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Dubnov S, Bennett ER, Yayon N, Yakov O, Bennett DA, Seshadri S, Mufson E, Tzur Y, Greenberg D, Kuro-O M, Paldor I, Abraham CR, Soreq H. Knockout of the longevity gene Klotho perturbs aging and Alzheimer's disease-linked brain microRNAs and tRNA fragments. Commun Biol 2024; 7:720. [PMID: 38862813 PMCID: PMC11166644 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the longevity gene Klotho prolongs lifespan, while its knockout shortens lifespan and impairs cognition via perturbation of myelination and synapse formation. However, comprehensive analysis of Klotho knockout effects on mammalian brain transcriptomics is lacking. Here, we report that Klotho knockout alters the levels of aging- and cognition related mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs and tRNA fragments. These include altered neuronal and glial regulators in murine models of aging and Alzheimer's disease and in human Alzheimer's disease post-mortem brains. We further demonstrate interaction of the knockout-elevated tRNA fragments with the spliceosome, possibly affecting RNA processing. Last, we present cell type-specific short RNA-seq datasets from FACS-sorted neurons and microglia of live human brain tissue demonstrating in-depth cell-type association of Klotho knockout-perturbed microRNAs. Together, our findings reveal multiple RNA transcripts in both neurons and glia from murine and human brain that are perturbed in Klotho deficiency and are aging- and neurodegeneration-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafima Dubnov
- The Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Estelle R Bennett
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nadav Yayon
- The Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Or Yakov
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- UT Health Medical Arts & Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Elliott Mufson
- Dept. Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yonat Tzur
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Greenberg
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Makoto Kuro-O
- Division of Anti-aging Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Iddo Paldor
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
- Dept of Neurosurgery, the Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Carmela R Abraham
- Departments of Biochemistry and Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Klogenix LLC., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel.
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Liu X, Li Y, Chen X, Yin H, Li F, Chen N, Cui J, Li W. Revisiting the mechanisms linking blood glucose to cognitive impairment: new evidence for the potential important role of klotho. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1323407. [PMID: 38505757 PMCID: PMC10948412 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1323407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The association between blood glucose and cognition is controversial. Klotho is an anti-aging protein with neural protective effects. This study aimed to use a population-based study to disentangle the relationship between blood glucose levels and cognitive function in older adults, and to explore the role of klotho in it. Methods A total of 1445 eligible participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 were included in our study. Cognitive function was assessed by Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) and categorized into four quartiles (Q1-Q4). General characteristics and laboratory test results including serum klotho concentration and blood glucose levels were collected. Associations of cognitive function and klotho levels with blood glucose concentrations were explored through multivariate linear regression models. Mediation models were constructed to figure out the mediating role of klotho. Results All three multivariate linear regression models showed a negative correlation between blood glucose and cognitive function. (Model 1, β=-0.149, 95%CI: -0.202,-0.096, p=0.001; Model 2, β=-0.116, 95%CI: -0.167,-0.065, p=0.001; Model 3, β=-0.007, 95%CI: -0.118,-0.023, p=0.003). Mediation analysis showed that klotho mediated the statistical association between blood glucose level and cognitive function with proportions (%) of 12.5. Conclusion Higher blood glucose levels are associated with poorer cognitive performance in non-diabetic older adults, partially mediated through lower klotho levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangliang Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuguang Li
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinqiao Chen
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongmei Yin
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fangqi Li
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Naifei Chen
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Dubnov S, Yayon N, Yakov O, Bennett DA, Seshadri S, Mufson E, Tzur Y, Bennet ER, Greenberg D, Kuro-O M, Paldor I, Abraham CR, Soreq H. Knockout of the longevity gene Klotho perturbs aging- and Alzheimer's disease-linked brain microRNAs and tRNA fragments. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.10.557032. [PMID: 37745362 PMCID: PMC10515819 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.10.557032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the longevity gene Klotho prolongs, while its knockout shortens lifespan and impairs cognition via altered fibroblast growth factor signaling that perturbs myelination and synapse formation; however, comprehensive analysis of Klotho's knockout consequences on mammalian brain transcriptomics is lacking. Here, we report the altered levels under Klotho knockout of 1059 long RNAs, 27 microRNAs (miRs) and 6 tRNA fragments (tRFs), reflecting effects upon aging and cognition. Perturbed transcripts included key neuronal and glial pathway regulators that are notably changed in murine models of aging and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and in corresponding human post-mortem brain tissue. To seek cell type distributions of the affected short RNAs, we isolated and FACS-sorted neurons and microglia from live human brain tissue, yielding detailed cell type-specific short RNA-seq datasets. Together, our findings revealed multiple Klotho deficiency-perturbed aging- and neurodegeneration-related long and short RNA transcripts in both neurons and glia from murine and human brain.
