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Ling Y, Yuan S, Huang X, Tan S, Cheng H, Li L, Li S, Huang L, Xu A, Lyu J. Association between probable sarcopenia and dementia risk: a prospective cohort study with mediation analysis. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:398. [PMID: 39353910 PMCID: PMC11445531 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-03131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of alcohol consumption as a mediator in the risk between sarcopenia and dementia remains inadequately studied. There is currently limited research on whether the association between sarcopenia and the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is influenced by genetic susceptibility. Our study incorporated a total of 483,637 baseline non-dementia participants, who were classified into groups of individuals with no sarcopenia and those with probable sarcopenia based on the definition. We employed Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the association between probable sarcopenia and the risk of all cause dementia (ACD), AD, and vascular dementia (VD). We conducted mediation analysis to explore the role of alcohol consumption in the association between probable sarcopenia and the risk of ACD, AD, and VD. During the median follow-up period of 13.6 years, we documented 9000 new cases of ACD (including 4061 AD and 2025 VD). Fully adjusted multivariate model revealed a significant correlation between probable sarcopenia and elevated risk for ACD (HR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.46-1.62, p < 0.001), AD (HR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.21-1.43, p < 0.001), and VD (HR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.52-1.89, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis elucidates that alcohol consumption explained 12.8%, 15.2%, and 11.1% of the associations of probable sarcopenia with the risk of ACD, AD, and VD, respectively. An interactive relationship prevails between probable sarcopenia and genetic factors (p for interaction <0.001), and regardless of the degree of genetic risk, probable sarcopenia correlates with an elevated AD risk. Our study reveals a significant association between probable sarcopenia and an increased risk of dementia, with alcohol consumption playing a mediating role in this association. There is an interaction between probable sarcopenia and genetic susceptibility related to the risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Ling
- Department of Neurology, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiqi Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaxuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanyuan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongtao Cheng
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Clinical Research, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuna Li
- Department of Clinical Research, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liying Huang
- Department of Clinical Research, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anding Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jun Lyu
- Department of Clinical Research, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Hinojosa-Gonzalez DE, Zafar A, Saffati G, Kronstedt S, Zlatev DV, Khera M. Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer and neurocognitive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2024; 27:507-519. [PMID: 38167924 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-023-00785-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a prevalent disease that urgently needs to address its treatment-related complications. By examining existing evidence on the association between Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) and dementia, this study contributes to the understanding of potential risks. We sought to analyze the currently available evidence regarding the risk of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia, and Parkinson's disease (PD) in patients undergoing ADT. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar was performed to identify studies published from the databases' inception to April 2023. Studies were identified through systematic review to facilitate comparisons between studies with and without some degree of controls for biases affecting distinctions between ADT receivers and non-ADT receivers. This review identified 305 studies, with 28 meeting the inclusion criteria. Heterogeneity was assessed using Higgins I2%. Variables with an I2 over 50% were considered heterogeneous and analyzed using a Random-Effects model. Otherwise, a Fixed-Effects model was employed. RESULTS A total of 28 studies were included for analysis. Out of these, only 1 study did not report the number of patients. From the remaining 27 studies, there were a total of 2,543,483 patients, including 900,994 with prostate cancer who received ADT, 1,262,905 with prostate cancer who did not receive ADT, and 334,682 patients without prostate cancer who did not receive ADT. This analysis revealed significantly increased Hazard Ratios (HR) of 1.20 [1.11, 1.29], p < 0.00001 for dementia, HR 1.26 [1.10, 1.43], p = 0.0007 for Alzheimer's Disease, HR 1.66 [1.40, 1.97], p < 0.00001 for depression, and HR 1.57 [1.31, 1.88], p < 0.00001 for Parkinson's Disease. The risk of vascular dementia was HR 1.30 [0.97, 1.73], p < 0.00001. CONCLUSION Based on the analysis of the currently available evidence, it suggests that ADT significantly increases the risk of dementia, AD, PD, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Hinojosa-Gonzalez
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 1102, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Affan Zafar
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gal Saffati
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 1102, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Shane Kronstedt
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 1102, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Dimitar V Zlatev
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mohit Khera
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 1102, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Kolahchi Z, Henkel N, Eladawi MA, Villarreal EC, Kandimalla P, Lundh A, McCullumsmith RE, Cuevas E. Sex and Gender Differences in Alzheimer's Disease: Genetic, Hormonal, and Inflammation Impacts. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8485. [PMID: 39126053 PMCID: PMC11313277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-thirds of Americans with Alzheimer's disease are women, indicating a profound variance between the sexes. Variances exist between the sexes in the age and intensity of the presentation, cognitive deficits, neuroinflammatory factors, structural and functional brain changes, as well as psychosocial and cultural circumstances. Herein, we summarize the existing evidence for sexual dimorphism and present the available evidence for these distinctions. Understanding these complexities is critical to developing personalized interventions for the prevention, care, and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kolahchi
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (Z.K.); (E.C.V.)
| | - Nicholas Henkel
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurological Disorders, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (N.H.); (M.A.E.); (P.K.); (A.L.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Mahmoud A. Eladawi
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurological Disorders, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (N.H.); (M.A.E.); (P.K.); (A.L.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Emma C. Villarreal
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (Z.K.); (E.C.V.)
| | - Prathik Kandimalla
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurological Disorders, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (N.H.); (M.A.E.); (P.K.); (A.L.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Anna Lundh
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurological Disorders, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (N.H.); (M.A.E.); (P.K.); (A.L.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Robert E. McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurological Disorders, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (N.H.); (M.A.E.); (P.K.); (A.L.); (R.E.M.)
- ProMedica Neurosciences Center, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Elvis Cuevas
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (Z.K.); (E.C.V.)
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Theodorakis N, Feretzakis G, Vamvakou G, Verykios VS, Polymeris A, Nikolaou M. Testosterone therapy for functional hypogonadism in middle-aged and elderly males: current evidence and future perspectives. Hormones (Athens) 2024:10.1007/s42000-024-00587-2. [PMID: 39060901 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00587-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Population aging is a global phenomenon driving research focus toward preventing and managing age-related disorders. Functional hypogonadism (FH) has been defined as the combination of low testosterone levels, typically serum total testosterone below 300-350 ng/dL, together with manifestations of hypogonadism, in the absence of an intrinsic pathology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis. It is usually seen in middle-aged or elderly males as a product of aging and multimorbidity. This age-related decline in testosterone levels has been associated with numerous adverse outcomes. Testosterone therapy (TTh) is the mainstay of treatment for organic hypogonadism with an identifiable intrinsic pathology of the HPT axis. Current guidelines generally make weak recommendations for TTh in patients with FH, mostly in the presence of sexual dysfunction. Concerns about long-term safety have historically limited TTh use in middle-aged and elderly males with FH. However, recent randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have demonstrated safe long-term outcomes regarding prostatic and cardiovascular health, together with decreases in all-cause mortality and improvements in various domains, including sexual function, body composition, physical strength, bone density, and hematopoiesis. Furthermore, there are numerous insightful studies suggesting additional benefits of TTh, for instance in cardio-renal-metabolic conditions. Specifically, future trials should investigate the role of TTh in improving symptoms and prognosis in various clinical contexts, including sarcopenia, frailty, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, fracture risk, heart failure, stable angina, chronic kidney disease, mood disorders, and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Theodorakis
- Department of Cardiology & 65+ Clinic, Sismanogleio-Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 14, 25th Martiou Str, Melissia, 15127, Greece
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Georgios Feretzakis
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 18 Aristotelous Str, Patras, 26335, Greece.
