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Han L, Yan J, Li T, Shen P, Ba X, Lin W, Zhang R, Yang Y, Li Y, Li C, Huang Y, Qin K, Liu Y, Huang H, Zou L, Wang Y, Chen Z, Huang Y, Tu S. Wutou decoction alleviates arthritis inflammation in CIA mice by regulating Treg cell stability and Treg/Th17 balance via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118463. [PMID: 38908493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Wutou Decoction (WTD) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine formula, which has shown clinical efficacy in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The Treg stability and Th17/Treg imbalance is an important immunological mechanism in RA progression. Whether WTD regulates CD4+ T cell subsets has not been thoroughly investigated yet. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the potential role and mechanisms of WTD in regulating the diminished stability of Treg cells and the imbalance of CD4+ T cell subsets via in vivo and in vitro experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, the therapeutic effects of WTD on the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse and its potential regulatory function on CD4+ T cell subsets were evaluated in vivo. Animal specimens were collected after 31 days of treatment with WTD. The anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory effects of WTD were assessed through arthritis scoring, body weight, spleen index, serum IL-6 levels, and micro-PET/CT imaging. Gene enrichment analysis was performed to evaluate the activation T cell-related signaling pathway. Flow cytometry was used to determine the proportions of CD4+ T cell subsets in vitro and in vitro. Additionally, ELISA was used to assess the secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β by Treg cells under inflammatory conditions. The suppressive function of Treg cells on cell proliferation under inflammatory conditions was examined using CFSE labeling. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the phosphorylation levels of STAT3 in CD4+ T cells from mouse spleen tissues. Western blotting was used to evaluate the phosphorylation levels of JAK2/STAT3 in Treg cells. RESULTS WTD significantly alleviated joint inflammation in CIA mice. WTD reduced serum IL-6 levels in CIA mice, improved their body weight and spleen index. WTD treatment inhibited the activation of CD4+ T cell subgroup-related signaling in the joint tissues of CIA mice. In vitro and in vitro experiments showed that WTD increased the proportion of Treg cells and decreased the proportion of Th17 cells in CIA mice spleen. Furthermore, WTD promoted the secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β by Treg cells and enhanced the inhibitory capacity of Treg cells on cell proliferation under inflammatory conditions. Immunofluorescence detected decreased STAT3 phosphorylation levels in CD4+ T cells from CIA mice spleen, while western blotting revealed a decrease in JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation levels in Treg cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation is a potential mechanism through which WTD improves Treg cell stability, balances CD4+ T cell subsets, and attenuates RA joint inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Han
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Yan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Shen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Ba
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiji Lin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiyuan Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuyao Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chennan Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Qin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, Jingmen People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Department of Rheumatology, Jingmen People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shenghao Tu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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He C, Zhou J, Zhang W, Zhang T, Pu Y. Study on the bioactive components of Banxia Xiexin Decoction with different decocting methods and its effects on ulcerative colitis rats from the perspective of phase states. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 335:118626. [PMID: 39053716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Banxia Xiexin Decoction (BXD) is one of the seven classic prescriptions of the special decoction method (SDM) of "removing dregs and decocting again", which has been widely used in inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the impacts of SDM have not been fully investigated, either on the components or on the biological effects. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the rational of SDM traditionally recorded about BXD, re-decoction after dreg-removal, by comparing with the contemporary general decoction method (GDM) from the perspective of phase states, in the bioactive components from the perspective of phase states, and their corresponding pharmacodynamic effects on a particular UC rat model. METHODS The BXD decoctions were respectively obtained by SDM and GDM, together with the different samples with different decocting time. The phase state samples (true solution, colloidal phase, and precipitated phase), were also obtained after a series of separation process and characterized. The multi-components in the in-process decoctions, original decoctions and phase state samples were quantitatively determined. HPLC fingerprint spectrum of the samples were also detected and compared with chemometrics analysis. A rat model of ulcerative colitis with cold-heat complex syndrome was established, on which the pharmacodynamic effects of different phases of SDM-made BXD were investigated. RESULTS The results showed that the contents of eight marker components in SDM-made decoction were significantly higher than those in GDM-made decoction. Compared with the precipitated phases and true solutions, the colloidal phase was confirmed to obtain absolutely higher contents of the components (except berberine). The analysis on HPLC fingerprints also revealed that the profiles of colloidal phase showed the majority of the characteristics of original decoctions, when compared with the other phases. The results showed the BXD group, precipitated phase group and colloidal phase group had certain therapeutic effects on the ulcerative colitis rats with cold-heat complex syndrome, among which the original decoction group showed optimal effects, followed by the colloidal phase. CONCLUSION The study has provided the experimental evidence of the bioactive components and pharmacodynamic effects on the rational of SDM, as originally recorded about the classic prescription, which might provide useful idea for the interpretation on medicinal properties of TCM compound prescriptions, and contemporary TCM innovative drug developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yiqiong Pu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Ke W, Wu J, Li H, Huang S, Li H, Wang Y, Wu Y, Yuan J, Zhang S, Tang H, Lei K. Network pharmacology and experimental validation to explore the mechanism of Changji'an formula against irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33102. [PMID: 39005919 PMCID: PMC11239594 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Changji'an Formula (CJAF) is a Chinese herbal compound, which is effective against irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea (IBS-D) in clinic. However, the molecular mechanism has not been well defined. In the current study, the potential targets and signaling pathways of CJAF against IBS-D were predicted using network pharmacology analysis. The pharmacological mechanisms of CJAF against IBS-D and the potential mechanism were validated by using an IBS-D mouse model induced by enema with trinitrobenzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS) plus with restraint stress and further intervened with CJAF. A total of 232 active compounds of CJAF were obtained, a total of 397 potential targets for the active ingredients were retrieved and a total of 219 common targets were obtained as the potential targets of CJAF against IBS-D. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that multiple targets were enriched and could be experimentally validated in a mouse model of IBS-D. The mechanisms were mainly converged on the immune and inflammatory pathways, especially the NF-κB, TNF and IL-17 signaling pathway, which were closely involved in the treatment of CJAF against IBS-D. Animal experiment showed that CJAF alleviated visceral hypersensitivity and diarrhea symptom of IBS-D. CJAF also restored the histological and ultrastructure damage of IBS-D. The result of Western blot showed that CJAF upregulated colonic tight junction proteins of ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1. Further results demonstrated that CJAF inhibited the protein expression of NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway targets and downregulated proinflammatory mediators of IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α. In conclusion, CJAF could effectively reduce inflammatory response and alleviate visceral hypersensitivity as well as diarrhea symptom of IBS-D by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. This study not only reveals the mechanism of CJAF against IBS-D, but also provides a novel therapeutic strategy for IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ke
- Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinjun Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongbin Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Huibiao Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongfu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yingxiu Wu
- Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuncong Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongmei Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaijun Lei
- Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
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Luo Y, Fu S, Liu Y, Kong S, Liao Q, Lin L, Li H. Banxia Xiexin decoction modulates gut microbiota and gut microbiota metabolism to alleviate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117990. [PMID: 38423412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Banxia Xiexin decoction (BXD) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine prescription for treating ulcerative colitis (UC). However, its potential mechanism of action is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY Reveal the correlation between the beneficial impacts of BXD on UC and the composition of the gut microbiota. MATERIALS AND METHODS The major constituents of BXD were identified using the HPLC-DAD technique. An experimental model of UC was induced in male C57BL/6 mice by administering dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). A total of 48 mice were divided into different groups, including control, model, high-dose BXD treatment, medium-dose BXD treatment, low-dose BXD treatment, and a group treated with 5-amino acid salicylic acid (5-ASA). Body weight changes and disease activity index (DAI) scores were documented; colon length, colon index, spleen index, and thymus index scores were determined; myeloperoxidase (MPO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) activities were assessed; and histological staining with hematoxylin-eosin and alcian blue/phosphate Schiff was performed. The immunofluorescence technique was employed to examine the presence of ZO-1 and occludin in the colon tissue. 16S rRNA sequencing was employed to assess the gut microbiota's diversity and metabolomics was utilized to examine alterations in metabolites within the gut microbiota. The impact of BXD on the gut microbiota was confirmed through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). RESULTS BXD exhibited a positive impact on UC mice, particularly in the high-dose BXD treatment group. The BXD group experienced weight recovery, decreased DAI scores, improved colon length, and restored of spleen and thymus index scores compared to the DSS group. Additionally, BXD alleviated colon damage and the inflammatory response while restoring intestinal barrier function. FMT in BXD-treated mice also showed therapeutic effects in UC mice. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Desulfobacterota, Deferribacterota and Actinobacteriota increased; at the genus level, g__norank__f__Muribaculaceae, Dubosiella, Akkermansia, and Lactobacillus increased, whereas Faecalibaculum, Alloprevotella, Turicibacter, and g_Paraprevotella decreased. g__norank_f__Muribaculaceae was positively correlated with body weight and colon length and negatively with colon index scores, splenic index scores, and MPO levels; Alloprevotella was positively correlated with splenic index scores, histological scores, and TNF-α levels and negatively with thymus index scores and thymus index scores. Faecalibaculum was positively correlated with colon index scores and MPO levels. Metabolic investigations revealed 58 potential indicators, primarily associated with the metabolism of amino acids, purines, and lipids. Alloprevotella, g_Paraprevotella, and Bifidobacterium were strongly associated with metabolic pathways. CONCLUSION BXD showed beneficial therapeutic effects in UC mice. The mechanism may be by promoting the balance and variety of gut microbiota, as well as regulating the metabolism of amino acids, purines, and lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Luo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Sai Fu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Yuling Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Shasha Kong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Qian Liao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Longfei Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Industry, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanchang, 330000, China; Jiangxi Health Industry Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330000, China.
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Chen X, Bao S, Liu M, Han Z, Tan J, Zhu Q, Huang X, Tian X. Inhibition of HMGB1 improves experimental mice colitis by mediating NETs and macrophage polarization. Cytokine 2024; 176:156537. [PMID: 38325140 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is listed by the World Health Organization as one of the modern intractable diseases. High mobility histone box 1 (HMGB1), originally described as a non-histone nucleoprotein involved in transcriptional regulation, was later identified as a pro-inflammatory cytokine that may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as IBD. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play an important role in the pathophysiology of IBD The aim of this study was to investigate the role of HMGB1 in experimental colitis mice and its potential mechanisms of action. METHODS We first constructed the experimental colitis mouse model. Intervention of mice by rhHMGB1 supplementation or HMGB1 inhibition. The pathological morphology of the colon was observed using HE staining. Apoptosis of colonic tissue intestinal epithelial cells was evaluated using Tunel assay. The expression of HMGB1, ZO-1 and occludin in colon tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry, ELISA and western-blot. We also assessed the effects of HMGB1 on colonic injury, NETs content, macrophage polarization and inflammatory cells in mice. The regulatory effect of HMGB1 inhibition on NETs was assessed by combining DNase I. RESULTS Inhibition of HMGB1 significantly reduced the inflammatory model in experimental colitis mice, as evidenced by reduced body weight, increased colonic length, reduced DAI scores and apoptosis, reduced inflammatory response, and improved colonic histopathological morphology and intestinal mucosal barrier function. Meanwhile, inhibition of HMGB1 was able to reduce the expression of CD86, citH3 and MPO and increase the expression of CD206 in the colonic tissue of mice. In addition, DNase I intervention was also able to improve colonic inflammation in mice. And the best effect was observed when DNase I and inhibition of HMGB1 were intervened together. CONCLUSION Inhibition of HMGB1 ameliorates IBD by mediating NETs and macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), China
| | - SaChuLa Bao
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), China
| | - Zheng Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), China
| | - Jie Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), China
| | - Qingxi Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), China
| | - Xia Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), China.
