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Bennett SN, Chang AB, Rogers FD, Jones P, Peña CJ. Thyroid hormones mediate the impact of early-life stress on ventral tegmental area gene expression and behavior. Horm Behav 2024; 159:105472. [PMID: 38141539 PMCID: PMC10922504 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Proper thyroid function is essential to the developing brain, including dopamine neuron differentiation, growth, and maintenance. Stress across the lifespan impacts thyroid hormone signaling and anxiety disorders and depression have been associated with thyroid dysfunction (both hypo- and hyper-active). However, less is known about how stress during postnatal development impacts thyroid function and related brain development. Our previous work in mice demonstrated that early-life stress (ELS) transiently impinged on expression of a transcription factor in dopamine neurons, Otx2, shown to be regulated by thyroid hormones. We hypothesized that thyroid hormone signaling may link experience of ELS with transcriptional dysregulation within the dopaminergic midbrain, and ultimately behavior. Here, we find that ELS transiently increases thyroid-stimulating hormone levels (inversely related to thyroid signaling) in both male and female mice at P21, an effect which recovers by adolescence. We next tested whether transient treatment of ELS mice with synthetic thyroid hormone (levothyroxine, LT4) could ameliorate the impact of ELS on sensitivity to future stress, and on expression of genes related to dopamine neuron development and maintenance, thyroid signaling, and plasticity within the ventral tegmental area. Among male mice, but not females, juvenile LT4 treatment prevented hypersensitivity to adult stress. We also found that rescuing developmental deficits in thyroid hormone signaling after ELS restored levels of some genes altered directly by ELS, and prevented alterations in expression of other genes sensitive to the second hit of adult stress. These findings suggest that thyroid signaling mediates the deleterious impact of ELS on VTA development, and that temporary treatment of hypothyroidism after ELS may be sufficient to prevent future stress hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Austin B Chang
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, USA
| | - Forrest D Rogers
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, USA
| | - Parker Jones
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, USA
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Ding K, Wang F, Wang K, Feng X, Yang M, Han B, Li G, Li S. Environmental stress during adolescence promotes depression-like behavior and endocrine abnormalities in rats. Behav Brain Res 2024; 457:114710. [PMID: 37832605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the ability of environmental stress (ES) during adolescence on depression-like behaviors and endocrinology in rats. METHODS Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats before or during puberty were divided into three groups: control group (CON), low-frequency ES group (LF), and high-frequency ES group (HF). ES included water/food deprivation and reversal of day and night. After 4 weeks of ES, the behavioral tests were performed. Plasma concentrations of hormones and peptides were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS ES induced a significant decrease in sucrose preference value in female adolescent rats but not males. In prepubertal rats, the reductions in sucrose preference upon ES were observed without a sex-specific effect. Compared with the CON group, female adolescent rats showed a significant increase, while male adolescent rats showed a significant decrease in plasma corticosterone (CORT) after ES. Also, ES significantly increased plasma leptin in female and male adolescent rats. Moreover, ES significantly increased plasma cholecystokinin (CCK), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and testosterone (TS) levels in adolescent female rats but not in males. No significant differences were found in plasma progesterone and E2 among adolescent rats. The prepubertal male rats showed significant plasma E2 and TS increase after ES, while there were no significant differences between groups in plasma CORT, leptin, CCK, NPY, and progesterone. CONCLUSIONS ES may cause depression-like behaviors in adolescent female rats. Our findings supplement the scientific basis for formulating strategies to treat and prevent adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimo Ding
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Zhenjiang Mental Health Center, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Fei Wang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ke Wang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuezhu Feng
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min Yang
- Army Medical Center of PLA, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, No.10 Changjiang Branch Road, Daping, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Bai Han
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Guohai Li
- Zhenjiang Mental Health Center, Jiangsu 212000, China.