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Hammad ASA, Sayed-Ahmed MM, Abdel Hafez SMN, Ibrahim ARN, Khalifa MMA, El-Daly M. Trimetazidine alleviates paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy through modulation of TLR4/p38/NFκB and klotho protein expression. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 376:110446. [PMID: 36898573 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a common adverse effect associated with a number of chemotherapeutic agents including paclitaxel (PTX) which is commonly used in a wide range of solid tumors. Development of PTX-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) during cancer treatment requires dose reduction which limits its clinical benefits. This study is conducted to investigate the role of toll like receptor-4 (TLR4) and p38 signaling and Klotho protein expression in PIPN and the role of Trimetazidine (TMZ) in this pathway. Sixty-four male Swiss albino mice were divided into 4 groups (n = 16); Group (1) injected intraperitoneally (IP) with ethanol/tween 80/saline for 8 successive days. Group (2) received TMZ (5 mg/kg, IP, day) for 8 successive days. Group (3) treated with 4 doses of PTX (4.5 mg/kg, IP) every other day over a period of 8 days. Group (4) received a combination of TMZ as group 2 and PTX as group 3. The Effect of TMZ on the antitumor activity of PTX was studied in another set of mice-bearing Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma (SEC) that was similarly divided as the above-mentioned set. TMZ mitigated tactile allodynia, thermal hypoalgesia, numbness and fine motor dyscoordination associated with PTX in Swiss mice. The results of the current study show that the neuroprotective effect of TMZ can be attributed to inhibition of TLR4/p38 signaling which also includes a reduction in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) protein levels as well as the proinflammatory interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and preserving the levels of the anti-inflammatory IL-10. Moreover, the current study is the first to demonstrate that PTX reduces the neuronal levels of klotho protein and showed its modulation via cotreatment with TMZ. In addition, this study showed that TMZ neither alter the growth of SEC nor the antitumor activity of PTX. In conclusion, we suggest that (1) Inhibition of Klotho protein and upregulation of TLR4/p38 signals in nerve tissues may contribute to PIPN. (2) TMZ attenuates PIPN by modulating TLR4/p38 and Klotho protein expression in without interfering with its antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa S A Hammad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61511, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Sayed-Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
| | - Sara M N Abdel Hafez
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R N Ibrahim
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 61441, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M A Khalifa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud El-Daly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61511, Egypt
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Naeeni B, Taha MF, Emami Aleagha MS, Allameh A. The expression of anti-aging protein Klotho is increased during neural differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:243-253. [PMID: 36705065 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Klotho, as an antiaging protein, is involved in the maintenance and differentiation of neuronal or glial cells and, therefore, has been noticed as a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders. Expression of Klotho has been examined in different cells and organs, however, our information about the developmental pattern of this protein during differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into neuron-like cells is limited. In this study, we conducted neural differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived-MSCs and monitored the expression of Klotho together with selected neuron-specific genes at messenger RNA (mRNA) on days 7 and 14 of differentiation using quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, Klotho status at protein level was evaluated by immunocytochemistry. The results showed a significant change in the morphology of MSCs towards neuron-like cells. These changes were observed with progressive growth and formation of cell connections towards the formation of a chain of neuron-like cells which occurred in the second week of differentiation. Morphological changes were associated with a significant increase in the expression of neuron-specific genes like pax-6, neuN and, neurofilaments (NfL). Likewise, there was an increased expression of Klotho mRNA, and accumulation of Klotho protein in neuronal cell bodies, during the cellular differentiation of MSCs. These findings provided new evidence that neuronal differentiation from the MSCs is associated with increased expression of Klotho. These data may provide insight into the importance of Klotho protein in stem cell differentiation and regeneration in response to cell death in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Naeeni
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Fakhr Taha
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Sajad Emami Aleagha
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Abdolamir Allameh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus) Methanolic Leaf Extract Alleviates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Toxicity in BALB/c Mouse Brain: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Apoptotically Related Klotho/PPARγ Signaling. