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Nemes B, László S, Zsidó BZ, Hetényi C, Feher A, Papp F, Varga Z, Szőke É, Sándor Z, Pintér E. Elucidation of the binding mode of organic polysulfides on the human TRPA1 receptor. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1180896. [PMID: 37351262 PMCID: PMC10282659 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1180896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Previous studies have established that endogenous inorganic polysulfides have significant biological actions activating the Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) receptor. Organic polysulfides exert similar effects, but they are much more stable molecules, therefore these compounds are more suitable as drugs. In this study, we aimed to better understand the mechanism of action of organic polysulfides by identification of their binding site on the TRPA1 receptor. Methods: Polysulfides can readily interact with the thiol side chain of the cysteine residues of the protein. To investigate their role in the TRPA1 activation, we replaced several cysteine residues by alanine via site-directed mutagenesis. We searched for TRPA1 mutant variants with decreased or lost activating effect of the polysulfides, but with other functions remaining intact (such as the effects of non-electrophilic agonists and antagonists). The binding properties of the mutant receptors were analyzed by in silico molecular docking. Functional changes were tested by in vitro methods: calcium sensitive fluorescent flow cytometry, whole-cell patch-clamp and radioactive calcium-45 liquid scintillation counting. Results: The cysteines forming the conventional binding site of electrophilic agonists, namely C621, C641 and C665 also bind the organic polysulfides, with the key role of C621. However, only their combined mutation abolished completely the organic polysulfide-induced activation of the receptor. Discussion: Since previous papers provided evidence that organic polysulfides exert analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions in different in vivo animal models, we anticipate that the development of TRPA1-targeted, organic polysulfide-based drugs will be promoted by this identification of the binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Nemes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs László
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Zoltán Zsidó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hetényi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Adam Feher
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Papp
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Sándor
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Therapeutic Effect of a Latent Form of Cortistatin in Experimental Inflammatory and Fibrotic Disorders. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122785. [PMID: 36559278 PMCID: PMC9784182 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortistatin is a cyclic neuropeptide that recently emerged as an attractive therapeutic factor for treating inflammatory, autoimmune, fibrotic, and pain disorders. Despite of its efficiency and apparent safety in experimental preclinical models, its short half-life in body fluids and its potential pleiotropic effects, due to its promiscuity for several receptors expressed in various cells and tissues, represent two major drawbacks for the clinical translation of cortistatin-based therapies. Therefore, the design of new strategies focused on increasing the stability, bioavailability, and target specificity of cortistatin are lately demanded by the industry. Here, we generated by molecular engineering a new cortistatin-based prodrug formulation that includes, beside the bioactive cortistatin, a molecular-shield provided by the latency-associated protein of the transforming growth factor-β1 and a cleavage site specifically recognized by metalloproteinases, which are abundant in inflammatory/fibrotic foci. Using different models of sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, scleroderma, and pulmonary fibrosis, we demonstrated that this latent form of cortistatin was a highly effective protection against these severe disorders. Noteworthy, from a therapeutic point of view, is that latent cortistatin seems to require significantly lower doses and fewer administrations than naive cortistatin to reach the same efficacy. Finally, the metalloproteinase-cleavage site was essential for the latent molecule to exert its therapeutic action. In summary, latent cortistatin emerges as a promising innovative therapeutic tool for treating chronic diseases of different etiologies with difficult clinical solutions and as a starting point for a rational development of prodrugs based on the use of bioactive peptides.
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Barriga M, Benitez R, Robledo G, Caro M, O'Valle F, Campos-Salinas J, Delgado M. Neuropeptide Cortistatin Regulates Dermal and Pulmonary Fibrosis in an Experimental Model of Systemic Sclerosis. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:784-795. [PMID: 34649259 DOI: 10.1159/000520194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Scleroderma, or systemic sclerosis, is a complex connective tissue disorder characterized by autoimmunity, vasculopathy, and progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Because its aetiology is unknown, the identification of genes/factors involved in disease severity, differential clinical forms, and associated complications is critical for understanding its pathogenesis and designing novel treatments. Neuroendocrine mediators in the skin emerge as potential candidates. We investigated the role played by the neuropeptide cortistatin in a preclinical model of scleroderma. METHODS Dermal fibrosis was induced by repetitive intradermal injections of bleomycin in wild-type and cortistatin-deficient mice. The histopathological signs and expression of fibrotic markers were evaluated in the skin and lungs. RESULTS An inverse correlation between cortistatin levels and fibrogenic activation exists in the damaged skin and dermal fibroblasts. Bleomycin-challenged skin lesions of mice that are partially and totally deficient in cortistatin showed exacerbated histopathological signs of scleroderma, characterized by thicker and more fibrotic dermal layer, enlarged epidermis, and increased inflammatory infiltration in comparison to those of wild-type mice. Cortistatin deficiency enhanced dermal collagen deposits, connective tissue growth factor expression, loss of microvessels, and predisposition to suffer severe complications that co-occur with dermal exposition to bleomycin, including pulmonary fibrotic disease and increased mortality. Treatment with cortistatin mitigated these pathological processes. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION We identify cortistatin as an endogenous break of skin inflammation and fibrosis. Deficiency in cortistatin could be a marker of poor prognosis of scleroderma and associated complications. Cortistatin-based therapies emerge as attractive candidates to treat severe forms of systemic sclerosis and to manage fibrosis-related side effects of bleomycin chemotherapy in oncologic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Barriga
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Benitez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Gema Robledo
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Caro
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco O'Valle
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, IBIMER, CIBM, University of Granada and Biosanitary Research Institute IBS-Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jenny Campos-Salinas
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Mario Delgado
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
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Vörös I, Sághy É, Pohóczky K, Makkos A, Onódi Z, Brenner GB, Baranyai T, Ágg B, Váradi B, Kemény Á, Leszek P, Görbe A, Varga ZV, Giricz Z, Schulz R, Helyes Z, Ferdinandy P. Somatostatin and Its Receptors in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Cardioprotection. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:663655. [PMID: 34803662 PMCID: PMC8602362 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.663655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the role of the neuropeptide somatostatin (SST) in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection. Here, we investigated the direct cardiocytoprotective effect of SST on ischemia/reperfusion injury in cardiomyocyte cultures, as well as the expression of SST and its receptors in pig and human heart tissues. SST induced a bell-shaped, concentration-dependent cardiocytoprotection in both adult rat primary cardiomyocytes and H9C2 cells subjected to simulated ischemia/reperfusion injury. Furthermore, in a translational porcine closed-chest acute myocardial infarction model, ischemic preconditioning increased plasma SST-like immunoreactivity. Interestingly, SST expression was detectable at the protein, but not at the mRNA level in the pig left ventricles. SSTR1 and SSTR2, but not the other SST receptors, were detectable at the mRNA level by PCR and sequencing in the pig left ventricle. Moreover, remote ischemic conditioning upregulated SSTR1 mRNA. Similarly, SST expression was also detectable in healthy human interventricular septum samples at the protein level. Furthermore, SST-like immunoreactivity decreased in interventricular septum samples of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. SSTR1, SSTR2, and SSTR5 but not SST and the other SST receptors were detectable at the mRNA level by sequencing in healthy human left ventricles. In addition, in healthy human left ventricle samples, SSTR1 and SSTR2 mRNAs were expressed especially in vascular endothelial and some other cell types as detected by RNA Scope® in situ hybridization. This is the first demonstration that SST exerts a direct cardiocytoprotective effect against simulated ischemia/reperfusion injury. Moreover, SST is expressed in the heart tissue at the peptide level; however, it is likely to be of sensory neural origin since its mRNA is not detectable. SSTR1 and SSTR2 might be involved in the cardioprotective action of SST, but other mechanisms cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Vörös
