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Cao Q, Dong P, Han H. Therapeutic Effects of the major alkaloid constituents of Evodia rutaecarpa in Alzheimer's disease. Psychogeriatrics 2024; 24:443-457. [PMID: 38173117 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Since the report of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in 1907, it has garnered widespread attention due to its intricate pathogenic mechanisms, significant impact on patients' lives, and the substantial burden it places on society. Presently, effective treatments for AD remain elusive. Recent pharmacological studies on the traditional East Asian herb, Evodia rutaecarpa, have revealed that the bioactive alkaloid components within it can ameliorate AD-related cognitive impairments and neurological damage through various pathways, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities. Consequently, this article provides an overview of the pharmacological effects and research status of the four main alkaloid components found in Evodia concerning AD. We hope this article will serve as a valuable reference for experimental and clinical research on the use of Evodia in AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Cao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Peiliang Dong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hua Han
- College of Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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2
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Nájera-Maldonado JM, Salazar R, Alvarez-Fitz P, Acevedo-Quiroz M, Flores-Alfaro E, Hernández-Sotelo D, Espinoza-Rojo M, Ramírez M. Phenolic Compounds of Therapeutic Interest in Neuroprotection. J Xenobiot 2024; 14:227-246. [PMID: 38390994 PMCID: PMC10885129 DOI: 10.3390/jox14010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of elderly people is projected to double in the next 50 years worldwide, resulting in an increased prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. Aging causes changes in brain tissue homeostasis, thus contributing to the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Current treatments are not entirely effective, so alternative treatments or adjuvant agents are being actively sought. Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds are of particular interest for neurodegenerative diseases whose psychopathological mechanisms strongly rely on oxidative stress at the brain level. Moreover, phenolic compounds display other advantages such as the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the interesting molecular mechanisms that we reviewed in this work. We began by briefly outlining the physiopathology of neurodegenerative diseases to understand the mechanisms that result in irreversible brain damage, then we provided an overall classification of the phenolic compounds that would be addressed later. We reviewed in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as some clinical trials in which neuroprotective mechanisms were demonstrated in models of different neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), ischemia, and traumatic brain injury (TBI).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Salazar
- CONAHCYT National Council of Humanities, Sciences and Technologies, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, Mexico
| | - Patricia Alvarez-Fitz
- CONAHCYT National Council of Humanities, Sciences and Technologies, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, Mexico
| | - Macdiel Acevedo-Quiroz
- National Technological Institute of Mexico, Technological/IT Institute of Zacatepec, Zacatepec 62780, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, Mexico
| | - Daniel Hernández-Sotelo
- Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, Mexico
| | - Mónica Espinoza-Rojo
- Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, Mexico
| | - Mónica Ramírez
- CONAHCYT National Council of Humanities, Sciences and Technologies, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, Mexico
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Wang ZP, Zhang W, Xing LZ, Zhao YD, Xu J, Zhang YX. Therapeutic potential of Coumarin-polyphenolic acid hybrids in PD: Inhibition of α-Syn aggregation and disaggregation of preformed fibrils, leading to reduced neuronal inclusion formation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 99:129618. [PMID: 38219887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This study focuses on the discovery of new potential drugs for treating PD by targeting the aggregation of α-Syn. A series of hybrids combining Coumarin and phenolic acid were designed and synthesized. Four particularly promising compounds were identified, showing strong inhibitory effects with IC50 values ranging from low micromolar to submicromolar concentrations, as low as 0.63 μM. These compounds exhibited a higher binding affinity to α-Syn residues and effectively hindered the entire aggregation process, maintaining the proteostasis conformation of α-Syn and preventing the formation of β-sheet aggregates. This approach holds significant promise for PD prevention. Additionally, these candidate compounds demonstrated the ability to break down preformed α-Syn oligomers and fibrils, resulting in the formation of smaller aggregates and monomers. Moreover, the candidate compounds showed impressive effectiveness in inhibiting α-Syn aggregation within nerve cells, thereby reducing the likelihood of α-Syn inclusion formation resembling Lewy bodies, which highlights their potential for treating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ping Wang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Zi Xing
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya-Dong Zhao
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji Xu
- Deparment of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road 100, 450001 Zhengzhou, China; Neuroscience Research Institute, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road 100, 450001 Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yun-Xiao Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, 450052 Zhengzhou, China.
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Smriti, Singla M, Gupta S, Porwal O, Nasser Binjawhar D, Sayed AA, Mittal P, El-Demerdash FM, Algahtani M, Singh SK, Dua K, Gupta G, Bawa P, Altyar AE, Abdel-Daim MM. Theoretical design for covering Engeletin with functionalized nanostructure-lipid carriers as neuroprotective agents against Huntington's disease via the nasal-brain route. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1218625. [PMID: 37492081 PMCID: PMC10364480 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1218625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To propose a theoretical formulation of engeletin-nanostructured lipid nanocarriers for improved delivery and increased bioavailability in treating Huntington's disease (HD). Methods: We conducted a literature review of the pathophysiology of HD and the limitations of currently available medications. We also reviewed the potential therapeutic benefits of engeletin, a flavanol glycoside, in treating HD through the Keap1/nrf2 pathway. We then proposed a theoretical formulation of engeletin-nanostructured lipid nanocarriers for improved delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and increased bioavailability. Results: HD is an autosomal dominant neurological illness caused by a repetition of the cytosine-adenine-guanine trinucleotide, producing a mutant protein called Huntingtin, which degenerates the brain's motor and cognitive functions. Excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, elevated concentration of ROS and RNS, neuroinflammation, and protein aggregation significantly impact HD development. Current therapeutic medications can postpone HD symptoms but have long-term adverse effects when used regularly. Herbal medications such as engeletin have drawn attention due to their minimal side effects. Engeletin has been shown to reduce mitochondrial dysfunction and suppress inflammation through the Keap1/NRF2 pathway. However, its limited solubility and permeability hinder it from reaching the target site. A theoretical formulation of engeletin-nanostructured lipid nanocarriers may allow for free transit over the BBB due to offering a similar composition to the natural lipids present in the body a lipid solubility and increase bioavailability, potentially leading to a cure or prevention of HD. Conclusion: The theoretical formulation of engeletin-nanostructured lipid nanocarriers has the potential to improve delivery and increase the bioavailability of engeletin in the treatment of HD, which may lead to a cure or prevention of this fatal illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Madhav Singla
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Chameli Devi Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh
| | - Omji Porwal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Dalal Nasser Binjawhar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany A. Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Pooja Mittal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Fatma M. El-Demerdash
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Algahtani
- Department of Laboratory & Blood Bank, Security Forces Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
- Australian Research Consortium in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Australian Research Consortium in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Puneet Bawa