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12122012. [PMID: 36556233 PMCID: PMC9781370 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12122012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Various epidemiological studies suggest that oxidative stress and disrupted neuronal function are mechanistically linked to neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). DNA damage, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and eventually, cell death such as NDs can be induced by nitrosamine-related compounds, leading to neurodegeneration. A limited number of studies have reported that exposure to diethylnitrosamine (DEN), which is commonly found in processed/preserved foods, causes biochemical abnormalities in the brain. Artichoke leaves have been used in traditional medicine as a beneficial source of bioactive components such as hydroxycinnamic acids, cynarine, chlorogenic acid, and flavonoids (luteolin and apigenin). The aim of this study is to investigate the favorable effects of exogenous artichoke (Cynara scolymus) methanolic leaf extract supplementation in ameliorating DEN-induced deleterious effects in BALB/c mouse brains. (2) Methods: This study was designed to evaluate DEN (toxicity induction by 100 mg/kg) and artichoke (protective effects of 0.8 and 1.6 g/kg treatment) for 14 days. All groups underwent a locomotor activity test to evaluate motor activity. In brain tissue, oxidative stress indicators (TAC, TOS, and MDA), Klotho and PPARγ levels, and apoptotic markers (Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3) were measured. Brain slices were also examined histopathologically. (3) Results: Artichoke effectively ameliorated DEN-induced toxicity with increasing artichoke dose. Impaired motor function and elevated oxidative stress markers (decreasing MDA and TOS levels and increasing TAC level) induced by DEN intoxication were markedly restored by high-dose artichoke treatment. Artichoke significantly improved the levels of Klotho and PPARγ, which are neuroprotective factors, in mouse brain tissue exposed to DEN. In addition, caspase-3 and Bax levels were reduced, whereas the Bcl-2 level was elevated with artichoke treatment. Furthermore, recovery was confirmed by histopathological analysis. (4) Conclusions: Artichoke exerted neuroprotective effects against DEN-induced brain toxicity by mitigating oxidant parameters and exerting antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects. Further research is needed to fully identify the favorable impact of artichoke supplementation on all aspects of DEN brain intoxication.
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Abraham CR, Li A. Aging-suppressor Klotho: Prospects in diagnostics and therapeutics. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101766. [PMID: 36283617 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The protein Klotho (KL) was first discovered in KL-deficient mice, which developed a syndrome similar to premature aging in humans. Since then, KL has been implicated in multiple molecular signaling pathways and diseases. KL has been shown to have anti-aging, healthspan and lifespan extending, cognitive enhancing, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. KL levels decrease with age and in many diseases. Therefore, it has been of great interest to develop a KL-boosting or restoring drug, or to supplement endogenous Klotho with exogenous Klotho genetic material or recombinant Klotho protein, and to use KL levels in the body as a marker for the efficacy of such drugs and as a biomarker for the diagnosis and management of diseases. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of KL levels across age groups in individuals who are healthy or have certain health conditions, using four sources: blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and whole biopsy/necropsy tissue. By doing so, baseline KL levels can be identified across the lifespan, in the absence or presence of disease. In turn, these findings can be used to guide the development of future KL-based therapeutics and biomarkers, which will heavily rely on an individual's baseline KL range to be efficacious. METHODS A total of 65 studies were collected primarily using the PubMed database. Research articles that were published up to April 2022 were included. Statistical analysis was conducted using RStudio. RESULTS Mean and median blood KL levels in healthy individuals, mean blood KL levels in individuals with renal conditions, and mean blood KL levels in individuals with metabolic or endocrine conditions were shown to decrease with age. Similarly, CSF KL levels in patients with AD also declined compared with age-matched controls. CONCLUSIONS The present study confirms the trend that KL levels in blood decrease with age in humans, among those who are healthy, and even further among those with renal and endocrine/metabolic illnesses. Further, by drawing this trend from multiple published works, we were able to provide a general idea of baseline KL ranges, specifically in blood in these populations. These data add to the current knowledge on normal KL levels in the body and how they change with time and in disease, and can potentially support efforts to create KL-based treatments and screening tools to better manage aging, renal, and metabolic/endocrine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela R Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Anne Li
- Division of Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Nakao VW, Mazucanti CHY, de Sá Lima L, de Mello PS, de Souza Port’s NM, Kinoshita PF, Leite JA, Kawamoto EM, Scavone C. Neuroprotective action of α-Klotho against LPS-activated glia conditioned medium in primary neuronal culture. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18884. [PMID: 36344527 PMCID: PMC9640694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-Klotho is an anti-aging protein that, when overexpressed, extends the life span in humans and mice. It has an anti-inflammatory and protective action on renal cells by inhibiting NF-κB activation and production of inflammatory cytokines in response to TNF-α. Furthermore, studies have shown the neuroprotective effect of α-Klotho against neuroinflammation on different conditions, such as aging, animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemic brain injury. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of α-Klotho protein on primary glial cell culture against the proinflammatory challenge with LPS and how this could interfere with neuronal health. Cortical mixed glial cells and purified astrocytes were pretreated with α- α-Klotho and stimulated with LPS followed by TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ levels, and NF-κB activity analysis. Conditioned medium from cortical mixed glia culture treated with LPS (glia conditioned medium (GCM) was used to induce neuronal death of primary cortical neuronal culture and evaluate if GCM-KL (medium from glia culture pretreated α-Klotho followed by LPS stimulation) or GCM + LPS in the presence of KL can reverse the effect. LPS treatment in glial cells induced an increase in proinflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ, and activation of astrocyte NF-κB. GCM treated-cortical neuronal culture induced a concentration-dependent neuronal death. Pretreatment with α-Klotho decreased TNF-α and IL-6 production, reverted NF-κB activation, and decreased neuronal death induced by GCM. In addition, KL incubation together with GCM + LPS completely reverts the neuronal toxicity induced by low concentration of GCM-LPS. These data suggest an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effect of α-Klotho protein in the CNS. This work demonstrated the therapeutic potential of α-Klotho in pathological processes which involves a neuroinflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Wanatable Nakao
