, Klymiuk N, Wuensch A, Richter A, Baehr A, Kraehe K, Burkhardt K, Flisikowski K, Flisikowska T, Merkl C, Landmann M, Durkovic M, Tschukes A, Kraner S, Schindelhauer D, Petri T, Kind A, Nagashima H, Schnieke A, Zimmer R, Wolf E. Factors influencing the efficiency of generating genetically engineered pigs by nuclear transfer: multi-factorial analysis of a large data set. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:43. [PMID: 23688045 PMCID: PMC3691671 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) using genetically engineered donor cells is currently the most widely used strategy to generate tailored pig models for biomedical research. Although this approach facilitates a similar spectrum of genetic modifications as in rodent models, the outcome in terms of live cloned piglets is quite variable. In this study, we aimed at a comprehensive analysis of environmental and experimental factors that are substantially influencing the efficiency of generating genetically engineered pigs. Based on a considerably large data set from 274 SCNT experiments (in total 18,649 reconstructed embryos transferred into 193 recipients), performed over a period of three years, we assessed the relative contribution of season, type of genetic modification, donor cell source, number of cloning rounds, and pre-selection of cloned embryos for early development to the cloning efficiency. RESULTS 109 (56%) recipients became pregnant and 85 (78%) of them gave birth to offspring. Out of 318 cloned piglets, 243 (76%) were alive, but only 97 (40%) were clinically healthy and showed normal development. The proportion of stillborn piglets was 24% (75/318), and another 31% (100/318) of the cloned piglets died soon after birth. The overall cloning efficiency, defined as the number of offspring born per SCNT embryos transferred, including only recipients that delivered, was 3.95%. SCNT experiments performed during winter using fetal fibroblasts or kidney cells after additive gene transfer resulted in the highest number of live and healthy offspring, while two or more rounds of cloning and nuclear transfer experiments performed during summer decreased the number of healthy offspring. CONCLUSION Although the effects of individual factors may be different between various laboratories, our results and analysis strategy will help to identify and optimize the factors, which are most critical to cloning success in programs aiming at the generation of genetically engineered pig models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Kurome
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ludwig Geistlinger
- Practical Informatics and Bioinformatics, Institute for Informatics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Kessler
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Valeri Zakhartchenko
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolai Klymiuk
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annegret Wuensch
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Richter
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Baehr
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Kraehe
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katinka Burkhardt
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Flisikowski
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tatiana Flisikowska
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Claudia Merkl
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martina Landmann
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Marina Durkovic
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Alexander Tschukes
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Simone Kraner
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Dirk Schindelhauer
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Petri
- Practical Informatics and Bioinformatics, Institute for Informatics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Kind
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Livestock Biotechnology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmer
- Practical Informatics and Bioinformatics, Institute for Informatics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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41
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Selection of appropriate isolation method based on morphology of blastocyst for efficient derivation of buffalo embryonic stem cells. Cytotechnology 2013; 66:239-50. [PMID: 23553019 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of embryonic stem cell (ESC) derivation from all species except for rodents and primates is very low. There are however, multiple interests in obtaining pluripotent cells from these animals with main expectations in the fields of transgenesis, cloning, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Researches are being carried out in laboratories throughout the world to increase the efficiency of ESC isolation for their downstream applications. Thus, the present study was undertaken to study the effect of different isolation methods based on the morphology of blastocyst for efficient derivation of buffalo ESCs. Embryos were produced in vitro through the procedures of maturation, fertilization and culture. Hatched blastocysts or isolated inner cell masses (ICMs) were seeded on mitomycin-C inactivated buffalo fetal fibroblast monolayer for the development of ESC colonies. The ESCs were analyzed for alkaline phosphatase activity, expression of pluripotency markers and karyotypic stability. Primary ESC colonies were obtained after 2-5 days of seeding hatched blastocysts or isolated ICMs on mitomycin-C inactivated feeder layer. Mechanically isolated ICMs attached and formed primary cell colonies more efficiently than ICMs isolated enzymatically. For derivation of ESCs from poorly defined ICMs intact hatched blastocyst culture was the most successful method. Results of this study implied that although ESCs can be obtained using all three methods used in this study, efficiency varies depending upon the morphology of blastocyst and isolation method used. So, appropriate isolation method must be selected depending on the quality of blastocyst for efficient derivation of ESCs.
