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Knott-Torcal C, de la Blanca NS, Serrano-Somavilla A, Hernández RM, Sampedro-Núñez M, Ruiz-Rosso B, Jiménez-Blanco S, González-Amaro R, González-Baranda L, Garcimartin A, Marazuela M. Quantitative analysis of Tr1 lymphocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:1447-1455. [PMID: 38183564 PMCID: PMC11142976 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02250-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is usually accompanied by a low-grade inflammatory phenomenon, which participates in the pathogenesis of different complications of this condition. The inflammatory response is under the regulation of different mechanisms, including T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes. However, the possible role of type 1 T regulatory (Tr1) cells in T2DM has not been explored so far. AIM To carry out a quantitative analysis of Tr1 lymphocytes and other immune cell subsets in patients with T2DM and correlate these results with clinical findings and treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty patients with T2DM and twenty-three healthy controls were included in the study. Biochemical and anthropometric variables were evaluated, and Tr1 lymphocytes (CD4+CD49+LAG-3+IL-10+) and other cell subsets (Th17, Th22 and Foxp3 + Treg cells) were analyzed in peripheral blood samples by multiparametric flow cytometry. RESULTS Significant increased levels of Tr1 cells were detected in patients with severe and mild disease, compared to healthy controls. In addition, CD4+IL-10+ lymphocytes were also increased in patients with T2DM. In contrast, similar levels of Foxp3+ Treg cells, Th17 and Th22 lymphocytes were observed in patients and controls. Likewise, no significant associations were detected between Tr1 cell levels and different clinical and laboratory parameters. However, those patients receiving glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RA) showed similar levels of Tr1 cells than healthy controls, and significant lower numbers than untreated patients. CONCLUSION We observed an increase in Tr1 and CD4+IL10+ lymphocyte levels in T2DM. Moreover, GLP1-RA treatment was significantly associated with normalization of the Tr1 levels. This highlights another potential immune dysfunction in patients with T2DM, which could participate in the pathogenesis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Knott-Torcal
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Séneca, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - N S de la Blanca
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Serrano-Somavilla
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - R M Hernández
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Sampedro-Núñez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Ruiz-Rosso
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Séneca, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Jiménez-Blanco
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - R González-Amaro
- Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - L González-Baranda
- Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - A Garcimartin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Séneca, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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Dungu AM, Lundgaard AT, Ryrsø CK, Hegelund MH, Jensen AV, Kristensen PL, Krogh-Madsen R, Faurholt-Jepsen D, Ostrowski SR, Banasik K, Lindegaard B. Inflammatory and endothelial host responses in community-acquired pneumonia: exploring the relationships with HbA1c, admission plasma glucose, and glycaemic gap-a cross-sectional study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1372300. [PMID: 38840922 PMCID: PMC11150596 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetes is associated with dysregulated immune function and impaired cytokine release, while transient acute hyperglycaemia has been shown to enhance inflammatory cytokine release in preclinical studies. Although diabetes and acute hyperglycaemia are common among patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), the impact of chronic, acute, and acute-on-chronic hyperglycaemia on the host response within this population remains poorly understood. This study investigated whether chronic, acute, and acute-on- chronic hyperglycaemia are associated with distinct mediators of inflammatory, endothelial, and angiogenic host response pathways in patients with CAP. Methods In a cross-sectional study of 555 patients with CAP, HbA1c, admission plasma (p)-glucose, and the glycaemic gap (admission p-glucose minus HbA1c- derived average p-glucose) were employed as measures of chronic, acute, and acute-on-chronic hyperglycaemia, respectively. Linear regression was used to model the associations between the hyperglycaemia measures and 47 proteins involved in inflammation, endothelial activation, and angiogenesis measured at admission. The models were adjusted for age, sex, CAP severity, pathogen, immunosuppression, comorbidity, and body mass index. Adjustments for multiple testing were performed with a false discovery rate threshold of less than 0.05. Results The analyses showed that HbA1c levels were positively associated with IL-8, IL-15, IL-17A/F, IL-1RA, sFlt-1, and VEGF-C. Admission plasma glucose was also positively associated with these proteins and GM-CSF. The glycaemic gap was positively associated with IL-8, IL-15, IL-17A/F, IL-2, and VEGF-C. Conclusion In conclusion, chronic, acute, and acute-on-chronic hyperglycaemia were positively associated with similar host response mediators. Furthermore, acute and acute-on-chronic hyperglycaemia had unique associations with the inflammatory pathways involving GM-CSF and IL-2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Matovu Dungu
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hilleroed, Denmark
| | - Agnete Troen Lundgaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Koch Ryrsø
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hilleroed, Denmark
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Hein Hegelund
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hilleroed, Denmark
| | - Andreas Vestergaard Jensen
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hilleroed, Denmark
| | - Peter Lommer Kristensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hilleroed, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Krogh-Madsen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital – Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Daniel Faurholt-Jepsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Lindegaard
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hilleroed, Denmark