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science ICB-1, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Caio Henrique Yokowama Mazucanti
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science ICB-1, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, 05508-900 Brazil ,grid.419475.a0000 0000 9372 4913Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda, USA
| | - Larissa de Sá Lima
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science ICB-1, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Paloma Segura de Mello
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science ICB-1, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Natacha Medeiros de Souza Port’s
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science ICB-1, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Paula Fernanda Kinoshita
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science ICB-1, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Alves Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University Federal of Goias, Goiana, Brazil
| | - Elisa Mitiko Kawamoto
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science ICB-1, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science ICB-1, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, 05508-900 Brazil
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Moreno-Martinez L, Santiago L, de la Torre M, Calvo AC, Pardo J, Osta R. Hemizygous Granzyme A Mice Expressing the hSOD1G93A Transgene Show Slightly Extended Lifespan. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13554. [PMID: 36362341 PMCID: PMC9655466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Granzyme A (gzmA), a serine protease involved in the modulation of the inflammatory immune response, is found at an elevated level in the serum from ALS patients. However, the influence of gzmA on the progression of ALS remains unclear. The aim of our work was to assess whether the absence of gzmA in an ALS murine model could help slow down the progression of the disease. Homozygous and hemizygous gzmA-deficient mice expressing the hSOD1G93A transgene were generated, and survival of these mice was monitored. Subsequently, gene and protein expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers was measured in the spinal cord and quadriceps of these mice. We observed the longest lifespan in gzmA+/- mice. GzmA gene and protein expression was downregulated in the spinal cord and serum from gmzA+/- mice, confirming that the increased survival of hemizygous mice is correlated with lower levels of gzmA. In addition, mRNA and protein levels of glutathione reductase (GSR), involved in oxidative stress, were found downregulated in the spinal cord and quadriceps of gmzA+/- mice, together with lower IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA levels in hemyzigous mice. In summary, our findings indicate for the first time that reduced levels, but not the absence, of gzmA could slightly ameliorate the disease progression in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moreno-Martinez
- LAGENBIO, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- AgriFood Institute of Aragon-IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Llipsy Santiago
- Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam de la Torre
- LAGENBIO, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- AgriFood Institute of Aragon-IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Calvo
- LAGENBIO, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- AgriFood Institute of Aragon-IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julián Pardo
- Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosario Osta
- LAGENBIO, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- AgriFood Institute of Aragon-IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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Klotho alleviates NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation in a temporal lobe epilepsy rat model by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Epilepsy Behav 2022; 128:108509. [PMID: 35104732 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation not only contributes to epileptogenesis and neurodegeneration, but is also associated with cognitive impairment. Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation is positively correlated with progression of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and cognitive impairment. Recent studies have shown that the anti-aging protein, klotho, exerts anti-neuroinflammation effects and enhances cognition in neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study, we investigated the role and underlying mechanism of klotho action in NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation in a TLE model. Specifically, we first injected an adeno-associated viral (AAV)-mediated overexpression of klotho (AAV-KL) into the bilateral hippocampus of rats. After 3 weeks, rats were intraperitoneally injected with lithium-chloride pilocarpine (LiCl-Pilo) to generate a TLE model. Results showed that klotho was significantly downregulated six weeks after TLE, while AAV-mediated klotho overexpression substantially attenuated TLE-induced hippocampal neuronal injury and cognitive impairment. Interestingly, klotho overexpression significantly alleviated expression of NLRP3, IL-1β, and caspase-1 proteins, but up-regulated activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). However, treatment with Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 significantly reversed klotho's beneficial effects, including alleviated neuroinflammation, attenuated neuronal injury, and improved cognitive function. Taken together, these results indicated that klotho alleviated NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway in the TLE rat model, suggesting that this the anti-aging protein could be a novel and promising therapeutic agent for managing TLE-associated cognitive impairment.
