1
|
Wang Y, Liang J, Xu B, Yang J, Wu Z, Cheng L. TrkB/BDNF signaling pathway and its small molecular agonists in CNS injury. Life Sci 2024; 336:122282. [PMID: 38008209 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most prevalent neurotrophic factors in the central nervous system (CNS), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a significant role in CNS injury by binding to its specific receptor Tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB). The BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway is crucial for neuronal survival, structural changes, and plasticity. BDNF acts as an axonal growth and extension factor, a pro-survival factor, and a synaptic modulator in the CNS. BDNF also plays an important role in the maintenance and plasticity of neuronal circuits. Several studies have demonstrated the importance of BDNF in the treatment and recovery of neurodegenerative and neurotraumatic disorders. By undertaking in-depth study on the mechanism of BDNF/TrkB function, important novel therapeutic strategies for treating neuropsychiatric disorders have been discovered. In this review, we discuss the expression patterns and mechanisms of the TrkB/BDNF signaling pathway in CNS damage and introduce several intriguing small molecule TrkB receptor agonists produced over the previous several decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Wang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200072, China; Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200072, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Boyu Xu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200072, China; Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200072, China; Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhourui Wu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Liming Cheng
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Basavarajappa D, Galindo-Romero C, Gupta V, Agudo-Barriuso M, Gupta VB, Graham SL, Chitranshi N. Signalling pathways and cell death mechanisms in glaucoma: Insights into the molecular pathophysiology. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 94:101216. [PMID: 37856930 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a complex multifactorial eye disease manifesting in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and optic nerve degeneration, ultimately causing irreversible vision loss. Research in recent years has significantly enhanced our understanding of RGC degenerative mechanisms in glaucoma. It is evident that high intraocular pressure (IOP) is not the only contributing factor to glaucoma pathogenesis. The equilibrium of pro-survival and pro-death signalling pathways in the retina strongly influences the function and survival of RGCs and optic nerve axons in glaucoma. Molecular evidence from human retinal tissue analysis and a range of experimental models of glaucoma have significantly contributed to unravelling these mechanisms. Accumulating evidence reveals a wide range of molecular signalling pathways that can operate -either alone or via intricate networks - to induce neurodegeneration. The roles of several molecules, including neurotrophins, interplay of intracellular kinases and phosphates, caveolae and adapter proteins, serine proteases and their inhibitors, nuclear receptors, amyloid beta and tau, and how their dysfunction affects retinal neurons are discussed in this review. We further underscore how anatomical alterations in various animal models exhibiting RGC degeneration and susceptibility to glaucoma-related neuronal damage have helped to characterise molecular mechanisms in glaucoma. In addition, we also present different regulated cell death pathways that play a critical role in RGC degeneration in glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Basavarajappa
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Caridad Galindo-Romero
- Experimental Ophthalmology Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) & Ophthalmology Department, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marta Agudo-Barriuso
- Experimental Ophthalmology Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) & Ophthalmology Department, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Veer B Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Deng L, Gupta V, Abyadeh M, Chitranshi N, Pushpitha K, Wu Y, Gupta V, You Y, Paulo JA, Graham SL, Mirzaei M, Haynes PA. Oxidative Stress Induced Dysfunction of Protein Synthesis in 661W Mice Photoreceptor Cells. Proteomes 2023; 11:12. [PMID: 37092453 PMCID: PMC10123756 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptor cells are highly susceptible to oxidative-stress-induced damage due to their high metabolic rate. Oxidative stress plays a key role in driving pathological events in several different ocular diseases, which lead to retinal degeneration and ultimately blindness. A growing number of studies have been performed to understand downstream events caused by ROS induced oxidative stress in photoreceptor cells; however, the underlying mechanisms of ROS toxicity are not fully understood. To shed light on ROS induced downstream pathological events, we employed a tandem mass tag (TMT) labelling-based quantitative mass-spectrometric approach to determine proteome changes in 661W photoreceptor cells following oxidative stress induction via the application of different concentrations of H2O2 at different time points. Overall, 5920 proteins were identified and quantified, and 450 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, which were altered in a dose and time dependent manner in all treatment groups compared to the control group. These proteins were involved in several biological pathways, including spliceosome and ribosome response, activated glutathione metabolism, decreased ECM-receptor interaction, oxidative phosphorylation, abnormally regulated lysosome, apoptosis, and ribosome biogenesis. Our results highlighted ECM receptor interaction, oxidative phosphorylation and spliceosome pathways as the major targets of oxidative stress that might mediate vascular dysfunction and cellular senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liting Deng
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | | | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Kanishka Pushpitha
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Yunqi Wu
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stuart L. Graham
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Paul A. Haynes
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nishijima E, Honda S, Kitamura Y, Namekata K, Kimura A, Guo X, Azuchi Y, Harada C, Murakami A, Matsuda A, Nakano T, Parada LF, Harada T. Vision protection and robust axon regeneration in glaucoma models by membrane-associated Trk receptors. Mol Ther 2023; 31:810-824. [PMID: 36463402 PMCID: PMC10014229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of neurotrophic factor signaling is a promising therapy for neurodegeneration. However, the transient nature of ligand-dependent activation limits its effectiveness. In this study, we solved this problem by inventing a system that forces membrane localization of the intracellular domain of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (iTrkB), which results in constitutive activation without ligands. Our system overcomes the small size limitation of the genome packaging in adeno-associated virus (AAV) and allows high expression of the transgene. Using AAV-mediated gene therapy in the eyes, we demonstrate that iTrkB expression enhances neuroprotection in mouse models of glaucoma and stimulates robust axon regeneration after optic nerve injury. In addition, iTrkB expression in the retina was also effective in an optic tract transection model, in which the injury site is near the superior colliculus. Regenerating axons successfully formed pathways to their brain targets, resulting in partial recovery of visual behavior. Our system may also be applicable to other trophic factor signaling pathways and lead to a significant advance in the field of gene therapy for neurotrauma and neurodegenerative disorders, including glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Euido Nishijima
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Sari Honda
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuta Kitamura
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Namekata
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kimura
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yuriko Azuchi
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Chikako Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Akira Murakami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nakano
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Luis F Parada
- Brain Tumor Center and Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Takayuki Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
7,8-Dihydroxiflavone protects retinal ganglion cells and promotes axonal regeneration through TrkB signaling pathway followed by AKT and ERK activation. Neurosci Res 2023:S0168-0102(23)00050-0. [PMID: 36854354 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) in protecting retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and promoting axonal regeneration, and to explore its potential molecular mechanisms. We used three-dimensional retinal culture system and optic nerve crush (ONC) rat models in this study. The pro-axonal regenerative effect of 7,8-DHF was determined with light microscopy observation and immunofluorescence staining of Thy1.1 and GAP43. The RGC protective function of 7,8-DHF was detected by RBPMS immunofluorescent staining and TUNEL staining. The inhibition effect of 7,8-DHF on astrocyte activation was measured using GFAP immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The protein levels of p-TrkB, p-AKT and p-ERK was examined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Our results revealed that 7,8-DHF significantly promoted the average density and length of regenerated neurites and suppressed the apoptosis of GCL cells in three-dimensional culture system and significantly increased the number of RBPMS-positive cells and inhibited the GFAP expression and apoptosis of GCL cells in ONC rats. Our results also revealed that 7,8-DHF activates TrkB, AKT and ERK proteins in vivo, however, these activations can be inhibited byANA-12. In conclusion, 7,8-DHF protects RGCs and promotes axonal regeneration through the TrkB signaling pathway followed by AKT and ERK activation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zulkifli NA, Hassan Z, Mustafa MZ, Azman WNW, Hadie SNH, Ghani N, Mat Zin AA. The potential neuroprotective effects of stingless bee honey. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1048028. [PMID: 36846103 PMCID: PMC9945235 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1048028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropical Meliponini bees produce stingless bee honey (SBH). Studies have shown beneficial properties, including antibacterial, bacteriostatic, anti-inflammatory, neurotherapeutic, neuroprotective, wound, and sunburn healing capabilities. High phenolic acid and flavonoid concentrations offer SBH its benefits. SBH can include flavonoids, phenolic acids, ascorbic acid, tocopherol, organic acids, amino acids, and protein, depending on its botanical and geographic origins. Ursolic acid, p-coumaric acid, and gallic acid may diminish apoptotic signals in neuronal cells, such as nuclear morphological alterations and DNA fragmentation. Antioxidant activity minimizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and lowers oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammation by decreasing enzymes generated during inflammation. Flavonoids in honey reduce neuroinflammation by decreasing proinflammatory cytokine and free radical production. Phytochemical components in honey, such as luteolin and phenylalanine, may aid neurological problems. A dietary amino acid, phenylalanine, may improve memory by functioning on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathways. Neurotrophin BDNF binds to its major receptor, TrkB, and stimulates downstream signaling cascades, which are crucial for neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Through BDNF, SBH can stimulate synaptic plasticity and synaptogenesis, promoting learning and memory. Moreover, BDNF contributes to the adult brain's lasting structural and functional changes during limbic epileptogenesis by acting through the cognate receptor tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB). Given the higher antioxidants activity of SBH than the Apis sp. honey, it may be more therapeutically helpful. There is minimal research on SBH's neuroprotective effects, and the related pathways contribute to it is unclear. More research is needed to elucidate the underlying molecular process of SBH on BDNF/TrkB pathways in producing neuroprotective effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurdarina Ausi Zulkifli
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia and Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zulkifli Mustafa
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Norlina Wan Azman
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia and Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurma Hanim Hadie
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nurhafizah Ghani
- Basic and Medical Sciences Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Anani Aila Mat Zin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia and Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Anani Aila Mat Zin, ✉
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sahin E, Saglam N, Erdem S, Alvuroglu E, Abidin I, Yulug E, Alver A. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone alleviates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in cafeteria diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Life Sci 2022; 306:120781. [PMID: 35835252 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Prolonged Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (ERS) is involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, including type-2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, obesity, and fatty liver disease. There have been significant efforts to discover molecules to treat ERS and/or to ameliorate associate symptoms. In this study, we investigated the effect of 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) on ERS in liver and pancreas tissues in a cafeteria (CAF) diet induced metabolic syndrome model. MAIN METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were fed CAF diet for 16 weeks and 7,8-DHF was administered intraperitoneally (5 mg/kg/day) for last four weeks. 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in liver and pancreas tissues, insulin and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in serum were analyzed by ELISA method and serum biochemistry parameters were analyzed with autoanalyzer. GRP78 and CHOP gene expression levels were determined by qRT-PCR. In addition, histopathological analyzes were performed on liver and pancreas tissues. KEY FINDINGS Findings revealed that CAF diet caused metabolic abnormalities, insulin resistance and inflammation in serum and triggered ERS in pancreas and liver tissues. 7,8-DHF treatment significantly reduced metabolic abnormalities by reducing serum biochemical parameters, HOMO-IR and IL-1β levels. qRT-PCR and ELISA results indicated that 7,8-DHF treatment down-regulated GRP78 and CHOP expression and protein levels in the liver and GRP78 expression in pancreas. Efficiency of 7,8-DHF in these tissues was also demonstrated by histopathological tests. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, CAF diet-induced metabolic syndrome model, 7,8-DHF suppressed ERS and ERS-induced metabolic disorders in both liver and pancreas. Therefore, 7,8-DHF may potentially be a novel therapeutic compound to ameliorate ERS and related metabolic symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Sahin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye.