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Sághy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Pohóczky
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - András Makkos
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Onódi
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor B. Brenner
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Baranyai
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Ágg
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Váradi
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kemény
- Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Przemyslaw Leszek
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński National Institute of Cardiology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V. Varga
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
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Barriga M, Benitez R, Ferraz-de-Paula V, Garcia-Frutos M, Caro M, Robledo G, O'Valle F, Campos-Salinas J, Delgado M. Protective role of cortistatin in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4368-4388. [PMID: 34237151 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis remain major causes of morbidity, mortality and a healthcare burden in critically ill patient. There is an urgent need to identify factors causing susceptibility and for the design of new therapeutic agents. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of the immunomodulatory neuropeptide cortistatin to regulate pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH ALI/ARDS and pulmonary fibrosis were induced experimentally in wild-type and cortistatin-deficient mice by pulmonary infusion of the bacterial endotoxin LPS or the chemotherapeutic drug bleomycin, and the histopathological signs, pulmonary leukocyte infiltration and cytokines, and fibrotic markers were evaluated. KEY RESULTS Partially deficient mice in cortistatin showed exacerbated pulmonary damage, pulmonary inflammation, alveolar oedema and fibrosis, and subsequent increased respiratory failure and mortality when challenged to LPS or bleomycin, even at low doses. Treatment with cortistatin reversed these aggravated phenotypes and protected from progression to severe ARDS and fibrosis, after high exposure to both injury agents. Moreover, cortistatin-deficient pulmonary macrophages and fibroblasts showed exaggerated ex vivo inflammatory and fibrotic responses, and treatment with cortistatin impaired their activation. Finally, the protective effects of cortistatin in ALI and pulmonary fibrosis were partially inhibited by specific antagonists for somatostatin and ghrelin receptors. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We identified cortistatin as an endogenous inhibitor of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Deficiency in cortistatin could be a marker of poor prognosis in inflammatory/fibrotic pulmonary disorders. Cortistatin-based therapies could emerge as attractive candidates to treat severe ALI/ARDS, including SARS-CoV-2-associated ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Barriga
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Benitez
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Viviane Ferraz-de-Paula
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Garcia-Frutos
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Caro
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Gema Robledo
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco O'Valle
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, IBIMER, CIBM, University of Granada and Biosanitary Research Institute IBS-Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jenny Campos-Salinas
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Mario Delgado
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
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Falo CP, Benitez R, Caro M, Morell M, Forte-Lago I, Hernandez-Cortes P, Sanchez-Gonzalez C, O’Valle F, Delgado M, Gonzalez-Rey E. The Neuropeptide Cortistatin Alleviates Neuropathic Pain in Experimental Models of Peripheral Nerve Injury. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070947. [PMID: 34202793 PMCID: PMC8309056 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is one of the most severe forms of chronic pain caused by the direct injury of the somatosensory system. The current drugs for treating neuropathies have limited efficacies or show important side effects, and the development of analgesics with novel modes of action is critical. The identification of endogenous anti-nociceptive factors has emerged as an attractive strategy for designing new pharmacological approaches to treat neuropathic pain. Cortistatin is a neuropeptide with potent anti-inflammatory activity, recently identified as a natural analgesic peptide in several models of pain evoked by inflammatory conditions. Here, we investigated the potential analgesic effect of cortistatin in neuropathic pain using a variety of experimental models of peripheral nerve injury caused by chronic constriction or partial transection of the sciatic nerve or by diabetic neuropathy. We found that the peripheral and central injection of cortistatin ameliorated hyperalgesia and allodynia, two of the dominant clinical manifestations of chronic neuropathic pain. Cortistatin-induced analgesia was multitargeted, as it regulated the nerve damage-induced hypersensitization of primary nociceptors, inhibited neuroinflammatory responses, and enhanced the production of neurotrophic factors both at the peripheral and central levels. We also demonstrated the neuroregenerative/protective capacity of cortistatin in a model of severe peripheral nerve transection. Interestingly, the nociceptive system responded to nerve injury by secreting cortistatin, and a deficiency in cortistatin exacerbated the neuropathic pain responses and peripheral nerve dysfunction. Therefore, cortistatin-based therapies emerge as attractive alternatives for treating chronic neuropathic pain of different etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara P. Falo
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (C.P.F.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (I.F.-L.); (C.S.-G.)
| | - Raquel Benitez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (C.P.F.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (I.F.-L.); (C.S.-G.)
| | - Marta Caro
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (C.P.F.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (I.F.-L.); (C.S.-G.)
| | - Maria Morell
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (C.P.F.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (I.F.-L.); (C.S.-G.)
- Genyo Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Forte-Lago
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (C.P.F.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (I.F.-L.); (C.S.-G.)
| | - Pedro Hernandez-Cortes
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Clara Sanchez-Gonzalez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (C.P.F.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (I.F.-L.); (C.S.-G.)
| | - Francisco O’Valle
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, IBIMER and IBS-Granada, Granada University, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Mario Delgado
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (C.P.F.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (I.F.-L.); (C.S.-G.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Elena Gonzalez-Rey
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnologico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (C.P.F.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (I.F.-L.); (C.S.-G.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (E.G.-R.)
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Human Somatostatin SST 4 Receptor Transgenic Mice: Construction and Brain Expression Pattern Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073758. [PMID: 33916620 PMCID: PMC8038480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin receptor subtype 4 (SST4) has been shown to mediate analgesic, antidepressant and anti-inflammatory functions without endocrine actions; therefore, it is proposed to be a novel target for drug development. To overcome the species differences of SST4 receptor expression and function between humans and mice, we generated an SST4 humanized mouse line to serve as a translational animal model for preclinical research. A transposon vector containing the hSSTR4 and reporter gene construct driven by the hSSTR4 regulatory elements were created. The vector was randomly inserted in Sstr4-deficient mice. hSSTR4 expression was detected by bioluminescent in vivo imaging of the luciferase reporter predominantly in the brain. RT-qPCR confirmed the expression of the human gene in the brain and various peripheral tissues consistent with the in vivo imaging. RNAscope in situ hybridization revealed the presence of hSSTR4 transcripts in glutamatergic excitatory neurons in the CA1 and CA2 regions of the hippocampus; in the GABAergic interneurons in the granular layer of the olfactory bulb and in both types of neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex, piriform cortex, prelimbic cortex and amygdala. This novel SST4 humanized mouse line might enable us to investigate the differences of human and mouse SST4 receptor expression and function and assess the effects of SST4 receptor agonist drug candidates.