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11
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Pampalakis G, Angelis G, Zingkou E, Vekrellis K, Sotiropoulou G. A chemogenomic approach is required for effective treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e657. [PMID: 35064780 PMCID: PMC8783349 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
ALS is a fatal untreatable disease involving degeneration of motor neurons. Μultiple causative genes encoding proteins with versatile functions have been identified indicating that diverse biological pathways lead to ALS. Chemical entities still represent a promising choice to delay ALS progression, attenuate symptoms and/or increase life expectancy, but also gene-based and stem cell-based therapies are in the process of development, and some are tested in clinical trials. Various compounds proved effective in transgenic models overexpressing distinct ALS causative genes unfortunately though, they showed no efficacy in clinical trials. Notably, while animal models provide a uniform genetic background for preclinical testing, ALS patients are not stratified, and the distinct genetic forms of ALS are treated as one group, which could explain the observed discrepancies between treating genetically homogeneous mice and quite heterogeneous patient cohorts. We suggest that chemical entity-genotype correlation should be exploited to guide patient stratification for pharmacotherapy, that is administered drugs should be selected based on the ALS genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Pampalakis
- Department of Pharmacology - Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Angelis
- Department of Pharmacology - Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Zingkou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Kostas Vekrellis
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Sotiropoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rion-Patras, Greece
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12
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Kundu P, Zimmerman B, Quinn JF, Kaye J, Mattek N, Westaway SK, Raber J. Serum Levels of α-Klotho Are Correlated with Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels and Predict Measures of Cognitive Function. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:1471-1481. [PMID: 35213382 PMCID: PMC9108571 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-klotho might play a role in neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE To determine levels of α-klotho and apoE in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples and their relationship with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). METHODS All subjects were between age 39 to 83+ (n = 94). CDR and MMSE were administered to all participants. CSF was collected in the early afternoon by lumbar puncture. RESULTS Serum and CSF levels of α-klotho are positively correlated and both predict scores on the MMSE and CDR, regardless of sex or apoE4 status. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that α-klotho may be an important biomarker of cognitive health and neurodegeneration, and that relatively non-invasive sampling of α-klotho from serum is likely highly reflective of CSF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Kundu
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Benjamin Zimmerman
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kaye
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nora Mattek
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Shawn K. Westaway
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Xiang T, Luo X, Zeng C, Li S, Ma M, Wu Y. Klotho ameliorated cognitive deficits in a temporal lobe epilepsy rat model by inhibiting ferroptosis. Brain Res 2021; 1772:147668. [PMID: 34592245 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are among the most common comorbidities of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Ferroptosis associated with the accumulation of iron overload-dependent lipid peroxidation produces significant cognitive deficits in TLE. The anti-aging protein, klotho, has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects while enhancing cognition in neurodegenerative disorders. However, the role of klotho in TLE progression has not been established. In this study, we evaluated the effects and underlying mechanisms of klotho in a rat model of TLE induced by lithium-chloride and pilocarpine (LiCl-Pilo). The expression of klotho was found to be inhibited in the hippocampus following LiCl-Pilo induced TLE in rats. An adeno-virus (AAV), which mediated klotho overexpression (AAV-KL) was injected into the bilateral hippocampus of the rat models. After 3 weeks, rats were treated through intraperitoneal injections of LiCl-Pilo. After 9 weeks, AAV-KL was found to have significantly induced klotho overexpression in the hippocampus, effectively ameliorated cognitive deficits and exerted neuroprotective effects in LiCl-Pilo induced TLE rat models. Klotho significantly prevented ferroptosis and iron overload. Meanwhile, klotho regulated the expressions of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT 1) and ferroportin (FPN) that were associated with iron accumulation in the hippocampus. Furthermore, klotho significantly elevated glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX-4) and glutathione (GSH) levels while suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In conclusion, klotho ameliorated cognitive deficits and exerted neuroprotective effects by inhibiting ferroptosis in LiCl-Pilo induced TLE rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6th Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaodan Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6th Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunmei Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6th Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Sijun Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6th Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Meigang Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6th Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6th Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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14