| | - Georgia Vamvakou
- Department of Cardiology & 65+ Clinic, Sismanogleio-Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 14, 25th Martiou Str, Melissia, 15127, Greece
| | - Vassilios S Verykios
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 18 Aristotelous Str, Patras, 26335, Greece
| | - Antonis Polymeris
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus, Sismanogleio-Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 14, 25th Martiou Str, Melissia, 15127, Greece
| | - Maria Nikolaou
- Department of Cardiology & 65+ Clinic, Sismanogleio-Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 14, 25th Martiou Str, Melissia, 15127, Greece
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5
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Kritzer MF, Adler A, Locklear M. Androgen effects on mesoprefrontal dopamine systems in the adult male brain. Neuroscience 2024:S0306-4522(24)00306-3. [PMID: 38977069 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological data show that males are more often and/or more severely affected by symptoms of prefrontal cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and other disorders in which dopamine circuits associated with the prefrontal cortex are dysregulated. This review focuses on research showing that these dopamine circuits are powerfully regulated by androgens. It begins with a brief overview of the sex differences that distinguish prefrontal function in health and prefrontal dysfunction or decline in aging and/or neuropsychiatric disease. This review article then spotlights data from human subjects and animal models that specifically identify androgens as potent modulators of prefrontal cortical operations and of closely related, functionally critical measures of prefrontal dopamine level or tone. Candidate mechanisms by which androgens dynamically control mesoprefrontal dopamine systems and impact prefrontal states of hypo- and hyper-dopaminergia in aging and disease are then considered. This is followed by discussion of a working model that identifies a key locus for androgen modulation of mesoprefrontal dopamine systems as residing within the prefrontal cortex itself. The last sections of this review critically consider the ways in which the organization and regulation of mesoprefrontal dopamine circuits differ in the adult male and female brain, and highlights gaps where more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary F Kritzer
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5230, United States.
| | - Alexander Adler
- Department of Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
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Li Y, Li YJ, Fang X, Chen DQ, Yu WQ, Zhu ZQ. Peripheral inflammation as a potential mechanism and preventive strategy for perioperative neurocognitive disorder under general anesthesia and surgery. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1365448. [PMID: 39022312 PMCID: PMC11252726 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1365448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
General anesthesia, as a commonly used medical intervention, has been widely applied during surgical procedures to ensure rapid loss of consciousness and pain relief for patients. However, recent research suggests that general anesthesia may be associated with the occurrence of perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND). PND is characterized by a decline in cognitive function after surgery, including impairments in attention, memory, learning, and executive functions. With the increasing trend of population aging, the burden of PND on patients and society's health and economy is becoming more evident. Currently, the clinical consensus tends to believe that peripheral inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of PND, providing strong support for further investigating the mechanisms and prevention of PND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, China
| | - Ying-Jie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, China
| | - Xu Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical School of North Sichuan Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Dong-Qin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wan-Qiu Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhao-Qiong Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Early Clinical Research Ward of Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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7
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Schatz S, Gutiérrez GR. Enhancing socio-communicative functions in an MCI patient with intra-nasal insulin: a case report. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1326702. [PMID: 39006824 PMCID: PMC11239438 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1326702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This report examines extended intra-nasal insulin treatment [INI] for an Insulin Resistant early Mild Cognitive Impairment [MCI] patient. Patient [EJ] also had medial temporal lobe [MTL] damage, poor short-term memory, significant irritability, and social and linguistic withdrawal at treatment start. Compared to baseline, nine months INI treatment increased grey matter volume, lowered beta-amyloid levels, and improved MCI and FAS scores. Patient also increased pragmatic capacities in social conversation and procedural memory. These findings align with results from prior clinical trials on INI and suggest that treatment can slow neurodegenerative disease progression in early MCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Schatz
- International Studies, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Grace Rose Gutiérrez
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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8
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Martin LJ, Touaibia M. Prevention of Male Late-Onset Hypogonadism by Natural Polyphenolic Antioxidants. Nutrients 2024; 16:1815. [PMID: 38931170 PMCID: PMC11206339 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Androgen production primarily occurs in Leydig cells located in the interstitial compartment of the testis. In aging males, testosterone is crucial for maintaining muscle mass and strength, bone density, sexual function, metabolic health, energy levels, cognitive function, as well as overall well-being. As men age, testosterone production by Leydig cells of the testes begins to decline at a rate of approximately 1% per year starting from their 30s. This review highlights recent findings concerning the use of natural polyphenolics compounds, such as flavonoids, resveratrol, and phenolic acids, to enhance testosterone production, thereby preventing age-related degenerative conditions associated with testosterone insufficiency. Interestingly, most of the natural polyphenolic antioxidants having beneficial effects on testosterone production tend to enhance the expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (Star) gene in Leydig cells. The STAR protein facilitates the entry of the steroid precursor cholesterol inside mitochondria, a rate-limiting step for androgen biosynthesis. Natural polyphenolic compounds can also improve the activities of steroidogenic enzymes, hypothalamus-pituitary gland axis signaling, and testosterone bioavailability. Thus, many polyphenolic compounds such as luteolin, quercetin, resveratrol, ferulic acid phenethyl ester or gigantol may be promising in delaying the initiation of late-onset hypogonadism accompanying aging in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc J. Martin
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Mohamed Touaibia
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada;
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9
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Dratva MA, Banks SJ, Panizzon MS, Galasko D, Sundermann EE. Low testosterone levels relate to poorer cognitive function in women in an APOE-ε4-dependant manner. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:45. [PMID: 38835072 PMCID: PMC11151480 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00620-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Past research suggests that low testosterone levels relate to poorer cognitive function and higher Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk; however, these findings are inconsistent and are mostly derived from male samples, despite similar age-related testosterone decline in females. Both animal and human studies demonstrate that testosterone's effects on brain health may be moderated by apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE-ε4) carrier status, which may explain some previous inconsistencies. We examined how testosterone relates to cognitive function in older women versus men across healthy aging and the AD continuum and the moderating role of APOE-ε4 genotype. METHODS Five hundred and sixty one participants aged 55-90 (155 cognitively normal (CN), 294 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 112 AD dementia) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), who had baseline cognitive and plasma testosterone data, as measured by the Rules Based Medicine Human DiscoveryMAP Panel were included. There were 213 females and 348 males (self-reported sex assigned at birth), and 52% of the overall sample were APOE-ε4 carriers. We tested the relationship of plasma testosterone levels and its interaction with APOE-ε4 status on clinical diagnostic group (CN vs. MCI vs. AD), global, and domain-specific cognitive performance using ANOVAs and linear regression models in sex-stratified samples. Cognitive domains included verbal memory, executive function, processing speed, and language. RESULTS We did not observe a significant difference in testosterone levels between clinical diagnostic groups in either sex, regrardless of APOE-ε4 status. Across clinical diagnostic group, we found a significant testosterone by APOE-ε4 interaction in females, such that lower testosterone levels related to worse global cognition, processing speed, and verbal memory in APOE-ε4 carriers only. We did not find that testosterone, nor its interaction with APOE-ε4, related to cognitive outcomes in males. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that low testosterone levels in older female APOE-ε4 carriers across the aging-MCI-AD continuum may have deleterious, domain-specific effects on cognitive performance. Although future studies including additional sex hormones and longitudinal cognitive trajectories are needed, our results highlight the importance of including both sexes and considering APOE-ε4 carrier status when examining testosterone's role in cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Dratva
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- UCSD ACTRI Building, 2W502-B8, 9452 Medical Center Drive (MC-0841), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Sarah J Banks
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Matthew S Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92092, USA
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Erin E Sundermann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Aoki S, Yamagishi K, Maruyama K, Ikeda A, Nagao M, Noda H, Umesawa M, Hayama-Terada M, Muraki I, Okada C, Tanaka M, Kishida R, Kihara T, Takada M, Shimizu Y, Ohira T, Imano H, Sankai T, Okada T, Tanigawa T, Kitamura A, Kiyama M, Iso H. Mushroom intake and risk of incident disabling dementia: the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS). Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1641-1647. [PMID: 38239014 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452400014x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
It is uncertain whether dietary intake of mushrooms rich in dietary fibre and several antioxidants is associated with a lower risk of dementia. We sought to examine prospectively the association between mushroom intake and the risk of disabling dementia. We performed a prospective study involving 3750 people aged 40 to 64 years residing in three communities who participated in an annual cardiovascular risk survey from 1985 to 1999. Cases of incident disabling dementia were surveyed from 1999 to 2020. We calculated the hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI for incident total dementia according to mushroom intake among participants with or without a history of stroke. During a mean 16·0 years' follow-up in 3739 eligible participants, 670 people developed disabling dementia. For women, mushroom intake was inversely associated with the risk of total dementia and the association was confined to dementia without a history of stroke. The multivariable HR (95 % CI) for total dementia in women were 0·81 (0·62, 1·06) for mushroom intake of 0·1-14·9 g/d and 0·56 (0·42, 0·75) for mushroom intake above 15·0 g/d (Pfor trend = 0·003) compared with no intake. The corresponding HR (95 % CI) for dementia without a history of stroke were 0·66 (0·47, 0·93) and 0·55 (0·38, 0·79) (Pfor trend = 0·01). In men, no associations were observed between mushroom intake and the risk of disabling dementia. Among Japanese women, dietary mushroom intake was associated with a lower risk of disabling dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Aoki