| | - Suxia Li
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Zhang X, Wang X, Hu H, Xu Y, Zhang J, Wang Z, Wei R, Li Q. Prevalence of self-reported thyroid disease among adults with depression. J Psychosom Res 2024; 176:111557. [PMID: 38056108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid disorders are a common comorbidity in patients with depression, yet there is limited information available about the clinical epidemiology of thyroid diseases in this specific population. This study aims to describe the prevalence of thyroid disease among US adults with depression from 2007 to 2018. METHODS This cross-sectional study used nationally representative data collected through the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2018. Age-standardized prevalence of thyroid disease among depressed patients was calculated within 4-year survey periods (2007-2010, 2011-2014, and 2015-2018), and adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population. RESULTS In our weighed sample, 6.1% of depressed individuals and 4.3% of non-depressed individuals reported thyroid disease between 2007 and 2018 (P < 0.0001). The age-standardized prevalence of thyroid disease in patients with depression increased over time, from 5.4% (95%CI, 4.6%-6.2%) in 2007-2010 to 6.8% (95%CI, 5.8%-8.0%) in 2015-2018 (P for trend = 0.0270). Furthermore, thyroid disease prevalence was highest in non-Hispanic white individuals, increased with age, and tended to be higher in women. Mean depression scores in patients with thyroid disease (9.1; 95%CI, 8.7-9.5) did not significantly different from those without thyroid disease (9.1; 95%CI, 9.0-9.3) (P = 0.96). CONCLUSION The age-standardized prevalence of thyroid disease among US adults with depression exhibited a consistent increase from 2007 to 2018, with the highest rate occurring in older, non-Hispanic white individuals, and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexue Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xujie Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huanrong Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuying Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiwei Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongxue Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wei
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyan Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Bennett SN, Chang AB, Rogers FD, Jones P, Peña CJ. Thyroid hormones mediate the impact of early-life stress on ventral tegmental area gene expression and behavior. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.25.554785. [PMID: 37662236 PMCID: PMC10473690 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.25.554785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Proper thyroid function is essential to the developing brain, including dopamine neuron differentiation, growth, and maintenance. Stress across the lifespan impacts thyroid hormone signaling and anxiety disorders and depression have been associated with thyroid dysfunction (both hypo- and hyper-active). However, less is known about how stress during postnatal development impacts thyroid function and related brain development. Our previous work in mice demonstrated that early-life stress (ELS) transiently impinged on expression of a transcription factor in dopamine neurons shown to be regulated by thyroid hormones. We hypothesized that thyroid hormone signaling may link experience of ELS with transcriptional dysregulation within the dopaminergic midbrain, and ultimately behavior. Here, we find that ELS transiently increases thyroid-stimulating hormone levels (inversely related to thyroid signaling) in both male and female mice at P21, an effect which recovers by adolescence. We next tested whether transient treatment of ELS mice with synthetic thyroid hormone (levothyroxine, LT4) could ameliorate the impact of ELS on sensitivity to future stress, and on expression of genes related to dopamine neuron development and maintenance, thyroid signaling, and plasticity within the ventral tegmental area. Among male mice, but not females, juvenile LT4 treatment prevented hypersensitivity to adult stress. We also found that rescuing developmental deficits in thyroid hormone signaling after ELS restored levels of some genes altered directly by ELS, and prevented alterations in expression of other genes sensitive to the second hit of adult stress. These findings suggest that thyroid signaling mediates the deleterious impact of ELS on VTA development, and that temporary treatment of hypothyroidism after ELS may be sufficient to prevent future stress hypersensitivity.
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Giannetto C, Arfuso F, Giudice E, Guercio A, Cannella V, Monteverde V, Piccione G. Interplay Among the Daily Rhythm of the Thyroid Hormones, Uncoupling Protein 1 and the Clock Gene Per2 in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 126:104496. [PMID: 37088111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
During husbandry, domestic animals are exposed to many factors that can influence their circadian physiology organization leading to an increase in animals' discomfort. Thermal homeostasis is at the basis of animal wellness, the aim of the present study was to investigate the daily fluctuation of serum concentrations of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in association with the daily fluctuation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and clock gene Per2 in healthy horses housed in individual box, to improve the knowledge on this matter. Seven clinically healthy female Italian Saddle horses (8-10 years old, 510 ± 32 kg), were housed in individual boxes under natural photoperiod and environmental temperature and humidity. Blood samples were collected at 4-hour intervals over a 48-hour period, for the assessment of T3, T4, UCP1, and clock gene Per2. The application of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on raw data showed a statistically significant effect of time of day on all studied parameters. A robust daily rhythm of T3, T4, and Per2 was observed. T3 showed a diurnal rhythm, with the acrophase at about 5 hours after sunrise, T4 acrophase was observed in the middle of the scotophase, Per2 acrophase was observed close to sunrise. In conclusion, we can claim that in horses kept under natural environmental conditions and not subjected to thermal stress, there is a daily rhythm of thyroid hormones associated with a daily rhythm of Per2 expression in the peripheral blood, and UCP1 remained constant during the two days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Giannetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Arfuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giudice
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenza Cannella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monteverde
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piccione
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Messina, Italy.