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Kántás B, Szőke É, Börzsei R, Bánhegyi P, Asghar J, Hudhud L, Steib A, Hunyady Á, Horváth Á, Kecskés A, Borbély É, Hetényi C, Pethő G, Pintér E, Helyes Z. In Silico, In Vitro and In Vivo Pharmacodynamic Characterization of Novel Analgesic Drug Candidate Somatostatin SST 4 Receptor Agonists. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:601887. [PMID: 33815096 PMCID: PMC8015869 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.601887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Somatostatin released from the capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves mediates analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects via its receptor subtype 4 (SST4) without influencing endocrine functions. Therefore, SST4 is considered to be a novel target for drug development in pain, especially chronic neuropathy which is a great unmet medical need. Purpose and Experimental Approach: Here, we examined the in silico binding, SST4-linked G protein activation and β-arrestin activation on stable SST4 expressing cells and the effects of our novel pyrrolo-pyrimidine molecules (20, 100, 500, 1,000, 2,000 µg·kg−1) on partial sciatic nerve ligation-induced traumatic mononeuropathic pain model in mice. Key Results: The novel compounds bind to the high affinity binding site of SST4 the receptor and activate the G protein. However, unlike the reference SST4 agonists NNC 26-9100 and J-2156, they do not induce β-arrestin activation responsible for receptor desensitization and internalization upon chronic use. They exert 65–80% maximal anti-hyperalgesic effects in the neuropathy model 1 h after a single oral administration of 100–500 µg·kg−1 doses. Conclusion and Implications: The novel orally active compounds show potent and effective SST4 receptor agonism in vitro and in vivo. All four novel ligands proved to be full agonists based on G protein activation, but failed to recruit β-arrestin. Based on their potent antinociceptive effect in the neuropathic pain model following a single oral administration, they are promising candidates for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Kántás
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Center and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Center and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,PharmInVivo Ltd., Pécs, Hungary
| | - Rita Börzsei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Junaid Asghar
- Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gomal University, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Lina Hudhud
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Center and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Anita Steib
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Center and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Hunyady
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Center and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ádám Horváth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Center and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Angéla Kecskés
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Center and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Borbély
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Center and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hetényi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Center and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Pethő
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Center and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,PharmInVivo Ltd., Pécs, Hungary.,Algonist Biotechnolgies GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Center and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,PharmInVivo Ltd., Pécs, Hungary.,Algonist Biotechnolgies GmbH, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Horváth G, Csikós E, Andres EV, Bencsik T, Takátsy A, Gulyás-Fekete G, Turcsi E, Deli J, Szőke É, Kemény Á, Payrits M, Szente L, Kocsis M, Molnár P, Helyes Z. Analyzing the Carotenoid Composition of Melilot ( Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall.) Extracts and the Effects of Isolated (All- E)-lutein-5,6-epoxide on Primary Sensory Neurons and Macrophages. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020503. [PMID: 33477841 PMCID: PMC7832904 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melilotus officinalis is known to contain several types of secondary metabolites. In contrast, the carotenoid composition of this medicinal plant has not been investigated, although it may also contribute to the biological activities of the drug, such as anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, this study focuses on the isolation and identification of carotenoids from Meliloti herba and on the effect of isolated (all-E)-lutein 5,6-epoxide on primary sensory neurons and macrophages involved in nociception, as well as neurogenic and non-neurogenic inflammatory processes. The composition of the plant extracts was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The main carotenoid was isolated by column liquid chromatography (CLC) and identified by MS and NMR. The effect of water-soluble lutein 5,6-epoxide-RAMEB (randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrin) was investigated on Ca2+-influx in rat primary sensory neurons induced by the activation of the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 receptor agonist to mustard-oil and on endotoxin-induced IL-1β release from isolated mouse peritoneal macrophages. (all-E)-Lutein 5,6-epoxide significantly decreased the percent of responsive primary sensory neurons compared to the vehicle-treated stimulated control. Furthermore, endotoxin-evoked IL-1β release from macrophages was significantly decreased by 100 µM lutein 5,6-epoxide compared to the vehicle-treated control. The water-soluble form of lutein 5,6-epoxide-RAMEB decreases the activation of primary sensory neurons and macrophages, which opens perspectives for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Györgyi Horváth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.C.); (E.V.A.); (T.B.); (J.D.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72-503650-28823
| | - Eszter Csikós
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.C.); (E.V.A.); (T.B.); (J.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Eichertné Violetta Andres
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.C.); (E.V.A.); (T.B.); (J.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Tímea Bencsik
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.C.); (E.V.A.); (T.B.); (J.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Anikó Takátsy
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.T.); (G.G.-F.); (E.T.)
| | - Gergely Gulyás-Fekete
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.T.); (G.G.-F.); (E.T.)
| | - Erika Turcsi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.T.); (G.G.-F.); (E.T.)
| | - József Deli
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.C.); (E.V.A.); (T.B.); (J.D.); (P.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.T.); (G.G.-F.); (E.T.)
| | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (É.S.); (Á.K.); (M.P.); (Z.H.)
| | - Ágnes Kemény
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (É.S.); (Á.K.); (M.P.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Maja Payrits
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (É.S.); (Á.K.); (M.P.); (Z.H.)
- Szentágothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Marianna Kocsis
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Péter Molnár
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (E.C.); (E.V.A.); (T.B.); (J.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (É.S.); (Á.K.); (M.P.); (Z.H.)
- Szentágothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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10
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Characterization of Neurons Expressing the Novel Analgesic Drug Target Somatostatin Receptor 4 in Mouse and Human Brains. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207788. [PMID: 33096776 PMCID: PMC7589422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin is an important mood and pain-regulating neuropeptide, which exerts analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant effects via its Gi protein-coupled receptor subtype 4 (SST4) without endocrine actions. SST4 is suggested to be a unique novel drug target for chronic neuropathic pain, and depression, as a common comorbidity. However, its neuronal expression and cellular mechanism are poorly understood. Therefore, our goals were (i) to elucidate the expression pattern of Sstr4/SSTR4 mRNA, (ii) to characterize neurochemically, and (iii) electrophysiologically the Sstr4/SSTR4-expressing neuronal populations in the mouse and human brains. Here, we describe SST4 expression pattern in the nuclei of the mouse nociceptive and anti-nociceptive pathways as well as in human brain regions, and provide neurochemical and electrophysiological characterization of the SST4-expressing neurons. Intense or moderate SST4 expression was demonstrated predominantly in glutamatergic neurons in the major components of the pain matrix mostly also involved in mood regulation. The SST4 agonist J-2156 significantly decreased the firing rate of layer V pyramidal neurons by augmenting the depolarization-activated, non-inactivating K+ current (M-current) leading to remarkable inhibition. These are the first translational results explaining the mechanisms of action of SST4 agonists as novel analgesic and antidepressant candidates.