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42
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Primed pluripotent cell lines derived from various embryonic origins and somatic cells in pig. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52481. [PMID: 23326334 PMCID: PMC3543426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since pluripotent embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines were first derived from the mouse, tremendous efforts have been made to establish ESC lines in several domestic species including the pig; however, authentic porcine ESCs have not yet been established. It has proven difficult to maintain an ESC-like state in pluripotent porcine cell lines due to the frequent occurrence of spontaneous differentiation into an epiblast stem cell (EpiSC)-like state during culture. We have been able to derive EpiSC-like porcine ESC (pESC) lines from blastocyst stage porcine embryos of various origins, including in vitro fertilized (IVF), in vivo derived, IVF aggregated, and parthenogenetic embryos. In addition, we have generated induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) via plasmid transfection of reprogramming factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc) into porcine fibroblast cells. In this study, we analyzed characteristics such as marker expression, pluripotency and the X chromosome inactivation status in female of our EpiSC-like pESC lines along with our piPSC line. Our results show that these cell lines demonstrate the expression of genes associated with the Activin/Nodal and FGF2 pathways along with the expression of pluripotent markers Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, SSEA4, TRA 1–60 and TRA 1–81. Furthermore all of these cell lines showed in vitro differentiation potential, the X chromosome inactivation in female and a normal karyotype. Here we suggest that the porcine species undergoes reprogramming into a primed state during the establishment of pluripotent stem cell lines.
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43
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Plews JR, Gu M, Longaker MT, Wu JC. Large animal induced pluripotent stem cells as pre-clinical models for studying human disease. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:1196-202. [PMID: 22212700 PMCID: PMC3340484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The derivation of human embryonic stem cells and subsequently human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has energized regenerative medicine research and enabled seemingly limitless applications. Although small animal models, such as mouse models, have played an important role in the progression of the field, typically, they are poor representations of the human disease phenotype. As an alternative, large animal models should be explored as a potentially better approach for clinical translation of cellular therapies. However, only fragmented information regarding the derivation, characterization and clinical usefulness of pluripotent large animal cells is currently available. Here, we briefly review the latest advances regarding the derivation and use of large animal iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Plews
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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44
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Kues WA, Herrmann D, Barg-Kues B, Haridoss S, Nowak-Imialek M, Buchholz T, Streeck M, Grebe A, Grabundzija I, Merkert S, Martin U, Hall VJ, Rasmussen MA, Ivics Z, Hyttel P, Niemann H. Derivation and characterization of sleeping beauty transposon-mediated porcine induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 22:124-35. [PMID: 22989381 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The domestic pig is an important large animal model for preclinical testing of novel cell therapies. Recently, we produced pluripotency reporter pigs in which the Oct4 promoter drives expression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Here, we reprogrammed Oct4-EGFP fibroblasts employing the nonviral Sleeping Beauty transposon system to deliver the reprogramming factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and cMyc. Successful reprogramming to a pluripotent state was indicated by changes in cell morphology and reactivation of the Oct4-EGFP reporter. The transposon-reprogrammed induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells showed long-term proliferation in vitro over >40 passages, expressed transcription factors typical of embryonic stem cells, including OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, REX1, ESRRB, DPPA5, and UTF1 and surface markers of pluripotency, including SSEA-1 and TRA-1-60. In vitro differentiation resulted in derivatives of the 3 germ layers. Upon injection of putative iPS cells under the skin of immunodeficient mice, we observed teratomas in 3 of 6 cases. These results form the basis for in-depth studies toward the derivation of porcine iPS cells, which hold great promise for preclinical testing of novel cell therapies in the pig model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried A Kues
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Mariensee, Germany.
