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Mobinhosseini F, Salehirad M, Wallace Hayes A, Motaghinejad M, Hekmati M, Safari S, Gholami M. Curcumin-ZnO conjugated nanoparticles confer neuroprotection against ketamine-induced neurotoxicity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23611. [PMID: 38084605 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanotechnology and its application to manipulate herbal compounds to design new neuroprotective agents to manage neurotoxicity has recently increased. Cur-ZnO conjugated nanoparticles were synthesized and used in an experimental model of ketamine-induced neurotoxicity. METHODS Cur-ZnO conjugated nanoparticles were chemically characterized, and the average crystalline size was determined. Forty-nine adult mice were divided into seven groups of seven animals each. Normal saline was given to control mice (group 1). Ketamine (25 mg/kg) was given to a second group. A third group of mice was given ketamine (25 mg/kg) in combination with curcumin (40 mg/kg), while mice in groups 4, 5, and 6 received ketamine (25 mg/kg) plus Cur-ZnO nanoparticles (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg). Group 7 received only ZnO (5 mg/kg). All doses were ip for 14 days. Hippocampal mitochondrial quadruple complex enzymes, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic characteristics were assessed. RESULTS Cur-ZnO nanoparticles and curcumin decreased lipid peroxidation, GSSG content, IL-1β, TNF-α, and Bax levels while increasing GSH and antioxidant enzymes like GPx, GR, and SOD while increasing Bcl-2 level and mitochondrial quadruple complex enzymes in ketamine treatment groups. CONCLUSION The neuroprotective properties of Cur-ZnO nanoparticles were efficient in preventing ketamine-induced neurotoxicity in the mouse brain. The nanoparticle form of curcumin (Cur-ZnO) required lower doses to produce neuroprotective effects against ketamine-induced toxicity than conventional curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mobinhosseini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Salehirad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malak Hekmati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Safari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Gholami
- College of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Morén C, Treder N, Martínez-Pinteño A, Rodríguez N, Arbelo N, Madero S, Gómez M, Mas S, Gassó P, Parellada E. Systematic Review of the Therapeutic Role of Apoptotic Inhibitors in Neurodegeneration and Their Potential Use in Schizophrenia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2275. [PMID: 36421461 PMCID: PMC9686909 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a deleterious brain disorder affecting cognition, emotion and reality perception. The most widely accepted neurochemical-hypothesis is the imbalance of neurotransmitter-systems. Depleted GABAergic-inhibitory function might produce a regionally-located dopaminergic and glutamatergic-storm in the brain. The dopaminergic-release may underlie the positive psychotic-symptoms while the glutamatergic-release could prompt the primary negative symptoms/cognitive deficits. This may occur due to excessive synaptic-pruning during the neurodevelopmental stages of adolescence/early adulthood. Thus, although SZ is not a neurodegenerative disease, it has been suggested that exaggerated dendritic-apoptosis could explain the limited neuroprogression around its onset. This apoptotic nature of SZ highlights the potential therapeutic action of anti-apoptotic drugs, especially at prodromal stages. If dysregulation of apoptotic mechanisms underlies the molecular basis of SZ, then anti-apoptotic molecules could be a prodromal therapeutic option to halt or prevent SZ. In fact, risk alleles related in apoptotic genes have been recently associated to SZ and shared molecular apoptotic changes are common in the main neurodegenerative disorders and SZ. PRISMA-guidelines were considered. Anti-apoptotic drugs are commonly applied in classic neurodegenerative disorders with promising results. Despite both the apoptotic-hallmarks of SZ and the widespread use of anti-apoptotic targets in neurodegeneration, there is a strikingly scarce number of studies investigating anti-apoptotic approaches in SZ. We analyzed the anti-apoptotic approaches conducted in neurodegeneration and the potential applications of such anti-apoptotic therapies as a promising novel therapeutic strategy, especially during early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Morén
- Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Institute of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience Area, The August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- U722 Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nina Treder
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Martínez-Pinteño
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natàlia Rodríguez
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Néstor Arbelo
- Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Institute of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- G04 Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Madero
- Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Institute of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- G04 Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez
- Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Institute of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- G04 Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 36001 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Sergi Mas
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience Area, The August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- G04 Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Gassó
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience Area, The August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- G04 Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Parellada
- Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Institute of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience Area, The August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- G04 Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Antioxidant Therapeutic Strategies in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169328. [PMID: 36012599 PMCID: PMC9409201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinguishing pathogenic features of neurodegenerative diseases include mitochondrial dysfunction and derived reactive oxygen species generation. The neural tissue is highly sensitive to oxidative stress and this is a prominent factor in both chronic and acute neurodegeneration. Based on this, therapeutic strategies using antioxidant molecules towards redox equilibrium have been widely used for the treatment of several brain pathologies. Globally, polyphenols, carotenes and vitamins are among the most typical exogenous antioxidant agents that have been tested in neurodegeneration as adjunctive therapies. However, other types of antioxidants, including hormones, such as the widely used melatonin, are also considered neuroprotective agents and have been used in different neurodegenerative contexts. This review highlights the most relevant mitochondrial antioxidant targets in the main neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease and also in the less represented amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as traumatic brain injury, while summarizing the latest randomized placebo-controlled trials.