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Rahman SO, Khan T, Iqubal A, Agarwal S, Akhtar M, Parvez S, Shah ZA, Najmi AK. Association between insulin and Nrf2 signalling pathway in Alzheimer's disease: A molecular landscape. Life Sci 2023:121899. [PMID: 37394097 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin, a well-known hormone, has been implicated as a regulator of blood glucose levels for almost a century now. Over the past few decades, the non-glycemic actions of insulin i.e. neuronal growth and proliferation have been extensively studied. In 2005, Dr. Suzanne de La Monte and her team reported that insulin might be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and thus coined a term "Type-3 diabetes" This hypothesis was supported by several subsequent studies. The nuclear factor erythroid 2- related factor 2 (Nrf2) triggers a cascade of events under the regulation of distinct mechanisms including protein stability, phosphorylation and nuclear cytoplasmic shuttling, finally leading to the protection against oxidative damage. The Nrf2 pathway has been investigated extensively in relevance to neurodegenerative disorders, particularly AD. Many studies have indicated a strong correlation between insulin and Nrf2 signalling pathways both in the periphery and the brainbut merely few of them have focused on elucidating their inter-connective role in AD. The present review emphasizes key molecular pathways that correlate the role of insulin with Nrf2 during AD. The review has also identified key unexplored areas that could be investigated in future to further establish the insulin and Nrf2 influence in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Obaidur Rahman
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Tahira Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shivani Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Li P, Ru X, Teng Y, Han Y, Liu Z, Tao F, Huang K. Interaction between isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia and pregnancy-related anxiety on preschooler's internalizing and externalizing problems: A birth cohort study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 152:106102. [PMID: 37018881 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia (IMH) and pregnancy-related anxiety may increase the risk of offspring's emotional and behavioral problems, but little is known about their potential interactive effect on preschoolers' internalizing and externalizing problems. METHODS We conducted a large prospective cohort study in Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital between May 2013 and September 2014. There were a total of 1372 mother-child pairs from the Ma'anshan birth cohort (MABC) included in this study. IMH was defined as the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level within the normal reference range (2.5-97.5th percentile) and the free thyroxine (FT4) level below the 2.5th percentile, and negative TPOAb. The pregnancy-related anxiety questionnaire (PRAQ) was used to assess women's pregnancy-related anxiety status in the first (1-13 weeks), second (14-27 weeks) and third (after 28 weeks) trimesters of pregnancy. The Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/1.5-5) was used to assess preschoolers' internalizing and externalizing problems. RESULTS Preschoolers born of mothers with IMH and anxiety had an increased risk of anxious/depressed (OR = 6.40, 95% CI 1.89-21.68), somatic complaints (OR = 2.69, 95% CI 1.01-7.20), attention problems (OR = 2.95, 95% CI 1.00-8.69) and total problems (OR = 3.40, 95% CI 1.60-7.21). Particularly, mothers with IMH and anxiety was associated with an increased risk of preschool girls' anxious/depressed (OR = 8.14, 95% CI 1.74-38.08), withdrawn (OR = 7.03, 95% CI 2.25-21.92), internalizing problems (OR = 2.66, 95% CI 1.00-7.08), and total problems (OR = 5.50, 95% CI 2.00-15.10). CONCLUSIONS IMH and pregnancy-related anxiety during pregnancy may synergistically increase the risk of internalizing and externalizing problems in preschooler children. This interaction is distinct in internalizing problems of preschool girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixuan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xue Ru
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuzhu Teng
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zijian Liu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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A new model for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on rhythm regulations under the framework of psychosomatic medicine: a real-world study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1047. [PMID: 36658428 PMCID: PMC9852565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore a new treatment model for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) based on rhythm regulation under the framework of psychosomatic medicine. Using psychotropics as rhythm regulators, 178 patients with DM were evaluated and divided into three groups: the antidiabetic treatment group (AT group), psychotropic treatment group (PT group), and combined antidiabetic + psychotropic treatment group (combined group), for a course of 16 weeks. The West China Psychiatry Association (WCPA) Somatic Symptom Classification Scale (SSCS) was used to evaluate each patient. The levels of hormones in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axes and of blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were evaluated both before and after treatment. After the treatment, the blood glucose and HbA1c levels in all three groups were lower than those at baseline. Furthermore, the incidence of the abnormal HPA axis in the PT group was significantly decreased (P = 0.003), while the incidence of the abnormal HPA axis in the combined group was 0.0%. The five factor scores of the SSCS in the PT and combined groups after treatment were both significantly low (P < 0.01). Both the incidence of abnormal neuroendocrine axes and SSCS scores in the AT group showed no significant difference before and after treatment. "Blood glucose control + rhythm regulation" should be considered as optimised treatment goals for DM. Moreover, some psychotropics could be used as biorhythm regulators, which have good potential value for clinical application.Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR1800019064. Name of trial registration: Reinterpretation of mechanism and the optimization of treatment for non-infectious chronic diseases under the "stress-dysrhythmia" theory hypothesis. The full trial protocol can be accessed at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( http://www.chictr.org.cn/ ).