| | - Neslihan Saglam
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Seniz Erdem
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Elif Alvuroglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Ismail Abidin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Esin Yulug
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Ahmet Alver
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lambuk L, Mohd Lazaldin MA, Ahmad S, Iezhitsa I, Agarwal R, Uskoković V, Mohamud R. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor-Mediated Neuroprotection in Glaucoma: A Review of Current State of the Art. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:875662. [PMID: 35668928 PMCID: PMC9163364 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.875662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are neurons of the visual system that are responsible for transmitting signals from the retina to the brain via the optic nerve. Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by apoptotic loss of RGCs and degeneration of optic nerve fibers. Risk factors such as elevated intraocular pressure and vascular dysregulation trigger the injury that culminates in RGC apoptosis. In the event of injury, the survival of RGCs is facilitated by neurotrophic factors (NTFs), the most widely studied of which is brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Its production is regulated locally in the retina, but transport of BDNF retrogradely from the brain to retina is also crucial. Not only that the interruption of this retrograde transport has been detected in the early stages of glaucoma, but significantly low levels of BDNF have also been detected in the sera and ocular fluids of glaucoma patients, supporting the notion that neurotrophic deprivation is a likely mechanism of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Moreover, exogenous NTF including BDNF administration was shown reduce neuronal loss in animal models of various neurodegenerative diseases, indicating the possibility that exogenous BDNF may be a treatment option in glaucoma. Current literature provides an extensive insight not only into the sources, transport, and target sites of BDNF but also the intracellular signaling pathways, other pathways that influence BDNF signaling and a wide range of its functions. In this review, the authors discuss the neuroprotective role of BDNF in promoting the survival of RGCs and its possible application as a therapeutic tool to meet the challenges in glaucoma management. We also highlight the possibility of using BDNF as a biomarker in neurodegenerative disease such as glaucoma. Further we discuss the challenges and future strategies to explore the utility of BDNF in the management of glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidawani Lambuk
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | | | - Suhana Ahmad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Igor Iezhitsa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Renu Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vuk Uskoković
- TardigradeNano LLC, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Rohimah Mohamud,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Godinez A, Rajput R, Chitranshi N, Gupta V, Basavarajappa D, Sharma S, You Y, Pushpitha K, Dhiman K, Mirzaei M, Graham S, Gupta V. Neuroserpin, a crucial regulator for axogenesis, synaptic modelling and cell-cell interactions in the pathophysiology of neurological disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:172. [PMID: 35244780 PMCID: PMC8897380 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neuroserpin is an axonally secreted serpin that is involved in regulating plasminogen and its enzyme activators, such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). The protein has been increasingly shown to play key roles in neuronal development, plasticity, maturation and synaptic refinement. The proteinase inhibitor may function both independently and through tPA-dependent mechanisms. Herein, we discuss the recent evidence regarding the role of neuroserpin in healthy and diseased conditions and highlight the participation of the serpin in various cellular signalling pathways. Several polymorphisms and mutations have also been identified in the protein that may affect the serpin conformation, leading to polymer formation and its intracellular accumulation. The current understanding of the involvement of neuroserpin in Alzheimer's disease, cancer, glaucoma, stroke, neuropsychiatric disorders and familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies (FENIB) is presented. To truly understand the detrimental consequences of neuroserpin dysfunction and the effective therapeutic targeting of this molecule in pathological conditions, a cross-disciplinary understanding of neuroserpin alterations and its cellular signaling networks is essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Godinez
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Rashi Rajput
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Devaraj Basavarajappa
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Samridhi Sharma
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Kanishka Pushpitha
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Kunal Dhiman
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Stuart Graham
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gupta V, Chitranshi N, Gupta V, You Y, Rajput R, Paulo JA, Mirzaei M, van den Buuse M, Graham SL. TrkB receptor agonist 7,8 dihydroxyflavone is protective against the inner retinal deficits induced by experimental glaucoma. Neuroscience 2022; 490:36-48. [PMID: 35217121 PMCID: PMC9142859 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration and excavation of the optic nerve head (ONH). It is associated with an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) and progressive decline in the visual field. Reduction in the retrograde axonal transport of neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) from the brain to the neuronal cell bodies in retina, has been suggested as one of the key mechanisms underlying selective degeneration of ganglion cells and optic nerve in glaucoma. Multiple studies have indicated that BDNF and its high affinity receptor Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) play crucial roles in survival of RGCs and that upregulating BDNF/TrkB signalling using gene therapy can protect the ganglion cells against degeneration. This study corroborates previous findings and demonstrates that glaucoma is associated with downregulation of TrkB downstream signalling and enhanced levels of amyloid β (Aβ 1-42) accumulation in the retina. 7,8 dihydroxyflavone (7,8 DHF) is a TrkB agonist and regular administration of this compound imparted significant protection against loss of GCL density and preserved inner retinal function in experimental glaucoma models. 7,8 DHF treatment stimulated activation of TrkB intracellular signalling as well as ameliorated the increase in the levels of soluble Aβ (1-42) in the retinas of rats and mice exposed to high IOP. The protective effects of 7,8 DHF were also evident in BDNF+/- mice indicating that TrkB agonist mediated activation of TrkB signalling was not altered upon BDNF allelic impairment. These data support BDNF/TrkB axis as a promising therapeutic target in glaucoma and highlight that the detrimental effects of high IOP exposure can be compensated by the exogenous administration of a TrkB agonist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Gupta
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie university, NSW, Australia.