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Wolf EJ, Chen CD, Zhao X, Zhou Z, Morrison FG, Daskalakis NP, Stone A, Schichman S, Grenier JG, Fein-Schaffer D, Huber BR, Abraham CR, Miller MW, Logue MW. Klotho, PTSD, and advanced epigenetic age in cortical tissue. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:721-730. [PMID: 33096543 PMCID: PMC8027437 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the klotho (KL) longevity gene polymorphism rs9315202 and psychopathology, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and alcohol-use disorders, in association with advanced epigenetic age in three postmortem cortical tissue regions: dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortices and motor cortex. Using data from the VA National PTSD Brain Bank (n = 117), we found that rs9315202 interacted with PTSD to predict advanced epigenetic age in motor cortex among the subset of relatively older (>=45 years), white non-Hispanic decedents (corrected p = 0.014, n = 42). An evaluation of 211 additional common KL variants revealed that only variants in linkage disequilibrium with rs9315202 showed similarly high levels of significance. Alcohol abuse was nominally associated with advanced epigenetic age in motor cortex (p = 0.039, n = 114). The rs9315202 SNP interacted with PTSD to predict decreased KL expression via DNAm age residuals in motor cortex among older white non-Hispanics decedents (indirect β = -0.198, p = 0.027). Finally, in dual-luciferase enhancer reporter system experiments, we found that inserting the minor allele of rs9315202 in a human kidney cell line HK-2 genomic DNA resulted in a change in KL transcriptional activities, likely operating via long noncoding RNA in this region. This was the first study to examine multiple forms of psychopathology in association with advanced DNA methylation age across several brain regions, to extend work concerning the association between rs9315202 and advanced epigenetic to brain tissue, and to identify the effects of rs9315202 on KL gene expression. KL augmentation holds promise as a therapeutic intervention to slow the pace of cellular aging, disease onset, and neuropathology, particularly in older, stressed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika J Wolf
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ci-Di Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiang Zhao
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhenwei Zhou
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Filomene G Morrison
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Annjanette Stone
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Steven Schichman
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jaclyn Garza Grenier
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dana Fein-Schaffer
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bertrand R Huber
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carmela R Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark W Miller
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark W Logue
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Cihankaya H, Theiss C, Matschke V. Little Helpers or Mean Rogue-Role of Microglia in Animal Models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22030993. [PMID: 33498186 PMCID: PMC7863915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22030993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, causing degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). ALS patients suffer from hyperreflexia, spasticity, paralysis and muscle atrophy and typically die due to respiratory failure 1–5 years after disease onset. In addition to the degeneration of motor neurons on the cellular level, ALS has been associated with neuroinflammation, such as microgliosis. Microglial activation in ALS can either be protective or degenerative to the neurons. Among others, mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9Orf72), transactive response DNA binding protein (TDP) 43 and vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 54 (VPS54) genes have been associated with ALS. Here, we describe the dual role and functionality of microglia in four different in vivo ALS models and search for the lowest common denominator with respect to the role of microglia in the highly heterogeneous disease of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Cihankaya
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany; (H.C.); (C.T.)
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience (IGSN), Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Carsten Theiss
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany; (H.C.); (C.T.)