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Min W, Zhou B, Li Z, Tang N, Zhang X, Wang J, Chen Y, Zhou Y, A R, Tang L, Li G, Sun X. Re-interpretation of the mechanism of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on a framework of psychosomatic medicine: a real-world study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:689. [PMID: 36348380 PMCID: PMC9644606 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using bipolar disorder (BD) as a control, we explored the possible developmental process of impaired glucose metabolism rhythm. METHODS In total, 441 subjects (77, 162, 134, 54, and 14 in the pre-diabetes [pre-DM], DM, BD, BD + pre-DM, and BD + DM groups, respectively) and 160 controls were included. All subjects were assessed using the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axes were measured. RESULTS Cluster analysis showed that the BD, BD + DM, and DM groups were classified as the 'disease group, the BD + pre-DM group as the 'mixed period group', and the pre-DM group as the 'pre-disease group'. The conscientiousness factor scores of the NEO-FFI in the 'disease group' were higher than the norm but lower than the norm in the 'pre-disease group'. The scores of neurotic factors in the 'pre-disease' and 'mixed period' groups were both significantly higher than that in the 'disease group' (corrected p < 0.001). The incidences of the abnormal HPA axis decreased gradually from the 'pre-disease group' to the 'mixed period group' then to the 'disease group', while those of the HPT axis slightly increased at first and then significantly decreased. The overall prediction rate of the multiple logistic regression model was 92.7%. CONCLUSION This study suggests that progression of pre-diabetes to DM is a continuous process from local abnormalities to rhythm disorder of glucose metabolism. This understanding can be applied to the whole course management and early intervention of DM and to the future development of optimised treatment based on rhythm regulation. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR1800019064. Name of trial registration: Identify and the optimization of treatment for non-infectious chronic diseases under the "stress-dysrhythmia" theory hypothesis (Registration date: 24/10/2018). The full trial protocol can be accessed at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( http://www.chictr.org.cn/ ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Min
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Psychosomatic department, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, 610072 Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Mental Health Center, West China University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhou
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Psychosomatic department, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, 610072 Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nie Tang
- grid.410646.10000 0004 1808 0950Department of endocrinology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Psychosomatic department, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, 610072 Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinxiang Wang
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical College, Henan Province Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuexin Chen
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Mental Health Center, West China University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaling Zhou
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Mental Health Center, West China University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruhan A
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Mental Health Center, West China University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Tang
- grid.449525.b0000 0004 1798 4472Mental Health Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan Province Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- The Third People’s Hospital of Tianshui, Gansu Province Tianshui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueli Sun
- Mental Health Center, West China University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Tanios M, Brickman B, Cage E, Abbas K, Smith C, Atallah M, Baroi S, Lecka-Czernik B. Diabetes and Impaired Fracture Healing: A Narrative Review of Recent Literature. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:229-239. [PMID: 35960475 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00740-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder commonly encountered in orthopedic patients. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus increase fracture risk and impair fracture healing. This review examines complex etiology of impaired fracture healing in diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings point to several mechanisms leading to orthopedic complications in diabetes. Hyperglycemia and chronic inflammation lead to increased formation of advanced glycation end products and generation of reactive oxygen species, which in turn contribute to the disruption in osteoblast and osteoclast balance leading to decreased bone formation and heightening the risk of nonunion or delayed union as well as impaired fracture healing. The mechanisms attributing to this imbalance is secondary to an increase in pro-inflammatory mediators leading to premature resorption of callus cartilage and impaired bone formation due to compromised osteoblast differentiation and their apoptosis. Other mechanisms include disruption in the bone's microenvironment supporting different stages of healing process including hematoma and callus formation, and their resolution during bone remodeling phase. Complications of diabetes including peripheral neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease also contribute to the impairment of fracture healing. Certain diabetic drugs may have adverse effects on fracture healing. The pathophysiology of impaired fracture healing in diabetic patients is complex. This review provides an update of the most recent findings on how key mediators of bone healing are affected in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Tanios
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA.
| | - Bradley Brickman
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Emily Cage
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Kassem Abbas
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Cody Smith
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Marina Atallah
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Sudipta Baroi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Beata Lecka-Czernik
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA.
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA.