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie university, NSW, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie university, NSW, Australia; Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rashi Rajput
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie university, NSW, Australia
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie university, NSW, Australia
| | - Maarten van den Buuse
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie university, NSW, Australia; Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zaitoun IS, Song YS, Suscha A, El Ragaby M, Sorenson CM, Sheibani N. 7, 8-Dihydroxyflavone, a TrkB receptor agonist, provides minimal protection against retinal vascular damage during oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260793. [PMID: 34855884 PMCID: PMC8638941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the main causes of blindness in children worldwide. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), play critical protective roles in the development and function of neurons and vasculature. Lack of BDNF expression results in increased endothelial cell apoptosis and reduced endothelial cell-cell contact. Premature babies who develop ROP tend to have lower serum BDNF levels. BDNF expression is also significantly lower in mouse retinas following exposure to hyperoxia compared to those reared in room air. Specifically, BDNF promotes angiogenic tube formation of endothelial cells (EC), and it is considered an EC survival factor required for stabilization of intramyocardial vessels. We hypothesized that the activation of TrkB receptor protects retinal vasculature in the mice during oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy (OIR), a model of ROP. To test this hypothesis, we treated neonatal mice with 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) (5 mg/kg body weight), a TrkB receptor agonist. We examined its potential protective effects on retinal vessel obliteration and neovascularization, two hallmarks of ROP and OIR. We found that retinas from DHF treated postnatal day 8 (P8) and P12 mice have similar levels of vessel obliteration as retinas from age-matched control mice subjected to OIR. Similarly, DHF showed no significant effect on mitigation of retinal neovascularization during OIR in P17 mice. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that the TrkB receptor agonist DHF provides no significant protective effects during OIR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail S. Zaitoun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Yong-Seok Song
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Andrew Suscha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Mohamed El Ragaby
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Christine M. Sorenson
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Geva M, Gershoni-Emek N, Naia L, Ly P, Mota S, Rego AC, Hayden MR, Levin LA. Neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells by the sigma-1 receptor agonist pridopidine in models of experimental glaucoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21975. [PMID: 34753986 PMCID: PMC8578336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01077-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Optic neuropathies such as glaucoma are characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration and death. The sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is an attractive target for treating optic neuropathies as it is highly expressed in RGCs, and its absence causes retinal degeneration. Activation of the S1R exerts neuroprotective effects in models of retinal degeneration. Pridopidine is a highly selective and potent S1R agonist in clinical development. We show that pridopidine exerts neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells in two different rat models of glaucoma. Pridopidine strongly binds melanin, which is highly expressed in the retina. This feature of pridopidine has implications to its ocular distribution, bioavailability, and effective dose. Mitochondria dysfunction is a key contributor to retinal ganglion cell degeneration. Pridopidine rescues mitochondrial function via activation of the S1R, providing support for the potential mechanism driving its neuroprotective effect in retinal ganglion cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luana Naia
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philip Ly
- The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sandra Mota
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Rego
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Michael R Hayden
- Prilenia Therapeutics, Herzliya, Israel
- The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Leonard A Levin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Galindo-Romero C, Vidal-Villegas B, Asís-Martínez J, Lucas-Ruiz F, Gallego-Ortega A, Vidal-Sanz M. 7,8-Dihydroxiflavone Protects Adult Rat Axotomized Retinal Ganglion Cells through MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910896. [PMID: 34639236 PMCID: PMC8509499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyze the 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF)/TrkB signaling activation of two main intracellular pathways, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT, in the neuroprotection of axotomized retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Methods: Adult albino Sprague-Dawley rats received left intraorbital optic nerve transection (IONT) and were divided in two groups. One group received daily intraperitoneal DHF (5 mg/kg) and another vehicle (1%DMSO in 0.9%NaCl) from one day before IONT until processing. Additional intact rats were employed as control (n = 4). At 1, 3 or 7 days (d) after IONT, phosphorylated (p)AKT, p-MAPK, and non-phosphorylated AKT and MAPK expression levels were analyzed in the retina by Western blotting (n = 4/group). Radial sections were also immunodetected for the above-mentioned proteins, and for Brn3a and vimentin to identify RGCs and Müller cells (MCs), respectively (n = 3/group). Results: IONT induced increased levels of p-MAPK and MAPK at 3d in DHF- or vehicle-treated retinas and at 7d in DHF-treated retinas. IONT induced a fast decrease in AKT in retinas treated with DHF or vehicle, with higher levels of phosphorylation in DHF-treated retinas at 7d. In intact retinas and vehicle-treated groups, no p-MAPK or MAPK expression in RGCs was observed. In DHF- treated retinas p-MAPK and MAPK were expressed in the ganglion cell layer and in the RGC nuclei 3 and 7d after IONT. AKT was observed in intact and axotomized RGCs, but the signal intensity of p-AKT was stronger in DHF-treated retinas. Finally, MCs expressed higher quantities of both MAPK and AKT at 3d in both DHF- and vehicle-treated retinas, and at 7d the phosphorylation of p-MAPK was higher in DHF-treated groups. Conclusions: Phosphorylation and increased levels of AKT and MAPK through MCs and RGCs in retinas after DHF-treatment may be responsible for the increased and long-lasting RGC protection afforded by DHF after IONT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caridad Galindo-Romero
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Campus de CC de la Salud, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (B.V.-V.); (J.A.-M.); (F.L.-R.); (A.G.-O.); (M.V.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-8-688-893-09
| | - Beatriz Vidal-Villegas
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Campus de CC de la Salud, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (B.V.-V.); (J.A.-M.); (F.L.-R.); (A.G.-O.); (M.V.-S.)
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Asís-Martínez
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Campus de CC de la Salud, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (B.V.-V.); (J.A.-M.); (F.L.-R.); (A.G.-O.); (M.V.-S.)
| | - Fernando Lucas-Ruiz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Campus de CC de la Salud, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (B.V.-V.); (J.A.-M.); (F.L.-R.); (A.G.-O.); (M.V.-S.)
| | - Alejandro Gallego-Ortega
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Campus de CC de la Salud, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (B.V.-V.); (J.A.-M.); (F.L.-R.); (A.G.-O.); (M.V.-S.)
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Campus de CC de la Salud, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (B.V.-V.); (J.A.-M.); (F.L.-R.); (A.G.-O.); (M.V.-S.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vidal-Villegas B, Di Pierdomenico J, Gallego-Ortega A, Galindo-Romero C, Martínez-de-la-Casa JM, García-Feijoo J, Villegas-Pérez MP, Vidal-Sanz M. Systemic treatment with 7,8-Dihydroxiflavone activates TtkB and affords protection of two different retinal ganglion cell populations against axotomy in adult rats. Exp Eye Res 2021; 210:108694. [PMID: 34245756 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze responses of different RGC populations to left intraorbital optic nerve transection (IONT) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment with 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (DHF), a potent selective TrkB agonist. METHODS Adult albino Sprague-Dawley rats received, following IONT, daily i.p. injections of vehicle (1%DMSO in 0.9%NaCl) or DHF. Group-1 (n = 58) assessed at 7days (d) the optimal DHF amount (1-25 mg/kg). Group-2, using freshly dissected naïve or treated retinas (n = 28), investigated if DHF treatment was associated with TrkB activation using Western-blotting at 1, 3 or 7d. Group-3 (n = 98) explored persistence of protection and was analyzed at survival intervals from 7 to 60d after IONT. Groups 2-3 received daily i.p. vehicle or DHF (5 mg/kg). Retinal wholemounts were immunolabelled for Brn3a and melanopsin to identify Brn3a+RGCs and m+RGCs, respectively. RESULTS Optimal neuroprotection was achieved with 5 mg/kg DHF and resulted in TrkB phosphorylation. The percentage of surviving Brn3a+RGCs in vehicle treated rats was 60, 28, 18, 13, 12 or 8% of the original value at 7, 10, 14, 21, 30 or 60d, respectively, while in DHF treated retinas was 94, 70, 64, 17, 10 or 9% at the same time intervals. The percentages of m+RGCs diminished by 7d-13%, and recovered by 14d-38% in vehicle-treated and to 48% in DHF-treated retinas, without further variations. CONCLUSIONS DHF neuroprotects Brn3a + RGCs and m + RGCs; its protective effects for Brn3a+RGCs are maximal at 7 days but still significant at 21d, whereas for m+RGCs neuroprotection was significant at 14d and permanent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Vidal-Villegas
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca. Campus de CC de la Salud, 30120, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Johnny Di Pierdomenico
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca. Campus de CC de la Salud, 30120, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gallego-Ortega
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca. Campus de CC de la Salud, 30120, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Caridad Galindo-Romero
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca. Campus de CC de la Salud, 30120, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose M Martínez-de-la-Casa
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julian García-Feijoo
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María P Villegas-Pérez
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca. Campus de CC de la Salud, 30120, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca. Campus de CC de la Salud, 30120, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Uddin MS, Mamun AA, Rahman MM, Jeandet P, Alexiou A, Behl T, Sarwar MS, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Ashraf GM, Sayed AA, Albadrani GM, Peluso I, Abdel-Daim MM. Natural Products for Neurodegeneration: Regulating Neurotrophic Signals. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8820406. [PMID: 34239696 PMCID: PMC8241508 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8820406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are heterogeneous groups of ailments typically characterized by progressive damage of the nervous system. Several drugs are used to treat NDs but they have only symptomatic benefits with various side effects. Numerous researches have been performed to prove the advantages of phytochemicals for the treatment of NDs. Furthermore, phytochemicals such as polyphenols might play a pivotal role in rescue from neurodegeneration due to their various effects as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiamyloidogenic agents by controlling apoptotic factors, neurotrophic factors (NTFs), free radical scavenging system, and mitochondrial stress. On the other hand, neurotrophins (NTs) including nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NT4/5, and NT3 might have a crucial neuroprotective role, and their diminution triggers the development of the NDs. Polyphenols can interfere directly with intracellular signaling molecules to alter brain activity. Several natural products also improve the biosynthesis of endogenous genes encoding antiapoptotic Bcl-2 as well as NTFs such as glial cell and brain-derived NTFs. Various epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the initiation of these genes could play an essential role in the neuroprotective function of dietary compounds. Hence, targeting NTs might represent a promising approach for the management of NDs. In this review, we focus on the natural product-mediated neurotrophic signal-modulating cascades, which are involved in the neuroprotective effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Md Motiar Rahman
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences (LCBNS), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, USC INRAe 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, P.O. Box 1039, CEDEX 2, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, 2770 Hebersham, Australia
- AFNP Med Austria, 1010 Wien, Austria
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, 8330507 Santiago, Chile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany A. Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ghadeer M. Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), 00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abbasi M, Gupta VK, Chitranshi N, Gupta V, Ranjbaran R, Rajput R, Pushpitha K, KB D, You Y, Salekdeh GH, Parton RG, Mirzaei M, Graham SL. Inner retinal injury in experimental glaucoma is prevented upon AAV mediated Shp2 silencing in a caveolin dependent manner. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:6154-6172. [PMID: 33995651 PMCID: PMC8120201 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SH2 domain containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 (Shp2; PTPN11) regulates several intracellular pathways downstream of multiple growth factor receptors. Our studies implicate that Shp2 interacts with Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) protein in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and negatively regulates BDNF/TrkB signaling. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of shp2 silencing in the RGCs in glaucomatous conditions. Methods: Shp2 was silenced in the Cav-1 deficient mice and the age matched wildtype littermates using adeno-associated viral (AAV) constructs. Shp2 expression modulation was performed in an acute and a chronic mouse model of experimental glaucoma. AAV2 expressing Shp2 eGFP-shRNA under a strong synthetic CAG promoter was administered intravitreally in the animals' eyes. The contralateral eye received AAV-eGFP-scramble-shRNA as control. Animals with Shp2 downregulation were subjected to either microbead injections or acute ocular hypertension experimental paradigm. Changes in inner retinal function were evaluated by measuring positive scotopic threshold response (pSTR) while structural and biochemical alterations were evaluated through H&E staining, western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis of the retinal tissues. Results: A greater loss of pSTR amplitudes was observed in the WT mice compared to Cav-1-/- retinas in both the models. Silencing of Shp2 phosphatase imparted protection against inner retinal function loss in chronic glaucoma model in WT mice. The functional rescue also translated to structural preservation of ganglion cell layer in the chronic glaucoma condition in WT mice which was not evident in Cav-1-/- mice retinas. Conclusions: This study indicates that protective effects of Shp2 ablation under chronic experimental glaucoma conditions are dependent on Cav-1 in the retina, suggesting in vivo interactions between the two proteins.