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Zendejas-Hernandez U, Alcántara-Martínez N, Vivar DT, Valenzuela F, Sosa Espinoza A, Cervera Ceballos EE. Nebulized glycyrrhizin/enoxolone drug modulates IL-17A in COVID-19 patients: a randomized clinical trial. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1282280. [PMID: 38283346 PMCID: PMC10811189 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1282280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glycyrrhizin (GA) and its derivative Enoxolone (18β), isolated from the Glycyrrhiza glabra plant, are two potential molecules for treating viral diseases. Both demonstrate to regulate immune system with antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities, with the latter mainly due to modulation of inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a nebulized GA/18β drug for treating COVID-19 patients. Methods An open label, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in Mexico City from January-August 2022 (Registration No. PROTAP-CLI-00). Clinical and biochemical parameters were recorded. Blood samples from patients were regularly collected to evaluate interleukins IL-4, IL-2, IL-1b, TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-6, IL-10,IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-8 and TGF-β1, as well as IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2. Two doses of the drug were used - 30/2 mg (dose A) and 90/4 mg (dose B). Results and discussion Both GA/18β doses modulated inflammatory response by reducing mainly IL-17A expression, which in turn kept IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α interleukins unchanged, indicating significant modulation of key interleukin levels to prevent exacerbation of the immune response in COVID-19 patients. Early on, dose A increased IgM, while dose B induced expression of the antiviral IFN-γ. No severe side effects were seen with either dose, indicating nebulized GA/18β is a safe treatment that could be used for COVID-19 and potentially other viral infections involving inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nemi Alcántara-Martínez
- Research Department, SPV TIMSER, S.A.P.I. de C.V., Mexico City, Mexico
- Science Faculty, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Tovar Vivar
- Research and Development Department, Columbia Laboratories, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fermín Valenzuela
- Research Department, SPV TIMSER, S.A.P.I. de C.V., Mexico City, Mexico
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Ali Mohammed S, Elbaramawy A, Hassan Abd-Allah S, Elkholy A, Ibrahim Elsayed N, Hussein S. Therapeutic potentials of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23532. [PMID: 37676835 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) have strong pro-inflammatory activities that are involved in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is considered a promising treatment for IBD. This study was performed to understand the role of rat Nlrp3 inflammasome, Hmgb1, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-17a) in the pathogenesis of IBD. Also, to evaluate the role of human umbilical cord blood-MSCs (hUCB-MSCs) in the management of IBD. The rats were in four groups: normal controls, indomethacin-induced IBD group, indomethacin-induced IBD rats that received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and the IBD group that received hUCB-MSCs as a treatment. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of rat Nlrp3, Hmgb1, IL-1β, and IL-17a were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Histopathological examination of the small intestinal tissues of the studied rats was performed. There was a significant upregulation of the rat Nlrp3, IL-1β, IL-17a mRNA expression (p < 0.001 for the three parameters), and Hmgb1 (p < 0.05) in the untreated IBD group compared to the normal control group. In the MSC-treated group, IL-1β, IL-17a, and rat Nlrp3 mRNA expression significantly decreased compared to both the untreated IBD group and PBS group (p < 0.05 for all). hUCB-MSCs ameliorated IBD in rats by downregulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-17a) and other inflammatory mediators such as Hmgb1 and rat Nlrp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzan Ali Mohammed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Azza Elbaramawy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Somia Hassan Abd-Allah
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Adel Elkholy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Nashwa Ibrahim Elsayed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Samia Hussein
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Yang H, Ma D, Li Q, Zhou W, Chen H, Shan X, Zheng H, Luo C, Ou Z, Xu J, Wang C, Zhao L, Su R, Chen Y, Liu Q, Tan X, Lin L, Jiang T, Zhang F. Real-World Study on Chai-Shi-Jie-Du Granules for the Treatment of Dengue Fever and the Possible Mechanisms Based on Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:9942842. [PMID: 37680700 PMCID: PMC10482559 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9942842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a widely used method for treating dengue fever in China. TCM improves the symptoms of patients with dengue, but there is no standard TCM prescription for dengue fever. This real-world study aimed to evaluate the effects of Chai-Shi-Jie-Du (CSJD) granules for the treatment of dengue fever and the underlying mechanisms. Methods We implemented a multicenter real-world study, an in vitro assay and network pharmacology analysis. Patients from 5 hospitals in mainland China who received supportive western treatment in the absence or presence of CSJD were assigned to the control and CSJD groups between 1 August and 31 December 2019. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to correct for biases between groups. The clinical data were compared and analyzed. The antidengue virus activity of CSJD was tested in Syrian baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells using the DENV2-NGC strain. Network pharmacological approaches along with active compound screening, target prediction, and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were used to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results 137 pairs of patients were successfully matched according to age, sex, and the time from onset to presentation. The time to defervescence (1.7 days vs. 2.5 days, P < 0.05) and the disease course (4.1 days vs. 6.1 days, P < 0.05) were significantly shorter in the CSJD group than those in the control group. CSJD showed no anti-DENV2-NGC virus activity in BHK cells. Network pharmacology analysis revealed 108 potential therapeutic targets, and the top GO and KEGG terms were related to immunity, oxidative stress response, and the response to lipopolysaccharide. Conclusions CSJD granules exhibit high potential for the treatment of dengue fever, and the therapeutic mechanisms involved could be related to regulating immunity, moderating the oxidative stress response, and the response to lipopolysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Yang
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, Guangdong, China
| | - Dehong Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The People's Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Nationality Autonomous Prefecture, Xishuangbanna 666100, Yunnan, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Hongyi Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Ninth Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330002, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiyun Shan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The People's Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Nationality Autonomous Prefecture, Xishuangbanna 666100, Yunnan, China
| | - Haipeng Zheng
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyue Ou
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, Guangdong, China
| | - Jielan Xu
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, Guangdong, China
| | - Changtai Wang
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingzhai Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Su
- Scientific Research Department, Capital Medical University Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Yuehong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing100071, China
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Scientific Research Department, Capital Medical University Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Xinghua Tan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, Guangdong, China
| | - Luping Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing100071, China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, Guangdong, China
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9
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Niu Y, Zhang J, Shi D, Zang W, Niu J. Glycosides as Potential Medicinal Components for Ulcerative Colitis: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5210. [PMID: 37446872 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, non-specific disease of unknown etiology. The disease develops mainly in the rectum or colon, and the main clinical symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and purulent bloody stools, with a wide variation in severity. The specific causative factors and pathogenesis of the disease are not yet clear, but most scholars believe that the disease is caused by the interaction of genetic, environmental, infectious, immune, and intestinal flora factors. As for the treatment of UC, medications are commonly used in clinical practice, mainly including aminosalicylates, glucocorticoids, and immunosuppressive drugs. However, due to the many complications associated with conventional drug therapy and the tendency for UC to recur, there is an urgent need to discover new, safer, and more effective drugs. Natural compounds with biodiversity and chemical structure diversity from medicinal plants are the most reliable source for the development of new drug precursors. Evidence suggests that glycosides may reduce the development and progression of UC by modulating anti-inflammatory responses, inhibiting oxidative stress, suppressing abnormal immune responses, and regulating signal transduction. In this manuscript, we provide a review of the epidemiology of UC and the available drugs for disease prevention and treatment. In addition, we demonstrate the protective or therapeutic role of glycosides in UC and describe the possible mechanisms of action to provide a theoretical basis for preclinical studies in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Niu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dianhua Shi