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11
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Meng T, Deng J, Xiao D, Arowolo MA, Liu C, Chen L, Deng W, He S, He J. Protective Effects and Potential Mechanisms of Dietary Resveratrol Supplementation on the Spleen of Broilers Under Heat Stress. Front Nutr 2022; 9:821272. [PMID: 35651504 PMCID: PMC9150503 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.821272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenolic compound with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of RSV supplementation on the inflammatory responses of broilers during heat stress. A total of 432 28-d-old white-feathered broilers (817 crossbred chicken) with an average weight of 549 ± 4 g were randomly allotted to 4 equal groups (Half male and half female, 6 replicates/group, 18 chickens/replicate), including normal temperature (NT) group (24 ± 2°C for 24 h/d, basal diet), NT+RSV group (24 ± 2°C for 24 h/d, basal diet + RSV), heat stress (HT) group (37 ± 2°C for 8 h/d, basal diet), and HT+RSV group (37 ± 2°C for 8 h/d, basal diet + RSV). Serum samples were collected on d 7 and 14 of heat stress, and thymus, spleen, jejunum, and bursa of Fabricius samples were collected and analyzed on d14. RSV treatment decreased the feed conversion ratio, partially reversed the negative alternations in body weight, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake caused by heat stress. RSV treatment also decreased the elevated levels of corticosterone on d 14, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and triiodothyronine in serum on d 7 caused by heat stress, and significantly increased the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum on d 14. Dietary RSV also reduced heat stress-induced splenic pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations. TUNEL assay showed that RSV significantly reduced heat stress-induced the number of apoptotic cells. Remarkably, RSV down-regulated some splenic related genes for apoptosis genes, including BCL-2, Apaf-1, and MDM2 mRNA levels induced by heat stress. According to GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, the differential genes between HT and HT + RSV groups were mainly associated with immune system process, hematopoietic or lymphoid organ development, and toll-like receptor signaling pathway. The relative mRNA expression of NF-κB, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and p38 MAPK were markedly decreased by the combination of RSV and heat stress. These findings showed that RSV might reduce the splenic inflammatory response in heat-stressed white-feather broilers by inhibiting heat stress-induced activation of NF-B, MAPK, and HSP70, as well as inhibiting the activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Juying Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Dingfu Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Chunming Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Aquaculture, Huaihua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huaihua, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Aquaculture, Huaihua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huaihua, China
| | - Shaoping He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Aquaculture, Huaihua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huaihua, China
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12
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Hua J, Shen J, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Du W, Williams GJ. The association between COVID-19 pandemic and maternal isolated hypothyroxinemia in first and second trimesters. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 128:105210. [PMID: 33866067 PMCID: PMC8021450 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic has induced entire cities in China placed under 'mass quarantine'. The majority of pregnant women have to be confined at home may be more vulnerable to stressors. In our study, we aimed to explore the effects of the epidemic on maternal thyroid function, so as to provide evidence for prevention and intervention of sustained maternal and offspring's health impairment produced by thyroid dysfunction. METHODS The subjects were selected from an ongoing prospective cohort study. we included the pregnant women who receive a thyroid function test during the COVID-19 epidemic and those receiving the test during the corresponding lunar period of 2019. A total of 7148 pregnant women with complete information were included in the final analysis. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used for analyzing the association of COVID-19 pandemic with FT4 levels and isolated hypothyroxinemia. RESULTS We found a decreased maternal FT4 level during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic in first and second trimesters (β = -0. 131, 95%CI = -0.257,-0.006,p = 0.040) and in first trimester (β = -0. 0.176, 95%CI = -0.326,-0.026,p = 0.022) when adjusting for 25 (OH) vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate and ferritin and gestational days, maternal socio-demographic characteristics and health conditions. The status of pandemic increased the risks of isolated hypothyroxinemia in first and second trimesters (OR = 1.547, 95%CI = 1.251,1.913, p < 0.001) and first trimester (OR = 1.651, 95%CI = 1.289,2.114, p < 0.001) when adjusting for the covariates. However, these associations disappeared in the women with positive TPOAb (p > 0.05). Additionally, we found associations between daily reported new case of COVID-19 and maternal FT4 for single-day lag1, lag3 and multi-day lag01 and lag04 when adjusting for the covariates (each p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Mass confinement as a primary community control strategy may have a significant cost to public health resources. Access to health service systems and adequate medical resources should be improved for pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hua
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 2699, Gaoke Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201204, China.
| | - Jiajin Shen
- KLATASDS-MOE, School of Statistics, East China Normal University, North Zhangshan Road, Shanghai,Pudong District, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 2699, Gaoke Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201204, China.
| | - Yingchun Zhou
- KLATASDS-MOE, School of Statistics, East China Normal University, North Zhangshan Road, Shanghai,Pudong District, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Wenchong Du
- Department of psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Burton Street, Nottingham NG1 4BU, UK.
| | - Gareth J Williams
- School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, 3633, Burton Street, Nottingham NG1 4BU, UK.