Collapse
|
17
|
Liraglutide, 7,8-DHF and their co-treatment prevents loss of vision and cognitive decline in a Wolfram syndrome rat model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2275. [PMID: 33500541 PMCID: PMC7838169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81768-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a monogenic progressive neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by various neurological symptoms, such as optic nerve atrophy, loss of vision, cognitive decline, memory impairment, and learning difficulties. GLP1 receptor agonist liraglutide and BDNF mimetic 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) have had protective effect to visual pathway and to learning and memory in different rat models of neurodegenerative disorders. Although synergistic co-treatment effect has not been reported before and therefore the aim of the current study was to investigate liraglutide, 7,8-DHF and most importantly for the first time their co-treatment effect on degenerative processes in WS rat model. We took 9 months old WS rats and their wild-type (WT) control animals and treated them daily with liraglutide, 7,8-DHF or with the combination of liraglutide and 7,8-DHF up to the age of 12.5 months (n = 47, 5-8 per group). We found that liraglutide, 7,8-DHF and their co-treatment all prevented lateral ventricle enlargement, improved learning in Morris Water maze, reduced neuronal inflammation, delayed the progression of optic nerve atrophy, had remyelinating effect on optic nerve and thereby improved visual acuity in WS rats compared to WT controls. Thus, the use of the liraglutide, 7,8-DHF and their co-treatment could potentially be used as a therapeutic intervention to induce neuroprotection or even neuronal regeneration.
Collapse
|
18
|
Hang PZ, Zhu H, Li PF, Liu J, Ge FQ, Zhao J, Du ZM. The Emerging Role of BDNF/TrkB Signaling in Cardiovascular Diseases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11010070. [PMID: 33477900 PMCID: PMC7833389 DOI: 10.3390/life11010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the most abundantneurotrophins in the central nervous system. Numerous studies suggestthat BDNF has extensive roles by binding to its specific receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB), and thereby triggering downstream signaling pathways. Recently, growing evidence highlightsthat the BDNF/TrkB pathway is expressed in the cardiovascular system andclosely associated with the development and outcome of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including coronary artery disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, hypertension, and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, circulating BDNF has also been revealed as a new potential biomarker for both diagnosis and prognosis of CVD. In this review, we discuss the current evidence of the emerging role of BDNF/TrkBsignalingand address the challenges that remain in translating these discoveries to novel therapeutic strategies for CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Zhou Hang
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China; (P.-Z.H.); (H.Z.); (F.-Q.G.)
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (University Key Laboratory of Drug Research), Harbin 150086, China; (P.-F.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China; (P.-Z.H.); (H.Z.); (F.-Q.G.)
| | - Pei-Feng Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (University Key Laboratory of Drug Research), Harbin 150086, China; (P.-F.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (University Key Laboratory of Drug Research), Harbin 150086, China; (P.-F.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Feng-Qin Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China; (P.-Z.H.); (H.Z.); (F.-Q.G.)
| | - Jing Zhao
- Medical Research Center, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China
- Correspondence: or (J.Z.); or (Z.-M.D.); Tel.: +86-514-8737-3691 (J.Z.); +86-451-8660-5353 (Z.-M.D.); Fax: +86-514-8737-3039 (J.Z.); +86-451-8666-5559 (Z.-M.D.)
| | - Zhi-Min Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (University Key Laboratory of Drug Research), Harbin 150086, China; (P.-F.L.); (J.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
- Correspondence: or (J.Z.); or (Z.-M.D.); Tel.: +86-514-8737-3691 (J.Z.); +86-451-8660-5353 (Z.-M.D.); Fax: +86-514-8737-3039 (J.Z.); +86-451-8666-5559 (Z.-M.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Neurotrophic Factors in Glaucoma and Innovative Delivery Systems. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10249015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease and a worldwide leading cause of irreversible vision loss. In the last decades, high efforts have been made to develop novel treatments effective in inducing protection and/or recovery of neural function in glaucoma, including neurotrophic factors (NTFs). These approaches have shown encouraging data in preclinical setting; however, the challenge of sustained, targeted delivery to the retina and optic nerve still prevents the clinical translation. In this paper, the authors review and discuss the most recent advances for the use of NTFs treatment in glaucoma, including intraocular delivery. Novel strategies in drug and gene delivery technology for NTFs are proving effective in promoting long-term retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) survival and related functional improvements. Results of experimental and clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of biodegradable slow-release NTF-loaded microparticle devices, encapsulated NTF-secreting cells implants, mimetic ligands for NTF receptors, and viral and non-viral NTF gene vehicles are discussed. NTFs are able to prevent and even reverse apoptotic ganglion cell death. Nevertheless, neuroprotection in glaucoma remains an open issue due to the unmet need of sustained delivery to the posterior segment of the eye. The recent advances in intraocular delivery systems pave the way for possible future use of NTFs in clinical practice for the treatment of glaucoma.
Collapse
|
20
|
Kiani AK, Falsini B, Ziccardi L, Gusson E, Mangialavori D, Allegrini F, Colao E, Bertelli M. Flavonoid supplements increase neurotrophin activity to modulate inflammation in retinal genetic diseases. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:e2020014. [PMID: 33170164 PMCID: PMC8023125 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i13-s.10683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Retinal degenerative disorders induce loss of photoreceptors associated with inflammation, and negative remodeling and plasticity of neural retina. Retinal degenerative diseases may have genetic and/or environmental causes. Degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium cells initiates a vicious circle increasing the ongoing inflammation in both retina and choroid. Flavonoids are polyphenolic molecules with antioxidant activity and dietary intake, specifically of anthocyanins and flavanols, improves oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation. In vitro and ex vivo studies have also revealed biological effects of flavonoids on retinal protection against oxidative stress and inflammation. In this brief review, the protective role of flavonoids against retinal degeneration and inflammation will be discussed along with their therapeutic potential for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benedetto Falsini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Gemelli Policlinic, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Elena Gusson
- Unit of Ophthalmology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy.