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Zhang Z, Liu W, Shen M, Ma X, Li R, Jin X, Bai H, Gao L. Protective Effect of GM1 Attenuates Hippocampus and Cortex Apoptosis After Ketamine Exposure in Neonatal Rat via PI3K/AKT/GSK3β Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3471-3483. [PMID: 33733293 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine is a widely used analgesic and anesthetic in obstetrics and pediatrics. Ketamine is known to promote neuronal death and cognitive dysfunction in the brains of humans and animals during development. Monosialotetrahexosyl ganglioside (GM1), a promoter of brain development, exerts neuroprotective effects in many neurological disease models. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of GM1 and its potential underlying mechanism against ketamine-induced apoptosis of rats. Seven-day-old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: (1) group C (control group: normal saline was injected intraperitoneally); (2) group K (ketamine); (3) group GM1 (GM1 was given before normal saline injection); and (4) GM1+K group (received GM1 30 min before continuous exposure to ketamine). Each group contained 15 rats, received six doses of ketamine (20 mg/kg), and was injected with saline every 90 min. The Morris water maze (MWM) test, the number of cortical and hippocampal cells, apoptosis, and AKT/GSK3β pathway were analyzed. To determine whether GM1 exerted its effect via the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway, PC12 cells were incubated with LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. We found that GM1 protected against ketamine-induced apoptosis in the hippocampus and cortex by reducing the expression of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3, and by increasing the expression of Bax. GM1 treatment increased the expression of p-AKT and p-GSK3β. However, the anti-apoptotic effect of GM1 was eliminated after inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT. We showed that GM1 lessens ketamine-induced apoptosis in the hippocampus and cortex of young rats by regulating the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway. Taken together, GM1 may be a potential preventive treatment for the neurotoxicity caused by continuous exposure to ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Rd, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenhan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meilun Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Rd, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiangying Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Rd, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Rouqian Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Rd, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaodi Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Rd, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hui Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Rd, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Li Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Rd, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China.
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Czerniczyniec A, Karadayian AG, Bustamante J, Lores-Arnaiz S. Ketamine treatment affects hippocampal but not cortical mitochondrial function in prepubertal rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:175-187. [PMID: 32053738 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous reports have shown that ketamine triggered apoptosis in immature developing brain involving mitochondrial-mediated pathways. However, no data for ketamine effects on hippocampal and cortical mitochondrial function are available in prepubertal rats. Twenty-one-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats received ketamine (40 mg/kg i.p.) for 3 days and were killed 24 hr after the last injection. Hippocampal mitochondria from ketamine-treated rats showed decreased malate-glutamate state 4 and 3 respiratory rates and an inhibition in complex I and IV activities. Hippocampal mitochondrial membrane depolarization and mitochondrial permeability transition induction were observed. This was not reflected in an increment of H2 O2 production probably due to increased Mn-SOD and catalase activities, 24 hr after treatment. Interestingly, increased H2 O2 production rates and cardiolipin oxidation were found in hippocampal mitochondria shortly after ketamine treatment (45 min). Unlike the hippocampus, ketamine did not affect mitochondrial parameters in the brain cortex, being the area less vulnerable to suffer ketamine-induced oxidative damage. Results provide evidences that exposure of prepubertal rats to ketamine leads to an induction of mitochondrial ROS generation at early stages of treatment that was normalized by the triggering of antioxidant systems. Although hippocampal mitochondria from prepubertal rats were capable of responding to the oxidative stress, they remain partially dysfunctional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analía Czerniczyniec
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía G Karadayian
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juanita Bustamante
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Lores-Arnaiz
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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6