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Weibiao Zang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jianguo Niu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang B, Lu M, Ma J, Liu Z, Huang J, Ma J, Yang X, Wang F, Tang X. Modified Gegen Qinlian decoction ameliorated ulcerative colitis by attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress and enhancing intestinal barrier function in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116538. [PMID: 37086872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Modified Gegen Qinlian decoction (MGQD), which was first documented in Treatise on Febrile Disease, is recognized as a classic prescription to treat ulcerative colitis (UC). However, its protective mechanism against UC remains to be fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the impact and the potential molecular mechanism of MGQD on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC mice and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced Caco-2 cell monolayer model of intestinal barrier. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical components of MGQD and MGQD drug containing serum (MGQD-DS) were characterized by LC-MS/MS. The therapeutic effect of MGQD on DSS-induced UC was evaluated based on body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, colonic histopathological injury, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress response and intestinal barrier function. Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 assay was applied to detect the effect of MGQD-DS on the viability of Caco-2 cells. Additionally, TNF-α-induced Caco-2 cell monolayer model of intestinal barrier was established in vitro. The Caco-2 cell monolayers were administered blank serum or MGQD-DS to observe the effects of MGQD-DS on transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress indicators and intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB). RESULTS MGQD significantly improved symptoms and pathological damage in UC mice by downregulating the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and malondialdehyde (MDA), attenuating the loss of goblet cells and the destruction of intestinal epithelial ultrastructure, and upregulating the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), Occludin, Claudin-1 and E-cadherin. In vitro, MGQD-DS significantly reduced the flux of FITC-dextran, increased the TEER, inhibited the expression of IL-21, IL-17A and MDA, and promoted the expression of IL-4, IL-10, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), SOD, CAT, GSH, Occludin and E-cadherin in TNF-α-induced Caco-2 cell monolayer model of intestinal barrier. CONCLUSION MGQD can ameliorate DSS-induced UC mice and TNF-α-induced Caco-2 cell monolayer model of intestinal barrier, and the protective effect is related to its inhibition of inflammation, alleviation of oxidative stress, and repair of intestinal barrier damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Beijing, 100191, China; Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Beihua Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Mengxiong Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Beijing, 100191, China; Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Beijing, 100191, China; Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jinke Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jinxin Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Beijing, 100191, China; Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xuefei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Beijing, 100191, China; Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Xudong Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Beijing, 100191, China; Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
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11
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Qi X, Li J, Luo P. Glycyrrhizin for treatment of CRS caused by CAR T-cell therapy: A pharmacological perspective. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1134174. [PMID: 36923358 PMCID: PMC10009180 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1134174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T)-cell therapy promises to revolutionize the management of hematologic malignancies and possibly other tumors. However, the main side effect of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a great challenge for its clinical application. Currently, treatment of CRS caused by CAR T-cell therapy is limited to tocilizumab (TCZ) and corticosteroids in clinical guidelines. However, the theoretical risks of these two agents may curb clinicians' enthusiasm for their application, and the optimal treatment is still debated. CAR T-cell therapy induced-CRS treatment is a current research focus. Glycyrrhizin, which has diverse pharmacological effects, good tolerance, and affordability, is an ideal therapeutic alternative for CRS. It can also overcome the shortcoming of TCZ and corticosteroids. In this brief article, we discuss the therapeutic potential of glycyrrhizin for treating CRS caused by CAR T-cell therapy from the perspective of its pharmacological action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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12
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Lu PD, Yuan MC, Quan XP, Chen JF, Zhao YH. Preclinical studies of licorice in ulcerative colitis: A systematic review with meta-analysis and network pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115444. [PMID: 35671864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Licorice, as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, possessing the efficacies of invigorating spleen and replenishing qi, heat-clearing and detoxicating, phlegm-resolving and cough suppressant, relieving spasm and pain, and hamonizing actions of various medicines. AIM OF THE STUDY The goal of this systematic review, which includes meta-analysis and network pharmacology in preclinical studies, is to investigate the multiple efficacies of licorice on ulcerative colitis (UC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched several databases, e.g., Web of Science, Elsevier ScienceDirect and PubMed until Januanry 2022 for literature collection, and the Review Manager 5.3 was used to analyze the data. To synthesize the retrieved data, the fixed and random-effects models were utilized, respectively, and network pharmacology was applied to confirm the mechanisms. RESULTS Based on the result of meta-analysis, it suggested that the treatments of licorice extract and its active compounds showed strong therpeutic effects, which not only reflected the declining histological score, a index of the colitis severity [SMD = -2.86, 95% CI (-3.65, -2.08); P < 0.00001], but also reversed colonic shortness [WMD = 1.67, 95% CI (1.16, 2.19); P < 0.00001] between experimental UC model and licorice-treatment groups. In addition, it suggested the significant reduction of TNF-α level [SMD = -2.70, 95% CI (-3.23, -2.16); P < 0.00001], which acted as a crucial role in inflammatory response. Furthermore, from the results of network pharmacology, it indicated that anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, immunomodulatory effect and microbiota homeostasis were the predominant therapeutic mechanisms of licorice extract and its active compounds treating UC. CONCLUSION This systematic review with meta-analysis and network pharmacology demonstrates an efficient role of licorice extract and its active compounds in preclinical studies of UC, which provides supporting evidence for clinical trial implementation. However, there exist some limitations, such as technique quality decificency, missed reports due to negative outcome, failure to calculate sample size, and the risk of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-De Lu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China.
| | - Meng-Chen Yuan
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xing-Ping Quan
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jin-Fen Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yong-Hua Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China.
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13
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Lazarczyk M, Duda K, Mickael ME, AK O, Paszkiewicz J, Kowalczyk A, Horbańczuk JO, Sacharczuk M. Adera2.0: A Drug Repurposing Workflow for Neuroimmunological Investigations Using Neural Networks. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196453. [PMID: 36234990 PMCID: PMC9571571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drug repurposing in the context of neuroimmunological (NI) investigations is still in its primary stages. Drug repurposing is an important method that bypasses lengthy drug discovery procedures and focuses on discovering new usages for known medications. Neuroimmunological diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, and depression, include various pathologies that result from the interaction between the central nervous system and the immune system. However, the repurposing of NI medications is hindered by the vast amount of information that needs mining. We previously presented Adera1.0, which was capable of text mining PubMed for answering query-based questions. However, Adera1.0 was not able to automatically identify chemical compounds within relevant sentences. To challenge the need for repurposing known medications for neuroimmunological diseases, we built a deep neural network named Adera2.0 to perform drug repurposing. The workflow uses three deep learning networks. The first network is an encoder and its main task is to embed text into matrices. The second network uses a mean squared error (MSE) loss function to predict answers in the form of embedded matrices. The third network, which constitutes the main novelty in our updated workflow, also uses a MSE loss function. Its main usage is to extract compound names from relevant sentences resulting from the previous network. To optimize the network function, we compared eight different designs. We found that a deep neural network consisting of an RNN neural network and a leaky ReLU could achieve 0.0001 loss and 67% sensitivity. Additionally, we validated Adera2.0's ability to predict NI drug usage against the DRUG Repurposing Hub database. These results establish the ability of Adera2.0 to repurpose drug candidates that can shorten the development of the drug cycle. The workflow could be download online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Lazarczyk
- Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Kamila Duda
- Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michel Edwar Mickael
- Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
- PM Research Center, Väpnaregatan 22, 58649 Linköping, Sweden
- Correspondence: (M.E.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Onurhan AK
- Department of Sociology, Queen’s University at Kingston, 99 University Ave, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Justyna Paszkiewicz
- Department of Health, John Paul II University of Applied Sciences in Biala Podlaska, Sidorska 95/97, 21-500 Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kowalczyk
- Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Olav Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Mariusz Sacharczuk
- Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.E.M.); (M.S.)