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Institute of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Ibaraki Western Medical Center, Chikusei, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Institute of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Ibaraki Western Medical Center, Chikusei, Japan
| | - Kotatsu Maruyama
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Ai Ikeda
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Nagao
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Noda
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Umesawa
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Institute of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | | | - Isao Muraki
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Chika Okada
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Mari Tanaka
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Rie Kishida
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Institute of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tomomi Kihara
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Institute of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Midori Takada
- Epidemiology Section, Division of Public Health, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Shimizu
- Epidemiology Section, Division of Public Health, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hironori Imano
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sankai
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takeo Okada
- Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Masahiko Kiyama
- Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Institute of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Banihani SA. Role of Lipoic Acid in Testosterone Production in Males. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:42.e52. [PMID: 38772537 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Testosterone extends its impact beyond sexual function, playing a crucial role in shaping overall male health, including aspects such as muscle mass, bone density, mood regulation, and energy levels. Lipoic acid, a cofactor for specific enzymes, particularly dehydrogenases involved in cellular energy production, has been studied for its impact on testosterone. This comprehensive review systematically scoured PubMed and Scopus databases using the keywords "lipoic acid" and "testosterone." It encompassed all relevant English papers published from November 1971 to the present, including full texts and abstracts, along with research elucidating the biochemical mechanisms linking lipoic acid to testosterone. In summary, lipoic acid consistently restores testosterone levels, offering promise as an intervention in testicular health, especially in cases of testicular toxicity caused by various harmful agents. Its mechanisms encompass nitric oxide enhancement, fortification of testicular antioxidants, elevation of luteinizing hormone, enhancement of steroidogenesis, and the maintenance of energy production. These mechanisms underscore the therapeutic potential of lipoic acid for testicular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Ali Banihani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
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12
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Tsamou M, Roggen EL. Sex-associated microRNAs potentially implicated in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). Brain Res 2024; 1829:148791. [PMID: 38307153 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The onset and pathology of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) seem to be affected by both sex and genetic mechanisms. Evidence supports that the high prevalence of sAD in women, worldwide, may be attributed to an interplay among aging, sex, and lifestyle, influenced by genetics, metabolic changes, and hormones. Interestingly, epigenetic mechanisms such as microRNAs (miRNAs), known as master regulators of gene expression, may contribute to this observed sexual dimorphism in sAD. OBJECTIVES To investigate the potential impact of sex-associated miRNAs on processes manifesting sAD pathology, as described by the Tau-driven Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) leading to memory loss. METHODS Using publicly available human miRNA datasets, sex-biased miRNAs, defined as differentially expressed by sex in tissues possibly affected by sAD pathology, were collected. In addition, sex hormone-related miRNAs were also retrieved from the literature. The compiled sex-biased and sex hormone-related miRNAs were further plugged into the dysregulated processes of the Tau-driven AOP for memory loss. RESULTS Several miRNAs, previously identified as sex-associated, were implicated in dysregulated processes associated with the manifestation of sAD pathology. Importantly, the described pathology processes were not confined to a particular sex. A mechanistic-based approach utilizing miRNAs was adopted in order to elucidate the link between sex and biological processes potentially involved in the development of memory loss. CONCLUSIONS The identification of sex-associated miRNAs involved in the early processes manifesting memory loss may shed light to the complex molecular mechanisms underlying sAD pathogenesis in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsamou
- ToxGenSolutions (TGS), Oxfordlaan 70, 6229EV Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Erwin L Roggen
- ToxGenSolutions (TGS), Oxfordlaan 70, 6229EV Maastricht, The Netherlands
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13
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El Haj M, Allain P, Boutoleau-Bretonnière C, Chapelet G, Kapogiannis D, Ndobo A. Does Sex Matter? High Semantic Autobiographical Retrieval in Women and Men With Alzheimer's Disease. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:649-667. [PMID: 36165092 PMCID: PMC10040469 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221130223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The decline of autobiographical memory in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is mainly characterized by overgenerality. While there is a large body of research on autobiographical overgenerality in AD, this research has mainly assessed retrieval with a dichotomy between specific vs. general retrieval. To go beyond this dichotomy, we assessed several degrees of autobiographical specificity in patients with AD, namely, we assessed specific vs. categoric vs. extended vs. semantic retrieval. We also assessed sex differences regarding these degrees of autobiographical specificity. We invited patients with mild AD and control participants to complete sentences (e. g., "When I think back to/of…") with autobiographical memories. Memories were categorized into specific, categoric, extended, or semantic memories. Results demonstrated more semantic than specific, categoric or extended memories in men and women with AD. In control participants, analysis demonstrated more specific than categoric, extended, and semantic memories in men and women. Also, no significant differences were observed between women and men with AD, or between control women and men, regarding specific, categoric, extended, and semantic memoires. This study offers not only a nuanced analysis of autobiographical specificity in patients with mild AD, but also an original analysis regarding this specificity by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France; CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, Nantes, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Allain
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL EA 4638, SFR Confluences, UNIV Angers, Nantes Université, Maison de la recherche Germaine Tillion, Angers, France; Département de Neurologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Claire Boutoleau-Bretonnière
- CHU Nantes, Inserm CIC04, Nantes, France; CHU Nantes, Département de Neurologie, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et Recherche, Nantes, France
| | - Guillaume Chapelet
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, Nantes, France; CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, Nantes, France
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - André Ndobo
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France
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14
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Zhou M, Jiao Q, Wu Z, Li W, Liu G, Wang R, Tang Y. Uncovering the Oxidative Stress Mechanisms and Targets in Alzheimer's Disease by Integrating Phenotypic Screening Data and Polypharmacology Networks. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:S139-S156. [PMID: 36744334 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The oxidative stress hypothesis is challenging the dominant position of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the field of understanding the mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a complicated and untreatable neurodegenerative disease. Objective The goal of the present study was to uncover the oxidative stress mechanisms causing AD, as well as the potential therapeutic targets and neuroprotective drugs against oxidative stress mechanisms. Methods In this study, a systematic workflow combining pharmacological experiments and computational prediction was proposed. 222 drugs and natural products were collected first and then tested on SH-SY5Y cells to obtain phenotypic screening data on neuroprotection. The preliminary screening data were integrated with drug-target interactions (DTIs) and multi-scale biomedical data, which were analyzed with statistical tests and gene set enrichment analysis. A polypharmacology network was further constructed for investigation. Results 340 DTIs were matched in multiple databases, and 222 cell viability ratios were calculated for experimental compounds. We identified significant potential therapeutic targets based on oxidative stress mechanisms for AD, including NR3C1, SHBG, ESR1, PGR, and AVPR1A, which might be closely related to neuroprotective effects and pathogenesis. 50% of the top 14 enriched pathways were found to correlate with AD, such as arachidonic acid metabolism and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. Several approved drugs in this research were also found to exert neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress mechanisms, including beclometasone, methylprednisolone, and conivaptan. Conclusion Our results indicated that NR3C1, SHBG, ESR1, PGR, and AVPR1A were promising therapeutic targets and several drugs may be repurposed from the perspective of oxidative stress and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Zhou
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Jiao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengrui Wu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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15
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Chu J, Zhang W, Liu Y, Gong B, Ji W, Yin T, Gao C, Liangwen D, Hao M, Chen C, Zhuang J, Gao J, Yin Y. Biomaterials-based anti-inflammatory treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:100-115. [PMID: 37488851 PMCID: PMC10479833 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.374137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The current therapeutic drugs for Alzheimer's disease only improve symptoms, they do not delay disease progression. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new effective drugs. The underlying pathogenic factors of Alzheimer's disease are not clear, but neuroinflammation can link various hypotheses of Alzheimer's disease; hence, targeting neuroinflammation may be a new hope for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Inhibiting inflammation can restore neuronal function, promote neuroregeneration, reduce the pathological burden of Alzheimer's disease, and improve or even reverse symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. This review focuses on the relationship between inflammation and various pathological hypotheses of Alzheimer's disease; reports the mechanisms and characteristics of small-molecule drugs (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, neurosteroids, and plant extracts); macromolecule drugs (e.g., peptides, proteins, and gene therapeutics); and nanocarriers (e.g., lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and inorganic nanoparticles) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The review also makes recommendations for the prospective development of anti-inflammatory strategies based on nanocarriers for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Chu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weicong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Clinical Pharmacy Innovation Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baofeng Gong
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Ji