| | - Domenica Mangialavori
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Francesca Allegrini
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Emma Colao
- Medical Genetics Unit, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy; MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy; EBTNA-LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kelada M, Hill D, Yap TE, Manzar H, Cordeiro MF. Innovations and revolutions in reducing retinal ganglion cell loss in glaucoma. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2021.1835470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kelada
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London NW1 5QH, UK
| | - Daniel Hill
- Glaucoma and Retinal Neurodegeneration Group, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Timothy E. Yap
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London NW1 5QH, UK
- The Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (ICHNT), London, UK
| | - Haider Manzar
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London NW1 5QH, UK
| | - M. Francesca Cordeiro
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London NW1 5QH, UK
- Glaucoma and Retinal Neurodegeneration Group, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- The Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (ICHNT), London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fan CH, Lin CW, Huang HJ, Lee-Chen GJ, Sun YC, Lin W, Chen CM, Chang KH, Su MT, Hsieh-Li HM. LMDS-1, a potential TrkB receptor agonist provides a safe and neurotrophic effect for early-phase Alzheimer's disease. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:3173-3190. [PMID: 32748031 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The signaling pathways of tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor play a pivotal role in axonal sprouting, proliferation of dendritic arbor, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal differentiation. The levels of BDNF and TrkB receptor were reduced in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVES The activation of TrkB signaling pathways is a potential strategy for AD therapies. We intended to identify potential TrkB agonists to activate the neuroprotective signaling to alleviate the pathological features of AD mice. RESULTS Both of the Aβ-deteriorated hippocampal primary neurons and mouse models were generated and showed AD characteristics. We first investigated 12 potential TrkB agonists with primary hippocampal neurons of mice. Both 7,8-DHF and LMDS-1 were identified to have better effect than the other compounds on dendritic arborization of the neurons and were further applied to the Aβ-injected mouse model. The short-term cognitive behavior and pathology in the mice were improved by LMDS-1. Further investigation indicated that LMDS-1 activated the TrkB through phosphorylation at Y516 rather than Y816. In addition, the ERK but not CaMKII or Akt was activated in the mouse hippocampus with LMDS-1 administration. LMDS-1 treatment also upregulated CREB and BDNF while downregulated the GSK3β active form and tau phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that LMDS-1 upregulates the expression of BDNF and ameliorates the early-phase phenotypes of the AD-like mice through the pTrkB (Y516)-ERK-CREB pathway. In addition, LMDS-1 has better effect than 7,8-DHF in ameliorating the behavioral and pathological features of AD-like mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Fan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
| | - Hei-Jen Huang
- Department of Nursing, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, 11260, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsan Su
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiu Mei Hsieh-Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Emili M, Guidi S, Uguagliati B, Giacomini A, Bartesaghi R, Stagni F. Treatment with the flavonoid 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone: a promising strategy for a constellation of body and brain disorders. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:13-50. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1810625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Emili
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sandra Guidi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Uguagliati
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Giacomini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Renata Bartesaghi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Stagni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Farokhmehr L, Modir H, Yazdi B, Kamali A, Almasi-Hashiani A. Effect of different doses of intrathecal dexmedetomidine on hemodynamic parameters and block characteristics after ropivacaine spinal anesthesia in lower-limb orthopedic surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Med Gas Res 2020; 9:55-61. [PMID: 31249252 PMCID: PMC6607861 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.260645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims to compare the efficacy of different doses of intrathecal dexmedetomidine on hemodynamic parameters and block characteristics after ropivacaine spinal anesthesia in lower-limb orthopedic surgery. In a double-blind trial, 90 patients undergoing spinal anesthesia for lower-limb orthopedic surgery were included and then randomly assigned to three groups; dexmedetomidine 5 μg/kg, dexmedetomidine 10 μg/kg and placebo. Blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation were recorded in the three groups at the first 15 minutes and then every 15 to 180 minutes at recovery by a resident anesthesiologist, as well as sensory-motor block onset. The visual analog scale scores for the assessment of pain were recorded at recovery, and 2, 4, 6, and 12 hours postoperatively and the data were analyzed by Stata software. The onset and time to achieve sensory block to ≥ T8 were faster in the 10 μg/kg dexmedetomidine group than the other groups (P = 0.001). The Bromage score was higher in the 10 μg/kg dexmedetomidine group (P = 0.0001) with lower pain score as compared with the 5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine and placebo groups (P = 0.0001). Therefore, an increase in dexmedetomidine hastens the onset of sensory-motor block but not causes side effects. This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences in 2017 (Ethical Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1396.37), and the trail was registered and approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials in 2017 (IRCT No. IRCT2017070614056N12).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Farokhmehr
- Student Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Hesameddin Modir
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Bijan Yazdi
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Alireza Kamali
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Amir Almasi-Hashiani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health; Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center (TCMRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang M, Li J, Zheng Y. The Potential Role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) in Glaucoma: A Review. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e921514. [PMID: 31949124 PMCID: PMC6986212 DOI: 10.12659/msm.921514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) acts as a regulator of many biological processes and plays an essential role in preventing oxidation, inflammation, and fibrosis. In the past 20 years, there has been increasing research on the role of Nrf2 and oxidative stress in human glaucoma, including the roles of inflammation, trabecular meshwork cells, retinal ganglion cells, Tenon's capsule, antioxidants, fibrosis, and noncoding RNAs. Studies have shown that the upregulation of Nrf2 can reduce damage from oxidative stress in the trabecular meshwork cells and the retinal ganglion cells, reduce fibrosis in Tenon's capsule fibroblasts, which may reduce the progression of fibrosis after surgery for glaucoma. The regulatory roles of Nrf2, microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and exogenous compounds on trabecular meshwork cells (TMCs) and retinal ganglion cells have also been studied. The use of Nrf2 agonists, including noncoding RNAs, control the expression of Nrf2 through signaling pathways that continue to be investigated to identify effective treatments to improve clinical outcome following surgery for glaucoma. This review of publications between 1999 and 2019 aims to focus on the potential mechanisms of Nrf2 in the occurrence and development of glaucoma and the prognosis following surgical treatment. Also, several factors that induce the expression of Nrf2 in trabecular meshwork cells, retinal ganglion cells, and human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Yajuan Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Claes M, De Groef L, Moons L. Target-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Deprivation Puts Retinal Ganglion Cells on Death Row: Cold Hard Evidence and Caveats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4314. [PMID: 31484425 PMCID: PMC6747494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma and other optic neuropathies are characterized by axonal transport deficits. Axonal cargo travels back and forth between the soma and the axon terminus, a mechanism ensuring homeostasis and the viability of a neuron. An example of vital molecules in the axonal cargo are neurotrophic factors (NTFs). Hindered retrograde transport can cause a scarcity of those factors in the retina, which in turn can tilt the fate of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) towards apoptosis. This postulation is one of the most widely recognized theories to explain RGC death in the disease progression of glaucoma and is known as the NTF deprivation theory. For several decades, research has been focused on the use of NTFs as a novel neuroprotective glaucoma treatment. Until now, results in animal models have been promising, but translation to the clinic has been highly disappointing. Are we lacking important knowledge to lever NTF therapies towards the therapeutic armamentarium? Or did we get the wrong end of the stick regarding the NTF deprivation theory? In this review, we will tackle the existing evidence and caveats advocating for and against the target-derived NTF deprivation theory in glaucoma, whilst digging into associated therapy efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Claes
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies De Groef
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Moons
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yaghoubi Y, Movassaghpour A, Zamani M, Talebi M, Mehdizadeh A, Yousefi M. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells derived-exosomes in diseases treatment. Life Sci 2019; 233:116733. [PMID: 31394127 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with the size of 40-100 nm in diameter and a density of 1.13-1.19 g/mL, containing proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, and DNAs. Exosomes change the recipient cells biochemical features through biomolecules delivery and play a role in cellular communication. These vesicles are produced from body fluids and different cell types like mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosome (MSC-EXO) exhibit functions similar to MSCs with low immunogenicity and no tumorization. MSCs can also be isolated from a variety of sources including human umbilical cord (HUC). Because of the non-invasive collection method, higher proliferation and lower immunogenicity, HUCMSC-EXO has been frequently used in regenerative medicine and various diseases treatment compared to the other MSC-EXO resources. This review aimed to investigate the applications of HUCMSC-EXO in different diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoda Yaghoubi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - AliAkbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Majid Zamani
- Department of Immunology, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chitranshi N, Dheer Y, Kumar S, Graham SL, Gupta V. Molecular docking, dynamics, and pharmacology studies on bexarotene as an agonist of ligand-activated transcription factors, retinoid X receptors. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11745-11760. [PMID: 30746761 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily, and upon ligand activation, these receptors control gene transcription via either homodimerization with themselves or heterodimerization with the partner-nuclear receptor. The protective effects of RXRs and RXR agonists have been reported in several neurodegenerative diseases, including in the retina. This study was aimed to prioritize compounds from natural and synthetic origin retinoids as potential RXR agonists by molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation strategies. The docking studies indicated bexarotene as a lead compound that can activate various RXR receptor isoforms (α, β, and γ) and has a strong binding affinity to the receptor protein than retinoic acid, which is known as a natural endogenous RXR agonist. Dynamic simulation studies confirmed that the hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions were highly stable in all the three isoforms of the RXR-bexarotene complex. To further validate the significance of the RXR receptor in neurons, in vitro pharmacological treatment of neuronal SH-SY5Y cells with bexarotene was performed. In vitro data from SH-SY5Y cells confirmed that bexarotene activated RXR-simulated neurite outgrowth significantly. We conclude that bexarotene could be potentially used as an exogenous activator of RXRs and emerge as a good drug target for several neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Chitranshi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Yogita Dheer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Bioinformatics Centre, Biotech Park, Jankipuram, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Huang HM, Huang CC, Tsai MH, Poon YC, Chang YC. Systemic 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone Treatment Protects Immature Retinas Against Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury via Müller Glia Regeneration and MAPK/ERK Activation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:3124-3135. [PMID: 30025123 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-23792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury causes significant damages in the immature retina. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor is well known for its neuroprotective role but has limited clinical applications. A selective agonist of tyrosine kinase receptor B, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF), is a powerful therapeutic tool, when administered systemically. However, it remains unclear whether DHF treatment can protect the immature retinas against HI injury. Methods Postnatal (P) day 7 rat pups were intraperitoneally injected with DHF or vehicle 2 hours before and 18 hours after being subjected to HI injury. The outcomes were assessed at various timepoints after injury by electroretinography and histologic examinations. Neurogenesis was assessed by double-labeling of retinal sections with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine and different neuronal markers. Results At P8, 24-hours postinjury, brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA levels in the retina decreased significantly. DHF treatment partially protected immature retinas at both histologic and functional levels between P14 and P30 but did not prevent apoptosis, inflammation, or damage of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) at P8. On the other hand, DHF treatment promoted the survival of proliferating inner retinal cells, including Müller glia, and enhanced their transdifferentiation to bipolar cells at P17. Moreover, DHF treatment rescued the levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, which were significantly decreased after injury. The neuroprotective effects of DHF were markedly eliminated by inhibition of ERK phosphorylation. Conclusions Early systemic DHF treatment has neuroprotective effects against HI injury in immature retinas, possibly via promoting neurogenesis through the tyrosine kinase receptor B/ERK signaling pathway. Chinese Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Mei Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ching Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, No.1, Tainan City, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University, College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Han Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Poon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chao Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cerquone Perpetuini A, Mathoux J, Kennedy BN. The potential of small molecule brain-derived neurotrophic factor: mimetics to treat inherited retinal degeneration. Neural Regen Res 2018; 14:85-86. [PMID: 30531081 PMCID: PMC6262985 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.243711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cerquone Perpetuini