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience (IGSN), Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Veronika Matschke
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany; (H.C.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-234-32-25018
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16
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Zhao Y, Zeng C, Li X, Yang T, Kuang X, Du J. Klotho overexpression improves amyloid-β clearance and cognition in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13239. [PMID: 32964663 PMCID: PMC7576297 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia, characterized by the presence of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques. We previously reported that Klotho lowered Aβ levels in the brain and protected against cognitive deficits in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1(APP/PS1) mice. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we induced intracerebral Klotho overexpression in 13-month-old APP/PS1 mice by injecting lentivirus that carried full-length mouse Klotho cDNA in the lateral ventricle of the brain. We examined the effects of Klotho overexpression on cognition, Aβ burden, Aβ-related neuropathology, microglia transformation, and Aβ transport systems in vivo. Additionally, we investigated the effects of Klotho on Aβ transport at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier by knocking down Klotho in primary human choroid plexus epithelial cells (HCPEpiCs). The upregulation of Klotho levels in the brain and serum significantly ameliorated Aβ burden, neuronal and synaptic loss and cognitive deficits in aged APP/PS1 mice. Klotho treatment significantly inhibited NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and the subsequent transformation of microglia to the M2 type that may enhance microglia-mediated Aβ clearance. Meanwhile, Klotho overexpression also regulated Aβ transporter expression, which may promote Aβ transporter-mediated Aβ clearance. Moreover, the ability of HCPEpiCs to transport Aβ in vitro was also significantly impaired by Klotho knockdown. Given the neuroprotective effect of Klotho overexpression, the present findings suggest that Klotho should be further investigated as a potential therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chen‐Ye Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiao‐Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ting‐Ting Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xi Kuang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jun‐Rong Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
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17
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Lv LL, Liu B, Liu J, Li LS, Jin F, Xu YY, Wu Q, Liu J, Shi JS. Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Alkaloids Ameliorate Cognitive Dysfunction in Senescence Accelerated SAMP8 Mice by Decreasing Amyloid-β Aggregation and Enhancing Autophagy Activity. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 76:657-669. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-200308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Li Lv
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou College of Health Professions, Tongren, Guizhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Li-Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yun-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing-Shan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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18
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Wolf EJ, Logue MW, Zhao X, Daskalakis NP, Morrison FG, Escarfulleri S, Stone A, Schichman SA, McGlinchey RE, Milberg WP, Chen C, Abraham CR, Miller MW. PTSD and the klotho longevity gene: Evaluation of longitudinal effects on inflammation via DNA methylation. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 117:104656. [PMID: 32438247 PMCID: PMC7293549 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longevity gene klotho (KL) is associated with age-related phenotypes including lifespan, cardiometabolic disorders, cognition, and brain morphology, in part, by conferring protection against inflammation. We hypothesized that the KL/inflammation association might be altered in the presence of psychiatric stress and operate via epigenetic pathways. We examined KL polymorphisms, and their interaction with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, in association with KL DNA methylation in blood. We further examined KL DNA methylation as a predictor of longitudinal changes in a peripheral biomarker of inflammation (C-reactive protein; CRP). METHODS The sample comprised 309 white non-Hispanic military veterans (93.5 % male; mean age: 32 years, range: 19-65; 30 % PTSD per structured diagnostic interview); 111 were reassessed approximately two years later. RESULTS Analyses revealed a methylation quantitative trait locus at rs9527025 (C370S, previously implicated in numerous studies of aging) in association with a Cytosine-phosphate-Guanine site (cg00129557; B = -.65, p = 1.29 X 10-20), located within a DNase hypersensitivity site in the body of KL. There was also a rs9527025 x PTSD severity interaction (B = .004, p = .035) on methylation at this locus such that the minor allele was associated with reduced cg00129557 methylation in individuals with few or no PTSD symptoms while this effect was attenuated in those with elevated levels of PTSD. Path models revealed that methylation at cg00129557 was inversely associated with CRP over time (B = -.14, p = .005), controlling for baseline CRP. There was also an indirect effect of rs9527025 X PTSD on subsequent CRP via cg00129557 methylation (indirect B = -.002, p = .033). CONCLUSIONS Results contribute to our understanding of the epigenetic correlates of inflammation in PTSD and suggest that KL methylation may be a mechanism by which KL genotype confers risk vs. resilience to accelerated aging in those experiencing traumatic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika J. Wolf
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Mark W. Logue
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine,Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Xiang Zhao
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine
| | | | - Filomene G. Morrison
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine
| | | | - Annjanette Stone
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System
| | - Steven A. Schichman