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Eustaquio T, Wang C, Dugard CK, George NI, Liu F, Slikker W, Paule MG, Howard PC, Paredes AM. Electron microscopy techniques employed to explore mitochondrial defects in the developing rat brain following ketamine treatment. Exp Cell Res 2018; 373:164-170. [PMID: 30342004 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine, an FDA-approved N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, is commonly used for general pediatric anesthesia. Accumulating evidence has indicated that prolonged exposure to ketamine induces widespread apoptotic cell death in the developing brains of experimental animals. Although mitochondria are known to play a pivotal role in cell death, little is known about the alterations in mitochondrial ultrastructure that occur during ketamine-induced neurotoxicity. The objective of this pilot study was to utilize classic and contemporary methods in electron microscopy to study the impact of ketamine on the structure of mitochondria in the developing rat brain. While transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to comprehensively study mitochondrial inner membrane topology, serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) was used as a complementary technique to compare the overall mitochondrial morphology from a representative treated and untreated neuron. In this study, postnatal day 7 (PND-7) Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with ketamine or saline (6 subcutaneous injections × 20 mg/kg or 10 ml/kg, respectively, at 2-h intervals with a 6-h withdrawal period after the last injection, n=6 each group). Samples from the frontal cortex were harvested and analyzed using TEM or SBF-SEM. While classic TEM revealed that repeated ketamine exposure induces significant mitochondrial swelling in neurons, the newer technique of SBF-SEM confirmed the mitochondrial swelling in three dimensions (3D) and showed that ketamine exposure may also induce mitochondrial fission, which was not observable in the two dimensions (2D) of TEM. Furthermore, 3D statistical analysis of these reconstructed mitochondria appeared to show that ketamine-treated mitochondria had significantly larger volumes per unit surface area than mitochondria from the untreated neuron. The ultrastructural mitochondrial alterations demonstrated here by TEM and SBF-SEM support ketamine's proposed mechanism of neurotoxicity in the developing rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Eustaquio
- NCTR/ORA Nanotechnology Core Facility, Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Cheng Wang
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Christopher K Dugard
- NCTR/ORA Nanotechnology Core Facility, Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Nysia I George
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Fang Liu
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - William Slikker
- Office of the Center Director, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Merle G Paule
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Paul C Howard
- NCTR/ORA Nanotechnology Core Facility, Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Angel M Paredes
- NCTR/ORA Nanotechnology Core Facility, Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States.
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Wu C, Wang J, Guo X, Zhang Y. Ketamine exacerbates cortical neuroapoptosis under hyperoxic conditions by upregulating expression of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR1 in the developing rat brain. BMC Anesthesiol 2018; 18:52. [PMID: 29747570 PMCID: PMC5944052 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-018-0511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketamine and hyperoxia are widely used in obstetric and pediatric settings. Either ketamine or hyperoxia has been reported to cause neuroapoptosis in the developing brain, and ketamine-induced neuronal apoptosis may involve a compensatory upregulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor NR1 subunit. This study investigated the impact of ketamine administration under hyperoxic conditions on cortical neuroapoptosis and NR1 subunit expression in the infant rat brain. METHODS Male, 7-day-old rats were randomly allocated to four groups: control, ketamine, hyperoxia, and ketamine + hyperoxia (n = 18 per group). Rats in the control and ketamine groups received subcutaneous injections of either vehicle (saline) or ketamine (50 mg/kg) in room air (21% oxygen). The hyperoxia and ketamine + hyperoxia groups were exposed to 60% oxygen for 2 h after receiving saline or ketamine. Physiological parameters and arterial oxygen saturation were observed. Neuronal apoptosis and the expressions of NR1 mRNA and protein in the frontal cortex were also examined by transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays, qPCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS Ketamine alone had no effect on paO2 (P > 0.05), but pups exposed to hyperoxia or hyperoxia + ketamine had significantly greater paO2 values compared to control animals (P < 0.01). Animals exposed to ketamine and ketamine + hyperoxia showed higher apoptotic scores, mRNA and protein expression levels of NR1 than control animals (P < 0.01), and ketamine + hyperoxia caused a significantly greater increase than ketamine alone (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that ketamine administration under hyperoxic conditions exacerbates cortical neuroapoptosis in the developing brain, which may be closely associated with an enhancement in NMDA receptor NR1 subunit expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Boai Hospital, School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 North Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100077, People's Republic of China.