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11
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Szőke É, Bálint M, Hetényi C, Markovics A, Elekes K, Pozsgai G, Szűts T, Kéri G, Őrfi L, Sándor Z, Szolcsányi J, Pintér E, Helyes Z. Small molecule somatostatin receptor subtype 4 (sst 4) agonists are novel anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug candidates. Neuropharmacology 2020; 178:108198. [PMID: 32739276 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We provided strong proof of concept evidence that somatostatin mediates potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions via its receptor subtype 4 (sst4) located both at the periphery and the central nervous system. Therefore, sst4 agonists are promising novel drug candidates for neuropathic pain and neurogenic inflammation, but rational drug design was not possible due to the lack of knowledge about its 3-dimensional structure. We modeled the sst4 receptor structure, described its agonist binding properties, and characterized the binding of our novel small molecule sst4 agonists (4-phenetylamino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives) using an in silico platform. In addition to the in silico binding data, somatostatin displacement by Compound 1 was demonstrated in the competitive binding assay on sst4-expressing cells. In vivo effects were investigated in rat models of neurogenic inflammation and chronic traumatic neuropathic pain. We defined high- and low-affinity binding pockets of sst4 for our ligands, binding of the highest affinity compounds were similar to that of the reference ligand J-2156. We showed potent G-protein activation with the highest potency of 10 nM EC50 value and highest efficacy of 342%. Oral administration of 100 μg/kg of 5 compounds significantly inhibited acute neurogenic plasma protein extravasation in the paw skin by 40-60%, one candidate abolished and 3 others diminished sciatic nerve-ligation induced neuropathic hyperalgesia by 28-62%. The in silico predictions on sst4-ligands were tested in biological systems. Low oral dose of our novel agonists inhibit neurogenic inflammation and neuropathic pain, which opens promising drug developmental perspectives for these unmet medical need conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Center & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Mónika Bálint
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Center & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hetényi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Center & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Markovics
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Center & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Elekes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Center & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Pozsgai
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Center & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - György Kéri
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Őrfi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacy Faculty, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Sándor
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Center & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - János Szolcsányi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Center & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Center & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Hungary; PharmInVivo Ltd, Pécs, Hungary; Algonist GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Center & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Hungary; PharmInVivo Ltd, Pécs, Hungary; Algonist GmbH, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Chen W, Liang J, Fu Y, Jin Y, Yan R, Chi J, Liu W, Liu Y, Yin X. Cardioprotection of cortistatin against isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in rats. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:309. [PMID: 32355753 PMCID: PMC7186754 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background The present study was designed to examine whether cortistatin (CORT) could protect rats from myocardial injury induced by subcutaneously injecting isoproterenol (ISO) and to clarify the possible mechanisms. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were placed at random into four groups: the control group, the ISO group, the ISO + CORT 25 µg/(kg·d) group, and the ISO + CORT 50 µg/(kg·d) group. Rat models of myocardial injury were established with the subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of 85 mg/kg ISO for 2 days. In the ISO+ CORT 25 µg/(kg·d) group and ISO+ CORT 50 µg/(kg·d) group, rats were given s.c. injections of CORT 25 µg/(kg·d) and CORT 50 µg/(kg·d) on the day before ISO, 3 days, respectively. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) activity were measured by corresponding test kits. Western blot was applied to evaluate the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related protein glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78), enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-12 (caspase-12), LC3-II, Beclin-1, and p62 in the rat myocardium. Results CORT alleviated the increased enzyme activities of serum LDH and CK-MB, and content of MDA (a typical marker of lipid peroxidation) in rats induced by ISO. CORT also prevented pathological myocardial injury in rats induced by ISO. Moreover, CORT attenuated the increased protein levels of GRP78, CHOP, and caspase-12, and reduced the increase of LC3-II, LC3-II/I, Beclin-1, and p62 in rats induced by ISO. Conclusions These data demonstrate that CORT can attenuate ISO-induced acute myocardial injury in rats likely by reducing lipid peroxidation, and inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy. This supports CORT as a potentially being a new target for preventing and treating myocardial injury and its related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Juan Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jin
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Runan Yan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jinyu Chi
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Wenxiu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xinhua Yin
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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13
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Sandoval-Talamantes AK, Gómez-González BA, Uriarte-Mayorga DF, Martínez-Guzman MA, Wheber-Hidalgo KA, Alvarado-Navarro A. Neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and their receptors interact with immune response in healthy and psoriatic skin. Neuropeptides 2020; 79:102004. [PMID: 31902596 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a multifactorial origin that affects the skin. It is characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation, which results in erythemato-squamous plaques. Just as the immune system plays a fundamental role in psoriasis physiopathology, the nervous system maintains the inflammatory process through the neuropeptides and neurotransmitters synthesis, as histamine, serotonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, nerve growth factor, vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, adenosine, glucagon-like peptide, somatostatin and pituitary adenylate cyclase polypeptide. In patients with psoriasis, the systemic or in situ expression of these chemical mediators and their receptors are altered, which affects the clinical activity of patients due to its link to the immune system, provoking neurogenic inflammation. It is important to establish the role of the nervous system since it could represent a therapeutic alternative for psoriasis patients. The aim of this review is to offer a detailed review of the current literature about the neuropeptides and neurotransmitters involved in the physiopathology of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karen Sandoval-Talamantes
- Centro de Reabilitación Infantil Teletón de Occidente, Copal 4575, Col. Arboledas del Sur, 44980 Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - B A Gómez-González
- Instituto Dermatológico de Jalisco "Dr. José Barba Rubio", Av. Federalismo Norte 3102, Col. Atemajac del Valle, 45190 Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - D F Uriarte-Mayorga
- Instituto Dermatológico de Jalisco "Dr. José Barba Rubio", Av. Federalismo Norte 3102, Col. Atemajac del Valle, 45190 Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - M A Martínez-Guzman
- Unima Diagnósticos de México, Paseo de los Mosqueteros 4181, Col. Villa Universitaria, 45110 Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Katia Alejandra Wheber-Hidalgo
- Instituto Dermatológico de Jalisco "Dr. José Barba Rubio", Av. Federalismo Norte 3102, Col. Atemajac del Valle, 45190 Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Anabell Alvarado-Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y dermatología, Universidad de Guadalajara, México, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
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14
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Kántás B, Börzsei R, Szőke É, Bánhegyi P, Horváth Á, Hunyady Á, Borbély É, Hetényi C, Pintér E, Helyes Z. Novel Drug-Like Somatostatin Receptor 4 Agonists are Potential Analgesics for Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6245. [PMID: 31835716 PMCID: PMC6940912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin released from the capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves mediates analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects via the somatostatin sst4 receptor without endocrine actions. Therefore, sst4 is considered to be a novel target for drug development in pain including chronic neuropathy, which is an emerging unmet medical need. Here, we examined the in silico binding, the sst4-linked G-protein activation on stable receptor expressing cells (1 nM to 10 μM), and the effects of our novel pyrrolo-pyrimidine molecules in mouse inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. All four of the tested compounds (C1-C4) bind to the same binding site of the sst4 receptor with similar interaction energy to high-affinity reference sst4 agonists, and they all induce G-protein activation. C1 is the more efficacious (γ-GTP-binding: 218.2% ± 36.5%) and most potent (EC50: 37 nM) ligand. In vivo testing of the actions of orally administered C1 and C2 (500 µg/kg) showed that only C1 decreased the resiniferatoxin-induced acute neurogenic inflammatory thermal allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia significantly. Meanwhile, both of them remarkably reduced partial sciatic nerve ligation-induced chronic neuropathic mechanical hyperalgesia after a single oral administration of the 500 µg/kg dose. These orally active novel sst4 agonists exert potent anti-hyperalgesic effect in a chronic neuropathy model, and therefore, they can open promising drug developmental perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Kántás