- Center of Excellence for Speech and Multimodel Laboratory, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Ahmed E. Altyar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Danışman B, Ercan Kelek S, Aslan M. Resveratrol in Neurodegeneration, in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and in the Redox Biology of the Mitochondria. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2023; 33:147-155. [PMID: 38765928 PMCID: PMC11082578 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2023.23633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a process leading to the progressive loss of structure and functions of neurons. Many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease have shown many common points at the subcellular level. Neurons are metabolically active cells and need a high amount of energy. Mitochondria are known as the energy synthesis center for cells, involved in the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate by oxidative phosphorylation. Rather than just being an energy synthesis center, it has critical importance for many cellular functions such as calcium homeostasis, cell proliferation, cell growth, and apoptosis. In the process of mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular functions are disrupted and cells enter the apoptotic or necrotic pathway. Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4-trihydoxystilbene), a plant-derived polyphenol found in the seed of grapes, berries, peanuts, and wine, has many biological effects such as inhibition of lipid peroxidation, scavenging of free radicals, changes in eicosanoid synthesis, inhibition of platelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity, and regulation of lipid metabolism. Through the reviewed literature, the current study investigated the protective role of resveratrol in neurodegenerative diseases. Studies show that resveratrol moderates mitochondrial function, redox status, and cellular dynamics in both in vivo and in vitro experimental models of neurodegeneration. Resveratrol suppresses reactive oxygen species production by reducing the activity of complex III due to its competition effect with coenzyme Q. In the present work, we discussed the protective effects of resveratrol on neurodegeneration, neurodegenerative diseases, and the redox biology of the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Danışman
- Department of Biophysics, Atatürk University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sevim Ercan Kelek
- Akdeniz University, Vocational School of Health Services, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mutay Aslan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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Koul B, Farooq U, Yadav D, Song M. Phytochemicals: A Promising Alternative for the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040999. [PMID: 37109528 PMCID: PMC10144079 DOI: 10.3390/life13040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological condition that worsens with ageing and affects memory and cognitive function. Presently more than 55 million individuals are affected by AD all over the world, and it is a leading cause of death in old age. The main purpose of this paper is to review the phytochemical constituents of different plants that are used for the treatment of AD. A thorough and organized review of the existing literature was conducted, and the data under the different sections were found using a computerized bibliographic search through the use of databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, CAB Abstracts, MEDLINE, EMBASE, INMEDPLAN, NATTS, and numerous other websites. Around 360 papers were screened, and, out of that, 258 papers were selected on the basis of keywords and relevant information that needed to be included in this review. A total of 55 plants belonging to different families have been reported to possess different bioactive compounds (galantamine, curcumin, silymarin, and many more) that play a significant role in the treatment of AD. These plants possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and anti-amyloid properties and are safe for consumption. This paper focuses on the taxonomic details of the plants, the mode of action of their phytochemicals, their safety, future prospects, limitations, and sustainability criteria for the effective treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupendra Koul
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Usma Farooq
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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Muhammad Abdur Rahman H, Javaid S, Ashraf W, Fawad Rasool M, Saleem H, Ali Khan S, Ul-Haq Z, Muhammad Muneeb Anjum S, Ahmad T, Alqahtani F, Ur Rehman A, Imran I. Effects of long-term Ailanthus altissima extract supplementation on fear, cognition and brain antioxidant levels. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:191-206. [PMID: 36942273 PMCID: PMC10023549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ailanthus altissima is an indigenous plant known for various remedial properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of methanolic extract Ailanthus altissima (AA) bark as current scientific trend is searching plant for neurodegenerative diseases, worldwide. Methodology In in-vitro experiments, the AA was analyzed for phenols, flavonoids, antioxidative and cholinesterase inhibitory properties with subsequent detailed characterization for secondary metabolites. The in-vivo neurological effects were evaluated in rats through behavioral assessment for anxiety and memory after chronic administration (28 days) of 50-200 mg/kg of AA. At the end of behavior studies, isolated brains were biochemically tested to determine antioxidant enzyme activity. Results AA was found rich in phenols/flavonoids and active in radical scavenging with the presence of 13 secondary metabolites in UHPLC-MS analysis. The AA yielded anxiolytic effects dose-dependently in the open field, light/dark and elevated-plus maze tests as animals significantly (P < 0.05 vs control group) preferred open arena, illuminated zone and exposed arms of maze. Similarly, the animals treated with AA showed significant (P < 0.05 vs amnesic group) increase in spontaneous alternation, discrimination index in y-maze, novel object recognition tests. Further, AA.Cr treated rats showed noticeably shorter escape latencies in Morris water maze tests.In biochemical analysis, the dissected brains AA treated rats showed reduced levels of AChE and malondialdehyde with increased levels of first-line antioxidant enzymes i.e. glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. These observed biological effects might be attributed to phenols and flavonoids constituents owned by AA. -The in-silico studies showed thatconessine and lophirone J phytocompounds have good blood-brain barrier permeability and interaction with AChE. Conclusion The outcomes of this study validate that bark of Ailanthus altissima might work as a source of bioactive phytochemicals of neuroprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sana Javaid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Ashraf
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fawad Rasool
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Saleem
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Salman Ali Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Muneeb Anjum
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Institut pour l’Avancée des Biosciences, Centre de Recherche UGA / INSERM U1209 / CNRS 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, France
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Anees Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
- Corresponding authors.
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Saleh R, Abbey L, Ofoe R, Ampofo J, Gunupuru LR. Effects of preharvest factors on antidiabetic potential of some foods and herbal plants. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 84:e269583. [PMID: 36722681 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.269583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder with no definite treatment, but it can be controlled by changing lifestyle and diet. Consumption of high-fiber and nutrient-rich foods including vegetables have been shown to reduce risks of obesity and Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Also, many herbal plants have been associated with reduced risks of T2DM because of their composition of secondary metabolites. Antioxidant activities of some secondary metabolites have potent inhibitory effects against inflammation linked with insulin resistance and oxidative stress. More than 800 known medicinal plants are used to control diabetes and its relevant complications. However, variations in preharvest factors including plant genotype, growing medium properties, climatic factors, and management practices can influence plant growth and their accumulation of phytochemicals with health-promoting properties. However, the effects of these preharvest factors on the antidiabetic properties of plant secondary metabolites are neither explicit nor easily accessible in the literature. Therefore, this review aims to document recent studies that reported on under-exploited medicinal plants with antidiabetic properties. We reviewed several important preharvest factors that can potentially affect the synthesis of phytoconstituents which possess antidiabetic properties. This review will help identify gaps for future research in phytomedicine and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Saleh
- Dalhousie University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant, Food, Environmental Sciences, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - L Abbey
- Dalhousie University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant, Food, Environmental Sciences, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - R Ofoe
- Dalhousie University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant, Food, Environmental Sciences, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - J Ampofo
- McGill University, Department of Bioresource Engineering, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - L R Gunupuru
- Dalhousie University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant, Food, Environmental Sciences, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Santos AL, Sinha S. Ageing, Metabolic Dysfunction, and the Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:341-435. [PMID: 37120475 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The gradual ageing of the world population has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes. The adipose tissue dysfunction associated with ageing and obesity shares many common physiological features, including increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity may help elucidate the processes that contribute to the metabolic disturbances that occur with ageing. This, in turn, may help identify therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and age-related metabolic disorders. Because oxidative stress plays a critical role in these pathological processes, antioxidant dietary interventions could be of therapeutic value for the prevention and/or treatment of age-related diseases and obesity and their complications. In this chapter, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which obesity predisposes individuals to accelerated ageing. Additionally, we critically review the potential of antioxidant dietary interventions to counteract obesity and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Santos
- IdISBA - Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain.