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45
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Liu K, Ji G, Mao J, Liu M, Wang L, Chen C, Liu L. Generation of porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells by using OCT4 and KLF4 porcine factors. Cell Reprogram 2012; 14:505-13. [PMID: 23035653 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2012.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be artificially reprogrammed from somatic cells by overexpression of exogenous transcription factors. The pig has increasingly become an important large animal model for preclinical tests and studies of human diseases; thus, the generation of porcine iPSCs will facilitate research into the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy. A current major problem facing the generation of porcine iPSCs is the failure to silence exogenous transgenes. We hypothesized that this problem can be resolved by reducing the number of transcriptional factors used for porcine iPSCs induction. Here, we report the successful generation of porcine iPSCs using the porcine factors Oct4 and Klf4 in combination with specific small molecules. In comparison with high oxygen conditions (20%), the efficiency of porcine iPSC generation was higher under low oxygen conditions (5%). Porcine iPSCs exhibited a normal karyotype and morphology, like mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and could proliferate in the absence of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and in the presence of human leukemia inhibitory factor (hLIF) and mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder cells. These iPSCs also expressed ESC-like markers (Oct4, Nanog, Klf4, c-Myc, Bmp4, bFgf). Importantly, the porcine iPSCs showed pluripotency, as evidenced by differentiation into three germ layers in vitro following embryoid body formation, as well as by efficiently forming teratomas containing three germ layers in immunodeficient mice. Thus, pluripotent porcine iPSCs can be generated from somatic stem cells by using only two porcine transcription factors in combination with small molecules. These attempts represent the first step toward generating truly pluripotent porcine iPSCs with fewer exogenous genes and less integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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46
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Cheng D, Li Z, Liu Y, Gao Y, Wang H. Kinetic Analysis of Porcine Fibroblast Reprogramming Toward Pluripotency by Defined Factors. Cell Reprogram 2012; 14:312-23. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2012.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- De Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center for Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center for Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center for Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yi Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center for Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huayan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center for Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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47
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Hall VJ, Kristensen M, Rasmussen MA, Ujhelly O, Dinnyés A, Hyttel P. Temporal repression of endogenous pluripotency genes during reprogramming of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Reprogram 2012; 14:204-16. [PMID: 22578162 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2011.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) have the capacity to differentiate in vitro and in vivo and form chimeras. However, the lack of transgene silencing of exogenous DNA integrated into the genome and the inability of cells to proliferate in the absence of transgene expression are underlying reported problems, suggesting that reprogramming is not complete. The aim of the present study was to evaluate reprogramming events using a partially reprogrammed piPSC-like line expressing hOCT4, hNANOG, and hcMYC under tetracycline-regulated control to investigate the effects of these particular transgenes on the expression of the porcine endogenous pluripotency machinery. Endogenous and exogenous gene expression of OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, KLF4, and cMYC was determined at passages 5, 10, 15, and 20, both in cells cultured at 1 μg/mL doxycycline or 4 μg/mL doxycycline. Our results revealed that endogenous genes are repressed by their transgene counterparts in culture and that lack of expression of the transgenes, SOX2 and KLF4 allows for expression of endogenous SOX2 and KLF4. Furthermore, we report that alternate endogenous transcripts for pNANOG, pSOX2, and pKLF4 can also be detected in the pig. Despite the ability for some endogenous genes to be expressed in these lines, the piPSC-like cells still cannot be maintained without doxycycline, indicating that the culture system of piPSCs may not be optimal or that the reprogramming factor combination used may not currently be optimal for maintaining pluripotency in the pig. This may help to explain the difficulties in producing stable piPSCs and bona fide embryonic stem cell lines in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa J Hall
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Frederiksberg C., DK-1870, Denmark.