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14
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Zhang S, Luo H, Tan D, Peng B, Zhong Z, Wang Y. Holism of Chinese herbal medicine prescriptions for inflammatory bowel disease: A review based on clinical evidence and experimental research. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154202. [PMID: 35665678 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease that causes a heavy burden and lacks effective treatments. Chinese herbal medicine prescriptions (CHMPs), which are characterized by a synergistic usage of herbs, are widely used in the management of IBD. The molecular mechanisms of action of CHMP are still ambiguous as the canonical "one-compound-one-target" approach has difficulty describing the dynamic bioreactions among CHMP objects. It seems more flexible to define the holism of CHMP for IBD by employing high-throughput analysis. However, studies that discuss the development of CHMP in treating IBD in a holistic view are still lacking. PURPOSE This review appraised preclinical and clinical research to fully describe the anti-IBD capacity of CHMPs and discussed CHMPs' holistic characteristics that can contribute to better management of IBD. METHODS & RESULTS We screened clinical and preclinical references of CHMP being used as treatments for IBD. We discussed the complexity of IBD and the development of CHMP to present the sophistication of CHMP treatments. To describe the clinical effectiveness of CHMPs against IBD, we performed an umbrella review of CHMP-associated META analyses, in which 1174 records were filtered down to 12 references. Then, we discussed 14 kinds of CHMPs that had a long history of use and analyzed their mechanisms of action. Representative herbs were employed to provide a subordinate explanation for the whole prescription. As holism is the dominant characteristic of CHMPs, we explored applications of CHMPs for IBD with the help of omics, gut microbiome, and network pharmacology, which are potential approaches to a dynamic figure of bioactions of CHMPs. CONCLUSION This review is the first to discuss the potential of CHMPs to manage IBD in a holistic context and will provide inspiring explanations for CHMP applications for further product transformation and application to other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Dechao Tan
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China.
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15
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Vitale S, Colanero S, Placidi M, Di Emidio G, Tatone C, Amicarelli F, D’Alessandro AM. Phytochemistry and Biological Activity of Medicinal Plants in Wound Healing: An Overview of Current Research. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113566. [PMID: 35684503 PMCID: PMC9182061 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complicated process, and the effective management of wounds is a major challenge. Natural herbal remedies have now become fundamental for the management of skin disorders and the treatment of skin infections due to the side effects of modern medicine and lower price for herbal products. The aim of the present study is to summarize the most recent in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies on major herbal preparations, their phytochemical constituents, and new formulations for wound management. Research reveals that several herbal medicaments have marked activity in the management of wounds and that this activity is ascribed to flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and phenolic compounds. These phytochemicals can act at different stages of the process by means of various mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, collagen synthesis stimulating, cell proliferation, and angiogenic effects. The application of natural compounds using nanotechnology systems may provide significant improvement in the efficacy of wound treatments. Increasing the clinical use of these therapies would require safety assessment in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Vitale
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.D.E.); (C.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Sara Colanero
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Martina Placidi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.D.E.); (C.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Giovanna Di Emidio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.D.E.); (C.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Carla Tatone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.D.E.); (C.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Fernanda Amicarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.D.E.); (C.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Anna Maria D’Alessandro
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.D.E.); (C.T.); (F.A.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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The Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra)-Derived Compounds in Intestinal Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084121. [PMID: 35456938 PMCID: PMC9025446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and colorectal cancer (CRC), are a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Epidemiological data have shown that IBD patients are at an increased risk for the development of CRC. IBD-associated cancer develops against a background of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, and their products contribute to cancer development and progression. Therefore, the discovery of novel drugs for the treatment of intestinal diseases is urgently needed. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) has been largely used for thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine. Licorice and its derived compounds possess antiallergic, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects. These pharmacological properties aid in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss the pharmacological potential of bioactive compounds derived from Licorice and addresses their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We also discuss how the mechanisms of action in these compounds can influence their effectiveness and lead to therapeutic effects on intestinal disorders.