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13
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Effect of Electroacupuncture on Reuptake of Serotonin via miRNA-16 Expression in a Rat Model of Depression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7124318. [PMID: 31929820 PMCID: PMC6942800 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7124318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) treatment applied to Bai hui (GV20) and Yin tang (GV29) acupoints (1 mA, 2 Hz, continuous wave, 20 minutes) for 28 days in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on reuptake of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) and miRNA-16 levels in the hippocampus and serum. Rats were housed in individual cages, and CUMS was used to establish a rat model of depression. After EA treatment for 4 weeks, behavioral changes and indices including 5-HT transporter (SERT), 5-HT, and miRNA-16 levels in the hippocampus and serum were examined. The EA treatment significantly improved base levels of sucrose preference and exploratory behavior and significantly decreased SERT protein and mRNA expression in the hippocampus of depressed rats. Significantly increased 5-HT levels were observed, and miRNA-16 levels were significantly decreased in the hippocampus and serum of depressed rats. In conclusion, the antidepressant effects of EA treatment may be affected via inhibition of 5-HT reuptake, upregulation of 5-HT levels, and inhibition of miRNA-16 expression in the hippocampus and serum.
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14
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Wang XL, Yuan K, Zhang W, Li SX, Gao GF, Lu L. Regulation of Circadian Genes by the MAPK Pathway: Implications for Rapid Antidepressant Action. Neurosci Bull 2019; 36:66-76. [PMID: 30859414 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the circadian rhythm plays a critical role in mood regulation, and circadian disturbances are often found in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is involved in mediating entrainment of the circadian system. Furthermore, the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of MDD and the rapid onset of action of antidepressant therapies, both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical. This review provides an overview of the involvement of the MAPK/ERK pathway in modulating the circadian system in the rapid action of antidepressant therapies. This pathway holds much promise for the development of novel, rapid-onset-of-action therapeutics for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ling Wang
- Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Su-Xia Li
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - George Fu Gao
- Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Lin Lu
- Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China. .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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15
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Peliciari-Garcia RA, Darley-Usmar V, Young ME. An overview of the emerging interface between cardiac metabolism, redox biology and the circadian clock. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:75-84. [PMID: 29432800 PMCID: PMC6314011 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
At various biological levels, mammals must integrate with 24-hr rhythms in their environment. Daily fluctuations in stimuli/stressors of cardiac metabolism and oxidation-reduction (redox) status have been reported over the course of the day. It is therefore not surprising that the heart exhibits dramatic oscillations in various cellular processes over the course of the day, including transcription, translation, ion homeostasis, metabolism, and redox signaling. This temporal partitioning of cardiac processes is governed by a complex interplay between intracellular (e.g., circadian clocks) and extracellular (e.g., neurohumoral factors) influences, thus ensuring appropriate responses to daily stimuli/stresses. The purpose of the current article is to review knowledge regarding control of metabolism and redox biology in the heart over the course of the day, and to highlight whether disruption of these daily rhythms contribute towards cardiac dysfunction observed in various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Peliciari-Garcia
- Morphophysiology & Pathology Sector, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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16
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Thyroid Dysfunction, Neurological Disorder and Immunosuppression as the Consequences of Long-term Combined Stress. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29540811 PMCID: PMC5852085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is a powerful modulator of neuroendocrine, behavioral, and immunological functions. So far, the molecular mechanisms of response to stressors still remain elusive. In the current study, after 10 days of repeated chronic stress (hot-dry environment and electric foot-shock), a murine model of combined-stress (CS) was created in the SPF Wistar rats. Meanwhile, we established an ulcerative-colitis (UC) rat model induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)/ethanol enema according to previous studies. The blood, hypothalamus, and colon tissues of these rats from CS, normal control (NC), UC and sham (SH) groups, were collected for further investigations. Comparing to the NC group, the serum levels of T3, T4, fT3 and fT4 were obviously decreased in the CS group after chronic stress, indicating that thyroid dysfunction was induced by long-term combined stress. Moreover, the application of RNA-seq and subsequent analyses revealed that neurological disorder and immunosuppression were also caused in the hypothalamus and colon tissues, respectively. Comparing with SH group, besides the induced colon inflammation, thyroid dysfuntion and neurological disorder were also produced in the UC group, suggesting that hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and gastrointestinal system might not function in isolation, but rather, have intricate crosstalks.