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System
| | - Regina E. McGlinchey
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center and Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders, VA Boston Healthcare System,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
| | - William P. Milberg
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center and Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders, VA Boston Healthcare System,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
| | - Cidi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Carmela R. Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Mark W. Miller
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine
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Chen CD, Rudy MA, Zeldich E, Abraham CR. A method to specifically activate the Klotho promoter by using zinc finger proteins constructed from modular building blocks and from naturally engineered Egr1 transcription factor backbone. FASEB J 2020; 34:7234-7246. [PMID: 32347987 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000171r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is an unmet need for treatments for diseases associated with aging. The antiaging, life-extending, and cognition-enhancing protein Klotho is neuroprotective due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and pro-myelinating effects. In addition, Klotho is also a tumor suppressor and has beneficial roles in multiple organs. Klotho is downregulated as part of the aging process. Thus, upregulating Klotho in the brain may lead to novel therapeutics to people suffering or at risk for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. We attempted to upregulate Klotho for its beneficial effects in the brain and elsewhere. Here, we describe a method to specifically activate Klotho gene expression. To accomplish this task, we designed zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) targeting within -300 bps of the human Klotho promoter. We designed the ZPF constructs either de novo from modular building blocks, or modified sequences from the natural endogenous Egr1 transcription factor backbone structure. Egr1 is known to upregulate Klotho expression. We tested the transcriptional activation effects of these ZFPs in a dual luciferase coincidence reporter system under the control of 4-kb promoter of human Klotho in stable HEK293 cells and in HK-2 cells that express Klotho protein endogenously. We found that the best ZFPs are the de novo designed ones targeting -250 bps of Klotho promoter and one of the Egr1-binding sites. We further enhanced Klotho's activation using p65-Rta transcriptional activation domains in addition to VP64. These upregulation approaches could be useful for studying Klotho's protective effects and designing Klotho boosting therapeutics for future in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci-Di Chen
- Klogene Therapeutics, Inc, Boston, MA, USA
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Scheiblich H, Trombly M, Ramirez A, Heneka MT. Neuroimmune Connections in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:300-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Moos WH, Faller DV, Glavas IP, Harpp DN, Kanara I, Mavrakis AN, Pernokas J, Pernokas M, Pinkert CA, Powers WR, Sampani K, Steliou K, Vavvas DG, Zamboni RJ, Kodukula K, Chen X. Klotho Pathways, Myelination Disorders, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Epigenetic Drugs. Biores Open Access 2020; 9:94-105. [PMID: 32257625 PMCID: PMC7133426 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2020.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we outline a rationale for identifying neuroprotectants aimed at inducing endogenous Klotho activity and expression, which is epigenetic action, by definition. Such an approach should promote remyelination and/or stimulate myelin repair by acting on mitochondrial function, thereby heralding a life-saving path forward for patients suffering from neuroinflammatory diseases. Disorders of myelin in the nervous system damage the transmission of signals, resulting in loss of vision, motion, sensation, and other functions depending on the affected nerves, currently with no effective treatment. Klotho genes and their single-pass transmembrane Klotho proteins are powerful governors of the threads of life and death, true to the origin of their name, Fates, in Greek mythology. Among its many important functions, Klotho is an obligatory co-receptor that binds, activates, and/or potentiates critical fibroblast growth factor activity. Since the discovery of Klotho a little over two decades ago, it has become ever more apparent that when Klotho pathways go awry, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction take over, and age-related chronic disorders are likely to follow. The physiological consequences can be wide ranging, potentially wreaking havoc on the brain, eye, kidney, muscle, and more. Central nervous system disorders, neurodegenerative in nature, and especially those affecting the myelin sheath, represent worthy targets for advancing therapies that act upon Klotho pathways. Current drugs for these diseases, even therapeutics that are disease modifying rather than treating only the symptoms, leave much room for improvement. It is thus no wonder that this topic has caught the attention of biomedical researchers around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter H. Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- ShangPharma Innovation, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Douglas V. Faller
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ioannis P. Glavas
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - David N. Harpp
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Anastasios N. Mavrakis
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie Pernokas
- Advanced Dental Associates of New England, Woburn, Massachusetts
| | - Mark Pernokas
- Advanced Dental Associates of New England, Woburn, Massachusetts
| | - Carl A. Pinkert
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Whitney R. Powers
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Anatomy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Konstantina Sampani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- PhenoMatriX, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Demetrios G. Vavvas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
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