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17
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Renda G, Gökkaya İ, Şöhretoğlu D. Immunomodulatory properties of triterpenes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2022; 21:537-563. [PMID: 34812259 PMCID: PMC8600492 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-021-09785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is one of the main defence mechanisms of the human body. Inadequacy of this system or immunodeficiency results in increased risk of infections and tumours, whereas over-activation of the immune system causes allergic or autoimmune disorders. A well-balanced immune system is important for protection and for alleviation of these diseases. There is a growing interest to maintain a well-balanced immune system, especially after the Covid-19 pandemic. Many biological extracts, as well as natural products, have become popular due to their wide array of immunomodulatory effects and influence on the immune system. Triterpenes, one of the secondary metabolite groups of medicinal plants, exhibit immunomodulatory properties by various mechanisms. Different triterpenes, including components of commonly consumed plants, can promote some protection and alleviation of disease symptoms linked with immune responses and thus enhance overall well-being. This review aims to highlight the efficacy of triterpenes in light of the available literature evidence regarding the immunomodulatory properties of triterpenes. We have reviewed widely investigated immunomodulatory triterpenes; oleanolic acid, glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, pristimerin, ursolic acid, boswellic acid, celastrol, lupeol, betulin, betulinic acid, ganoderic acid, cucumarioside, and astragalosides which have important immunoregulatory properties. In spite of many preclinical and clinical trials were conducted on triterpenes related to their immunoregulatory actions, current studies have several limitations. Therefore, especially more clinical studies with optimal design is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülin Renda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61100 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - İçim Gökkaya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61100 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Didem Şöhretoğlu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara Turkey
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Assar DH, Elhabashi N, Mokhbatly AAA, Ragab AE, Elbialy ZI, Rizk SA, Albalawi AE, Althobaiti NA, Al Jaouni S, Atiba A. Wound healing potential of licorice extract in rat model: Antioxidants, histopathological, immunohistochemical and gene expression evidences. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112151. [PMID: 34507115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a public health concern. Licorice gained a great attention for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties which expand its valuable effects as a herbal medicine. In this study, we pointed out to the wound healing potential and the mechanism by which licorice alcoholic extract can modulate cutaneous wound healing through immune, antioxidant, histopathological, immunohistochemical (IHC) and molecular studies. 24 Wister rats were assigned into 3 groups (n = 8 each); control group, topical and oral supplied groups. Licorice extract administration significantly increased total and differential leucocyte counts, phagocytic activity of neutrophils, antioxidant biomarkers as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase activities (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content with a notable reduction in oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, histopathological findings detected complete re-epithelialization with increasing collagen synthesis while IHC results revealed a significant enhancement in the expression of α-SMA, PDGFR-α, FGFR1 and Cytokeratin 14 in licorice treated groups compared with the control group. Licorice extract supplementation accelerated wound healing by increasing angiogenesis and collagen deposition through up-regulation of bFGF, VEGF and TGF-β gene expression levels compared with the control group. UPLC-PDA-MS/MS aided to authenticate the studied Glycyrrihza species and recognized 101 potential constituents that may be responsible for licorice-exhibited potentials. Based on our observations we concluded that licorice enhanced cutaneous wound healing via its free radical-scavenging potential, potent antioxidant activities, and anti-inflammatory actions. Therefore, licorice could be used as a potential alternative therapy for wound injury which could overcome the associated limitations of modern therapeutic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa H Assar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Nagwan Elhabashi
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Abd-Allah A Mokhbatly
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Amany E Ragab
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Zizy I Elbialy
- Fish processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Sally A Rizk
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Aishah E Albalawi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47913, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Norah A Althobaiti
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities-Al Quwaiiyah, Shaqra University, Al Quwaiiyah 19247, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Soad Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Pediatric Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ayman Atiba
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
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Wang G, Hiramoto K, Ma N, Yoshikawa N, Ohnishi S, Murata M, Kawanishi S. Glycyrrhizin Attenuates Carcinogenesis by Inhibiting the Inflammatory Response in a Murine Model of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052609. [PMID: 33807620 PMCID: PMC7961658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhizin (GL), an important active ingredient of licorice root, which weakens the proinflammatory effects of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) by blocking HMGB1 signaling. In this study, we investigated whether GL could suppress inflammation and carcinogenesis in an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine model of colorectal cancer. ICR mice were divided into four groups (n = 5, each)—control group, GL group, colon cancer (CC) group, and GL-treated CC (CC + GL) group, and sacrificed after 20 weeks. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The colonic tissue samples were immunohistochemically stained with DNA damage markers (8-nitroguanine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxy-guanosine), inflammatory markers (COX-2 and HMGB1), and stem cell markers (YAP1 and SOX9). The average number of colonic tumors and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the CC + GL group were significantly lower than those in the CC group. The levels of all inflammatory and cancer markers were significantly reduced in the CC + GL group. These results suggest that GL inhibits the inflammatory response by binding HMGB1, thereby inhibiting DNA damage and cancer stem cell proliferation and dedifferentiation. In conclusion, GL significantly attenuates the pathogenesis of AOM/DSS-induced colorectal cancer by inhibiting HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifeng Wang
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan;
- Sakuranomori Shiroko Home, Social Service Elderly Facilities, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 513-0816, Japan
| | - Keiichi Hiramoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670, Japan; (K.H.); (S.O.)
| | - Ning Ma
- Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670, Japan;
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 510-0226, Japan
| | - Nobuji Yoshikawa
- Matsusaka R&D Center, Cokey Co., Ltd., Matsusaka, Mie 515-0041, Japan;
| | - Shiho Ohnishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670, Japan; (K.H.); (S.O.)
| | - Mariko Murata
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (S.K.); Tel.: +81-59-231-5011 (M.M.); +81-59-340-0550 (S.K.)
| | - Shosuke Kawanishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (S.K.); Tel.: +81-59-231-5011 (M.M.); +81-59-340-0550 (S.K.)
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Present Status and Future Trends of Natural-Derived Compounds Targeting T Helper (Th) 17 and Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1 (mPGES-1) as Alternative Therapies for Autoimmune and Inflammatory-Based Diseases. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25246016. [PMID: 33353211 PMCID: PMC7766998 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several natural-based compounds and products are reported to possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity both in vitro and in vivo. The primary target for these activities is the inhibition of eicosanoid-generating enzymes, including phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenases (COXs), and lipoxygenases, leading to reduced prostanoids and leukotrienes. Other mechanisms include modulation of protein kinases and activation of transcriptases. However, only a limited number of studies and reviews highlight the potential modulation of the coupling enzymatic pathway COX-2/mPGES-1 and Th17/Treg circulating cells. Here, we provide a brief overview of natural products/compounds, currently included in the Italian list of botanicals and the BELFRIT, in different fields of interest such as inflammation and immunity. In this context, we focus our opinion on novel therapeutic targets such as COX-2/mPGES-1 coupling enzymes and Th17/Treg circulating repertoire. This paper is dedicated to the scientific career of Professor Nicola Mascolo for his profound dedication to the study of natural compounds.