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Refaey MS, Shah MA, Fayed MA, Rasul A, Siddiqui MF, Qasim M, Althobaiti NA, Saleem U, Malik A, Blundell R, Eldahshan OA. Neuroprotective effects of steroids. PHYTONUTRIENTS AND NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 2023:283-304. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824467-8.00005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill and Perr ameliorates pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure/cognitive impairment in rats via inhibition of oxidative stress. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-022-00672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Pharmacologic Preconditioning as a Means to Reduce Stroke-induced Inflammation and Damage. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3598-3614. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Calkilic NM, Alici H, Direkel Ş, Tahtaci H. Synthesis, Characterization, Theoretical Analyses, and Investigation of Their Biological Activities of Acetovanillone-Derived Novel Benzyl Ethers. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1950782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hakan Alici
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Şahin Direkel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Hakan Tahtaci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
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14
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Demethyleneberberine, a potential therapeutic agent in neurodegenerative disorders: a proposed mechanistic insight. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10101-10113. [PMID: 35657450 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07594-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurodegenerative disorders are a diverse variety of diseases that can be distinguished from developing degeneration of neurons in the CNS. Several alkaloids have shown mounting effects in neurodegenerative disorders, and berberine is one of them. Demethyleneberberine is a metabolite of berberine that has better blood-brain barrier crossing capacity. Demethyleneberberine possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and mitochondrial targeting properties. However, neither the pharmacological action nor the molecular mechanism of action of demethyleneberberine on neurodegenerative disorders has been explored yet. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature review of PubMed, Medline, Bentham, Scopus, and EMBASE (Elseveier) databases was carried out with the help of keywords like "Demethyleneberberine; neuroinflammation; oxidative stress; Neuroprotective; Neurodegenerative disorders" till date. CONCLUSION This review focus on the neuroprotective potential of demethyleneberberine in neurodegenerative disorders by attenuating different pathways, i.e., NF-κB, MAPK, and AMPK signalling.
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Pirmohammadi M, Abai MR, Shayeghi M, Vatandoost H, Rahimi S, Pirmohammadi M. Influence of agro-climatic conditions on chemical compositions and repellency effect of Mentha longifolia plant against malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi. TOXIN REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.2022699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Pirmohammadi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abai
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Shayeghi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Vatandoost
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Rahimi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ademosun AO, Oboh G, Ajeigbe OF. Influence of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) enriched ice creams on rats’ brain: Exploring the redox and cholinergic systems. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:366-373. [PMID: 35198996 PMCID: PMC8850994 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The broad application of Moringa oleifera leaves in the treatment of numerous diseases is prevalent globally where it extends to the management of diabetes, hypertension, inflammation, hypercholesterolemia and neurodegenerative diseases. This study provides findings on the role of Moringa oleifera leaves (MO) [MO leaves] formulated ice creams on brain cholinergic enzymes [acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)], antioxidant enzymes, glycemic index and blood lipid profile of rats. Thirty (30) adult male rats acclimatized for 2 weeks were divided into five groups: Group 1 rats received commercial ice cream, Group 2 rats were received plain ice-cream, Group 3, 4 and 5 received 0.5 g, 1.0 g and 2.0 g of MO-formulated ice creams. Rats were fed on normal pellets and exposed to ice creams produced from whipping cream, skimmed milk and Moringa oleifera leaves for 30 consecutive days. Following administration, results from this study revealed that rats that received Moringa formulated ice-creams had reduced brain butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes activities, glycemic index (GI), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and significantly increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level in the plasma while revealing elevated brain antioxidant status (Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT)) when compared against rats consuming commercial ice creams. Therefore, results from this study attests to the intake of ice creams made from blends of Moringa leaves in the reduction of rats’ body weight, glycemic index and lipid profile (TC, TG, LDL-C), inhibition of brain cholinergic enzymes (AChE and BChE) while increasing brain antioxidant enzymes activities (SOD and CAT). Ice creams enriched with Moringa leaves reduces rats' body weight gain and GI. Also, rats' brain antioxidant and cholinergic enzymes activities was modulated. This study shows the influence of Moringa ice creams on brain enzymes activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayokunle Olubode Ademosun
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, 340001, Nigeria
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, 340001, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke Florence Ajeigbe
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, 340001, Nigeria
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Programme, Elizade University, P.M.B. 002, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Role of Bioactive Compounds in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in Brain and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020257. [PMID: 35053373 PMCID: PMC8773907 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles that participate in a wide range of metabolic processes, including energy production and biomolecule synthesis. The morphology and distribution of intracellular mitochondria change dynamically, reflecting a cell’s metabolic activity. Oxidative stress is defined as a mismatch between the body’s ability to neutralise and eliminate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). A determination of mitochondria failure in increasing oxidative stress, as well as its implications in neurodegenerative illnesses and apoptosis, is a significant developmental process of focus in this review. The neuroprotective effects of bioactive compounds linked to neuronal regulation, as well as related neuronal development abnormalities, will be investigated. In conclusion, the study of secondary components and the use of mitochondrial features in the analysis of various neurodevelopmental diseases has enabled the development of a new class of mitochondrial-targeted pharmaceuticals capable of alleviating neurodegenerative disease states and enabling longevity and healthy ageing for the vast majority of people.
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Rahul, Siddique YH. Neurodegenerative Diseases and Flavonoids: Special Reference to Kaempferol. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 20:327-342. [PMID: 33511932 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210129122033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Multiple Sclerosis and Ischemic stroke have become a major health problem worldwide. Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of flavonoids on neurodegenerative diseases and suggest them to be used as therapeutic agents. Kaempferol is found in many plants such as tea, beans, broccoli, strawberries, and neuroprotective effects against the development of many neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson, Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. The present study summarizes the neuroprotective effects of kaempferol in various models of neurodegenerative diseases. Kaempferol delays the initiation as well as the progression of neurodegenerative disorders by acting as a scavenger of free radicals and preserving the activity of various antioxidant enzymes. Kaempferol can cross the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), and therefore results in an enhanced protective effect. The multi-target property of kaempferol makes it a potential dietary supplement in preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yasir H Siddique
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Hundal S, Green J. Experience of Western Herbal Medicine practitioners in supporting brain health in mid-life and older patients: a qualitative research study. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mohammadi H, Sariaslani P, Asgharzadeh S, Ghanbari A, Hezarkhani L, Shahbazi F, Mirzaeei S. Does resveratrol enhance recovery from acute ischemic stroke? A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. JOURNAL OF REPORTS IN PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_95_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Sirajunnisa AR, Surendhiran D, Kozani PS, Kozani PS, Hamidi M, Cabrera-Barjas G, Delattre C. An overview on the role of microalgal metabolites and pigments in apoptosis induction against copious diseases. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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22
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Ion-Triggered In Situ Gelling Nanoemulgel as a Platform for Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Small Lipophilic Molecules. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081216. [PMID: 34452177 PMCID: PMC8400950 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intranasal route offers a direct nose-to-brain delivery via olfactory and trigeminal nerves and minimizes the systemic exposure of the drug. Although reliable and non-invasive, intranasal administration of lipophilic neuroprotective agents for brain targeting is still challenging. Literature focuses on naturally-derived compounds as a promising therapeutics for chronic brain diseases. Naringin, a natural flavonoid obtained from citrus fruits possesses neuroprotective effects. By regulating multiple crucial cellular signaling pathways, naringin acts on several therapeutic targets that make it suitable for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease and making it a suitable candidate for nasal administration. However, the hydrophobicity of naringin is the primary challenge to formulate it in an aqueous system for nasal administration. Method: We designed a lipid-based nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of naringin using Acrysol K140 as an oil, Tween 80 as a surfactant and Transcutol HP as a cosolvent, to improve solubility and harness the benefits of nanosizing like improved cellular penetration. Intranasal instillations of therapeutic agents have limited efficacy due to drug washout and inadequate adherence to the nasal mucosa. Therefore, we reconstituted the naringin self-emulsifying system in a smart, biodegradable, ion-triggered in situ gelling hydrogel and optimized for desirable gel characteristics. The naringin-loaded composition was optimized and characterized for various physicochemical and rheological properties. Results: The formulation showed a mean droplet size 152.03 ± 4.6 nm with a polydispersity index <0.23. Ex vivo transmucosal permeation kinetics of the developed formulation through sheep nasal mucosa showed sustained diffusion and enhanced steady-state flux and permeability coefficient. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed the spherical shape of emulsion droplets and entrapment of droplets in a gel structure. The formulation showed excellent biocompatibility as analyzed from the viability of L929 fibroblast cells and nasal mucosa histopathology after treatment. In vivo biodistribution studies revealed significantly higher drug transport and brain targeting efficiency. Conclusion: In situ gelling system with nanoemulsified naringin demonstrated a safe nasal delivery providing a new dimension to the treatment of chronic neurodegenerative diseases using small hydrophobic phytoconstituents with minimization of dose and related systemic adverse effects.