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danqi Liangwen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqi Hao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuimin Chen
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - You Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Reiss AB, Gulkarov S, Pinkhasov A, Sheehan KM, Srivastava A, De Leon J, Katz AE. Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Focus on Cognitive Function and Mood. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 60:77. [PMID: 38256338 PMCID: PMC10819522 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the United States. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is currently the primary treatment for metastatic prostate cancer, and some studies have shown that the use of anti-androgen drugs is related to a reduction in cognitive function, mood changes, diminished quality of life, dementia, and possibly Alzheimer's disease. ADT has potential physiological effects such as a reduction in white matter integrity and a negative impact on hypothalamic functions due to the lowering of testosterone levels or the blockade of downstream androgen receptor signaling by first- and second-generation anti-androgen drugs. A comparative analysis of prostate cancer patients undergoing ADT and Alzheimer patients identified over 30 shared genes, illustrating common ground for the mechanistic underpinning of the symptomatology. The purpose of this review was to investigate the effects of ADT on cognitive function, mood, and quality of life, as well as to analyze the relationship between ADT and Alzheimer's disease. The evaluation of prostate cancer patient cognitive ability via neurocognitive testing is described. Future studies should further explore the connection among cognitive deficits, mood disturbances, and the physiological changes that occur when hormonal balance is altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B. Reiss
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (S.G.); (K.M.S.); (A.S.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Shelly Gulkarov
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (S.G.); (K.M.S.); (A.S.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Aaron Pinkhasov
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA;
| | - Katie M. Sheehan
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (S.G.); (K.M.S.); (A.S.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (S.G.); (K.M.S.); (A.S.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Joshua De Leon
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (S.G.); (K.M.S.); (A.S.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Aaron E. Katz
- Department of Urology, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA;
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17
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Wu S, Wu Y, Fang L, Zhao J, Cai Y, Xia W. A negative association between triglyceride glucose-body mass index and testosterone in adult males: a cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1187212. [PMID: 37361537 PMCID: PMC10289259 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1187212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Insulin resistance (IR) is closely related to the decline or deficiency of testosterone in males. Triglyceride glucose-body mass (TyG-BMI) is considered to be a novel indicator of IR. We conducted this analysis to investigate the association between TyG-BMI and male testosterone, and to explore whether its ability to predict testosterone deficiency is superior to HOMA-IR and TyG. Methods This was a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011-2016). The TyG-BMI index was calculated from serum triglyceride, fasting plasma glucose and BMI. The association of TyG-BMI with male testosterone was estimated by weighted multivariable regression. Results We included 3394 participants for the final analysis. After adjusting for confounders, TyG-BMI was found to show an independent negative association with testosterone (β=-1.12, 95%CI: -1.50, -0.75, P<0.0001). Multivariate-adjusted beta also showed testosterone levels were significantly lower in the two highest TyG-BMI group (Q3, Q4) compared to the lowest group (Q1). Similar results were seen in all of the subgroup populations by stratified analysis (all P-interaction >0.05). Furthermore, ROC curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve of TyG-BMI index (0.73, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.75) was larger than that of HOMA-IR index (0.71, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.73) and TyG index (0.66, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.68). Conclusion Our result suggested a negative association between TyG-BMI index and testosterone in adult males. The predictability of the TyG-BMI index for testosterone deficiency is better than that of HOMA-IR index and TyG index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhong Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lizi Fang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junzhao Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaoyao Cai
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiting Xia
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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18
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Yeung CHC, Au Yeung SL, Kwok MK, Zhao JV, Schooling CM. The influence of growth and sex hormones on risk of alzheimer's disease: a mendelian randomization study. Eur J Epidemiol 2023:10.1007/s10654-023-01015-2. [PMID: 37253999 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-023-01015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is more prevalent in women, possibly due to sex or growth hormones but existing evidence is inconclusive. We investigated whether genetically predicted sex and growth hormones are associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease. Genetic variants strongly and independently predicting insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were obtained from large, published genome wide associations studies (GWAS) and applied to GWAS of Alzheimer's disease based on clinical diagnosis (cases = 21,982, control = 41,944) from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project and the UK Biobank parental (maternal cases = 27,696; paternal cases = 14,338) and siblings' diagnosis (cases = 2,171) as proxy cases. Published GWAS summary statistics were used in our analyses. Estimates were obtained from inverse variance weighting with sensitivity analysis (i.e., MR-Egger, weighted median and MR-PRESSO). Multivariable analyses adjusted for pleiotropic effects and possible sources of selection bias were also performed. Genetically predicted higher total testosterone may reduce the risk of paternal Alzheimer's disease (odds ratio (OR) 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76 to 0.97, per SD increase in testosterone) and in meta-analysis for women (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87, 0.98) with directionally similar results from other analyses. SHBG were not associated with Alzheimer's disease. IGF-1 in women was inversely associated with risk of clinical Alzheimer's disease in sensitivity analysis but not in the main analysis. These results suggest genetically predicted higher total testosterone may lower risk of Alzheimer's disease. The role of testosterone and the immune system in Alzheimer's disease could be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Ho Ching Yeung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Shiu Lun Au Yeung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man Ki Kwok
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie V Zhao
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, USA
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19
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Song L, Chen H, Qiao D, Zhang B, Guo F, Zhang Y, Wang C, Li S, Cui H. ZIP9 mediates the effects of DHT on learning, memory and hippocampal synaptic plasticity of male Tfm and APP/PS1 mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1139874. [PMID: 37305050 PMCID: PMC10248430 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1139874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgens are closely associated with functions of hippocampal learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity. The zinc transporter ZIP9 (SLC39A9) regulates androgen effects as a binding site distinct from the androgen receptor (AR). However, it is still unclear whether androgens regulate their functions in hippocampus of mice through ZIP9. Compared with wild-type (WT) male mice, we found that AR-deficient male testicular feminization mutation (Tfm) mice with low androgen levels had learning and memory impairment, decreased expression of hippocampal synaptic proteins PSD95, drebrin, SYP, and dendritic spine density. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) supplementation significantly improved these conditions in Tfm male mice, although the beneficial effects disappeared after hippocampal ZIP9 knockdown. To explore the underlying mechanism, we first detected the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and eIF4E in the hippocampus and found that it was lower in Tfm male mice than in WT male mice, it upregulated with DHT supplementation, and it downregulated after hippocampal ZIP9 knockdown. Next, we found that the expression of PSD95, p-ERK1/2, and p-eIF4E increased in DHT-treated mouse hippocampal neuron HT22 cells, and ZIP9 knockdown or overexpression inhibited or further enhanced these effects. Using the ERK1/2 specific inhibitor SCH772984 and eIF4E specific inhibitor eFT508, we found that DHT activated ERK1/2 through ZIP9, resulting in eIF4E phosphorylation, thus promoting PSD95 protein expression in HT22 cells. Finally, we found that ZIP9 mediated the effects of DHT on the expression of synaptic proteins PSD95, drebrin, SYP, and dendritic spine density in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice through the ERK1/2-eIF4E pathway and affected learning and memory. This study demonstrated that androgen affected learning and memory in mice through ZIP9, providing new experimental evidence for improvement in learning and memory in Alzheimer's disease with androgen supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigang Song
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Sports Human Science, Hebei Sport University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Dan Qiao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Fangzhen Guo
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yizhou Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huixian Cui
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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20
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Nicoletti A, Baschi R, Cicero CE, Iacono S, Re VL, Luca A, Schirò G, Monastero R. Sex and gender differences in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: a narrative review. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 212:111821. [PMID: 37127082 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), exhibit high phenotypic variability and they are very common in the general population. These diseases are associated with poor prognosis and a significant burden on patients and their caregivers. Although increasing evidence suggests that biological sex is an important factor for the development and phenotypical expression of some NDs, the role of sex and gender in the diagnosis and prognosis of NDs has been poorly explored. Current knowledge relating to sex- and gender-related differences in the epidemiology, clinical features, biomarkers, and treatment of AD, PD, and ALS will be summarized in this narrative review. The cumulative evidence hitherto collected suggests that sex and gender are factors to be considered in explaining the heterogeneity of these NDs. Clarifying the role of sex and gender in AD, PD, and ALS is a key topic in precision medicine, which will facilitate sex-specific prevention and treatment strategies to be implemented in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Nicoletti
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Roberta Baschi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Via La Loggia 1, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Edoardo Cicero
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Iacono
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Via La Loggia 1, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzina Lo Re
- Neurology Service, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS-ISMETT), Via Ernesto Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy; Women's Brain Project, Guntershausen, Switzerland
| | - Antonina Luca
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Schirò
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Via La Loggia 1, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Monastero
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Via La Loggia 1, 90129 Palermo, Italy.