- School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Justine Mathoux
- School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Breandán N Kennedy
- School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wen J, Lin X, Gao W, Qu B, Ling Y, Liu R, Yu M. MEK inhibition prevents TGF‑β1‑induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation in human tenon fibroblasts. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:468-476. [PMID: 30483803 PMCID: PMC6297771 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Subconjunctival fibrosis represents the primary cause of postoperative failure of trabeculectomy, and at present there is a lack of effective intervention strategies. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126 on human tenon fibroblast (HTF) myofibrosis transdifferentiation, and to illuminate the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. It was demonstrated that U0126 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and collagen contraction of HTFs stimulated with TGF‑β1. In addition, U0126 largely attenuated the TGF‑β1‑induced conversion of HTFs into myofibroblasts, as indicated by a downregulation of the mRNA and protein expression of α‑smooth muscle actin and zinc finger protein SNAI1, and by ameliorating the 3D‑collagen contraction response. Mechanistically, U0126 suppressed the TGF‑β1‑stimulated phosphorylation of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2/3, P38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase and extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2, indicating that U0126 may inhibit HTF activation through the canonical and non‑canonical signaling pathways of TGF‑β1. Therefore, U0126 exhibits a potent anti‑fibrotic effect among HTFs, and the inhibition of MEK signaling may serve as an alternative intervention strategy for the treatment of trabeculectomy‑associated fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xianchai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Wuyou Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Bo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yunlan Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Rongjiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Minbin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dheer Y, Chitranshi N, Gupta V, Abbasi M, Mirzaei M, You Y, Chung R, Graham SL, Gupta V. Bexarotene Modulates Retinoid-X-Receptor Expression and Is Protective Against Neurotoxic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response and Apoptotic Pathway Activation. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:9043-9056. [PMID: 29637440 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Retinoid X-receptors (RXRs) are members of the ligand-dependent transcription factor family of nuclear receptors that have gained recent research focus as potential targets for neurodegenerative disorders. Bexarotene is an RXR pharmacological agonist that is shown to be neuroprotective through its effects in promoting amyloid beta (Aβ) uptake by the glial cells in the brain. This study aimed to evaluate the dose-dependent effects of bexarotene on RXR expression in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and validate the drug effects in the brain in vivo. The protein expression studies were carried out using a combination of various drug treatment paradigms followed by expression analysis using Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Our study demonstrated that bexarotene promoted the expression of RXR α, β and γ isoforms at optimal concentrations in the cells and in the mice brain. Interestingly, a decreased RXR expression was identified in Alzheimer's disease mouse model and in the cells that were treated with Aβ. Bexarotene treatment not only rescued the RXR expression loss caused by Aβ treatment (p < 0.05) but also protected the cells against Aβ-induced ER stress (p < 0.05) and pro-apoptotic BAD protein activation (p < 0.05). In contrast, higher concentrations of bexarotene upregulated the ER stress proteins and led to BAD activation. Our study revealed that these downstream neurotoxic effects of high drug concentrations could be prevented by pharmacological targeting of the TrkB receptor. The ER stress and BAD activation induced by high concentrations of bexarotene were rescued by the TrkB agonist, 7,8 dihydroxyflavone (p < 0.05) while TrkB inhibitor CTX-B treatment further exacerbated these effects. Together, these findings suggest a cross-talk of TrkB signalling with downstream effects of bexarotene toxicity and indicate that therapeutic targeting of RXRs could prevent the Aβ-induced molecular neurotoxic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Dheer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Mojdeh Abbasi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Roger Chung
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang Y, Ji F, Wang G, He D, Yang L, Zhang M. BDNF Activates mTOR to Upregulate NR2B Expression in the Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Required for Inflammatory Pain-Related Aversion in Rats. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:681-691. [PMID: 29353374 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2470-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been demonstrated to mediate pain-related aversion induced by formalin in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC). However, it remains unclear the signaling pathways and regulatory proteins involved. In the rACC, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), an activity-dependent neuromodulator, has been shown to play a role in the development and persistence of chronic pain. In this study, we used a rat formalin-induced inflammatory pain model to demonstrate BDNF up-regulation in the rACC. Stimulation with exogenous BDNF up-regulated mTOR, whilst cyclotraxin B (CTX-B), a tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) antagonist, down-regulated mTOR. Our results suggest BDNF could activate an mTOR signaling pathway. Subsequently, we used formalin-induced conditioned place avoidance (F-CPA) training in rat models to investigate if mTOR activation was required for pain-related aversion. We demonstrated that BDNF/mTOR signaling could activate the NMDA receptor subunit episilon-2 (NR2B), which is required for F-CPA. Our results reveal that BDNF activates mTOR to up-regulate NR2B expression, which is required for inflammatory pain-related aversion in the rACC of rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuangui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Fanceng Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Gongming Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dong He
- Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Le Yang
- Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chitranshi N, Dheer Y, Abbasi M, You Y, Graham SL, Gupta V. Glaucoma Pathogenesis and Neurotrophins: Focus on the Molecular and Genetic Basis for Therapeutic Prospects. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:1018-1035. [PMID: 29676228 PMCID: PMC6120108 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180419121247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration is a major feature of glaucoma pathology. Neuroprotective approaches that delay or halt the progression of RGC loss are needed to prevent vision loss which can occur even after conventional medical or surgical treatments to lower intraocular pressure. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to examine the progress in genetics and cellular mechanisms associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, RGC dysfunction and cell death pathways in glaucoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we review the involvement of neurotrophins like brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its high affinity receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase (TrkB) in glaucoma. The role of ER stress markers in human and animal retinas in health and disease conditions is also discussed. Further, we analysed the literature highlighting genetic linkage in the context of primary open angle glaucoma and suggested mechanistic insights into potential therapeutic options relevant to glaucoma management. RESULTS The literature review of the neurobiology underlying neurotrophin pathways, ER stress and gene associations provide critical insights into association of RGCs death in glaucoma. Alteration in signalling pathway is associated with increased risk of misfolded protein aggregation in ER promoting RGC apoptosis. Several genes that are linked with neurotrophin signalling pathways have been reported to be associated with glaucoma pathology. CONCLUSION Understanding genetic heterogeneity and involvement of neurotrophin biology in glaucoma could help to understand the complex pathophysiology of glaucoma. Identification of novel molecular targets will be critical for drug development and provide neuroprotection to the RGCs and optic nerve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Chitranshi
- Address correspondence to this author at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 75, Talavera Road, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Tel: +61-298502760; E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bouvier E, Brouillard F, Molet J, Claverie D, Cabungcal JH, Cresto N, Doligez N, Rivat C, Do KQ, Bernard C, Benoliel JJ, Becker C. Nrf2-dependent persistent oxidative stress results in stress-induced vulnerability to depression. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1701-1713. [PMID: 27646262 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stressful life events produce a state of vulnerability to depression in some individuals. The mechanisms that contribute to vulnerability to depression remain poorly understood. A rat model of intense stress (social defeat (SD), first hit) produced vulnerability to depression in 40% of animals. Only vulnerable animals developed a depression-like phenotype after a second stressful hit (chronic mild stress). We found that this vulnerability to depression resulted from a persistent state of oxidative stress, which was reversed by treatment with antioxidants. This persistent state of oxidative stress was due to low brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, which characterized the vulnerable animals. We found that BDNF constitutively controlled the nuclear translocation of the master redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2, which activates antioxidant defenses. Low BDNF levels in vulnerable animals prevented Nrf2 translocation and consequently prevented the activation of detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes, ultimately resulting in the generation of sustained oxidative stress. Activating Nrf2 translocation restored redox homeostasis and reversed vulnerability to depression. This mechanism was confirmed in Nrf2-null mice. The mice displayed high levels of oxidative stress and were inherently vulnerable to depression, but this phenotype was reversed by treatment with antioxidants. Our data reveal a novel role for BDNF in controlling redox homeostasis and provide a mechanistic explanation for post-stress vulnerability to depression while suggesting ways to reverse it. Because numerous enzymatic reactions produce reactive oxygen species that must then be cleared, the finding that BDNF controls endogenous redox homeostasis opens new avenues for investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Bouvier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1130, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8246, Paris, France
| | - F Brouillard
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.,Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR2301 CNRS, Equipe 34, Centre de Recherche de Gif, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Molet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1130, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8246, Paris, France
| | - D Claverie
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1130, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8246, Paris, France.,Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), BP 73, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - J-H Cabungcal
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Cresto
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1130, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8246, Paris, France
| | - N Doligez
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1130, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8246, Paris, France
| | - C Rivat
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1130, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8246, Paris, France
| | - K Q Do
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Bernard
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - J-J Benoliel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1130, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8246, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Biochimie Endocrinienne et Oncologique, Paris, France
| | - C Becker
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1130, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8246, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bollaerts I, Veys L, Geeraerts E, Andries L, De Groef L, Buyens T, Salinas-Navarro M, Moons L, Van Hove I. Complementary research models and methods to study axonal regeneration in the vertebrate retinofugal system. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:545-567. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
37
|
Mahbub SB, Plöschner M, Gosnell ME, Anwer AG, Goldys EM. Statistically strong label-free quantitative identification of native fluorophores in a biological sample. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15792. [PMID: 29150629 PMCID: PMC5693869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15952-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioimaging using endogenous cell fluorescence, without any external biomarkers makes it possible to explore cells and tissues in their original native state, also in vivo. In order to be informative, this label-free method requires careful multispectral or hyperspectral recording of autofluorescence images followed by unsupervised extraction (unmixing) of biochemical signatures. The unmixing is difficult due to the scarcity of biochemically pure regions in cells and also because autofluorescence is weak compared with signals from labelled cells, typically leading to low signal to noise ratio. Here, we solve the problem of unsupervised hyperspectral unmixing of cellular autofluorescence by introducing the Robust Dependent Component Analysis (RoDECA). This approach provides sophisticated and statistically robust quantitative biochemical analysis of cellular autofluorescence images. We validate our method on artificial images, where the addition of varying known level of noise has allowed us to quantify the accuracy of our RoDECA analysis in a way that can be applied to real biological datasets. The same unsupervised statistical minimisation is then applied to imaging of mouse retinal photoreceptor cells where we establish the identity of key endogenous fluorophores (free NADH, FAD and lipofuscin) and derive the corresponding molecular abundance maps. The pre-processing methodology of image datasets is also presented, which is essential for the spectral unmixing analysis, but mostly overlooked in the previous studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saabah B Mahbub
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, 2109, NSW, Australia.