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Erukainure OL, Salau VF, Chukwuma CI, Islam MS. Kolaviron: A Biflavonoid with Numerous Health Benefits. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:490-504. [PMID: 33185157 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201113094303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing interests on the healing properties of medicinal plants have led to a paradigm shift from the use of synthetic drug to the search of natural medicines for the treatment and management of several diseases. Like other phenolics flavonoids have been continuously explored for their medicinal benefits, with their potent antioxidant activity being a major interest. Kolaviron (KVN) is a biflavonoid isolated from Garcinia kola Heckel, which has been reported for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These properties have been explored in several disease models including reproductive toxicity, cardiotoxicity, diabetes mellitus, gastrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. OBJECTIVES The present study was aimed to review the reported medicinal properties of KVN in order to provide some guidelines and direction to researchers on KVN research. METHODS A literature search was conducted with the aim of identifying peer-reviewed published data on KVN and their biological activities. Different academic and/or scientific search engines were utilized including but not limited to Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect and so on. RESULTS Among all the studied disease models obtained from the literatures, the effect of KVN on reproductive toxicity was the most studied as it represented 25% of all the studies, followed by neuroprotective, cardioprotective and hepatoprotective activities of Kolaviron. From our identified studies, KVN has been shown to have antidiabetic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, hematoprotective, nephroprotective, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective activities. KVN also has effects on malaria and reproductive health, which can be explored for novel drug and nutraceutical developments for related ailments. Unfortunately, while toxicity data are lacking, most studies are limited to in vitro and/or in vivo models, which may impede translation in this area of research. CONCLUSION Based on data gathered from the literature search, it is evident that KVN possesses numerous health benefits, which can be attributed to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, more studies are required in this area of research to validate the medicinal value of kolaviron, which may positively influence the economic value of plant, Garcinia kola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Veronica F Salau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Chika I Chukwuma
- Center on Quality of Health and Living (CQHL), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, 9300, Free State, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Fathy SM, El-Dash HA, Said NI. Neuroprotective effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juice and seed extract in paraquat-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:130. [PMID: 33902532 PMCID: PMC8074500 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraquat, (PQ), an herbicide that can induce Parkinsonian-like symptoms in rodents and humans. The consumption of phytochemical-rich plants can reduce the risk of chronic illnesses such as inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of pomegranate seed extract (PSE) and juice (PJ) against PQ-induced neurotoxicity in mice. METHODS Mice were assigned into 4 groups; three groups received PQ (10 mg/kg, i.p.) twice a week for 3 weeks. Two of the PQ-induced groups pretreated with either PSE or PJ. Detection of phytochemicals, total phenolics, and total flavonoids in PSE and PJ was performed. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) level was measured in the substantia nigra (SN) by Western blotting technique. Striatal dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes were estimated in the striatum by colorimetric analysis. Striatal pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as well as DNA fragmentation degree by qualitative DNA fragmentation assay, were evaluated. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was performed for the detection of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-кB) gene expression. Moreover, Western blotting analysis was used for the estimation of the cluster of differentiation 11b (CD11b), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) levels in the striatum. RESULTS Pretreatment with PSE or PJ increased the levels of TH in the SN as well as DA and its metabolite in the striatum that were reduced by PQ injection. PSE and PJ preadministration improved the PQ-induced oxidative stress via a significant reduction of the MDA level and the augmentation of antioxidant enzyme activities. PSE and PJ also significantly downregulated the striatal NF-кB gene expression, reduced the PQ-enhanced apoptosis, decreased the levels of; pro-inflammatory cytokines, CD11b, and TGF-β coupled with a significant increase of; interleukin-10 (IL-10), GDNF, and ATP levels as compared with PQ-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS The current study indicated that PSE and PJ consumption may exhibit protective effects against PQ-induced neurotoxicity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah M Fathy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
| | - Heba A El-Dash
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Noha I Said
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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Neuroprotective Effect of Turmeric Extract in Combination with Its Essential Oil and Enhanced Brain Bioavailability in an Animal Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6645720. [PMID: 33575335 PMCID: PMC7857868 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6645720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The study evaluated the neuroprotective effect and pharmacokinetic profile of turmeric extract and their metabolites in the blood and brain in an aluminum-induced neurotoxic animal model. Methods Swiss albino mice received turmeric extract (TE), TE-essential oil combination (TE+EO) at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg/day orally, vehicle (control), and a positive control group. Neurotoxicity was induced by injecting aluminum chloride (40 mg/kg/day, i.p.), and the effect of the intervention was studied for 45 days. The pharmacokinetic and behavioral biochemical markers of brain function and brain histopathological changes were evaluated. Results The AUC 0-t showed a 30.1 and 54.2 times higher free curcumin concentration in plasma with 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of TE+EO vs. TE, respectively. The concentration of free curcumin in the brain was 11.01 and 13.71-fold higher for 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of TE+EO vs. TE, respectively. Aluminum impairs spatial learning and memory, which was significantly reversed with TE+EO by 28.6% (25 mg/kg) and 39.4% (50 mg/kg). In the elevated plus maze test, 44.8% (25 mg/kg) and 67.1% (50 mg/kg) improvements were observed. A significant reduction in aluminum-induced lipid peroxidation was observed. Also, the levels of glutathione, acetylcholinesterase, and catalase were improved with TE+EO. Damage to the hippocampal pyramidal cells was averted with TE+EO. Conclusion The neuroprotective and antioxidant response confirms the benefits of TE+EO against aluminum-induced neurotoxicity. The presence of free curcumin and its metabolites in the brain and plasma establishes its improved bioavailability and tissue distribution. Therefore, the benefits of TE+EO could be harnessed in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Dietary Polyphenols in Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Molecular Targets in Autophagy and Biological Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020142. [PMID: 33498216 PMCID: PMC7908992 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols represent a group of secondary metabolites of plants which have been analyzed as potent regulators of multiple biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy, among others. These natural compounds exhibit beneficial effects and protection against inflammation, oxidative stress, and related injuries including metabolic diseases, such as cardiovascular damage, obesity and diabetes, and neurodegeneration. This review aims to summarize the mechanisms of action of polyphenols in relation to the activation of autophagy, stimulation of mitochondrial function and antioxidant defenses, attenuation of oxidative stress, and reduction in cell apoptosis, which may be responsible of the health promoting properties of these compounds.