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21
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Niu PP, Wang X, Xu YM. Causal effects of serum testosterone levels on brain volume: a sex-stratified Mendelian randomization study. J Endocrinol Invest 2023:10.1007/s40618-023-02028-0. [PMID: 36780066 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the causal effects of serum testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin levels on brain volumetric measurements in women and men. METHODS We performed a sex-stratified two-sample Mendelian randomization study using the random-effects inverse variance-weighted method as the primary analysis method. Sex-specific genetic instruments were obtained from a study with up to 194,453 men and 230,454 women. For testosterone, variants with dominant effects on both total and bioavailable testosterone but no aggregate effect on sex hormone-binding globulin were used as the main genetic instruments. Sex-specific summary-level data for magnetic resonance imaging brain volumetric measurements were obtained from a study with 11,624 women and 10,514 men. RESULTS Analyses showed per standard deviation (approximately 3.7 nmol/L) higher testosterone levels in men were suggestively associated with larger gray matter volume (beta = 0.208, 95% confidence interval = 0.067 to 0.349, p = 0.004). The association remained in sensitivity analyses and multivariable analyses. Further analyses showed the effect was mainly act on peripheral cortical gray matter, but not on subcortical gray matter. Testosterone in men was not associated with hippocampal volume. Testosterone in women and sex hormone binding globulin in both sexes had no effect on all outcomes. CONCLUSION Our findings overall support previous evidence that testosterone might have neuroprotective properties in elderly men. Future larger trials with long duration of intervention are warranted to assess the efficacy of testosterone for elderly men with cognitive impairment, especially in those with hypoandrogenism.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-P Niu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jian She Road 1#, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - X Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jian She Road 1#, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Y-M Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jian She Road 1#, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
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22
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Sultana F, Davis SR, Bell RJ, Taylor S, Islam RM. Association between testosterone and cognitive performance in postmenopausal women: a systematic review of observational studies. Climacteric 2023; 26:5-14. [PMID: 36366914 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2022.2139600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This review was conducted to explore the association between endogenous testosterone blood concentrations and cognitive performance among community dwelling postmenopausal women. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases for observational studies with at least 100 postmenopausal participants. The results were categorized by study design, reporting of total or free testosterone and risk of bias assessments, narratively. Ten of the 26 articles retrieved for full-text review met the inclusion criteria, six provided cross-sectional data, seven provided longitudinal data and one provided case-control data. Cognitive performance tests differed between studies. Eight studies measured testosterone by immunoassay, one by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and one did not specify their methodology. Eleven different cognitive domains were tested by 37 different instruments. Irrespective of the study design, the findings were inconsistent and inconclusive. Both positive and inverse associations were reported for each of global cognition and immediate and delayed verbal recall. The majority of studies reported no association between total or free testosterone and cognitive performance. Although this review did not demonstrate an association between testosterone and cognitive performance in postmenopausal women, the findings should be considered inconclusive due to the imprecision of testosterone measurement and the methodological heterogeneity of the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sultana
- Women's Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Environmental Interventions Unit, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S R Davis
- Women's Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - R J Bell
- Women's Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S Taylor
- Women's Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - R M Islam
- Women's Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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23
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Abstract
As men grow older, circulating testosterone concentrations decline, while prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia increase. Epidemiological studies of middle-aged and older men have demonstrated associations of lower testosterone concentrations with higher prevalence and incidence of cognitive decline and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. In observational studies, men with prostate cancer treated by androgen deprivation therapy had a higher risk of dementia. Small intervention studies of testosterone using different measures of cognitive function have provided inconsistent results, with some suggesting improvement. A randomised placebo-controlled trial of one year's testosterone treatment conducted in 788 men aged ≥ 65 years, baseline testosterone < 9.54 nmol/L, showed an improvement in sexual function, but no improvement in cognitive function. There is a known association between diabetes and dementia risk. A randomised placebo-controlled trial of two year's testosterone treatment in 1,007 men aged 50-74 years, waist circumference ≥ 95 cm, baseline testosterone ≤ 14 nmol/L, showed an effect of testosterone in reducing type 2 diabetes risk. There were no cognitive endpoints in that trial. Additional research is warranted but at this stage lower testosterone concentrations in ageing men should be regarded as a biomarker rather than a proven therapeutic target for risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu B Yeap
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia.