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Ieraci A, Herrera DG. Nicotinamide Inhibits Ethanol-Induced Caspase-3 and PARP-1 Over-activation and Subsequent Neurodegeneration in the Developing Mouse Cerebellum. THE CEREBELLUM 2018; 17:326-335. [DOI: 10.1007/s12311-017-0916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Ketamine induces neuronal apoptosis and cognitive disorder via miR-199a-5p/HIF-1α in neonatal rats. Mol Cell Toxicol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-017-0044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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10
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Molecular Mechanisms of Anesthetic Neurotoxicity: A Review of the Current Literature. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2017; 28:361-372. [PMID: 27564556 DOI: 10.1097/ana.0000000000000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Data from epidemiologic studies and animal models have raised a concern that exposure to anesthetic agents during early postnatal life may cause lasting impairments in cognitive function. It is hypothesized that this is due to disruptions in brain development, but the mechanism underlying this toxic effect remains unknown. Ongoing research, particularly in rodents, has begun to address this question. In this review we examine currently postulated molecular mechanisms of anesthetic toxicity in the developing brain, including effects on cell death pathways, growth factor signaling systems, NMDA and GABA receptors, mitochondria, and epigenetic factors. The level of evidence for each putative mechanism is critically evaluated, and we attempt to draw connections between them where it is possible to do so. Although there are many promising avenues of research, at this time no consensus can be reached as to a definitive mechanism of injury.
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Card EB, Wells NL. An Introduction to the Smart Tots Consensus Statement on the Use of Anesthetic and Sedative Drugs in Infants and Toddlers. J Perianesth Nurs 2017; 31:3-10. [PMID: 26847775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Venkatesh Gobi V, Rajasankar S, Ramkumar M, Dhanalakshmi C, Manivasagam T, Justin Thenmozhi A, Essa MM, Chidambaram R. Agaricus blazeiextract attenuates rotenone-induced apoptosis through its mitochondrial protective and antioxidant properties in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 21:97-107. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1222332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Srinivasagam Rajasankar
- Department of Anatomy, Velammal Medical College and Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625009, India
| | - Muthu Ramkumar
- Department of Anatomy, Bharath University, Selaiyur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600073, India
| | - Chinnasamy Dhanalakshmi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu 608002, India
| | - Thamilarasan Manivasagam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu 608002, India
| | - Arokiasamy Justin Thenmozhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu 608002, India
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Food and Brain Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600094, India
| | - Ranganathan Chidambaram
- Department of Radiology, Sri Lakshminarayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
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Nicotinamide Suppresses the DNA Damage Sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Independently of Sirtuin Deacetylases. Genetics 2016; 204:569-579. [PMID: 27527516 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.193524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide is both a reaction product and an inhibitor of the conserved sirtuin family of deacetylases, which have been implicated in a broad range of cellular functions in eukaryotes from yeast to humans. Phenotypes observed following treatment with nicotinamide are most often assumed to stem from inhibition of one or more of these enzymes. Here, we used this small molecule to inhibit multiple sirtuins at once during treatment with DNA damaging agents in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae model system. Since sirtuins have been previously implicated in the DNA damage response, we were surprised to observe that nicotinamide actually increased the survival of yeast cells exposed to the DNA damage agent MMS. Remarkably, we found that enhanced resistance to MMS in the presence of nicotinamide was independent of all five yeast sirtuins. Enhanced resistance was also independent of the nicotinamide salvage pathway, which uses nicotinamide as a substrate to generate NAD+, and of a DNA damage-induced increase in the salvage enzyme Pnc1 Our data suggest a novel and unexpected function for nicotinamide that has broad implications for its use in the study of sirtuin biology across model systems.