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Wang Z, He C, Shi JS. Natural Products for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5790-5828. [PMID: 31131744 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190527120614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system. Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) are the common neurodegenerative diseases, which typically occur in people over the age of 60. With the rapid development of an aged society, over 60 million people worldwide are suffering from these uncurable diseases. Therefore, the search for new drugs and therapeutic methods has become an increasingly important research topic. Natural products especially those from the Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs), are the most important sources of drugs, and have received extensive interest among pharmacist. In this review, in order to facilitate further chemical modification of those useful natural products by pharmacists, we will bring together recent studies in single natural compound from TCMs with neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563003, China.,Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, P.R. China
| | - Chunyang He
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563003, China.,Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Shan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563003, China
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Oxidative Stress in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Pathophysiology and Opportunities for Pharmacological Intervention. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5021694. [PMID: 33274002 PMCID: PMC7683149 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5021694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease or Charcot disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons (MNs) and leads to death within 2–5 years of diagnosis, without any effective therapy available. Although the pathological mechanisms leading to ALS are still unknown, a wealth of evidence indicates that an excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production associated with an inefficient antioxidant defense represents an important pathological feature in ALS. Substantial evidence indicates that oxidative stress (OS) is implicated in the loss of MNs and in mitochondrial dysfunction, contributing decisively to neurodegeneration in ALS. Although the modulation of OS represents a promising approach to protect MNs from degeneration, the fact that several antioxidants with beneficial effects in animal models failed to show any therapeutic benefit in patients raises several questions that should be analyzed. Using specific queries for literature search on PubMed, we review here the role of OS-related mechanisms in ALS, including the involvement of altered mitochondrial function with repercussions in neurodegeneration. We also describe antioxidant compounds that have been mostly tested in preclinical and clinical trials of ALS, also describing their respective mechanisms of action. While the description of OS mechanism in the different mutations identified in ALS has as principal objective to clarify the contribution of OS in ALS, the description of positive and negative outcomes for each antioxidant is aimed at paving the way for novel opportunities for intervention. In conclusion, although antioxidant strategies represent a very promising approach to slow the progression of the disease, it is of utmost need to invest on the characterization of OS profiles representative of each subtype of patient, in order to develop personalized therapies, allowing to understand the characteristics of antioxidants that have beneficial effects on different subtypes of patients.
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Rueda Revilla N, Martínez-Cué C. Antioxidants in Down Syndrome: From Preclinical Studies to Clinical Trials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080692. [PMID: 32756318 PMCID: PMC7464577 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently no effective pharmacological therapy to improve the cognitive dysfunction of individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Due to the overexpression of several chromosome 21 genes, cellular and systemic oxidative stress (OS) is one of the most important neuropathological processes that contributes to the cognitive deficits and multiple neuronal alterations in DS. In this condition, OS is an early event that negatively affects brain development, which is also aggravated in later life stages, contributing to neurodegeneration, accelerated aging, and the development of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Thus, therapeutic interventions that reduce OS have been proposed as a promising strategy to avoid neurodegeneration and to improve cognition in DS patients. Several antioxidant molecules have been proven to be effective in preclinical studies; however, clinical trials have failed to show evidence of the efficacy of different antioxidants to improve cognitive deficits in individuals with DS. In this review we summarize preclinical studies of cell cultures and mouse models, as well as clinical studies in which the effect of therapies which reduce oxidative stress and mitochondrial alterations on the cognitive dysfunction associated with DS have been assessed.
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Devi SA, Chamoli A. Polyphenols as an Effective Therapeutic Intervention Against Cognitive Decline During Normal and Pathological Brain Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1260:159-174. [PMID: 32304034 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42667-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Research in animals and humans has indicated that polyphenols can delay the age-related decline in learning, memory and neurodegenerative diseases. Among the polyphenols, berry phenolics have extensive beneficial effects because of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Long-term consumption of grapes results in accumulation of polyphenols in the brain, which modulates cell-signalling pathways and neutralises the redox imbalance in the aging brain. Here we review the in vivo and in vitro evidence for considering grape-derived polyphenolics, the flavonoids- catechins, epicatechin, anthocyanidin, and quercetin, and non-flavonoids-gallic acid and resveratrol, as effective dietary sources to facilitate cognition in adults and lessen the decline in the old and pathogenic states, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, a combined intervention of polyphenols along with regular physical exercise provides cognitive benefits for the aging brain and holds promising venues for preclinical and clinical studies in formulating neuro-nutraceuticals as functional foods for a healthy brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Asha Devi
- Laboratory of Gerontology, Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India.
| | - Anudita Chamoli
- Laboratory of Gerontology, Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India
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Davies S, Contri RV, Guterres SS, Pohlmann AR, Guerreiro ICK. Simultaneous nanoencapsulation of lipoic acid and resveratrol with improved antioxidant properties for the skin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 192:111023. [PMID: 32361374 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous aging is intimately related to redox imbalance, which is mainly caused by ultraviolet radiation exposure. The aim of the present investigation was to develop lipid-core nanocapsules for the co-nanoencapsulation of resveratrol and lipoic acid aiming to improve the chemical stability and photostability of the compounds, as well as their antioxidant properties. Lipid-core nanocapsules were developed and characterized according to their mean size, size distribution, zeta potential, pH value, drug content, encapsulation efficiency, release profile, stability under storage, photostability and skin permeation profile. In vitro antioxidant activity was analyzed by lipid peroxidation method and the in vitro cytotoxicity by MTT assay and cellular count, using BALB/c-3T3 fibroblasts. It was possible to co-nanoencapsulate resveratrol and lipoic acid into particles of average diameter close to 200 nm, low polydispersity index and encapsulation efficiencies around 90 %. Nanoencapsulation increased the substances stability under storage and photostability under UVA light exposure, besides controlling substances release. The actives were able to permeate a skin model membrane when nanoencapsulated, with a faster permeation of lipoic acid. The antioxidant activity was potentiated by the co-nanoencapsulation of resveratrol and lipoic acid, without signs of cytotoxicity to fibroblasts. Therefore, the co-nanoencapsulation of resveratrol and lipoic acid is promising for application in topical formulations aiming antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Davies
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renata Vidor Contri
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Stanisçuaski Guterres
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Nanotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriana Raffin Pohlmann
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Nanotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Irene Clemes Kulkamp Guerreiro
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Nanotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Hansen T, Thant C, White JA, Banerjee R, Thuamsang B, Gunawardena S. Excess active P13K rescues huntingtin-mediated neuronal cell death but has no effect on axonal transport defects. Apoptosis 2020; 24:341-358. [PMID: 30725352 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-019-01520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High levels of oxidative stress is detected in neurons affected by many neurodegenerative diseases, including huntington's disease. Many of these diseases also show neuronal cell death and axonal transport defects. While nuclear inclusions/accumulations likely cause cell death, we previously showed that cytoplasmic axonal accumulations can also contribute to neuronal death. However, the cellular mechanisms responsible for activating cell death is unclear. One possibility is that perturbations in normal axonal transport alter the function of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT)-pathway, a signal transduction pathway that promotes survival/growth in response to extracellular signals. To test this proposal in vivo, we expressed active PI3K in the context of pathogenic huntingtin (HTT-138Q) in Drosophila larval nerves, which show axonal transport defects and neuronal cell death. We found that excess expression of active P13K significantly suppressed HTT-138Q-mediated neuronal cell death, but had no effect on HTT-138Q-mediated axonal transport defects. Expression of active PI3K also rescued Paraquat-mediated cell death. Further, increased levels of pSer9 (inactive) glycogen synthase kinase 3β was seen in HTT-138Q-mediated larval brains, and in dynein loss of function mutants, indicating the modulation of the pro-survival pathway. Intriguingly, proteins in the PI3K/AKT-pathway showed functional interactions with motor proteins. Taken together our observations suggest that proper axonal transport is likely essential for the normal function of the pro-survival PI3K/AKT-signaling pathway and for neuronal survival in vivo. These results have important implications for targeting therapeutics to early insults during neurodegeneration and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Hansen
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US
| | - Claire Thant
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US
| | - Joseph A White
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US
| | - Rupkatha Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US
| | - Bhasirie Thuamsang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US
| | - Shermali Gunawardena
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US. .,The State University of New York at Buffalo, 109 Cooke Hall, North/Amherst Campus, Buffalo, NY, 14260, US.