| | - Leon Flicker
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
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24
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Cunliffe G, Lim YT, Chae W, Jung S. Alternative Pharmacological Strategies for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Neuromodulator Function. Biomedicines 2022; 10:3064. [PMID: 36551821 PMCID: PMC9776382 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, comprising 70% of dementia diagnoses worldwide and affecting 1 in 9 people over the age of 65. However, the majority of its treatments, which predominantly target the cholinergic system, remain insufficient at reversing pathology and act simply to slow the inevitable progression of the disease. The most recent neurotransmitter-targeting drug for AD was approved in 2003, strongly suggesting that targeting neurotransmitter systems alone is unlikely to be sufficient, and that research into alternate treatment avenues is urgently required. Neuromodulators are substances released by neurons which influence neurotransmitter release and signal transmission across synapses. Neuromodulators including neuropeptides, hormones, neurotrophins, ATP and metal ions display altered function in AD, which underlies aberrant neuronal activity and pathology. However, research into how the manipulation of neuromodulators may be useful in the treatment of AD is relatively understudied. Combining neuromodulator targeting with more novel methods of drug delivery, such as the use of multi-targeted directed ligands, combinatorial drugs and encapsulated nanoparticle delivery systems, may help to overcome limitations of conventional treatments. These include difficulty crossing the blood-brain-barrier and the exertion of effects on a single target only. This review aims to highlight the ways in which neuromodulator functions are altered in AD and investigate how future therapies targeting such substances, which act upstream to classical neurotransmitter systems, may be of potential therapeutic benefit in the sustained search for more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Cunliffe
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Yi Tang Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
- Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Woori Chae
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
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25
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Evidences for Mutant Huntingtin Inducing Musculoskeletal and Brain Growth Impairments via Disturbing Testosterone Biosynthesis in Male Huntington Disease Animals. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233779. [PMID: 36497038 PMCID: PMC9737670 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Body weight (BW) loss and reduced body mass index (BMI) are the most common peripheral alterations in Huntington disease (HD) and have been found in HD mutation carriers and HD animal models before the manifestation of neurological symptoms. This suggests that, at least in the early disease stage, these changes could be due to abnormal tissue growth rather than tissue atrophy. Moreover, BW and BMI are reported to be more affected in males than females in HD animal models and patients. Here, we confirmed sex-dependent growth alterations in the BACHD rat model for HD and investigated the associated contributing factors. Our results showed growth abnormalities along with decreased plasma testosterone and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels only in males. Moreover, we demonstrated correlations between growth parameters, IGF-1, and testosterone. Our analyses further revealed an aberrant transcription of testosterone biosynthesis-related genes in the testes of BACHD rats with undisturbed luteinizing hormone (LH)/cAMP/PKA signaling, which plays a key role in regulating the transcription process of some of these genes. In line with the findings in BACHD rats, analyses in the R6/2 mouse model of HD showed similar results. Our findings support the view that mutant huntingtin may induce abnormal growth in males via the dysregulation of gene transcription in the testis, which in turn can affect testosterone biosynthesis.
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26
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Establishing and Verifying a Robust Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method to Simultaneously Measure Seven Androgens Present in Plasma Samples. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9110377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To develop a robust liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method to simultaneously measure seven human plasma androgens, namely testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androstenedione (A4), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KetoT), and 11β-hydroxytestosterone (11β-OHT). Design and Methods: Plasma was extracted via a solid phase extraction method, and the analytical performance of the assay was validated according to the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Overall, 73 apparently healthy volunteers were recruited to evaluate the distribution of these seven androgens; their levels in 25 females with acne and 33 obese females were also evaluated. Results: The developed method exhibited a good precision, with the total coefficient variations (CV) and the intra-assay CVs being within 10%. Furthermore, the recoveries of T, DHT, A4, DHEA, DHEAS, 11-KetoT, and 11β-OHT were 90.3–105.8, 88.7–98.1, 92.4–102.5, 90.5–106.7, 87.6–99.9, 93.3–105.3, and 90.2–104.4%, respectively, and no significant matrix effect was observed after internal standard correction (<20%). Moreover, the limits of quantification were 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.10, 5.00, 0.02, and 0.02 ng/mL for T, DHT, A4, DHEA, DHEAS, 11-KetoT, and 11β-OHT, respectively, which are adequate for their accurate measurement in human plasma samples. It was also determined that patients diagnosed with acne had significantly higher levels of DHT, A4, and DHEAS, while those suffering from obesity had significantly higher levels of T and A4 but lower levels of DHT. Conclusions: A robust LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of seven androgens in plasma samples was successfully established and validated, which plays important roles in clinical application.
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27
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Marriott RJ, Murray K, Flicker L, Hankey GJ, Matsumoto AM, Dwivedi G, Antonio L, Almeida OP, Bhasin S, Dobs AS, Handelsman DJ, Haring R, O'Neill TW, Ohlsson C, Orwoll ES, Vanderschueren D, Wittert GA, Wu FCW, Yeap BB. Lower serum testosterone concentrations are associated with a higher incidence of dementia in men: The UK Biobank prospective cohort study. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:1907-1918. [PMID: 34978125 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association of testosterone concentrations with dementia risk remains uncertain. We examined associations of serum testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with incidence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Serum total testosterone and SHBG were measured by immunoassay. The incidence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) was recorded. Cox proportional hazards regression was adjusted for age and other variables. RESULTS In 159,411 community-dwelling men (median age 61, followed for 7 years), 826 developed dementia, including 288 from AD. Lower total testosterone was associated with a higher incidence of dementia (overall trend: P = .001, lowest vs highest quintile: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13-1.81), and AD (P = .017, HR = 1.80, CI = 1.21-2.66). Lower SHBG was associated with a lower incidence of dementia (P < .001, HR = 0.66, CI = 0.51-0.85) and AD (P = .012, HR = 0.53, CI = 0.34-0.84). DISCUSSION Lower total testosterone and higher SHBG are independently associated with incident dementia and AD in older men. Additional research is needed to determine causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross J Marriott
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Leon Flicker
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Western Australian Centre for Healthy Ageing, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Graeme J Hankey
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Alvin M Matsumoto
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, USA
| | - Girish Dwivedi
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Leen Antonio
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Osvaldo P Almeida
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Western Australian Centre for Healthy Ageing, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Adrian S Dobs
- Division of Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Robin Haring
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,European University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Applied Public Health, Rostock, Germany
| | - Terence W O'Neill
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, University of Manchester and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Vastra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gary A Wittert
- Freemasons Centre for Men's Health and Wellbeing, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Frederick C W Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bu B Yeap
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
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28
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Saleki K, Banazadeh M, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N. Aging, testosterone, and neuroplasticity: friend or foe? Rev Neurosci 2022; 34:247-273. [PMID: 36017670 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity or neural plasticity implicates the adaptive potential of the brain in response to extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli. The concept has been utilized in different contexts such as injury and neurological disease. Neuroplasticity mechanisms have been classified into neuroregenerative and function-restoring processes. In the context of injury, neuroplasticity has been defined in three post-injury epochs. Testosterone plays a key yet double-edged role in the regulation of several neuroplasticity alterations. Research has shown that testosterone levels are affected by numerous factors such as age, stress, surgical procedures on gonads, and pharmacological treatments. There is an ongoing debate for testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in aging men; however, TRT is more useful in young individuals with testosterone deficit and more specific subgroups with cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, it is important to pay early attention to testosterone profile and precisely uncover its harms and benefits. In the present review, we discuss the influence of environmental factors, aging, and gender on testosterone-associated alterations in neuroplasticity, as well as the two-sided actions of testosterone in the nervous system. Finally, we provide practical insights for further study of pharmacological treatments for hormonal disorders focusing on restoring neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarash Saleki
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, 47176 47745 Babol, Iran.,USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, 47176 47745 Babol, Iran.,Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 14197 33151 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Banazadeh
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 14197 33151 Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76169 13555 Kerman, Iran
| | - Amene Saghazadeh
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 14197 33151 Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14197 33151 Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14197 33151 Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14176 13151 Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 14197 33151 Tehran, Iran
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29