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Yuan S, He W, Liu B, Liu Z. Research Progress on the Weak Immune Response to the COVID-19 Vaccine in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Viral Immunol 2024; 37:79-88. [PMID: 38498797 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is generally susceptible to the population, highly infectious, rapidly transmitted, and highly fatal. There is a lack of specific drugs against the virus at present and vaccination is the most effective strategy to prevent infection. However, studies have found that some groups, particularly patients with diabetes, show varying degrees of weak immune reactivity to various COVID-19 vaccines, resulting in poor preventive efficacy against the novel coronavirus in patients with diabetes. Therefore, in this study, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who had weak immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine in recent years were analyzed. This article reviews the phenomenon, preliminary mechanism, and related factors affecting weak vaccine response in patients with T2DM, which is expected to help in the development of new vaccines for high-risk groups for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wenwen He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhuoran Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Cui H, Wang N, Li H, Bian Y, Wen W, Kong X, Wang F. The dynamic shifts of IL-10-producing Th17 and IL-17-producing Treg in health and disease: a crosstalk between ancient "Yin-Yang" theory and modern immunology. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:99. [PMID: 38317142 PMCID: PMC10845554 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The changes in T regulatory cell (Treg) and T helper cell (Th) 17 ratios holds paramount importance in ensuring internal homeostasis and disease progression. Recently, novel subsets of Treg and Th17, namely IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 have been identified. IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 are widely considered as the intermediates during Treg/Th17 transformation. These "bi-functional" cells exhibit plasticity and have been demonstrated with important roles in multiple physiological functions and disease processes. Yin and Yang represent opposing aspects of phenomena according to the ancient Chinese philosophy "Yin-Yang" theory. Furthermore, Yin can transform into Yang, and vice versa, under specific conditions. This theory has been widely used to describe the contrasting functions of immune cells and molecules. Therefore, immune-activating populations (Th17, M1 macrophage, etc.) and immune overreaction (inflammation, autoimmunity) can be considered Yang, while immunosuppressive populations (Treg, M2 macrophage, etc.) and immunosuppression (tumor, immunodeficiency) can be considered Yin. However, another important connotation of "Yin-Yang" theory, the conversion between Yin and Yang, has been rarely documented in immune studies. The discovery of IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 enriches the meaning of "Yin-Yang" theory and further promotes the relationship between ancient "Yin-Yang" theory and modern immunology. Besides, illustrating the functions of IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 and mechanisms governing their differentiation provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the dynamically changing statement of immune statement in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huantian Cui
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ning Wang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hanzhou Li
- College of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yuhong Bian
- College of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Weibo Wen
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Xiangying Kong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Fudi Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Andriankaja OM, Adatorwovor R, Kantarci A, Hasturk H, Shaddox L, Levine MA. Periodontal Disease, Local and Systemic Inflammation in Puerto Ricans with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2770. [PMID: 37893143 PMCID: PMC10604368 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is prevalent in type 2 diabetic condition (T2DM). OBJECTIVES We assessed the associations between serum or gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) endothelial and inflammatory mediators and chronic PD among T2DM Hispanic adults. METHODS We enrolled 248 Puerto Rican residents with T2DM aged 40-65 years. The exposures included serum inflammatory mediators (IL-1b, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α), endothelial adhesion molecules, RANKL levels, and the GCF content of these analytes from a subset of 158 samples. The outcomes included the percent of sites with a probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 4 mm and clinical attachment loss ≥ 4 mm. Adjusted logistic regression models were fit to the categorized outcomes. RESULTS Increased serum IL-10 (Adj. OR: 1.10, p = 0.04), sICAM-1 (Adj. OR: 1.01; p = 0.06), and elevated serum IL-1β (Adj. OR: 1.93; p = 0.06) were statistically significant or close to being significantly associated with a percent of sites with PPD ≥ 4 mm. An increase in GCF IL-1α (Adj. OR: 1.16; p < 0.01) and IL-1β (Adj: 2.40; p = 0.02) was associated with periodontal parameters. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that oral and systemic endothelial and inflammatory mediators are associated with periodontal clinical parameters among Hispanic adults with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oelisoa M. Andriankaja
- Center for Oral Health Research (COHR), University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Reuben Adatorwovor
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | | | - Hatice Hasturk
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
| | - Luciana Shaddox
- Center for Oral Health Research (COHR), University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Michael A. Levine
- Center for Bone Health, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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Naoun AA, Raphael I, Forsthuber TG. Immunoregulation via Cell Density and Quorum Sensing-like Mechanisms: An Underexplored Emerging Field with Potential Translational Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152442. [PMID: 35954285 PMCID: PMC9368058 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) was historically described as a mechanism by which bacteria detect and optimize their population density via gene regulation based on dynamic environmental cues. Recently, it was proposed that QS or similar mechanisms may have broader applications across different species and cell types. Indeed, emerging evidence shows that the mammalian immune system can also elicit coordinated responses on a population level to regulate cell density and function, thus suggesting that QS-like mechanisms may also be a beneficial trait of the immune system. In this review, we explore and discuss potential QS-like mechanisms deployed by the immune system to coordinate cellular-level responses, such as T cell responses mediated via the common gamma chain (γc) receptor cytokines and the aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs). We present evidence regarding a novel role of QS as a multifunctional mechanism coordinating CD4+ and CD8+ T cell behavior during steady state and in response to infection, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Successful clinical therapies such as adoptive cell transfer for cancer treatment may be re-evaluated to harness the effects of the QS mechanism(s) and enhance treatment responsiveness. Moreover, we discuss how signaling threshold perturbations through QS-like mediators may result in disturbances of the complex crosstalk between immune cell populations, undesired T cell responses, and induction of autoimmune pathology. Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic role of modulating immune-system-related QS as a promising avenue to treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian A. Naoun
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Itay Raphael
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15217, USA
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (T.G.F.)
| | - Thomas G. Forsthuber
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (T.G.F.)
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