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Martins N, Heleno SA, Ferreira ICFR. An Upcoming Approach to Alzheimer's Disease: Ethnopharmacological Potential of Plant Bioactive Molecules. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4344-4371. [PMID: 32072889 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200219120806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative disorders have achieved epidemic levels in the last decades; not only the elderly but also adult individuals have been increasingly affected. Among them, Alzheimer's disease is one of the most prevalent and crippling diseases, associated with high rates of multi-morbidities and dependency. Despite the existence of a wide variety of drugs used as the symptomatic treatment, they have some side effects and toxicity, apart from their limited effectiveness. Botanical preparations have a secular use, being widely recommended for a multitude of purposes, such as for the improvement of brain health. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present report is to systematize the knowledge on plant-food derived bioactive molecules with promising in vitro enzymatic inhibitory activities. RESULTS Alkaloids, phenolic compounds and terpenes are the most studied phytochemicals, both derived from natural and commercial sources. In spite of their efficient activity as enzymatic inhibitors, the number of in vivo studies and even clinical trials have confirmed that their real bioactive potential remains scarce. CONCLUSION Thus, it is of the utmost importance to deepen knowledge in this area, once those relevant and informative tools can significantly contribute to the promising advances in the field of Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Martins
- Centro de Investigacao de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politecnico de Braganca, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Braganca, Portugal
| | - Sandrina A Heleno
- Centro de Investigacao de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politecnico de Braganca, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Braganca, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigacao de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politecnico de Braganca, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Braganca, Portugal
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Barbalho SM, Bueno Ottoboni AMM, Fiorini AMR, Guiguer ÉL, Nicolau CCT, Goulart RDA, Flato UAP. Grape juice or wine: which is the best option? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 60:3876-3889. [PMID: 31920107 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1710692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Grapes used in the wine or juice production are mainly Vitis vinifera and Vitis labrusca and possess high amounts of polyphenolic compounds. These compounds are associated with the reduction of the inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, and protection against cardiovascular diseases. The industrial processes used for juice and wine production may interfere with the antioxidant composition of these products and the effects on human health. The aim of this review is to compare the effects of the consumption of wine or grape juice on cardiovascular risk factors. We used PRISMA guidelines and Medline/PUBMED and EMBASE to perform our search. The main effects of red wine and grape juice in humans were a reduction of body mass index, waist circumference, glycemia, plasma lipid peroxidation, total cholesterol, LDL-c, triglycerides, blood pressure, and homocysteine levels. Both wine and grape juice possess numerous bioactive compounds that are potentially responsible for many beneficial effects on human health. Nevertheless, there is a need for more double-blind, randomized controlled studies comparing the effects of juice and wine consumption without the biases that occur when comparisons are made with different populations, ages, doses, and different types of wine or juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Medical School of Marília, UNIMAR, Marília, São Paulo, Brazils.,Food Technology School, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Élen Landgraf Guiguer
- Medical School of Marília, UNIMAR, Marília, São Paulo, Brazils.,Food Technology School, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
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Song H, Cui J, Mossine VV, Greenlief CM, Fritsche K, Sun GY, Gu Z. Bioactive components from garlic on brain resiliency against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:1554-1559. [PMID: 32010338 PMCID: PMC6966118 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) has been widely used for culinary and medicinal purposes. Aged garlic extract (AGE) and sulfur-containing compounds, including S-allylcysteine (SAC) are well documented botanical active components of garlic. AGE is prepared by the prolonged extraction of fresh garlic with aqueous ethanol and is considered a nutritional supplement with potential to promote human health. SAC is a water-soluble organosulfur compound and the most abundant component of AGE. Studies have demonstrated that both AGE and SAC can exert neuroprotective effects against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Another bioactive component in AGE is N-α-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl)-L-arginine (FruArg) although less is known about the metabolic activity of this compound. The main aim of this review was to provide an undated overview of the neuroprotective perspectives of these active garlic components (AGE, SAC and FruArg). Of interest, our studies and those of others indicate that both AGE and FruArg are involved in the regulation of gene transcription and protein expression. AGE has been shown to reverse 67% of the transcriptome alteration induced by endotoxins-lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and FruArg has been shown to account for the protective effects by reversing 55% of genes altered in a cell-based neuroinflammation paradigm stimulated by LPS in murine BV-2 microglial cells. AGE and FruArg can alleviate neuroinflammatory responses through a variety of signaling pathways, such as Toll-like receptor and interleukin (IL)-6 signaling, as well as by upregulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated oxidative stress pathways known to promote microglial resiliency against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The capability of FruArg to pass through the blood-brain barrier further supports its potential as a therapeutic compound. In summary, these experimental results provide new insight into the understanding of the neuroprotective effects of garlic components in promoting brain resiliency for health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Song
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Jiankun Cui
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.,Truman VA Hospital Research Service, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Valeri V Mossine
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | | | - Kevin Fritsche
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Grace Y Sun
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Zezong Gu
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.,Truman VA Hospital Research Service, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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Barua S, Kim JY, Yenari MA, Lee JE. The role of NOX inhibitors in neurodegenerative diseases. IBRO Rep 2019; 7:59-69. [PMID: 31463415 PMCID: PMC6709343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.07.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key player in both chronic and acute brain disease due to the higher metabolic demand of the brain. Among the producers of free radicals, NADPH-oxidase (NOX) is a major contributor to oxidative stress in neurological disorders. In the brain, the superoxide produced by NOX is mainly found in leukocytes. However, recent studies have reported that it can be found in several other cell types. NOX has been reported to regulate neuronal signaling, memory processing, and central cardiovascular homeostasis. However, overproduction of NOX can contribute to neurotoxicity, CNS degeneration, and cardiovascular disorders. Regarding the above functions, NOX has been shown to play a crucial role in chronic CNS diseases like Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and in acute CNS disorders such as stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and related cerebrovascular diseases. NOX is a multi-subunit complex consisting of two membrane-associated and four cytosolic subunits. Thus, in recent years, inhibition of NOX activity has drawn a great deal of attention from researchers in the field of treating chronic and acute CNS disorders and preventing secondary complications. Mounting evidence has shown that NOX inhibition is neuroprotective and that inhibiting NOX in circulating immune cells can improve neurological disease conditions. This review summarizes recent studies on the therapeutic effects and pharmacological strategies regarding NOX inhibitors in chronic and acute brain diseases and focuses on the hurdles that should be overcome before their clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Barua
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Youl Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| | - Midori A Yenari
- Department of Neurology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, 4150 Clement Street, MS 127, San Francisco, CA, 94121, United States
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21, PLUS Project for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea.,Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
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37
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Cieślik-Boczula K, Trombik P. Resveratrol modulates fibrillogenesis in a poly‑l‑lysine peptide. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 125:630-641. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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38
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Quercetin Potentiates Docosahexaenoic Acid to Suppress Lipopolysaccharide-induced Oxidative/Inflammatory Responses, Alter Lipid Peroxidation Products, and Enhance the Adaptive Stress Pathways in BV-2 Microglial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040932. [PMID: 30795510 PMCID: PMC6413212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the phospholipids of mammalian brain have generated increasing interest in the search for its role in regulating brain functions. Recent studies have provided evidence for enhanced protective effects when DHA is administered in combination with phytochemicals, such as quercetin. DHA and quercetin can individually suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–induced oxidative/inflammatory responses and enhance the antioxidative stress pathway involving nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). However, studies with BV-2 microglial cells indicated rather high concentrations of DHA (IC50 in the range of 60–80 µM) were needed to produce protective effects. To determine whether quercetin combined with DHA can lower the levels of DHA needed to produce protective effects in these cells is the goal for this study. Results showed that low concentrations of quercetin (2.5 µM), in combination with DHA (10 µM), could more effectively enhance the expression of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and suppress LPS–induced nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, phospho-cytosolic phospholipase A2, reactive oxygen species, and 4-hydroxynonenal, as compared to the same levels of DHA or quercetin alone. These results provide evidence for the beneficial effects of quercetin in combination with DHA, and further suggest their potential as nutraceuticals for improving health.