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Andrews EJ, Martini AC, Head E. Exploring the role of sex differences in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis in Down syndrome. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:954999. [PMID: 36033603 PMCID: PMC9411995 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.954999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Women are disproportionately affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet little is known about sex-specific effects on the development of AD in the Down syndrome (DS) population. DS is caused by a full or partial triplication of chromosome 21, which harbors the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene, among others. The majority of people with DS in their early- to mid-40s will accumulate sufficient amyloid-beta (Aβ) in their brains along with neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) for a neuropathological diagnosis of AD, and the triplication of the APP gene is regarded as the main cause. Studies addressing sex differences with age and impact on dementia in people with DS are inconsistent. However, women with DS experience earlier age of onset of menopause, marked by a drop in estrogen, than women without DS. This review focuses on key sex differences observed with age and AD in people with DS and a discussion of possible underlying mechanisms that could be driving or protecting from AD development in DS. Understanding how biological sex influences the brain will lead to development of dedicated therapeutics and interventions to improve the quality of life for people with DS and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Andrews
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Alessandra C. Martini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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30
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Ocañas SR, Ansere VA, Tooley KB, Hadad N, Chucair-Elliott AJ, Stanford DR, Rice S, Wronowski B, Pham KD, Hoffman JM, Austad SN, Stout MB, Freeman WM. Differential Regulation of Mouse Hippocampal Gene Expression Sex Differences by Chromosomal Content and Gonadal Sex. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4669-4702. [PMID: 35589920 PMCID: PMC9119800 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Common neurological disorders, like Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and autism, display profound sex differences in prevalence and clinical presentation. However, sex differences in the brain with health and disease are often overlooked in experimental models. Sex effects originate, directly or indirectly, from hormonal or sex chromosomal mechanisms. To delineate the contributions of genetic sex (XX v. XY) versus gonadal sex (ovaries v. testes) to the epigenomic regulation of hippocampal sex differences, we used the Four Core Genotypes (FCG) mouse model which uncouples chromosomal and gonadal sex. Transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses of ~ 12-month-old FCG mouse hippocampus, revealed genomic context-specific regulatory effects of genotypic and gonadal sex on X- and autosome-encoded gene expression and DNA modification patterns. X-chromosomal epigenomic patterns, classically associated with X-inactivation, were established almost entirely by genotypic sex, independent of gonadal sex. Differences in X-chromosome methylation were primarily localized to gene regulatory regions including promoters, CpG islands, CTCF binding sites, and active/poised chromatin, with an inverse relationship between methylation and gene expression. Autosomal gene expression demonstrated regulation by both genotypic and gonadal sex, particularly in immune processes. These data demonstrate an important regulatory role of sex chromosomes, independent of gonadal sex, on sex-biased hippocampal transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles. Future studies will need to further interrogate specific CNS cell types, identify the mechanisms by which sex chromosomes regulate autosomes, and differentiate organizational from activational hormonal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Ocañas
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13thStreet, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Victor A Ansere
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13thStreet, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kyla B Tooley
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13thStreet, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Ana J Chucair-Elliott
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13thStreet, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - David R Stanford
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13thStreet, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Shannon Rice
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13thStreet, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Benjamin Wronowski
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kevin D Pham
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13thStreet, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jessica M Hoffman
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Steven N Austad
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michael B Stout
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Willard M Freeman
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13thStreet, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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31
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Yao M, Rosario ER, Soper JC, Pike CJ. Androgens Regulate Tau Phosphorylation Through Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Protein Kinase B-Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Signaling. Neuroscience 2022:S0306-4522(22)00335-9. [PMID: 35777535 PMCID: PMC9797620 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Age-related testosterone depletion in men is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). How testosterone modulates AD risk remains to be fully elucidated, although regulation of tau phosphorylation has been suggested as a contributing protective action. To investigate the relationship between testosterone and tau phosphorylation, we first evaluated the effect of androgen status on tau phosphorylation in 3xTg-AD mice. Depletion of endogenous androgens via gonadectomy resulted in increased tau phosphorylation that was prevented by acute testosterone treatment. Parallel alterations in the phosphorylation of both glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and protein kinase B (Akt) suggest possible components of the underlying signaling pathway. To further explore mechanism, primary cultured neurons were treated with a physiological concentration of testosterone or its active metabolite dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Results showed that testosterone and DHT induced significant decreases in phosphorylated tau and significant increases in phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β. Pharmacological inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) effectively inhibited androgen-induced increases in Akt and GSK3β phosphorylation, and decreases in tau phosphorylation. In addition, androgen receptor (AR) knock-down by small interfering RNA prevented androgen-induced changes in the phosphorylation of Akt, GSK3β and tau, suggesting an AR-dependent mechanism. Additional experiments demonstrated androgen-induced changes in Akt, GSK3β and tau phosphorylation in AR-expressing PC12 cells but not in AR-negative PC12 cells. Together, these results suggest an AR-dependent pathway involving PI3K-Akt-GSK3β signaling through which androgens can reduce tau phosphorylation. These findings identify an additional protective mechanism of androgens that can improve neural health and inhibit development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhong Yao
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Emily R Rosario
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jenna Carroll Soper
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Christian J Pike
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Кузнецов КО, Хайдарова РР, Хабибуллина РХ, Стыценко ЕС, Философова ВИ, Нуриахметова ИР, Хисамеева ЭМ, Важоров ГС, Хайбуллин ФР, Иванова ЕА, Горбатова КВ. [Testosterone and Alzheimer's disease]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2022; 68:97-107. [PMID: 36337024 PMCID: PMC9762454 DOI: 10.14341/probl13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes dementia in half of the cases. Asthma is usually found in people over 65 years of age. The etiopathogenesis of the disease is multifactorial and includes genetic factors, nutritional disorders, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and aging. Sex hormones have an important influence on the development of AD, as evidenced by a higher incidence in women than in men. Considering the significant influence of T on the maintenance of normal brain function, the present study is aimed at evaluating the impact of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), as well as testosterone therapy, on the risk of AD development and progression. Although there is some clinical inconsistency between studies, androgens have a significant effect on brain function and are beneficial for AD patients. Low levels of circulating androgens should be considered as a significant risk factor for the development of AD and memory loss. With a reduced level of T in the plasma of men, its administration improves cognitive performance and memory, treatment should be started at an early stage of the disease. In men and women with AD, androgens improve mental state and slow the progression of the disease, providing a protective effect. In the future, it is necessary to conduct studies on a large population, taking into account personality factors and a more specific approach to assessing cognitive functions and the causal relationship of T administration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- К. О. Кузнецов
- Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова
| | | | - Р. Х. Хабибуллина
- Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова
| | - Е. С. Стыценко
- Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет
| | - В. И. Философова
- Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова
| | | | | | - Г. С. Важоров
- Чувашский государственный университет им. И.Н. Ульянова
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Lin F, Hong G, Kwon F, Pirani F, Makhani S, Henry M, Cooke I, Nabavizadeh R, Midenberg E, Mehta A, Ritenour C, Master VA, Ogan K. Low free testosterone is associated with increased mortality in frail surgical patients. Surg Open Sci 2022; 7:36-41. [PMID: 35036888 PMCID: PMC8743202 DOI: 10.1016/j.sopen.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preoperative frailty has been associated with adverse postoperative outcomes. Additionally, low testosterone has been associated with physical frailty and cognitive decline. However, the impact of simultaneous frailty and low testosterone on surgical outcomes is understudied. Methods Preoperative frailty status and testosterone levels were obtained in patients undergoing a diverse range of surgical procedures. Preoperative frailty was evaluated independently and in combination with testosterone through the creation of composite risk groups. Relationships between preoperative frailty and composite risk groups with overall survival were determined using Kaplan–Meier and logistic regression analyses. Bivariate analysis was used to determine the associations between frailty and testosterone status on postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and readmission rates. Results Median age of the cohort was 63 years, and the median follow-up time was 105 weeks. Thirty-one patients (23%) were frail, and 36 (27%) had low free testosterone. Bivariate analysis demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between preoperative frailty and overall survival (P = .044). In multivariate analysis, coexisting frailty and low free testosterone were significantly associated with decreased overall survival (hazard ratio 4.93, 95% confidence interval, 1.68–14.46, P = .004). Conclusion We observed preoperative frailty, both independently and in combination with low free testosterone levels, to be significantly associated with decreased overall survival across various surgical procedures. Personalizing the surgical risk assessment through the incorporation of preoperative frailty and testosterone status may serve to improve the prognostication of patients undergoing major surgery. Both frailty (P = .015) and low free testosterone (P = .005) were independently associated with 1-year mortality. After stratifying our cohort into 4 composite groups based on frailty and testosterone status, frail patients with low free T had the shortest overall survival when compared to the reference group, with nearly a 5-fold higher risk of death.