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17
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Peliciari-Garcia RA, Bargi-Souza P, Young ME, Nunes MT. Repercussions of hypo and hyperthyroidism on the heart circadian clock. Chronobiol Int 2017; 35:147-159. [PMID: 29111822 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1388253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial gene expression and metabolism fluctuate over the course of the day in association with changes in energy supply and demand. Time-of-day-dependent oscillations in myocardial processes have been linked to the intrinsic cardiomyocyte circadian clock. Triiodothyronine (T3) is an important modulator of heart metabolism and function. Recently, our group has reported time-of-day-dependent rhythms in cardiac T3 sensitivity, as well as, T3-mediated acute alterations on core clock components. Hypo and hyperthyroidism are the second most prevalent endocrine disease worldwide. Considering the importance of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock and T3 to cardiac physiology, the aim of this study was to investigate the consequences of chronic hypo and hyperthyroidism on 24-h rhythms of circadian clock genes in the heart. Hypo and hyperthyroidism was induced in rats by thyroidectomy (Tx) and i.p. injections of supraphysiological dose of T3, respectively. Here we report alterations in mRNA levels of the major core clock components (Bmal1, Per2, Nr1d1, and Rora) for both experimental conditions (with the exception of Per2 during hyperthyroid condition). Oscillations in mRNA levels of key glucose and fatty-acid metabolism genes known to be clock controlled (Pdk4, Ucp3, Acot1, and Cd36) were equally affected by the experimental conditions, especially during the hypothyroid state. These findings suggest that chronic alterations in thyroid status significantly impacts 24-h rhythms in circadian clock and metabolic genes in the heart. Whether these perturbations contribute toward the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction associated with hypo and hyperthyroidism requires further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Peliciari-Garcia
- a Morphophysiology & Pathology Sector, Department of Biological Sciences , Federal University of São Paulo , Diadema , Brazil.,b Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Paula Bargi-Souza
- b Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Martin E Young
- c Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA
| | - Maria Tereza Nunes
- b Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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18
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Fahrenkrug J, Georg B, Hannibal J, Jørgensen HL. Hypophysectomy abolishes rhythms in rat thyroid hormones but not in the thyroid clock. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:209-216. [PMID: 28348112 PMCID: PMC5446591 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The endocrine body rhythms including the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis seem to be regulated by the circadian timing system, and daily rhythmicity of circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is well established. The circadian rhythms are generated by endogenous clocks in the central brain oscillator located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) as well as multiple peripheral clocks, but information on the existence and function of a thyroid clock is limited. The molecular machinery in all clock cells is composed of a number of clock genes and their gene products are connected by autoregulatory feedback loops. Here, we provide evidence for a thyroid clock in the rat by demonstrating 24-h antiphase oscillations for the mRNA of the canonical clock genes Per1 and Bmal1, which was unaffected by hypophysectomy. By immunostaining, we supported the existence of a core oscillator in the individual thyroid cells by demonstrating a daily cytoplasmatic-nuclear shuttling of PER1 protein. In normal rats, we found a significant daily rhythmicity in the circulating thyroid hormones preceded by a peak in TSH. In hypophysectomised rats, although the thyroid clock was not affected, the oscillations in circulating thyroid hormones were abolished and the levels were markedly lowered. No daily oscillations in the expression of TSH receptor mRNA were observed in neither control rats nor hypophysectomised rats. Our findings indicate that the daily rhythm of thyroid hormone secretion is governed by SCN signalling via the rhythmic TSH secretion rather than by the local thyroid clock, which was still ticking after hypophysectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fahrenkrug
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryBispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Georg
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryBispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Hannibal
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryBispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H L Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryBispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Sun Q, Liu A, Ma Y, Wang A, Guo X, Teng W, Jiang Y. Effects of forced swimming stress on thyroid function, pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone and hypothalamus thyrotropin releasing hormone expression in adrenalectomy Wistar rats. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3167-3174. [PMID: 27882133 PMCID: PMC5103762 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to study the impact that is imposed on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis of adrenalectomy male Wistar rats by stress caused by swimming, the blood level of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), the expression of TSHβ mRNA at the pituitary and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) expression at the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were measured. A total of 50 male Wistar rats of 6-8 weeks of age and with an average weight of 190-210 grams were randomly divided into the following two groups: The surgical (without adrenal glands) and non-surgical (adrenalectomy) group. These two groups were then divided into the following five groups, according to the time delay of sacrifice following forced swim (10 min, 2 h, 12 h and 24 h) and control (not subjected to swimming) groups. A bilateral adrenalectomy animal model was established. Serum TSH in the blood was measurement by chemiluminescent immunoassay, and cerebrum tissue were excised for the measurement of TRH expression using an immunohistochemistry assay. In addition, pituitaries were excised for the extraction of total RNA. Finally, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed for quantitation of TSHβ. Following swimming, the serum T3, T4 and TSH, the TSHβ mRNA expression levels in the pituitary and the TRH expression in the PVN of the surgical group were gradually increased. In the non-surgical group, no significant differences were observed in the serum T3, T4 and TSH levels compared with the control group. The TSHβ mRNA expression at the pituitary showed a similar result. Furthermore, the TRH expression at PVN was gradually increased and stress from swimming could increase the blood T4, T3 and TSH levels, TSHβ mRNA expression at the pituitary and TRH expression at the PVN in adrenalectomy Wistar rats. Moreover, the index in the surgical group changed significantly compared with the non-surgical group. In conclusion, the results suggest that there is a positive correlation between stress from forced swimming and the variation of the HPT axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Aihua Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Anyi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xinhong Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yaqiu Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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20