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Mahmoud YI, Mahmoud AA. Role of nicotinamide (vitamin B3) in acetaminophen-induced changes in rat liver: Nicotinamide effect in acetaminophen-damged liver. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:345-54. [PMID: 27211843 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic agent, which is safe at therapeutic doses. However, overdoses of acetaminophen induce severe oxidative stress, which leads to acute liver failure. Nicotinamide has proven effective in ameliorating many pathological conditions that occur due to oxidative stress. This study verifies the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of nicotinamide against the hepatic pathophysiological and ultrastructural alterations induced by acetaminophen. Wistar rats intoxicated with an acute overdose of acetaminophen (5g/kg b.wt) were given a single dose of nicotinamide (500mg/kg b.wt) either before or after intoxication. Acetaminophen caused significant elevation in the liver functions and lipid peroxidation marker, and decline in the activities of the hepatic antioxidant enzymes. This oxidative injury was associated with hepatic centrilobular necrosis, hemorrage, vacuolar degeneration, lipid accumulation and mitochondrial alterations. Treating intoxicated rats with nicotinamide (500mg/kg) significantly ameliorated acetaminophen-induced biochemical changes and pathological injuries. However, administering the same dose of nicotinamide to healthy animals or prior to acetaminophen-intoxication induced hepatotoxicity. Caution should be taken when administering high doses of NAM because of its possible hepatotoxicity. Considering the wide use of nicotinamide, there is an important need for monitoring nicotinamide tolerance, safety and efficacy in healthy and diseased subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna I Mahmoud
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa A Mahmoud
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
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Bodolea C. Anaesthesia in early childhood - is the development of the immature brain in danger? Rom J Anaesth Intensive Care 2016; 23:33-40. [PMID: 28913475 DOI: 10.21454/rjaic.7518.231.chd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies performed on immature animal brains had demonstrated a neurotoxic effect following sedation and general anaesthetics administration. The same magnitude of neurotoxicity has been suggested but not been proven to neonates, infants and small children who have undergone anaesthesia. There is a justified and increasing inquiry regarding the administration of general anaesthesia to paediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Bodolea
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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16
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Effect of SIRT1 on cellular apoptosis and steroidogenesis in bovine ovarian granulosa cells in vitro. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Bajwa SJS, Anand S, Gupta H. Perils of paediatric anaesthesia and novel molecular approaches: An evidence-based review. Indian J Anaesth 2015; 59:272-81. [PMID: 26019351 PMCID: PMC4445148 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5049.156865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolution of anaesthesia has been largely helped by progress of evidence-based medicine. In spite of many advancements in anaesthesia techniques and availability of newer and safer drugs, much more needs to be explored scientifically for the development of anaesthesia. Over the last few years, the notion that the actions of the anaesthesiologist have only immediate or short-term consequences has largely been challenged. Evidences accumulated in the recent years have shown that anaesthesia exposure may have long-term consequences particularly in the extremes of ages. However, most of the studies conducted so far are in vitro or animal studies, the results of which have been extrapolated to humans. There have been confounding evidences linking anaesthesia exposure in the developing brain with poor neurocognitive outcome. The results of animal studies and human retrospective studies have raised concern over the potential detrimental effects of general anaesthetics on the developing brain. The purpose of this review is to highlight the long-term perils of anaesthesia in the very young and the potential of improving anaesthesia delivery with the novel molecular approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhminder Jit Singh Bajwa
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Gian Sagar Medical College and Hospital, Banur, Punjab, India
| | - Smriti Anand
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Maharishi Markendeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Hemant Gupta
- Department of Paediatrics, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Yang ZJ, Wang YW, Li CL, Ma LQ, Zhao X. Pre-treatment with a Xingnaojing preparation ameliorates sevoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis in the infant rat striatum. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1615-22. [PMID: 25395182 PMCID: PMC4270333 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Xingnaojing (XNJ), is a standardized Chinese herbal medicine product derived from An Gong Niu Huang Pill. It may be involved in neuroprotection in a number of neurological disorders. Exposure to anesthetic agents during the brain growth spurt may trigger widespread neuroapoptosis in the developing brain. Thus the present study aimed to identify whether there was a neuroprotective effect of XNJ on anesthesia-induced neuroapoptosis. Seven-day-old rats received treatment with 2.1% sevoflurane for 6 h. Rat pups were injected intraperitoneally with 1 or 10 ml/kg XNJ at 0.2, 24 and 48 h prior to sevoflurane exposure. The striata of neonatal rats were collected following administration of anesthesia. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the expression of activated caspase 3, Bax and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) in the striatum. It was found that activated caspase 3 and Bax expression were upregulated in the striatum following sevoflurane treatment. Preconditioning with XNJ attenuated the neuronal apoptosis induced by sevoflurane in a dose-dependent manner. Anesthesia reduced the expression of p-AKT (phosphorylated at sites Thr308 and Ser473) and phosphorylated extracellular-regulated protein kinase (p-ERK) in the striatum. Pre-treatment with XNJ reversed the reduction in p-AKT, but not p-ERK expression. These data suggest that XNJ has an antiapoptotic effect against sevoflurane-induced cell loss in the striatum. It thus holds promise as a safe and effective neuroprotective agent. The action of XNJ on p-AKT may make a significant contribution to its neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Jing Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Lin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Li-Qing Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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Yan J, Li YR, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Jiang H. Repeated exposure to anesthetic ketamine can negatively impact neurodevelopment in infants: a prospective preliminary clinical study. J Child Neurol 2014; 29:1333-8. [PMID: 24659739 DOI: 10.1177/0883073813517508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Animal experiments indicate that repeated exposure to ketamine adversely affects the developing brain. Whether it has the same effect on infants remains unclear. We recruited infants who were scheduled for 1 to 3 outpatient laser surgery treatments of benign facial growths with ketamine anesthesia. Patients were assigned to the Ket(1), Ket(2), or Ket(3) group, according to the number of treatments. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Second Edition (BSID-II) was used to assess neurodevelopmental outcomes before the first and after the last therapy. Levels of S-100β were also measured. Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Second Edition scores after the last procedure were lower than those before the first surgery in the Ket(3) group (P < .05). S-100β levels after the last procedure were significantly higher than those before the first surgery in all groups (P < .05). Our results suggest that 3 or more exposures to anesthetic ketamine have the potential to adversely affect neurodevelopment in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-ran Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Li J, Wang B, Wu H, Yu Y, Xue G, Hou Y. 17β-estradiol attenuates ketamine-induced neuroapoptosis and persistent cognitive deficits in the developing brain. Brain Res 2014; 1593:30-9. [PMID: 25234726 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the commonly used anesthetic ketamine can induce widespread neuroapoptosis in the neonatal brain and can cause persistent cognitive impairments as the animal matures. Therefore, searching for adjunctive neuroprotective strategies that inhibit ketamine-induced neuroapoptosis and persistent cognitive impairments is highly warranted. The primary goal of this study was to investigate the protective effect of 17β-estradiol against ketamine-induced neuroapoptosis and persistent cognitive impairments in adult rats. Starting from postnatal day 7, Sprague-Dawley male rat pups were given a daily administration of ketamine (75mg/kg, i.p.) or 17β-estradiol (600μg/kg, s.c.) in combination with ketamine (75mg/kg, i.p.). The animals were treated for three consecutive days. 24h after the last injection, the rats were decapitated, and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was isolated to detect neuroapoptosis by cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry and by using the TUNEL assay. The neuroactive steroid 17β-estradiol was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The protein levels of BDNF and pAkt were measured by western blot analysis. At two months of age (60 days), the learning and memory abilities were tested using the Morris water maze. The results showed that ketamine triggered significant neuroapoptosis in the neonatal PFC accompanied by the downregulation of 17β-estradiol, BDNF and pAkt. The co-administration of 17β-estradiol with ketamine attenuated these changes. Moreover, 17β-estradiol significantly reversed the learning and memory deficits observed at 60 days of age. In brief, our present data demonstrate that 17β-estradiol attenuates ketamine-induced neuroapoptosis and reverses long-term cognitive deficits in developing rats and thus may be a potential therapeutic and neuroprotective method for the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Brain and Memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province 050051, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province 050051, China
| | - Honghai Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Bethune International Peace Hospital of Chinese PLA, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province 050082, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Bethune International Peace Hospital of Chinese PLA, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province 050082, China
| | - Gai Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Bethune International Peace Hospital of Chinese PLA, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province 050082, China
| | - Yanning Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Bethune International Peace Hospital of Chinese PLA, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province 050082, China.
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Zuo D, Wang C, Li Z, Lin L, Duan Z, Qi H, Li L, Sun F, Wu Y. Existence of glia mitigated ketamine-induced neurotoxicity in neuron-glia mixed cultures of neonatal rat cortex and the glia-mediated protective effect of 2-PMPA. Neurotoxicology 2014; 44:218-30. [PMID: 24931484 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study compared ketamine-induced neurotoxicity in the neuron-glia mixed cultures and neuronal cultures and further explored the neuroprotective effect of the NAAG peptidase inhibitor 2-(phosphonomethyl) pentanedioic acid (2-PMPA). Firstly, Rosenfeld's staining and immunofluorescence staining of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were used to address the difference of morphology in the mixed cultures and neuronal cultures. Our results showed that neurons and astrocytes grew in good conditions. The ratio of neurons and astrocytes in the mixed cultures was around 1:1, and the purity of neurons in the neuronal cultures is 91.3%. Furthermore, ketamine was used to test the hypothesis that the presence of a higher proportion of glia in the mixed cultures would be protective against ketamine-induced neurotoxicity in the mixed cultures compared with neuronal cultures. The results showed that ketamine-induced morphological changes, cell viability decrease and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels increase were significantly mitigated in neuron-glia mixed cultures compared with neuronal cultures. Furthermore, 2-PMPA was included to further explore efficient protective drug for ketamine-induced neurotoxicity. Our results showed that 2-PMPA reduced ketamine-induced decrease of cell viability and increase of LDH levels in the mixed cultures but not in the neuronal cultures. Further morphological changes of neurons and astrocytes also indicated that 2-PMPA could improve ketamine damaged neurons in the mixed cultures instead of neuronal cultures. These results indicate that glia protect neurons from ketamine-induced neurotoxicity. These data further suggest that glia mediate the neuroprotective effect of 2-PMPA and 2-PMPA has the potential to treat ketamine-induced neurotoxicity in vivo. Delineating the mechanisms underlying the communication between neurons and glia and the neuroprotective effects of 2-PMPA in the mixed cultures to ketamine-induced neurotoxicity require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiying Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Chengna Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Zhenfang Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Huan Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China.