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48
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Garg S, Dutta R, Malakar D, Jena M, Kumar D, Sahu S, Prakash B. Cardiomyocytes rhythmically beating generated from goat embryonic stem cell. Theriogenology 2012; 77:829-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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49
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Kumar De A, Malakar D, Akshey YS, Jena MK, Dutta R. Isolation and characterization of embryonic stem cell-like cells from in vitro produced goat (Capra hircus) embryos. Anim Biotechnol 2012; 22:181-96. [PMID: 22132812 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2011.622189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to isolate and characterize goat embryonic stem cell-like cells from in vitro produced goat embryos. Inner cell mass (ICM) cells were isolated either mechanically or by enzymatic digestion from 150 blastocysts and 35 hatched blastocysts whereas 100 morulae were used for blastomeres isolation mechanically. The ICM derived cells or blastomeres were cultured on a feeder layer. The primary colony formation was significantly higher (P < 0.01) for hatched blastocysts (77.14%) than early/expanded blastocysts (54%) or morula (14%). When ICMs were isolated mechanically the primary colony formation for hatched blastocysts (90%) as well as blastocysts (66%) were significantly more than when ICMs were isolated by enzymatic digestion (60% and 30%, respectively). The colonies were disaggregated either mechanically or by enzymatic digestion for further subculture. When mechanical method was followed, the colonies remained undifferentiated up to 15 passages and three ES cell-like cell lines were produced (gES-1, gES-2, and gES-3). However, enzymatic disaggregation resulted in differentiation. The undifferentiated cells showed stem cell like morphological features, normal karyotype, and expressed stem cell specific surface markers like alkaline phosphatase, TRA-1-61, TRA-1-81, and intracellular markers Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog. Following prolonged culture of the ES cell-like cells were differentiated into several types of cells including neuron like and epithelium-like cells. In conclusion, goat embryonic stem cell-like cells can be isolated from in vitro produced goat embryos and can be maintained for long periods in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar De
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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50
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Thomson AJ, Pierart H, Meek S, Bogerman A, Sutherland L, Murray H, Mountjoy E, Downing A, Talbot R, Sartori C, Whitelaw CBA, Freeman TC, Archibald AL, Burdon T. Reprogramming pig fetal fibroblasts reveals a functional LIF signaling pathway. Cell Reprogram 2012; 14:112-22. [PMID: 22339199 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2011.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct signaling pathways are reported to maintain pluripotency in embryo-derived stem cells. Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) respond to leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated activity, whereas human ESCs depend upon Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and activin signaling. In the majority of mammals investigated, however, the signals that support stem cell pluripotency are not well defined, as is evident by the persistent difficulties in maintaining authentic stable ESC lines. Induction of pluripotency by transcription factor-mediated reprogramming could provide an alternative way to produce ESC-like cells from nonpermissive species, and facilitate identification of core ESC signaling requirements. To evaluate the effectiveness of this approach in pigs, we transduced porcine foetal fibroblasts with retroviruses expressing Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc, and maintained the resulting cultures in medium containing either LIF or FGF2. Alkaline phosphatase positive colonies with compact, mouse ESC-like morphology were preferentially recovered using serum-free medium supplemented with LIF. These cell lines expressed the endogenous stem cell transcription factors, OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2, and the cell surface marker SSEA-4, consistent with acquisition of an undifferentiated state. However, restricted differentiation potential, and persistent expression of retroviral transgenes indicated that reprogramming was incomplete. Interestingly, LIF activated both the transcription factor STAT3 and its target gene SOCS3, and stimulated cell growth, indicating functional coupling of the signaling pathway in these cells. This demonstration of LIF-dependence in reprogrammed pig cells supports the notion that the connection between LIF/STAT3 signaling and the core regulatory network of pluripotent stem cells is a conserved pathway in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Thomson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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