| | - Martin Plöschner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, 2109, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin E Gosnell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, 2109, NSW, Australia
- Quantitative Pty Ltd, ABN 17165684186, 116-118 Great Western Highway, Mt. Victoria, NSW, 2786, Australia
| | - Ayad G Anwer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, 2109, NSW, Australia
| | - Ewa M Goldys
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, 2109, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chitranshi N, Dheer Y, Gupta V, Abbasi M, Mirzaei M, You Y, Chung R, Graham SL, Gupta V. PTPN11 induces endoplasmic stress and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Neuroscience 2017; 364:175-189. [PMID: 28947394 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PTPN11 is associated with regulation of growth factor signaling pathways in neuronal cells. Using SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, we showed that adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated PTPN11 upregulation was associated with TrkB antagonism, reduced neuritogenesis and enhanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response leading to apoptotic changes. Genetic knock-down of PTPN11 on the other hand leads to increased TrkB phosphorylation in SH-SY5Y cells. ER stress response induced by PTPN11 upregulation was alleviated pharmacologically by a TrkB agonist. Conversely the enhanced ER stress response induced by TrkB receptor antagonism was ameliorated by PTPN11 suppression, providing evidence of cross-talk of PTPN11 effects with TrkB actions. BDNF treatment of neuronal cells with PTPN11 upregulation also resulted in reduced expression of ER stress protein markers. This study provides evidence of molecular interactions between PTPN11 and the TrkB receptor in SH-SY5Y cells. The results reinforce the role played by PTPN11 in regulating neurotrophin protective signaling in neuronal cells and highlight that PTPN11 dysregulation promotes apoptotic activation. Based on these findings we suggest that blocking PTPN11 could have potential beneficial effects to limit the progression of neuronal loss in neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Chitranshi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Yogita Dheer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Mojdeh Abbasi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia; Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Roger Chung
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia; Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhavoronkov A, Izumchenko E, Kanherkar RR, Teka M, Cantor C, Manaye K, Sidransky D, West MD, Makarev E, Csoka AB. Pro-fibrotic pathway activation in trabecular meshwork and lamina cribrosa is the main driving force of glaucoma. Cell Cycle 2017; 15:1643-52. [PMID: 27229292 PMCID: PMC4934076 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1170261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, it still does not have a clear mechanism that can explain all clinical cases of the disease. Elevated IOP is associated with increased accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the trabecular meshwork (TM) that prevents normal outflow of aqueous humor (AH) and has damaging effects on the fine mesh-like lamina cribrosa (LC) through which the optic nerve fibers pass. Applying a pathway analysis algorithm, we discovered that an elevated level of TGFβ observed in glaucoma-affected tissues could lead to pro-fibrotic pathway activation in TM and in LC. In turn, activated pro-fibrotic pathways lead to ECM remodeling in TM and LC, making TM less efficient in AH drainage and making LC more susceptible to damage from elevated IOP via ECM transformation in LC. We propose pathway targets for potential therapeutic interventions to delay or avoid fibrosis initiation in TM and LC tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Zhavoronkov
- a Insilico Medicine, Inc., ETC, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA.,b The Biogerontology Research Foundation , London , UK
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- e Johns Hopkins University , Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
| | - Riya R Kanherkar
- c Vision Genomics, LLC , Washington, DC , USA.,d Epigenetics Laboratory, Howard University , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Mahder Teka
- c Vision Genomics, LLC , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Charles Cantor
- f Boston University , Boston , MA , USA.,g Retrotope, Inc ; Los Altos Hills , CA , USA
| | - Kebreten Manaye
- d Epigenetics Laboratory, Howard University , Washington, DC , USA
| | | | | | - Eugene Makarev
- a Insilico Medicine, Inc., ETC, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Antonei Benjamin Csoka
- c Vision Genomics, LLC , Washington, DC , USA.,d Epigenetics Laboratory, Howard University , Washington, DC , USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Song Y, Gao J, Xu X, Zhao H, Xue R, Zhou J, Hong W, Qiu H. Fabrication of thermal sensitive folic acid based supramolecular hybrid gels for injectable drug release gels. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:706-713. [PMID: 28415519 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Thermal sensitive supramolecular hybrid gels for injectable drug release were prepared by adding different amounts of agar into folic acid (FA) gelator. The gelation temperature was modulated in order to form injectable gel with body temperature (37°C). Such kind of folic acid-agar (FAG) hybrid gel makes it possible to use supramolecular gel as injectable drug loaded gels for drug release. FT-IR and UV-vis spectra indicate that agar macromolecules involve in the self-assembly process through intermolecular H-bonding and π-π stacking interactions with FA molecules. The SEM and TEM images demonstrate that the fiber diameter of FAG hybrid gel is about 20nm, much smaller than that of FA gel (40nm). However, FAG hybrid has a denser nano-fibrous network structure than FA gels. Moreover, FAG hybrid gel is endowed with a more ordered network structure and a little better crystallization capability by adding agar. FAG hybrid gel also shows a shear-thinning behavior but the shear viscosity is about 2 times higher than that of FA gel. Compared with FA gel, the storage (G') and loss (G″) moduli of the FAG gel are higher, which implies an enhanced gel strength. At the same time, both FA and FAG gels are facilely affected by some external factors such as acid, base and salts. In acidic or basic conditions, the strength became weak and the gelation temperature (Tg) decreased. While, within certain concentrations, the salt (NaCl) increased the gel strength and Tg. FAG gel suffered lower mass loss and owned better stability in different pH solutions compared with pure FA gel. The release behavior of the FA and injectable FAG gels was investigated by using Rhodamine B as a mimic model drug. FAG hybrid gel shows a long release profile and the release time is 3 times longer than that of FA gel, up to 30h, and the accumulative release amount reaches about 86%. So it is a potential injectable gel for sustained release drug delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Song
- School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianping Gao
- School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huilin Zhao
- School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ruinan Xue
- School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jingkuo Zhou
- School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Hong
- School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haixia Qiu
- School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
7,8-DHF Treatment Induces Cyr61 Expression to Suppress Hypoxia Induced ER Stress in HK-2 Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5029797. [PMID: 28116298 PMCID: PMC5223021 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5029797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common syndrome which is strongly linked to high morbidity and mortality. Hypoxia is the leading cause of AKI and the proximal renal tubular cells are the most damaged part in the kidney during this period. It has been observed that 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) plays a protective role by acting on antiapoptosis and antioxidative stress. In this study we explored functions of 7,8-DHF in protecting human proximal tubular cell line HK-2 from hypoxia insults. We observed that treatment of 7,8-DHF could improve the viability of ischemic cell. Mechanistically, we found that 7,8-DHF could elevate the expression of cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61), a protective immediate early gene in AKI. In addition, treatment of 7,8-DHF decreased CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) expression, which is a marker protein during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation. Intriguingly, overexpression of Cyr61 significantly reduced CHOP expression. Taken together, our results provide novel insights into the possible protective role of 7,8-DHF by activating Cyr61 signaling and suppressing ER stress in hypoxic HK-2 cells which have potential clinical implications for the treatment of AKI.