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Ifjúság str. 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Rita Börzsei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Ifjúság str. 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Bánhegyi
- Avicor Ltd., Herman Ottó str. 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Horváth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Ifjúság str. 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Hunyady
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Ifjúság str. 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Borbély
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Ifjúság str. 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hetényi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Ifjúság str. 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Ifjúság str. 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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15
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Mehta D, Granstein RD. Immunoregulatory Effects of Neuropeptides on Endothelial Cells: Relevance to Dermatological Disorders. Dermatology 2019; 235:175-186. [PMID: 30808842 DOI: 10.1159/000496538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many skin diseases, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, have a neurogenic component. In this regard, bidirectional interactions between components of the nervous system and multiple target cells in the skin and elsewhere have been receiving increasing attention. Neuropeptides released by sensory nerves that innervate the skin can directly modulate functions of keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, dermal dendritic cells, mast cells, dermal microvascular endothelial cells and infiltrating immune cells. As a result, neuropeptides and neuropeptide receptors participate in a complex, interdependent network of mediators that modulate the skin immune system, skin inflammation, and wound healing. In this review, we will focus on recent studies demonstrating the roles of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide, and nerve growth factor in modulating inflammation and immunity in the skin through their effects on dermal microvascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devina Mehta
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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16
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Jiang J, Peng Y, Liang X, Li S, Chang X, Li L, Chang M. Centrally Administered Cortistation-14 Induces Antidepressant-Like Effects in Mice via Mediating Ghrelin and GABA A Receptor Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:767. [PMID: 30072893 PMCID: PMC6060333 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortistatin-14 (CST-14), a recently discovered cyclic neuropeptide, can bind to all five cloned somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) and ghrelin receptor to exert its biological activities and co-exists with GABA within the cortex and hippocampus. However, the role of CST-14 in the control of depression processes is not still clarified. Here, we tested the behavioral effects of CST-14 in the in a variety of classical rodent models of depression [forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and novelty-suppressed feeding test]. In the models of depression, CST-14 produced antidepressant-like effects, and does not altered locomotor activity levels. And, we found that CST-14 mRNA and BDNF mRNA were significantly decreased in the hippocampus and cortex after mice exposed to stress. Further data show that i.c.v. administration of CST-14 produce rapid antidepressant effects, and does not altered locomotor activity levels. Then these antidepressant-like effects were significantly reversed by [D-Lys3]GHRP-6 (ghrelin receptor antagonist), but not c-SOM (SSTRs antagonist). Meanwhile, the effects of some neurotransmitter blockers indicates that only GABAA system, but not CRF1 receptor, α/β-adrenergic receptor, is involved in the antidepressant effect of CST-14. The effects of the mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin), the PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) and the p-ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) suggesting that the ERK/mTOR or PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is not involved in the antidepressant effects of CST-14. Interestingly, intranasal administration of CST-14 led to reducing depressive-like behavior, and near-infrared fluorescent experiments showed the real-time in vivo bio-distribution in brain after intranasal infusion of Cy7.5-CST-14. Taken all together, the results of present study point to a role for CST-14 in the modulation of depression processes via the ghrelin and GABAA receptor, and suggest cortistation may represent a novel strategy for the treatment of depression disorders. Highlights:CST-14 and BDNF mRNA are decreased in hippocampus and cortex once mice exposed to stress. i.c.v. or intranasal administration of CST-14 produce rapid antidepressant effects. NIR fluorescence imaging detected the brain uptake and distribution after intranasal CST-14. Antidepressant effects of CST-14 were only related to ghrelin and GABAA system. Co-injection of CST-14 and NPS produce antidepressant effect, and do not impair memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinHong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - YaLi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - XueYa Liang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shu Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - LongFei Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Chang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Liu Y, Lin F, Fu Y, Chen W, Liu W, Chi J, Zhang X, Yin X. Cortistatin inhibits arterial calcification in rats via GSK3β/β-catenin and protein kinase C signalling but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase signalling. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 223:e13055. [PMID: 29436118 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Cortistatin (CST) is a newly discovered endogenous active peptide that exerts protective effects on the cardiovascular system. However, the relationship between CST and aortic calcification and the underlying mechanism remain obscure. Therefore, we investigated effects of CST on aortic calcification and its signalling pathways. METHODS Calcium content and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were measured using the o-cresolphthalein colorimetric method and ALP assay kit respectively. Protein expression of smooth muscle (SM)-ɑ-actin, osteocalcin (OCN), β-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), p-GSK3β, protein kinase C (PKC), p-PKC, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p-JNK was determined using Western blotting. RESULTS In aorta from a rat vitamin D3 calcification model, CST abrogated calcium deposition and pathological damage, decreased the protein expression of OCN and β-catenin and increased SM-ɑ-actin expression. In a rat cultured vascular smooth muscular cell (VSMC) calcification model induced by β-glycerophosphate (β-GP), CST inhibited the increase in ALP activity, calcium content and OCN protein and the decrease in SM-α-actin expression. CST also inhibited the β-GP-induced increase in p-GSK3β and β-catenin protein (both P < .05). The inhibitory effects of CST on ALP activity, calcium deposition and β-catenin protein were abolished by pretreatment with lithium chloride, a GSK3β inhibitor. CST promoted the protein expression of p-PKC by 68.5% (P < .01), but not p-JNK. The ability of CST to attenuate β-GP-induced increase in ALP activity, calcium content and OCN expression in the VSMC model was abolished by pretreatment with the PKC inhibitor Go6976. CONCLUSION These results indicate that CST inhibits aortic calcification and osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs likely via the GSK3β/β-catenin and PKC signalling pathways, but not JNK signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Liu
- Department of Cardiology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - F. Lin
- Department of Comprehensive Geriatric; Mianyang Central Hospital; Mianyang China
| | - Y. Fu
- Department of Cardiology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - W. Chen
- Department of Cardiology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - W. Liu
- Department of Cardiology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - J. Chi
- Department of Cardiology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - X. Zhang
- Department of Cardiology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - X. Yin
- Department of Cardiology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