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Chen L, Li J, Ye Z, Sun B, Wang L, Chen Y, Han J, Yu M, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Seidler U, Tian D, Xiao F. Anti-High Mobility Group Box 1 Neutralizing-Antibody Ameliorates Dextran Sodium Sulfate Colitis in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585094. [PMID: 33193406 PMCID: PMC7661783 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous nuclear protein in mammals. When released into the extracellular space, it acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern. This study investigates whether increased HMGB1 levels are found in the intestinal mucosa of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and whether an anti-HMGB1 neutralizing-antibody (HnAb) can inhibit the intestinal inflammation elicited by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice. Because toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is implicated in HMGB1-mediated immune cell activation, DSS colitis was also elicited in TLR4-deficient mice in the presence and absence of HnAb. The expression of HMGB1 in UC patients was examined. HnAb was administered via intraperitoneal injection to TLR4 deficient mice and their wild-type littermates, both being induced to colitis with DSS. Finally, the protective effect of HnAb and TLR4 deficiency were evaluated. In UC patients, HMGB1 was up-regulated in the inflamed colon. When administered during DSS application, HnAb alleviated the severity of colitis with a lower disease activity index, limited histological damages, and reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines. This antibody also limited colonic barrier loss, decreased colonic lamina propria macrophages and partially reversed the DSS treatment-associated dysbiosis. The protective effect of this antibody was enhanced in TLR4-deficient mice in some aspects, indicating that both additional HMGB1-mediated as well as TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways were involved in the induction of colitis by DSS. HnAb ameliorated colitis via macrophages inhibition and colonic barrier protection. It may therefore be a novel treatment option in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhua Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenghao Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Binghua Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meiping Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ursula Seidler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - De'an Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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22
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IL-33 deficiency protects mice from DSS-induced experimental colitis by suppressing ILC2 and Th17 cell responses. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:1111-1122. [PMID: 32728764 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, IL-33-driven ILC2 response has been shown to participate in a variety of diseases. However, IL-33-driven ILC2 immunity has not been extensively characterized in the context of colitis yet. MATERIALS AND SUBJECTS The RAG-2- and IL-33-deficient mice were used to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of IL-33-driven ILC2 response in the DSS-induced experimental colitis. Body weight, length of colon, and histological analysis were monitored to evaluate the severity of colitis. Proportions of immune cells were examined by flow cytometry. Levels of cytokines were analyzed by ELISA and q-PCR. RESULTS Administration of exogenous IL-33 aggravated the DSS-induced colitis, which revealed that IL-33 promoted the generation of ILC2 cells to mediate the inflammation of colon. Consistently, this effect was confirmed in RAG-2-deficient mice without T, B cells. Furthermore, IL-33-deficient mice were used to examine the role of endogenous IL-33 on the pathogenesis of DSS-induced colitis. Interestingly, lack of endogenous IL-33 protected the mice from the DSS-induced colitis. The protective effect is associated with impairments of development of ILC2 as well as Th17 cells. Analysis of their cytokine production profiles revealed that IL-33 deficiency resulted in the reduction of cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β as well as IL-10. These results suggest that IL-33/ILC2 axis is a potential therapeutic target for human colitis. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that IL-33 deficiency protects mice from DSS-induced colitis. The protective effect is associated with impairments of ILC2 and Th17 cell development as well as reduction of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β.
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Seo SH, Unno T, Park SE, Kim EJ, Lee YM, Na CS, Son HS. Korean Traditional Medicine ( Jakyakgamcho-tang) Ameliorates Colitis by Regulating Gut Microbiota. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9100226. [PMID: 31615012 PMCID: PMC6835967 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the anti-colitis activity of Jakyakgamcho-tang (JGT) in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and explore changes of the gut microbial community using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metabolomics approaches. It was found that treatment with JGT or 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) alleviated the severity of colitis symptoms by suppressing inflammatory cytokine levels of IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-γ. The non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis of gut microbiome revealed that JGT groups were clearly separated from the DSS group, suggesting that JGT administration altered gut microbiota. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that were decreased by DSS but increased by JGT include Akkermansia and Allobaculum. On the other hand, OTUs that were increased by DSS but decreased by 5-ASA or JGT treatments include Bacteroidales S24-7, Ruminococcaceae, and Rikenellaceae, and the genera Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, and Coprobacillus. After JGT administration, the metabolites, including most amino acids and lactic acid that were altered by colitis induction, became similar to those of the control group. This study demonstrates that JGT might have potential to effectively treat colitis by restoring dysbiosis of gut microbiota and host metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ho Seo
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Korea.
| | - Tatsuya Unno
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology, SARI Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Subtropical/tropical Organism Gene Bank Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Seong-Eun Park
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Korea.
| | - Eun-Ju Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Korea.
| | - Yu-Mi Lee
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Korea.
| | - Chang-Su Na
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Korea.
| | - Hong-Seok Son
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Korea.
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Zhang Y, Li L, Qi C, Hua S, Fei X, Gong F, Fang M. Glycyrrhizin alleviates Con A-induced hepatitis by differentially regulating the production of IL-17 and IL-25. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 110:692-699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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25
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Wang Z, Shi L, Hua S, Qi C, Fang M. IL-33 ameliorates experimental colitis involving regulation of autophagy of macrophages in mice. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:10. [PMID: 30651971 PMCID: PMC6332617 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previously, we have demonstrated that IL-33 administration protecting TNBS-induced experimental colitis is associated with facilitation of Th2/Tregs responses in mice. However, whether IL-33 regulates autophagy to ameliorate experimental colitis is unclear. Results IL-33 administration (2 μg/day, intraperitoneal injection), while facilitating Th2/Tregs responses, also enhances the autophagy in mice with TNBS-induced colitis as well as macrophages. In the meantime, we observed that inhibition of the autophagy with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) (24 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) in mice exacerbates TNBS-induced experimental colitis. On the contrary, administration of rapamycin (2 mg/kg,intragastric administration), an autophagy-enhancer, alleviates the colitis in mice. In vivo, Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that TNBS combined with IL-33 enhanced the autophagy of macrophages in the inflammatory gut tissue. In vitro, treatment with IL-33 promoted the autophagy of macrophages generated from bone marrow cells in dose-dependant manner. Furthermore, the effect of autophagy-enhancement by IL-33 is TLR4 signaling pathway dependant. Our notion was further confirmed by IL-33-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages cells. Conclusions IL-33 regulates the autophagy is a new immunoregulatory property on TNBS-induced experimental colitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13# Hangkong Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Lifeng Shi
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13# Hangkong Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuyao Hua
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13# Hangkong Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Qi
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13# Hangkong Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Fang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13# Hangkong Road, Wuhan, China
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Glycyrrhizin attenuates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing HMGB1-dependent GSDMD-mediated kupffer cells pyroptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 68:145-155. [PMID: 30634142 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gasdermin D (GSDMD), a genetic substrate for inflammatory caspases, plays a central role in pyroptosis of macrophages and release of interleukin‑1β (IL-1β), but was mainly referred to microbial infection. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), served as an alarm molecule during various pathological process, has been widely recognized to be involved in liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Glycyrrhizin, a natural anti-inflammatory and antiviral triterpene in clinical use, was recently referred to have ability to prevent I/R induced liver injury by inhibiting HMGB1 expression and activity. However, the mechanisms responsible for damage amelioration subsequently to HMGB1 inhibition during liver I/R remain enigmatic. This study was designed to explore the functional role and molecular mechanism of glycyrrhizin in the regulation of I/R induced liver injury. We found that liver I/R promotes GSDMD-mediated pyroptotic cell death of Kupffer cells, which was inhibited by glycyrrhizin. Interestingly, endogenous HMGB1, not exogenous one, was involved in hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) induced pyroptosis. Moreover, GSDMD knockdown protects kupffer cells against H/R induced pyroptosis in vitro. Here, we report, for the first time, that glycyrrhizin attenuated tissue damage and kupffer cells pyroptosis during liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) and identify a previously unrecognized HMGB1- dependent GSDMD- mediated signaling pathway in the mechanism of kupffer cells pyroptosis induced by H/R. Our findings provide the first demonstration of GSDMD-determined pyroptotic cell death responsible for I/R induced release of IL-1β and this would provide a mandate to better understand the unconventional mechanisms of cytokine release in the sterile innate immune system.