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Peliciari-Garcia RA, Prévide RM, Nunes MT, Young ME. Interrelationship between 3,5,3´-triiodothyronine and the circadian clock in the rodent heart. Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:1444-1454. [PMID: 27661292 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1229673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Triiodothyronine (T3) is an important modulator of cardiac metabolism and function, often through modulation of gene expression. The cardiomyocyte circadian clock is a transcriptionally based molecular mechanism capable of regulating cardiac processes, in part by modulating responsiveness of the heart to extra-cardiac stimuli/stresses in a time-of-day (TOD)-dependent manner. Although TOD-dependent oscillations in circulating levels of T3 (and its intermediates) have been established, oscillations in T3 sensitivity in the heart is unknown. To investigate the latter possibility, euthyroid male Wistar rats were treated with vehicle or T3 at distinct times of the day, after which induction of known T3 target genes were assessed in the heart (4-h later). The expression of mRNA was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Here, we report greater T3 induction of transcript levels at the end of the dark phase. Surprisingly, use of cardiomyocyte-specific clock mutant (CCM) mice revealed that TOD-dependent oscillations in T3 sensitivity were independent of this cell autonomous mechanism. Investigation of genes encoding for proteins that affect T3 sensitivity revealed that Dio1, Dio2 and Thrb1 exhibited TOD-dependent variations in the heart, while Thra1 and Thra2 did not. Of these, Dio1 and Thrb1 were increased in the heart at the end of the dark phase. Interestingly, we observed that T3 acutely altered the expression of core clock components (e.g. Bmal1) in the rat heart. To investigate this further, rats were injected with a single dose of T3, after which expression of clock genes was interrogated at 3-h intervals over the subsequent 24-h period. These studies revealed robust effects of T3 on oscillations of both core clock components and clock-controlled genes. In summary, the current study exposed TOD-dependent sensitivity to T3 in the heart and its effects in the circadian clock genes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Antonio Peliciari-Garcia
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Federal University of São Paulo , Diadema.,b Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, Department of Physiology and Biophysics , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Rafael Maso Prévide
- b Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, Department of Physiology and Biophysics , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza Nunes
- b Institute of Biomedical Sciences-I, Department of Physiology and Biophysics , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Martin Elliot Young
- c Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA
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Short photoperiod condition increases susceptibility to stress in adolescent male rats. Behav Brain Res 2015; 300:38-44. [PMID: 26655789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The seasonality of depressive symptoms is prevalent in children and adolescents. However, the mechanisms that underlie such susceptibility to seasonal influences on mood disorders are unclear. We examined the effects of a short photoperiod condition on the susceptibility to subchronic unpredictable mild stress (SCUS) and rhythmic alterations of plasma corticosterone (CORT), melatonin, and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in adolescent male rats. Compared with the 12h/12h light/dark photoperiod control (CON) rats, the 8h/16h photoperiod SCUS rats exhibited significant anhedonia, a core symptom of human depression, together with a blunted diurnal rhythm and elevation of 24h CORT, melatonin, and NPY levels. The 8h/16h photoperiod condition also blunted the rhythmicity of CORT, caused a phase inversion of melatonin, and caused a phase delay of NPY compared with 12h/12h CON rats. Such abnormalities of plasma CORT, NPY, and melatonin might cause adolescent individuals to present higher stress reactivity and greater vulnerability to stress over their lifetimes. The present study provides evidence of the susceptibility to the seasonality of stress-related disorders in adolescence.
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Unpredictable Chronic Stress Alters Adenosine Metabolism in Zebrafish Brain. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2518-28. [PMID: 26081145 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stress is considered a risk factor for several human disorders. Despite the broad knowledge of stress responses in mammals, data on the relationship between unpredictable chronic stress (UCS) and its effects on purinergic signaling are limited. ATP hydrolysis by ectonucleotidases is an important source of adenosine, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) contributes to the control of the nucleoside concentrations. Considering that some stress models could affect signaling systems, the objective of this study was to investigate whether UCS alters ectonucleotidase and ADA pathway in zebrafish brain. Additionally, we analyzed ATP metabolism as well as ada1, ada2.1, ada2.2, adaL, and adaasi gene expression in zebrafish brain. Our results have demonstrated that UCS did not alter ectonucleotidase and soluble ADA activities. However, ecto-ADA activity was significantly decreased (26.8%) in brain membranes of animals exposed to UCS when compared to the control group. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) analysis did not show significant changes on ADA gene expression after the UCS exposure. The brain ATP metabolism showed a marked increase in adenosine levels (ADO) in animals exposed to UCS. These data suggest an increase on extracellular adenosine levels in zebrafish brain. Since this nucleoside has neuromodulatory and anxiolytic effects, changes in adenosine levels could play a role in counteracting the stress, which could be related to a compensatory mechanism in order to restore the homeostasis.
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