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Jiang J, Jin W, Peng Y, Liang X, Li S, Wei L, Lei Z, Li L, Chang M. The role of Cortistatin-14 in the gastrointestinal motility in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:355-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Clementi ME, Sampaolese B, Lazzarino G, Tringali G. Ultraviolet A radiation induces cortistatin overexpression and activation of somatostatin receptors in ARPE‑19 cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5538-5543. [PMID: 29393496 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is associated with pathological alterations of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). It has been indicated that Cortistatin (CST) and somatostatin (SST) are able to inhibit the neurodegeneration of the RPE associated with diabetic retinopathy and retinal ischemia via activation of SST receptors (SSTRs). To the best of our knowledge, the present study indicated for the first time that treatment with UV‑A (30 and 60 min) causes an increase of CST expression, rather than SST, which was linked with the upregulation of STTR3,4,5 subtype receptor gene expression levels. The study revealed that: i) SST and CST mRNA expression were both detected under basal conditions in a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line (Arpe‑19); ii) SST expression remained constant from baseline to 1 h of UV‑A treatment; iii) CST mRNA expression levels were 80 times increased compared with time 0 and after 30 min of exposition to ultraviolet irradiation; iv) SSTR1, SSTR2 mRNA and low levels of SSTR4 were expressed in basal conditions, whereas SSTR3 and SSTR5 mRNA were not detected under the same conditions; and v) only SSTR3, SSTR4 and SSTR5 were overexpressed after UV‑A treatment, although in a different way. In conclusion, the findings provide reasonable evidence to support the pathophysiological role of the CST/SST/SSTRs system in the adaptive response of the RPE exposed to UV‑A radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisabetta Clementi
- CNR‑ICRM Institute of Chemistry of Molecular Recognition (ICRM), Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University School of Medicine, I‑00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Sampaolese
- CNR‑ICRM Institute of Chemistry of Molecular Recognition (ICRM), Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University School of Medicine, I‑00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lazzarino
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University School of Medicine, I‑00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tringali
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine, I‑00168 Rome, Italy
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Bátai IZ, Horváth Á, Pintér E, Helyes Z, Pozsgai G. Role of Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 Ion Channel and Somatostatin sst4 Receptor in the Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Sodium Polysulfide and Dimethyl Trisulfide. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:55. [PMID: 29535682 PMCID: PMC5835328 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) non-selective ligand-gated cation channels are mostly expressed in primary sensory neurons. Polysulfides (POLYs) are Janus-faced substances interacting with numerous target proteins and associated with both protective and detrimental processes. Activation of TRPA1 in sensory neurons, consequent somatostatin (SOM) liberation and action on sst4 receptors have recently emerged as mediators of the antinociceptive effect of organic trisulfide dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS). In the frame of the present study, we set out to compare the participation of this mechanism in antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of inorganic sodium POLY and DMTS in carrageenan-evoked hind-paw inflammation. Inflammation of murine hind paws was induced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan (3% in 30 µL saline). Animals were treated intraperitoneally with POLY (17 µmol/kg) or DMTS (250 µmol/kg) or their respective vehicles 30 min prior paw challenge and six times afterward every 60 min. Mechanical pain threshold and swelling of the paws were measured by dynamic plantar aesthesiometry and plethysmometry at 2, 4, and 6 h after initiation of inflammation. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the hind paws were detected 6 h after challenge by luminescent imaging. Mice genetically lacking TRPA1 ion channels, sst4 receptors and their wild-type counterparts were used to examine the participation of these proteins in POLY and DMTS effects. POLY counteracted carrageenan-evoked mechanical hyperalgesia in a TRPA1 and sst4 receptor-dependent manner. POLY did not influence paw swelling and MPO activity. DMTS ameliorated all examined inflammatory parameters. Mitigation of mechanical hyperalgesia and paw swelling by DMTS were mediated through sst4 receptors. These effects were present in TRPA1 knockout animals, too. DMTS inhibited MPO activity with no participation of the sensory neuron-SOM axis. While antinociceptive effects of POLY are transmitted by activation of peptidergic nerves via TRPA1, release of SOM and its effect on sst4 receptors, those of DMTS partially rely on SOM release triggered by other routes. SOM is responsible for the inhibition of paw swelling by DMTS, but TRPA1 does not contribute to its release. Modulation of MPO activity by DMTS is independent of TRPA1 and sst4.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Z. Bátai
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ádám Horváth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Pozsgai
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Gábor Pozsgai,
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Intrahippocampal injection of Cortistatin-14 impairs recognition memory consolidation in mice through activation of sst 2 , ghrelin and GABA A/B receptors. Brain Res 2017; 1666:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Analgesic effect of dimethyl trisulfide in mice is mediated by TRPA1 and sst 4 receptors. Nitric Oxide 2017; 65:10-21. [PMID: 28137611 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
TRPA1 receptors are calcium-permeable ligand-gated channels expressed in primary sensory neurons and involved in inflammation and pain. Activation of these neurons might have analgesic effect. Suggested mechanism of analgesic effect mediated by TRPA1 activation is the release of somatostatin (SOM) and its action on sst4 receptors. In the present study analgesic effect of TRPA1 activation on primary sensory neurons by organic trisulfide compound dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) presumably leading to SOM release was investigated. Opening of TRPA1 by DMTS in CHO cells was examined by patch-clamp and fluorescent Ca2+ detection. Ca2+ influx upon DMTS administration in trigeminal ganglion (TRG) neurons of TRPA1 receptor wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice was detected by ratiometric Ca2+ imaging. SOM release from sensory nerves of murine skin was assessed by radioimmunoassay. Analgesic effect of DMTS in mild heat injury-induced mechanical hyperalgesia was examined by dynamic plantar aesthesiometry. Regulatory role of DMTS on deep body temperature (Tb) was measured by thermocouple thermometry with respirometry and by telemetric thermometry. DMTS produced TRPA1-mediated currents and elevated [Ca2+]i in CHO cells. Similar data were obtained in TRG neurons. DMTS released SOM from murine sensory neurons TRPA1-dependently. DMTS exerted analgesic effect mediated by TRPA1 and sst4 receptors. DMTS-evoked hypothermia and hypokinesis were attenuated in freely-moving TRPA1 KO animals. Our study has presented original evidence regarding analgesic action of DMTS which might be due to TRPA1-mediated SOM release from sensory neurons and activation of sst4 receptors. DMTS could be a novel analgesic drug candidate.
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Gruber HE, Marrero E, Ingram JA, Hoelscher GL, Hanley EN. The chemokine, CXCL16, and its receptor, CXCR6, are constitutively expressed in human annulus fibrosus and expression of CXCL16 is up-regulated by exposure to IL-1ß in vitro. Biotech Histochem 2016; 92:7-14. [PMID: 27869573 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2016.1237672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are an important group of soluble molecules with specialized functions in inflammation. The roles of many specialized chemokines and their receptors remain poorly understood in the human intervertebral disc. We investigated CXCL16 and its receptor, CXCR6, to determine their immunolocalization in disc tissue and their presence following exposure of cultured human annulus fibrosus cells to proinflammatory cytokines. CXCL16 is a marker for inflammation; it also can induce hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), which is a phenotypic marker of heathy nucleus pulposus tissue. We found CXCL16 and CXCR6 immunostaining in many cells of the annulus portion of the disc. Molecular studies showed that annulus fibrosus cells exposed to IL-1ß, but not TNF-α, exhibited significant up-regulation of CXCL16 expression vs. control cells. There was no significant difference in the percentage of annulus cells that exhibited immunolocalization of CXCL16 in grade I/II, grade III or grade IV/V specimens. The presence of CXCL16 and its receptor, CXCR6, in the annulus in vivo suggests the need for future research concerning the role of this chemokine in proinflammatory functions, HIF-1α expression and disc vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Gruber
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Carolinas Medical Center , Charlotte , North Carolina
| | - E Marrero
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Carolinas Medical Center , Charlotte , North Carolina
| | - J A Ingram
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Carolinas Medical Center , Charlotte , North Carolina
| | - G L Hoelscher
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Carolinas Medical Center , Charlotte , North Carolina
| | - E N Hanley
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Carolinas Medical Center , Charlotte , North Carolina