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39
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Koushki M, Amiri‐Dashatan N, Ahmadi N, Abbaszadeh H, Rezaei‐Tavirani M. Resveratrol: A miraculous natural compound for diseases treatment. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:2473-2490. [PMID: 30510749 PMCID: PMC6261232 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (3, 5, 4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a nonflavonoid polyphenol that naturally occurs as phytoalexin. It is produced by plant sources such as grapes, apples, blueberries, plums, and peanut. This compound has critical roles in human health and is well known for its diverse biological activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Nowadays, due to rising incidence of different diseases such as cancer and diabetes, efforts to find novel and effective disease-protective agents have led to the identification of plant-derived compounds such as resveratrol. Furthermore, several in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed the effectiveness of resveratrol in various diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, obesity, inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and age-related diseases. This review presents an overview of currently available studies on preventive properties and essential molecular mechanisms involved in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Koushki
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Nasrin Amiri‐Dashatan
- Student Research CommitteeProteomics Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Nayebali Ahmadi
- Proteomics Research CenterFaculty of Paramedical SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Mostafa Rezaei‐Tavirani
- Proteomics Research CenterFaculty of Paramedical SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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40
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Uysal S. A comparative study of three drying methods on the phenolic profile and biological activities of Salvia absconditiflora. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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41
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Assad T, Khan RA, Rajput MA. Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. seeds methanol extract on learning and memory. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1275-1280. [PMID: 29681009 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Prevention and delay in the onset of memory disorders will have a great impact on society by reducing the disease burden and finances. Drugs available for the treatment of learning and memory disorders are few. There is need to develop a better drug, several studies have shown the therapeutic effectiveness of herbal extracts for the learning and memory disorders because of their neuroprotective effects, hence herbs should be evaluated scientifically to form a basis for the future discovery of newer drugs. In this study, effect of Trigonella-foenum graecum L. seeds methanol extract (TFGS-ME) was evaluated in mice on learning and memory process by both exteroceptive and interoceptive behavioral models at three different doses. Elevated plus maze test was employed to assess the effect on learning and memory as an exteroceptive behavioral test. Scopolamine-induced amnesia was performed to assess effect on learning and memory as interoceptive behavior test. In both tests, it was found that animals received extract at 200 mg/kg exhibited a highly noteworthy decline in transfer latency on both acquisition and retention days in contrast to control animals, suggestive of improved learning and memory process. Results were equivalent to the standard drug piracetam at similar dose indicating that TFGS-ME improves learning and memory process and has significant potential as an antiamnesic agent. Hence there is need to separate the dietary components which may play a vibrant role in the future invention of novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Assad
- CMH, Karachi Institute of Medical Sciences, Malir Cantonment, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rafeeq Alam Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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42
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Resveratrol Boosts Cognitive Function by Targeting SIRT1. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1705-1713. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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43
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Flieger J, Tatarczak-Michalewska M, Blicharska E, Swieboda R, Banach T. HPLC Identification of Copper (II)-Trans-Resveratrol Complexes in Ethanolic Aqueous Solution. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 55:445-450. [PMID: 27999076 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography assay with the diode array detector was applied for detection of trans-resveratrol complexes with copper (II). Two complexes with copper to resveratrol ratio 3:2 and 1:1 were identified in ethanolic-aqueous solutions in neutral and acidic conditions. The matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry was used for evaluation of complexes in eluate liquid fraction. The structures of complexes were modeled by Titan, Spartan and HyperChem software. The findings obtained satisfactorily explain the chromatographic data and could provide useful an additional data about these forms in which is present trans-resveratrol in wine (free and/or forming complex with copper).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093Lublin, Poland
| | - M Tatarczak-Michalewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093Lublin, Poland
| | - E Blicharska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093Lublin, Poland
| | - R Swieboda
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093Lublin, Poland
| | - T Banach
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30, 20-612Lublin, Poland
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Copetti C, Franco FW, Machado EDR, Soquetta MB, Quatrin A, Ramos VDM, Moreira JCF, Emanuelli T, Sautter CK, Penna NG. Acute Consumption of Bordo Grape Juice and Wine Improves Serum Antioxidant Status in Healthy Individuals and Inhibits Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Human Neuron-Like Cells. J Nutr Metab 2018; 2018:4384012. [PMID: 29686894 PMCID: PMC5852837 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4384012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies investigated the biological effects of American grape cultivars. We investigated the metabolic response after acute consumption of grape juice or wine from Bordo grapes (Vitis labrusca) in a placebo-controlled crossover study with fifteen healthy volunteers. Blood samples were collected 1 hour after the intake of 100 mL of water, juice, or wine to measure TBARS, ABTS, FRAP, glucose, and uric acid levels. To evaluate differences in cellular response, intracellular reactive species production (DCFH-DA) and metabolic mitochondrial viability (MTT) were assessed after exposure of human neuron-like cells (SH-SY5Y) to juice or wine. Glycemia was reduced after juice or wine consumption, whereas blood levels of uric acid were reduced after juice consumption but increased after wine consumption. Juice and wine consumption reduced plasma lipid peroxidation and increased plasma antioxidant capacity (ABTS and FRAP assays). Furthermore, juice inhibited H2O2-induced intracellular production of reactive species (RS) and increased the viability of SH-SY5Y cells. In contrast, wine (dealcoholized) exhibited a per se effect by inducing the production of RS and reducing cell viability. These results indicate a positive impact of acute consumption of Bordo juice and wine on human oxidative status, whereas only juice had protective effects against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Copetti
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000 Roraima Avenue, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Wouters Franco
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000 Roraima Avenue, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduarda da Rosa Machado
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000 Roraima Avenue, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcela Bromberger Soquetta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center of Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000 Roraima Avenue, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Andréia Quatrin
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000 Roraima Avenue, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitor de Miranda Ramos
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Oxidative Stress Research (CEEO), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2600 Ramiro Barcelos Street–Annex, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Oxidative Stress Research (CEEO), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2600 Ramiro Barcelos Street–Annex, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000 Roraima Avenue, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Kaehler Sautter
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000 Roraima Avenue, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Neidi Garcia Penna
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000 Roraima Avenue, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Dal-Pan A, Dudonné S, Bourassa P, Bourdoulous M, Tremblay C, Desjardins Y, Calon F. Cognitive-Enhancing Effects of a Polyphenols-Rich Extract from Fruits without Changes in Neuropathology in an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 55:115-135. [PMID: 27662290 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