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Zhen J, Qu Z, Fang H, Fu L, Wu Y, Wang H, Zang H, Wang W. Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling and associated cognitive impairment in rats. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:391-8. [PMID: 24912930 PMCID: PMC4094588 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the antioxidant effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE). The generation of free radicals and the ensuing apoptosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of epilepsy; therefore, in the present study, we examined the effects of GSPE on cognitive impairment and neuronal damage induced by chronic seizures in rats. Seizures were induced by a daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 35 mg/kg/day, 36 days). Two other groups were treated with GSPE (100 or 200 mg/kg/day, orally) for 24 days and then for 36 days prior to each PTZ injection. After the final PTZ injection, hippocampus-dependent spatial learning was assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM). The rats were then sacrificed for the measurement of hippocampal malondialdehyde (MDA, a measure of lipid peroxidation) and glutathione (GSH, a measure of endogenous antioxidant capacity) levels, and for the expression of pro-apoptotic factors [cytochrome c (Cyt c), caspase‑9 and caspase‑3]. The mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), degree of mitochondrial swelling, neuronal damage and mitochondrial ultrastructure were also examined. Performance in the MWM was markedly impaired by PTZ-induced seizures, as evidenced by longer escape latencies during training and fewer platform crossings during the probe trial. This cognitive decline was accompanied by oxidative stress (MDA accumulation, ROS generation, reduced GSH activity), an increased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, as well as damage to CA1 pyramidal neurons and the mitochondria. Pre-treatment with GSPE dose‑dependently reversed PTZ-induced impaired performance in the MWM, oxidative stress, mitochondrial ROS generation, the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and neuronal and mitochondrial damage. Thus, GSPE may reverse the hippocampal dysfunction induced by chronic seizures, by reducing oxidative stress and preserving mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Zhen
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Qu
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Fang
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Lan Fu
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Yupeng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Hongmin Zang
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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24
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Li G, Yu B. Elevation of protective autophagy as a potential way for preventing developmental neurotoxicity of general anesthetics. Med Hypotheses 2014; 82:177-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Li J, Wu H, Xue G, Wang P, Hou Y. 17β-Oestradiol Protects Primary-Cultured Rat Cortical Neurons from Ketamine-Induced Apoptosis by Activating PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 Signalling. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 113:411-8. [PMID: 23981522 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Li
- Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang Hebei Province China
- Hebei General Hospital; Shijiazhuang Hebei Province China
| | - Honghai Wu
- Department of Pharmacy; Bethune International Peace Hospital of Chinese PLA; Shijiazhuang Hebei Province China
| | - Gai Xue
- Department of Pharmacy; Bethune International Peace Hospital of Chinese PLA; Shijiazhuang Hebei Province China
| | - Pei Wang
- Hebei General Hospital; Shijiazhuang Hebei Province China
| | - Yanning Hou
- Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang Hebei Province China
- Department of Pharmacy; Bethune International Peace Hospital of Chinese PLA; Shijiazhuang Hebei Province China
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Patkai J, Zana-Taieb E, Didier C, Jarreau PH, Lopez E. Aspects fondamentaux de la toxicite éventuelle des drogues anesthésiques. Arch Pediatr 2013; 20:1059-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Neuroprotective Effect of CNB-001, a Novel Pyrazole Derivative of Curcumin on Biochemical and Apoptotic Markers Against Rotenone-Induced SK-N-SH Cellular Model of Parkinson’s Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 51:863-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Chong ZZ, Shang YC, Wang S, Maiese K. Shedding new light on neurodegenerative diseases through the mammalian target of rapamycin. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 99:128-48. [PMID: 22980037 PMCID: PMC3479314 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders affect a significant portion of the world's population leading to either disability or death for almost 30 million individuals worldwide. One novel therapeutic target that may offer promise for multiple disease entities that involve Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, trauma, stroke, and tumors of the nervous system is the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR signaling is dependent upon the mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes that are composed of mTOR and several regulatory proteins including the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC1, hamartin/TSC2, tuberin). Through a number of integrated cell signaling pathways that involve those of mTORC1 and mTORC2 as well as more novel signaling tied to cytokines, Wnt, and forkhead, mTOR can foster stem cellular proliferation, tissue repair and longevity, and synaptic growth by modulating mechanisms that foster both apoptosis and autophagy. Yet, mTOR through its proliferative capacity may sometimes be detrimental to central nervous system recovery and even promote tumorigenesis. Further knowledge of mTOR and the critical pathways governed by this serine/threonine protein kinase can bring new light for neurodegeneration and other related diseases that currently require new and robust treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhong Chong
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New Jersey 07101
- New Jersey Health Sciences University Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Yan Chen Shang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New Jersey 07101