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Cortistatin inhibits calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells by depressing osteoblastic differentiation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2671-2681. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Cordoba-Chacón J, Gahete MD, Pozo-Salas AI, de Lecea L, Castaño JP, Luque RM. Cortistatin Is a Key Factor Regulating the Sex-Dependent Response of the GH and Stress Axes to Fasting in Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2810-23. [PMID: 27175972 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cortistatin (CORT) shares high structural and functional similarities with somatostatin (SST) but displays unique sex-dependent pituitary actions. Indeed, although female CORT-knockout (CORT-KO) mice exhibit enhanced GH expression/secretion, Proopiomelanocortin expression, and circulating ACTH/corticosterone/ghrelin levels, male CORT-KO mice only display increased plasma GH/corticosterone levels. Changes in peripheral ghrelin and SST (rather than hypothalamic levels) seem to regulate GH/ACTH axes in CORT-KOs under fed conditions. Because changes in GH/ACTH axes during fasting provide important adaptive mechanisms, we sought to determine whether CORT absence influences GH/ACTH axes during fasting. Accordingly, fed and fasted male/female CORT-KO were compared with littermate controls. Fasting increased circulating GH levels in male/female controls but not in CORT-KO, suggesting that CORT can be a relevant regulator of GH secretion during fasting. However, GH levels were already higher in CORT-KO than in controls in fed state, which might preclude a further elevation in GH levels. Interestingly, although fasting-induced pituitary GH expression was elevated in both male/female controls, GH expression only increased in fasted female CORT-KOs, likely owing to specific changes observed in key factors controlling somatotrope responsiveness (ie, circulating ghrelin and IGF-1, and pituitary GHRH and ghrelin receptor expression). Fasting increased corticosterone levels in control and, most prominently, in CORT-KO mice, which might be associated with a desensitization to SST signaling and to an augmentation in CRH and ghrelin-signaling regulating corticotrope function. Altogether, these results provide compelling evidence that CORT plays a key, sex-dependent role in the regulation of the GH/ACTH axes in response to fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Cordoba-Chacón
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), University of Córdoba; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.); and Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), Córdoba 14004, Spain; Department of Medicine (J.C.-C.), Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development Division, Chicago, Illinois 60612; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L.d.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), University of Córdoba; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.); and Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), Córdoba 14004, Spain; Department of Medicine (J.C.-C.), Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development Division, Chicago, Illinois 60612; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L.d.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305
| | - Ana I Pozo-Salas
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), University of Córdoba; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.); and Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), Córdoba 14004, Spain; Department of Medicine (J.C.-C.), Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development Division, Chicago, Illinois 60612; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L.d.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), University of Córdoba; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.); and Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), Córdoba 14004, Spain; Department of Medicine (J.C.-C.), Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development Division, Chicago, Illinois 60612; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L.d.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), University of Córdoba; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.); and Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), Córdoba 14004, Spain; Department of Medicine (J.C.-C.), Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development Division, Chicago, Illinois 60612; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L.d.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), University of Córdoba; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.); and Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (J.C.-C., M.D.G., A.I.P.-S., J.P.C., R.M.L.), Córdoba 14004, Spain; Department of Medicine (J.C.-C.), Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Research and Development Division, Chicago, Illinois 60612; and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (L.d.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305
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Gonzalez-Rey E, Pedreño M, Delgado-Maroto V, Souza-Moreira L, Delgado M. Lulling immunity, pain, and stress to sleep with cortistatin. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1351:89-98. [PMID: 25951888 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cortistatin is a neuropeptide isolated from cortical brain regions, showing high structural homology and sharing many functions with somatostatin. However, cortistatin exerts unique functions in the central nervous and immune systems, including decreasing locomotor activity, inducing sleep-promoting effects, and deactivating inflammatory and T helper (TH )1/TH 17-driven responses in preclinical models of sepsis, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and colitis. Besides its release by cortical and hippocampal interneurons, cortistatin is produced by macrophages, lymphocytes, and peripheral nociceptive neurons in response to inflammatory stimuli, supporting a physiological role of cortistatin in the immune and nociceptive systems. Cortistatin-deficient mice have been shown to have exacerbated nociceptive responses to neuropathic and inflammatory pain sensitization. However, a paradoxical effect has been observed in studies of immune disorders, in which, despite showing competent inflammatory/autoreactive responses, cortistatin-deficient mice were partially resistant to systemic autoimmunity and inflammation. This unexpected phenotype was associated with elevated circulating glucocorticoids and anxiety-like behavior. These findings support cortistatin as a novel multimodal therapeutic approach to treat autoimmunity and clinical pain and identify it as a key endogenous component of the neuroimmune system related to stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gonzalez-Rey
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Pedreño
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Virginia Delgado-Maroto
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Mario Delgado
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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Pintér E, Pozsgai G, Hajna Z, Helyes Z, Szolcsányi J. Neuropeptide receptors as potential drug targets in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 77:5-20. [PMID: 23432438 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-talk between the nervous, endocrine and immune systems exists via regulator molecules, such as neuropeptides, hormones and cytokines. A number of neuropeptides have been implicated in the genesis of inflammation, such as tachykinins and calcitonin gene-related peptide. Development of their receptor antagonists could be a promising approach to anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy. Anti-inflammatory neuropeptides, such as vasoactive intestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, urocortin, adrenomedullin, somatostatin, cortistatin, ghrelin, galanin and opioid peptides, are also released and act on their own receptors on the neurons as well as on different inflammatory and immune cells. The aim of the present review is to summarize the most prominent data of preclinical animal studies concerning the main pharmacological effects of ligands acting on the neuropeptide receptors. Promising therapeutic impacts of these compounds as potential candidates for the development of novel types of anti-inflammatory drugs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12., H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20., H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
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Gruber HE, Hoelscher GL, Bethea SF, Menscher EA, Ingram JA, Templin MA, Hanley EN. Cortistatin is endogenous to the human intervertebral disc and exerts in vitro mitogenic effects on annulus cells and a downregulatory effect on TNF-α expression. Spine J 2014; 14:2995-3001. [PMID: 24912122 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Cortistatin (CST) is a recently discovered cyclic neuropeptide with biologic anti-inflammatory properties relevant to disc degeneration. PURPOSE To test whether CST is present in the disc tissue, whether its expression is influenced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and whether it influences cell proliferation. STUDY DESIGN Institutional review board-approved study using immunohistochemistry on human disc tissue, in vitro annulus cultures to determine the effect of CST on cell proliferation, and the effect of TNF-α on CST gene expression. PATIENT SAMPLE Discs from 12 subjects used for immunohistochemistry, four annulus specimens used for cell culture with proinflammatory cytokines, and 11 used for cell proliferation analyses. OUTCOME MEASURES Immunohistochemical localization of CST, gene expression of CST, and cell proliferation analyses. METHODS Immunohistochemistry localized CST in disc tissue. Microarray analysis measured CST gene expression. Human annulus cells were exposed to CST for proliferation tests or cultured for the effect of TNF-α on CST expression. Standard statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry identified CST in outer annulus, inner annulus, and nucleus tissue. Annulus cells exposed to TNF-α revealed significantly lower CST expression (p=.013). Exposure to CST significantly increased proliferation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction also confirmed expression of CST in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Data provide the first evidence that CST is present in the human disc. Addition of CST significantly increased cell proliferation. Cortistatin expression was significantly downregulated by TNF-α exposure in vitro. Findings suggest possible in vivo reduction of the anti-inflammatory actions of CST because of elevated proinflammatory cytokines during degenerating disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Gruber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, PO Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA.