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Xu X, Gong L, Wang B, Wu Y, Wang Y, Mei X, Xu H, Tang L, Liu R, Zeng Z, Mao Y, Li W. Glycyrrhizin Attenuates Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection: New Insights Into Its Protective Mechanism. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2321. [PMID: 30459751 PMCID: PMC6232675 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhizin (GL), a triterpenoid glycoside, serves important functions in various biological activities, including antiviral and antitumor immune responses. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of GL on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST)-induced injury in mice and the mechanisms underlying the protection of GL are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of GL on host immune responses against ST infection in mice. A phenotypic analysis using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and transmission electron microscopy showed that GL relieved ST-induced weight loss and intestinal mucosal injury. A colonization assay showed that GL significantly reduced ST colonization in the ileum and colon and translocation to the liver and spleen. An antibacterial activity assay and real-time PCR revealed that GL had no direct inhibitory impact on ST growth or virulence gene expression. ELISA showed that GL pretreatment significantly decreased proinflammatory cytokine (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6) secretion and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) secretion in the ileum, colon and serum of ST-infected mice. Moreover, flora analysis showed that GL reduced Akkermansia, Sutterella, Prevotella and Coprococcus but enriched Parabacteroides and Anaerotruncus in the cecum of ST-infected mice. These results suggest that GL promotes the secretion of immune factors and modulates intestinal flora to prevent further ST infection. We also analyzed the effect of GL on immunocytes and found that GL promoted the phenotypic and functional maturation of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Flow cytometry and western blotting demonstrated that NF-κB, ERK, and p38 MAPK were required for GL-induced BMDC maturation. The above findings indicate that GL attenuates ST infection by modulating immune function and intestinal flora. This study enriches our current knowledge of GL-mediated immunological function and provides a new perspective on the prevention of Salmonella infection in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Hospital & Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghua Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yulong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Kuijieling regulates the differentiation of Treg and Th17 cells to ameliorate experimental colitis in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:781-788. [PMID: 29909346 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T (Treg) cells and T helper 17 (Th17) cells play crucial roles in ulcerative colitis (UC). Kuijieling (KJL) is an effective Chinese medicine formula for treating UC in clinic. Kuijieling has shown remedy effect on the imbalance between Treg and Th17 cells. This study aimed to further reveal the exact underlying mechanism of how Kuijieling regulates the differentiation of Treg and Th17 cells in the treatment of UC. METHODS Colitis was induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid in rats and treated by KJL. Pathological injury was evaluated by HE staining and pathological score. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin(IL)-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-23 and IL-21 in plasma were assayed by ELISA. Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5 expressed in colon mucosa were measured by western blot. Immunohistochemistry was employed for quantifying retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) and STAT3 in colon. RT-PCR was used to analyze the expression of IL-2, IL-17, IL-23, IL-21 mRNA in colon. RESULTS After the administration of KJL, pathological injury in colon mucosa was reduced and histological score was decreased, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin(IL)-2, IL-10 in blood and Foxp3, STAT5, IL-2 in colon increased significantly, IL-6, IL-23, IL-17, IL-21 in blood and RORγt, STAT3, IL-23, IL-17, IL-21 in colon decreased. Our result showed that KJL regulates the related cytokines and transcription factors to promote Treg cells and suppress Th17 cells. CONCLUSION KJL restores the balance between Treg and Th17 cells through regulating the differentiation of them, therefore contributes to the treatment of UC.
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Li Q, Li L, Fei X, Zhang Y, Qi C, Hua S, Gong F, Fang M. Inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine is protective in a lethal model of murine endotoxemia and polymicrobial sepsis. Innate Immun 2018; 24:231-239. [PMID: 29673286 PMCID: PMC6830927 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918771170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, the regulatory role of autophagy is examined in both an LPS-induced lethal
endotoxic shock mouse model and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mouse model.
Autophagy-inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and autophagy-enhancer rapamycin were
administrated to mice challenged with LPS or CLP. Animals challenged with LPS or
CLP combined with 3-MA displayed increased survival after endotoxemia, but LPS
combined with rapamycin worsened the endotoxic shock of the mice. Among the
different organs studied, the lungs and intestines exhibited significant
differences among LPS alone, LPS combined with 3-MA and LPS combined with
rapamycin. LPS combined with 3-MA attenuated the inflammatory damages of these
organs as compared with LPS alone. In contrast, LPS combined with rapamycin
increased damage in these organs. Consistently, serum inflammatory mediators
TNF-α and IL-6 were decreased by the treatment of LPS combined with 3-MA as
compared with LPS alone, while administration of LPS combined with rapamycin
increased the serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Similar results were found in mouse
bone marrow-derived macrophages exposed to LPS. Moreover, the regulatory effect
of autophagy to endotoxic shock is dependent on the TLR4 signaling pathway. Our
results demonstrate the central role of autophagy in the regulation of endotoxic
shock and its potential modulation for endotoxic shock treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirui Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Fei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yuanyue Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Chang Qi
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Shuyao Hua
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Feili Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Min Fang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
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The Role of Flavonoids in Inhibiting Th17 Responses in Inflammatory Arthritis. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:9324357. [PMID: 29693024 PMCID: PMC5859886 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9324357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have been considered powerful anti-inflammatory agents, and their exact immunomodulatory action as therapeutic agents in autoimmune diseases has started to emerge. Their role in the manipulation of immunoregulation is less understood. Several studies attempted to investigate the role of various flavonoids mainly in experimental models of autoimmune diseases, especially in the context of their potential effect on the increase of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their ability to stimulate an overexpression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, in particular that of IL-10. The emergence of IL-17, a cytokine largely produced by Th17 cells, as a powerful proinflammatory stimulus which attenuates the induction of Tregs has prompted a series of studies investigating the role of flavonoids on Th17 cells in experimental models as well as human autoimmune diseases. This review thoroughly discusses accumulated data on the role of flavonoids on Th17 in rheumatoid arthritis and experimental autoimmune arthritis.
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