- New Jersey Health Sciences University Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New Jersey 07101
- New Jersey Health Sciences University Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Kenneth Maiese
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New Jersey 07101
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Jersey 07101
- New Jersey Health Sciences University Newark, New Jersey 07101
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Maiese K, Chong ZZ, Shang YC, Wang S. Novel directions for diabetes mellitus drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2012; 8:35-48. [PMID: 23092114 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.736485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus impacts almost 200 million individuals worldwide and leads to debilitating complications. New avenues of drug discovery must target the underlying cellular processes of oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation that can mediate multi-system pathology during diabetes mellitus. AREAS COVERED The authors examine the novel directions for drug discovery that involve: the β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) precursor nicotinamide, the cytokine erythropoietin, the NAD(+)-dependent protein histone deacetylase SIRT1, the serine/threonine-protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the wingless pathway. Furthermore, the authors present the implications for the targeting of these pathways that oversee gluconeogenic genes, insulin signaling and resistance, fatty acid beta-oxidation, inflammation, and cellular survival. EXPERT OPINION Nicotinamide, erythropoietin, and the downstream pathways of SIRT1, mTOR, forkhead transcription factors, and wingless signaling offer exciting prospects for novel directions of drug discovery for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Future investigations must dissect the complex relationship and fine modulation of these pathways for the successful translation of robust reparative and regenerative strategies against diabetes mellitus and the complications of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- New Jersey Health Sciences University, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling , Newark, NJ 07101, USA.
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Chong ZZ, Shang YC, Wang S, Maiese K. PRAS40 is an integral regulatory component of erythropoietin mTOR signaling and cytoprotection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45456. [PMID: 23029019 PMCID: PMC3445503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging strategies that center upon the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling for neurodegenerative disorders may bring effective treatment for a number of difficult disease entities. Here we show that erythropoietin (EPO), a novel agent for nervous system disorders, prevents apoptotic SH-SY5Y cell injury in an oxidative stress model of oxygen-glucose deprivation through phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI 3-K)/protein kinase B (Akt) dependent activation of mTOR signaling and phosphorylation of the downstream pathways of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K), eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1), and proline rich Akt substrate 40 kDa (PRAS40). PRAS40 is an important regulatory component either alone or in conjunction with EPO signal transduction that can determine cell survival through apoptotic caspase 3 activation. EPO and the PI 3-K/Akt pathways control cell survival and mTOR activity through the inhibitory post-translational phosphorylation of PRAS40 that leads to subcellular binding of PRAS40 to the cytoplasmic docking protein 14-3-3. However, modulation and phosphorylation of PRAS40 is independent of other protective pathways of EPO that involve extracellular signal related kinase (ERK 1/2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT5). Our studies highlight EPO and PRAS40 signaling in the mTOR pathway as potential therapeutic strategies for development against degenerative disorders that lead to cell demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhong Chong
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- New Jersey Health Sciences University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Yan Chen Shang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- New Jersey Health Sciences University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- New Jersey Health Sciences University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Maiese
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- New Jersey Health Sciences University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
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Lei X, Guo Q, Zhang J. Mechanistic insights into neurotoxicity induced by anesthetics in the developing brain. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:6772-6799. [PMID: 22837663 PMCID: PMC3397495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13066772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence has shown that exposure to anesthetics used in the clinic can cause neurodegeneration in the mammalian developing brain, but the basis of this is not clear. Neurotoxicity induced by exposure to anesthestics in early life involves neuroapoptosis and impairment of neurodevelopmental processes such as neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and immature glial development. These effects may subsequently contribute to behavior abnormalities in later life. In this paper, we reviewed the possible mechanisms of anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity based on new in vitro and in vivo findings. Also, we discussed ways to protect against anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity and their implications for exploring cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection. These findings help in improving our understanding of developmental neurotoxicology and in avoiding adverse neurological outcomes in anesthesia practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mail:
| | - Qihao Guo
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mail:
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-21-52887693; Fax: +86-21-52887690
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