No effective preventive treatment is available for age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Epidemiological studies indicate that a diet rich in fruit is associated with cognitive improvement. It was thus proposed that high polyphenol concentrations found in berries can prevent cognitive impairment associated with aging and AD. Therefore, the Neurophenols project aimed at investigating the effects of a polyphenolic extract from blueberries and grapes (PEBG) in the triple-transgenic (3xTg-AD) mouse model of AD, which develops AD neuropathological markers, including amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, leading to memory deficits. In this study, 12-month-old 3xTg-AD and NonTg mice were fed a diet supplemented with standardized PEBG (500 or 2500 mg/kg) for 4 months (n = 15-20/group). A cognitive evaluation with the novel object recognition test was performed at 15 months of age and mice were sacrificed at 16 months of age. We observed that PEBG supplementation with doses of 500 or 2500 mg/kg prevented the decrease in novel object recognition observed in both 15-month-old 3xTg-AD mice and NonTg mice fed a control diet. Although PEBG treatment did not reduce Aβ and tau pathologies, it prevented the decrease in mature BDNF observed in 16-month-old 3xTg-AD mice. Finally, plasma concentrations of phenolic metabolites, such as dihydroxyphenyl valerolactone, a microbial metabolite of epicatechin, positively correlated with memory performances in supplemented mice. The improvement in object recognition observed in 3xTg-AD mice after PEBG administration supports the consumption of polyphenols-rich extracts to prevent memory impairment associated with age-related disease, without significant effects on classical AD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Dal-Pan
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, QC, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.,OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada).,http://www.neurophenols.org
| | - Stéphanie Dudonné
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.,http://www.neurophenols.org
| | - Philippe Bourassa
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, QC, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.,OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | | | | | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.,http://www.neurophenols.org
| | - Frédéric Calon
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, QC, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.,OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
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46
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Wu YL, Chang JC, Lin WY, Li CC, Hsieh M, Chen HW, Wang TS, Wu WT, Liu CS, Liu KL. Caffeic acid and resveratrol ameliorate cellular damage in cell and Drosophila models of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 through upregulation of Nrf2 pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:309-317. [PMID: 29247688 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ)-expanded mutant ataxin-3 protein, which is prone to misfolding and aggregation, leads to cerebellar neurotoxicity in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), an inherited PolyQ neurodegenerative disease. Although the exact mechanism is unknown, the pathogenic effects of mutant ataxin-3 are associated with dysregulation of transcription, protein degradation, mitochondrial function, apoptosis, and antioxidant potency. In the present study we explored the protective role and possible mechanism of caffeic acid (CA) and resveratrol (Res) in cells and Drosophila expressing mutant ataxin-3. Treatment with CA and Res increased the levels of antioxidant and autophagy protein expression with consequently corrected levels of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, mutant ataxin-3, and the aggregation of mutant ataxin-3 in SK-N-SH-MJD78 cells. Moreover, in SK-N-SH-MJD78 cells, CA and Res enhanced the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor erythroid-derived-2-like 2 (Nrf2), a master transcription factor that upregulates the expression of antioxidant defense genes and the autophagy gene p62. CA and Res improved survival and motor performance in SCA3 Drosophila. Additionally, the above-mentioned protective effects of CA were also observed in CA-supplemented SCA3 Drosophila. Notably, blockade of the Nrf2 pathway by use of small interfering RNA annulled the health effects of CA and Res on SCA3, which affirmed the importance of the increase in Nrf2 activation by CA and Res. Additional studies are need to dissect the protective role of CA and Res in modulating neurodegenerative progression in SCA3 and other polyQ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung 40203, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jui-Chih Chang
- Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50094, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Yong Lin
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Chun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung 40203, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40203, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mingli Hsieh
- Department of Life Science and Life Science Research Center, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsu-Shing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40203, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Tzu Wu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-San Liu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Neurology and Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50094 Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung 40203, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40203, Taiwan, ROC.
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47
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Mohammadi M, Asadi-Gharneh HA. How the morphological properties of Mentha longifolia.(L.) Huds. may be affected by geographical differences. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 178:237-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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48
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Wang Y, Latshaw DC, Hall CK. Aggregation of Aβ(17–36) in the Presence of Naturally Occurring Phenolic Inhibitors Using Coarse-Grained Simulations. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:3893-3908. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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49
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Wu JS, Kao MH, Tsai HD, Cheung WM, Chen JJ, Ong WY, Sun GY, Lin TN. Clinacanthus nutans Mitigates Neuronal Apoptosis and Ischemic Brain Damage Through Augmenting the C/EBPβ-Driven PPAR-γ Transcription. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5425-5438. [PMID: 28942553 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0776-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinacanthus nutans Lindau (C. nutans) is a traditional herbal medicine widely used in Asian countries for treating a number of remedies including snake and insect bites, skin rashes, viral infections, and cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for its action and whether C. nutans can offer protection on stroke damage in brain remain largely unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated protective effects of C. nutans extract to ameliorate neuronal apoptotic death in the oxygen-glucose deprivation model and to reduce infarction and mitigate functional deficits in the middle cerebral artery occlusion model, either administered before or after hypoxic/ischemic insult. Using pharmacological antagonist and siRNA knockdown approaches, we demonstrated ability for C. nutans extract to protect neurons and ameliorate ischemic injury through promoting the anti-apoptotic activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), a stress-induced transcription factor. Reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation promoter analysis further revealed C. nutans extract to selectively increase CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)β binding to specific C/EBP binding site (-332~-325) on the PPAR-γ promoter to augment its transcription. In summary, we report a novel transcriptional activation involving C/EBPβ upregulation of PPAR-γ expression to suppress ischemic neuronal apoptosis and brain infarct. Recognition of C. nutans to enhance the C/EBPβ → PPAR-γ neuroprotective signaling pathway paves a new way for future drug development for prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Sheng Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mei-Han Kao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Da Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wai-Mui Cheung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jin-Jer Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Grace Y Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Teng-Nan Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Republic of China.
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50
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Kim JY, Park J, Lee JE, Yenari MA. NOX Inhibitors - A Promising Avenue for Ischemic Stroke. Exp Neurobiol 2017; 26:195-205. [PMID: 28912642 PMCID: PMC5597550 DOI: 10.5607/en.2017.26.4.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH-oxidase (NOX) mediated superoxide originally found on leukocytes, but now recognized in several types of cells in the brain. It has been shown to play an important role in the progression of stroke and related cerebrovascular disease. NOX is a multisubunit complex consisting of 2 membrane-associated and 4 cytosolic subunits. NOX activation occurs when cytosolic subunits translocate to the membrane, leading to transport electrons to oxygen, thus producing superoxide. Superoxide produced by NOX is thought to function in long-term potentiation and intercellular signaling, but excessive production is damaging and has been implicated to play an important role in the progression of ischemic brain. Thus, inhibition of NOX activity may prove to be a promising treatment for ischemic brain as well as an adjunctive agent to prevent its secondary complications. There is mounting evidence that NOX inhibition in the ischemic brain is neuroprotective, and targeting NOX in circulating immune cells will also improve outcome. This review will focus on therapeutic effects of NOX assembly inhibitors in brain ischemia and stroke. However, the lack of specificity and toxicities of existing inhibitors are clear hurdles that will need to be overcome before this class of compounds could be translated clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Youl Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yensei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Joohyun Park
- Department of Anatomy, Yensei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,BK21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yensei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,BK21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Midori A Yenari
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
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