Collapse
|
42
|
Yu B, Shao H, Su C, Jiang Y, Chen X, Bai L, Zhang Y, Li Q, Zhang X, Li X. Exosomes derived from MSCs ameliorate retinal laser injury partially by inhibition of MCP-1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34562. [PMID: 27686625 PMCID: PMC5043341 DOI: 10.1038/srep34562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although accumulated evidence supports the notion that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) act in a paracrine manner, the mechanisms are still not fully understood. Recently, MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos), a type of microvesicle released from MSCs, were thought to carry functional proteins and RNAs to recipient cells and play therapeutic roles. In the present study, we intravitreally injected MSCs derived from either mouse adipose tissue or human umbilical cord, and their exosomes to observe and compare their functions in a mouse model of laser-induced retinal injury. We found that both MSCs and their exosomes reduced damage, inhibited apoptosis, and suppressed inflammatory responses to obtain better visual function to nearly the same extent in vivo. Obvious down-regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 in the retina was found after MSC-Exos injection. In vitro, MSC-Exos also down-regulated MCP-1 mRNA expression in primarily cultured retinal cells after thermal injury. It was further demonstrated that intravitreal injection of an MCP-1-neutralizing antibody promoted the recovery of retinal laser injury, whereas the therapeutic effect of exosomes was abolished when MSC-Exos and MCP-1 were administrated simultaneously. Collectively, these results suggest that MSC-Exos ameliorate laser-induced retinal injury partially through down-regulation of MCP-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Chang Su
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yuanfeng Jiang
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiteng Chen
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Lingling Bai
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Qiutang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin 300384, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kimura A, Namekata K, Guo X, Harada C, Harada T. Neuroprotection, Growth Factors and BDNF-TrkB Signalling in Retinal Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091584. [PMID: 27657046 PMCID: PMC5037849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors play key roles in the development and survival of neurons. The potent neuroprotective effects of neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), suggest that they are good therapeutic candidates for neurodegenerative diseases. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the eye that causes irreversible blindness. It is characterized by damage to the optic nerve, usually due to high intraocular pressure (IOP), and progressive degeneration of retinal neurons called retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Current therapy for glaucoma focuses on reduction of IOP, but neuroprotection may also be beneficial. BDNF is a powerful neuroprotective agent especially for RGCs. Exogenous application of BDNF to the retina and increased BDNF expression in retinal neurons using viral vector systems are both effective in protecting RGCs from damage. Furthermore, induction of BDNF expression by agents such as valproic acid has also been beneficial in promoting RGC survival. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of neurotrophic factors in retinal diseases and focus on the differential roles of glial and neuronal TrkB in neuroprotection. We also discuss the role of neurotrophic factors in neuroregeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Kimura
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Namekata
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Chikako Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Josephy-Hernandez S, Jmaeff S, Pirvulescu I, Aboulkassim T, Saragovi HU. Neurotrophin receptor agonists and antagonists as therapeutic agents: An evolving paradigm. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 97:139-155. [PMID: 27546056 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are prevalent, complex and devastating conditions, with very limited treatment options currently available. While they manifest in many forms, there are commonalities that link them together. In this review, we will focus on neurotrophins - a family of related factors involved in neuronal development and maintenance. Neurodegenerative diseases often present with a neurotrophin imbalance, in which there may be decreases in trophic signaling through Trk receptors for example, and/or increases in pro-apoptotic activity through p75. Clinical trials with neurotrophins have continuously failed due to their poor pharmacological properties as well as the unavoidable activation of p75. Thus, there is a need for drugs without such setbacks. Small molecule neurotrophin mimetics are favorable options since they can selectively activate Trks or inactivate p75. In this review, we will initially present a brief outline of how these molecules are synthesized and their mechanisms of action; followed by an update in the current state of neurotrophins and small molecules in major neurodegenerative diseases. Although there has been significant progress in the development of potential therapeutics, more studies are needed to establish clear mechanisms of action and target specificity in order to transition from animal models to the assessment of safety and use in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Josephy-Hernandez
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sean Jmaeff
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Iulia Pirvulescu
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tahar Aboulkassim
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - H Uri Saragovi
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Han ML, Liu GH, Guo J, Yu SJ, Huang J. Imipramine protects retinal ganglion cells from oxidative stress through the tyrosine kinase receptor B signaling pathway. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:476-9. [PMID: 27127489 PMCID: PMC4829015 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.179066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration is irreversible in glaucoma and tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB)-associated signaling pathways have been implicated in the process. In this study, we attempted to examine whether imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, may protect hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced RGC degeneration through the activation of the TrkB pathway in RGC-5 cell lines. RGC-5 cell lines were pre-treated with imipramine 30 minutes before exposure to H2O2. Western blot assay showed that in H2O2 -damaged RGC-5 cells, imipramine activated TrkB pathways through extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase/TrkB phosphorylation. TUNEL staining assay also demonstrated that imipramine ameliorated H2O2 -induced apoptosis in RGC-5 cells. Finally, TrkB-IgG intervention was able to reverse the protective effect of imipramine on H2O2 -induced RGC-5 apoptosis. Imipramine therefore protects RGCs from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis through the TrkB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lei Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Children Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Children Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jin Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Children Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shu-Juan Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Children Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Children Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Makar TK, Nimmagadda VK, Singh IS, Lam K, Mubariz F, Judge SI, Trisler D, Bever CT. TrkB agonist, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, reduces the clinical and pathological severity of a murine model of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 292:9-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
47
|
Hanif AM, Lawson EC, Prunty M, Gogniat M, Aung MH, Chakraborty R, Boatright JH, Pardue MT. Neuroprotective Effects of Voluntary Exercise in an Inherited Retinal Degeneration Mouse Model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 56:6839-46. [PMID: 26567796 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Our previous investigations showed that involuntary treadmill exercise is neuroprotective in a light-induced retinal degeneration mouse model, and it may act through activation of tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptors. This study investigated whether voluntary running wheel exercise can be neuroprotective in an inheritable model of the retinal degenerative disease retinitis pigmentosa (RP), rd10 mice. METHODS Breeding pairs of rd10 and C57BL/6J mice were given free-spinning (active) or locked (inactive) running wheels. Pups were weaned into separate cages with their parents' respective wheel types, and visual function was tested with ERG and a virtual optokinetic system at 4, 5, and 6 weeks of age. Offspring were killed at 6 weeks of age and retinal cross-sections were prepared for photoreceptor nuclei counting. Additionally, separate cohorts of active and inactive rd10 pups were injected daily for 14 days after eye opening with a selective TrkB receptor antagonist (ANA-12) or vehicle solution and assessed as described above. RESULTS Mice in the rd10 active group exhibited significant preservation of visual acuity, cone nuclei, and total photoreceptor nuclei number. Injection with ANA-12 precluded the preservation of visual acuity and photoreceptor nuclei number in rd10 mice. CONCLUSIONS Voluntary running partially protected against the retinal degeneration and vision loss that otherwise occurs in the rd10 mouse model of RP. This protection was prevented by injection of ANA-12, suggesting that TrkB activation mediates exercise's preservation of the retina. Exercise may serve as an effective, clinically translational intervention against retinal degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Hanif
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, United States
| | - Eric C Lawson
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, United States
| | - Megan Prunty
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, United States
| | - Marissa Gogniat
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, United States
| | - Moe H Aung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Ranjay Chakraborty
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jeffrey H Boatright
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Machelle T Pardue
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chitranshi N, Gupta V, Dheer Y, Gupta V, Vander Wall R, Graham S. Molecular determinants and interaction data of cyclic peptide inhibitor with the extracellular domain of TrkB receptor. Data Brief 2016; 6:776-82. [PMID: 26909388 PMCID: PMC4744334 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TrkB is a high affinity receptor for the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its phosphorylation stimulates activation of several intracellular signalling pathways linked to cellular growth, differentiation and maintenance. Identification of various activators and inhibitors of the TrkB receptor and greater understanding their binding mechanisms is critical to elucidate the biochemical and pharmacological pathways and analyse various protein crystallization studies. The data presented here is related to the research article entitled “Brain Derived neurotrophic factor is involved in the regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) signalling” [1]. Cyclotraxin B (CTXB) is a disulphide bridge linked cyclic peptide molecule that interacts with TrkB receptor and inhibits the BDNF/TrkB downstream signalling. This article reports for the first time binding mechanism and interaction parameters of CTXB with the TrkB receptor. The molecular model of CTXB has been generated and it’s docking with TrkB domain carried out to determine the critical residues involved in the protein peptide interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Chitranshi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Yogita Dheer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Roshana Vander Wall
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Stuart Graham
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia; Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liu C, Chan CB, Ye K. 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, a small molecular TrkB agonist, is useful for treating various BDNF-implicated human disorders. Transl Neurodegener 2016; 5:2. [PMID: 26740873 PMCID: PMC4702337 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-015-0048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates a variety of biological processes predominantly via binding to the transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase TrkB. It is a potential therapeutic target in numerous neurological, mental and metabolic disorders. However, the lack of efficient means to deliver BDNF into the body imposes an insurmountable hurdle to its clinical application. To address this challenge, we initiated a cell-based drug screening to search for small molecules that act as the TrkB agonist. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) is our first reported small molecular TrkB agonist, which has now been extensively validated in various biochemical and cellular systems. Though binding to the extracellular domain of TrkB, 7,8-DHF triggers TrkB dimerization to induce the downstream signaling. Notably, 7,8-DHF is orally bioactive that can penetrate the brain blood barrier (BBB) to exert its neurotrophic activities in the central nervous system. Numerous reports suggest 7,8-DHF processes promising therapeutic efficacy in various animal disease models that are related to deficient BDNF signaling. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the binding activity and specificity, structure-activity relationship, pharmacokinetic and metabolism, and the pre-clinical efficacy of 7,8-DHF against some human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Liu
- School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073 P.R. China
| | - Chi Bun Chan
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Moosavi F, Hosseini R, Saso L, Firuzi O. Modulation of neurotrophic signaling pathways by polyphenols. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 10:23-42. [PMID: 26730179 PMCID: PMC4694682 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s96936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are an important class of phytochemicals, and several lines of evidence have demonstrated their beneficial effects in the context of a number of pathologies including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. In this report, we review the studies on the effects of polyphenols on neuronal survival, growth, proliferation and differentiation, and the signaling pathways involved in these neurotrophic actions. Several polyphenols including flavonoids such as baicalein, daidzein, luteolin, and nobiletin as well as nonflavonoid polyphenols such as auraptene, carnosic acid, curcuminoids, and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives including caffeic acid phentyl ester enhance neuronal survival and promote neurite outgrowth in vitro, a hallmark of neuronal differentiation. Assessment of underlying mechanisms, especially in PC12 neuronal-like cells, reveals that direct agonistic effect on tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) receptors, the main receptors of neurotrophic factors including nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) explains the action of few polyphenols such as 7,8-dihydroxyflavone. However, several other polyphenolic compounds activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways. Increased expression of neurotrophic factors in vitro and in vivo is the mechanism of neurotrophic action of flavonoids such as scutellarin, daidzein, genistein, and fisetin, while compounds like apigenin and ferulic acid increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. Finally, the antioxidant activity of polyphenols reflected in the activation of Nrf2 pathway and the consequent upregulation of detoxification enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 as well as the contribution of these effects to the neurotrophic activity have also been discussed. In conclusion, a better understanding of the neurotrophic effects of polyphenols and the concomitant modulations of signaling pathways is useful for designing more effective agents for management of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moosavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Razieh Hosseini
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|