| | - Gretchen L Hoelscher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, PO Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA
| | - Synthia F Bethea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, PO Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA
| | - Evan A Menscher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, PO Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA
| | - Jane A Ingram
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, PO Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA
| | - Megan A Templin
- Dickson Advanced Analytics, Carolinas Medical Center, PO Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA
| | - Edward N Hanley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, PO Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA
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Horváth K, Boros M, Bagoly T, Sándor V, Kilár F, Kemény A, Helyes Z, Szolcsányi J, Pintér E. Analgesic topical capsaicinoid therapy increases somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the human plasma. Neuropeptides 2014; 48:371-8. [PMID: 25455106 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of local capsaicinoid (EMSPOMA(®) cream) treatment on chronic low back pain in patients with degenerative spine diseases and to investigate the possible mechanism of action of the therapy. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of capsaicinoids in EMSPOMA(®) cream were performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In the clinical study 20 patients with degenerative spine diseases were involved in a self-controlled examination. During the 21 day therapy they received 30 min daily treatment with capsaicinoid (EMSPOMA(®)) cream to the lumbar region of the back. The pain (VASs, Oswestry Disability Index) and the mobility of the lumbar region of the spine (Schober's, Domján's L and R test) were detected at baseline and at the end of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks. The plasma level of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SST-LI) was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) before and after the treatment on the first and the last day of the therapy. Nonivamide (0.01%) was identified as the only capsaicinoid molecule in the cream. In the clinical study the 21 day local nonivamide treatment reduced the pain sensation. Oswestry Disability Index decreased from 39 ± 3.9% to 32.5 ± 4.4%. VASs showed 37.29%-59.51% improvement. In the plasma level of SST-LI threefold elevation was observed after the first nonivamide treatment. We conclude that nonivamide treatment exerts analgesic action in chronic low back pain and causes the release of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory neuropeptide somatostatin which may play pivotal role in the pain-relieving effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Horváth
- Zsigmondy Vilmos Harkány Medicinal Spa Hospital, 1 Zsigmondy Street, Harkány 7815, Hungary
| | - Melinda Boros
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Teréz Bagoly
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Viktor Sándor
- MTA-PTE Molecular Interactions in Separation Science Research Group, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs 7624, Hungary; Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Kilár
- Department of Bioanalysis, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs 7624, Hungary; Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Agnes Kemény
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs 7624, Hungary; Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs 7624, Hungary; Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - János Szolcsányi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs 7624, Hungary; Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs 7624, Hungary.
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Seney ML, Tripp A, McCune S, Lewis DA, Sibille E. Laminar and cellular analyses of reduced somatostatin gene expression in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in major depression. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 73:213-9. [PMID: 25315685 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin (SST), a neuropeptide expressed in dendritic-targeting gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons, is decreased across corticolimbic areas in major depressive disorder (MDD). SST-positive GABA neurons form heterogeneous subgroups with different laminar distributions and electrophysiological properties, so knowing the anatomical and cellular localization of reduced SST may provide insight into the nature of the pathology in MDD. In cohorts of MDD subjects with known reduction of SST in postmortem sgACC gray matter, we used in situ hybridization to quantify the laminar and cellular patterns of altered SST mRNA expression. SST mRNA levels were lower across all cortical layers in the MDD subjects. Expression levels per cell were also lower, but the density of labeled neurons did not differ between subject groups. Consistent with the previous tissue level analysis, differences were more robust in females. In summary, we report MDD-related reduction in SST expression per cell across cortical layers in sgACC, suggesting a general vulnerability of SST neurons independent of specific cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne L Seney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam Tripp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samuel McCune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Campbell Family Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Gahete MD, Luque RM, Yubero-Serrano EM, Cruz-Teno C, Ibañez-Costa A, Delgado-Lista J, Gracia-Navarro F, Perez-Jimenez F, Castaño JP, Lopez-Miranda J. Dietary fat alters the expression of cortistatin and ghrelin systems in the PBMCs of elderly subjects: putative implications in the postprandial inflammatory response. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1897-906. [PMID: 24995559 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary fat influences systemic inflammatory status, which determines the progression of age-associated diseases. Since somatostatin (SST), cortistatin (CORT), and ghrelin systems modulate inflammatory response, we aim to comprehensively characterize the presence and regulation of the components of these systems in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs), a subset of white blood cells placed at the crossroad between diet and inflammation, in response to diets with different fat composition, and during the postprandial phase in elderly subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS The applied nutrigenomic, inflammation-related PBMC-based approach revealed that the majority of components of SST/CORT and ghrelin systems are present in the human PBMCs. Particularly, CORT, SST/CORT receptors (sst2, sst3, sst5, and sst5TMD4), ghrelin, its acylating enzyme (GOAT), In1-ghrelin variant, and GHSR1b were detected in PBMCs. Their expression was altered in the long-term by diet composition, and in the short-term, during the postprandial phase. Of particular relevance is the postprandial elevation of CORT, sst2, and sst5 expression in PBMCs of subjects under n-3 PUFAs-enriched diet. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a potential relevant role of CORT/ssts and ghrelin systems in regulating PBMCs response to nutrient intake, which could help to explain the positive effects of n-3 PUFAs-enriched diets in reducing the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel D Gahete
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Córdoba, Spain; Lipid and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, IMIBIC and CIBERObn, Córdoba, Spain
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Morell M, Camprubí-Robles M, Culler MD, de Lecea L, Delgado M. Cortistatin attenuates inflammatory pain via spinal and peripheral actions. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 63:141-54. [PMID: 24333694 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical pain, as a consequence of inflammation or injury of peripheral organs (inflammatory pain) or nerve injury (neuropathic pain), represents a serious public health issue. Treatment of pain-related suffering requires knowledge of how pain signals are initially interpreted and subsequently transmitted and perpetuated. To limit duration and intensity of pain, inhibitory signals participate in pain perception. Cortistatin is a cyclic-neuropeptide that exerts potent inhibitory actions on cortical neurons and immune cells. Here, we found that cortistatin is a natural analgesic component of the peripheral nociceptive system produced by peptidergic nociceptive neurons of the dorsal root ganglia in response to inflammatory and noxious stimuli. Moreover, cortistatin is produced by GABAergic interneurons of deep layers of dorsal horn of spinal cord. By using cortistatin-deficient mice, we demonstrated that endogenous cortistatin critically tunes pain perception in physiological and pathological states. Furthermore, peripheral and spinal injection of cortistatin potently reduced nocifensive behavior, heat hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia in experimental models of clinical pain evoked by chronic inflammation, surgery and arthritis. The analgesic effects of cortistatin were independent of its anti-inflammatory activity and directly exerted on peripheral and central nociceptive terminals via Gαi-coupled somatostatin-receptors (mainly sstr2) and blocking intracellular signaling that drives neuronal plasticity including protein kinase A-, calcium- and Akt/ERK-mediated release of nociceptive peptides. Moreover, cortistatin could modulate, through its binding to ghrelin-receptor (GHSR1), pain-induced sensitization of secondary neurons in spinal cord. Therefore, cortistatin emerges as an anti-inflammatory factor with potent analgesic effects that offers a new approach to clinical pain therapy, especially in inflammatory states.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Morell
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - María Camprubí-Robles
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Miguel Hernandez University, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mario Delgado
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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Chéret J, Lebonvallet N, Carré JL, Misery L, Le Gall-Ianotto C. Role of neuropeptides, neurotrophins, and neurohormones in skin wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 2013; 21:772-88. [PMID: 24134750 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Due to the close interactions between the skin and peripheral nervous system, there is increasing evidence that the cutaneous innervation is an important modulator of the normal wound healing process. The communication between sensory neurons and skin cells involves a variety of molecules (neuropeptides, neurohormones, and neurotrophins) and their specific receptors expressed by both neuronal and nonneuronal skin cells. It is well established that neurotransmitters and nerve growth factors released in skin have immunoregulatory roles and can exert mitogenic actions; they could also influence the functions of the different skin cell types during the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Chéret
- Laboratory of Neurosciences of Brest (EA4685), University of Western Brittany, Brest, France
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Morell M, Souza-Moreira L, Caro M, O'Valle F, Forte-Lago I, de Lecea L, Gonzalez-Rey E, Delgado M. Analgesic Effect of the Neuropeptide Cortistatin in Murine Models of Arthritic Inflammatory Pain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:1390-401. [DOI: 10.1002/art.37877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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