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Key Words
- ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists
- BMI, body mass index
- CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index
- CI, confidence interval
- ECOG, Eastern COoperative Oncology Group
- HR, hazard ratio
- IQR, interquartile range
- OS, overall survival
- T, testosterone
- eGFR, estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Lin
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gordon Hong
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Frances Kwon
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Mark Henry
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ian Cooke
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Reza Nabavizadeh
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric Midenberg
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Akanksha Mehta
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chad Ritenour
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Viraj A Master
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kenneth Ogan
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Bianchi VE. Impact of Testosterone on Alzheimer's Disease. World J Mens Health 2022; 40:243-256. [PMID: 35021306 PMCID: PMC8987133 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease responsible for almost half of all dementia cases in the world and progressively increasing. The etiopathology includes heritability, genetic factors, aging, nutrition, but sex hormones play a relevant role. Animal models demonstrated that testosterone (T) exerted a neuroprotective effect reducing the production of amyloid-beta (Aβ), improving synaptic signaling, and counteracting neuronal death. This study aims to evaluate the impact of T deprivation and T administration in humans on the onset of dementia and AD. A search was conducted on MEDLINE and Scopus for the “androgen deprivation therapy” and “testosterone therapy” with “dementia” and “Alzheimer’s.” Studies lasting twenty years with low risk of bias, randomized clinical trial, and case-controlled studies were considered. Twelve articles on the effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and AD and seventeen on T therapy and AD were retrieved. Men with prostate cancer under ADT showed a higher incidence of dementia and AD. The effect of T administration in hypogonadal men with AD and cognitive impairment has evidenced some positive results. The majority of studies showed the T administration improved memory and cognition in AD while others did not find any benefit. Although some biases in the studies are evident, T therapy for AD patients may represent an essential clinical therapy to reduce dementia incidence and AD progression. However, more specific case-controlled trials on the effect of androgens therapy in men and women to reducing the onset of AD are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Emanuele Bianchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center Stella Maris, Falciano, San Marino, Italy.
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Kalecký K, German DC, Montillo AA, Bottiglieri T. Targeted Metabolomic Analysis in Alzheimer's Disease Plasma and Brain Tissue in Non-Hispanic Whites. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:1875-1895. [PMID: 35253754 PMCID: PMC9108583 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolites are biological compounds reflecting the functional activity of organs and tissues. Understanding metabolic changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) can provide insight into potential risk factors in this multifactorial disease and suggest new intervention strategies or improve non-invasive diagnosis. OBJECTIVE In this study, we searched for changes in AD metabolism in plasma and frontal brain cortex tissue samples and evaluated the performance of plasma measurements as biomarkers. METHODS This is a case-control study with two tissue cohorts: 158 plasma samples (94 AD, 64 controls; Texas Alzheimer's Research and Care Consortium - TARCC) and 71 postmortem cortex samples (35 AD, 36 controls; Banner Sun Health Research Institute brain bank). We performed targeted mass spectrometry analysis of 630 compounds (106 small molecules: UHPLC-MS/MS, 524 lipids: FIA-MS/MS) and 232 calculated metabolic indicators with a metabolomic kit (Biocrates MxP® Quant 500). RESULTS We discovered disturbances (FDR≤0.05) in multiple metabolic pathways in AD in both cohorts including microbiome-related metabolites with pro-toxic changes, methylhistidine metabolism, polyamines, corticosteroids, omega-3 fatty acids, acylcarnitines, ceramides, and diglycerides. In AD, plasma reveals elevated triglycerides, and cortex shows altered amino acid metabolism. A cross-validated diagnostic prediction model from plasma achieves AUC = 82% (CI95 = 75-88%); for females specifically, AUC = 88% (CI95 = 80-95%). A reduced model using 20 features achieves AUC = 79% (CI95 = 71-85%); for females AUC = 84% (CI95 = 74-92%). CONCLUSION Our findings support the involvement of gut environment in AD and encourage targeting multiple metabolic areas in the design of intervention strategies, including microbiome composition, hormonal balance, nutrients, and muscle homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Kalecký
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dwight C. German
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Albert A. Montillo
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
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Zouhal H, Jayavel A, Parasuraman K, Hayes LD, Tourny C, Rhibi F, Laher I, Abderrahman AB, Hackney AC. Effects of Exercise Training on Anabolic and Catabolic Hormones with Advanced Age: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2021; 52:1353-1368. [PMID: 34936049 PMCID: PMC9124654 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Ageing is accompanied by decreases in physical capacity and physiological regulatory mechanisms including altered hormonal regulation compared with age-matched sedentary people. The potential benefits of exercise in restoring such altered hormone production and secretion compared to age-matched physically inactive individuals who are ageing remains unclear. Objectives The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the findings of exercise training in modulating levels of ostensibly anabolic and catabolic hormones in adults aged > 40 years. Methods We searched the following electronic databases (to July 2021) without a period limit: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science. Additionally, a manual search for published studies in Google Scholar was conducted for analysis of the ‘grey literature’ (information produced outside of traditional commercial or academic publishing and distribution channels). The initial search used the terms ‘ageing’ OR ‘advanced age’ OR ‘old people’ OR ‘older’ OR elderly’ AND ‘anabolic hormones’ OR ‘catabolic hormones’ OR ‘steroid hormones’ OR ‘sex hormones’ OR ‘testosterone’ OR ‘cortisol’ OR ‘insulin’ OR ‘insulin-like growth factor-1’ OR ‘IGF-1’ OR ‘sex hormone-binding globulin’ OR ‘SHBG’ OR ‘growth hormone’ OR ‘hGH’ OR ‘dehydroepiandrosterone’ OR ‘DHEA’ OR ‘dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S)’ AND ‘exercise training’ OR ‘endurance training’ OR ‘resistance training’ OR ‘ strength training’ OR ‘weight-lifting’ OR ‘high-intensity interval training’ OR ‘high-intensity interval exercise’ OR ‘high-intensity intermittent training’ OR ‘high-intensity intermittent exercise’ OR ‘interval aerobic training’ OR ‘interval aerobic exercise’ OR ‘intermittent aerobic training’ OR ‘intermittent aerobic exercise’ OR ‘high-intensity training’ OR ‘high-intensity exercise’ OR ‘sprint interval training’ OR ‘sprint interval exercise’ OR ‘combined exercise training’ OR ‘anaerobic training’. Only eligible full texts in English or French were considered for analysis. Results Our search identified 484 records, which led to 33 studies for inclusion in the analysis. Different exercise training programs were used with nine studies using endurance training programs, ten studies examining the effects of high-intensity interval training, and 14 studies investigating the effects of resistance training. Most training programs lasted ≥ 2 weeks. Studies, regardless of the design, duration or intensity of exercise training, reported increases in testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), human growth hormone (hGH) or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (effect size: 0.19 < d < 3.37, small to very large) in both older males and females. However, there was no consensus on the effects of exercise on changes in cortisol and insulin in older adults. Conclusion In conclusion, findings from this systematic review suggest that exercise training increases basal levels of testosterone, IGF-1, SHBG, hGH and DHEA in both male and females over 40 years of age. The increases in blood levels of these hormones were independent of the mode, duration and intensity of the training programs. However, the effects of long-term exercise training on cortisol and insulin levels in elderly people are less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassane Zouhal
- M2S, Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé, EA 1274, Université Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France.
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), 35850, Irodouer, France.
| | - Ayyappan Jayavel
- SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Chennai, TN, 603203, India
| | - Kamalanathan Parasuraman
- SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Chennai, TN, 603203, India
| | - Lawrence D Hayes
- Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Lanarkshire Campus, Glasgow, G72 0LH, UK
| | | | - Fatma Rhibi
- M2S, Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé, EA 1274, Université Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Ismail Laher
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Lunenfeld B, Mskhalaya G, Zitzmann M, Corona G, Arver S, Kalinchenko S, Tishova Y, Morgentaler A. Recommendations on the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of testosterone deficiency in men. Aging Male 2021; 24:119-138. [PMID: 34396893 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2021.1962840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The relative proportional increase of the elderly population within many countries will become one of the most significant social transformations of the twenty-first century and, for the first time in history, persons aged 65 or above outnumbered children under five years of age globally. One in four persons living in Europe and Northern America will be aged 65 or over. One of the goals of ISSAM is to raise awareness of the special health needs of older men. Since a significant number of aging men will eventually become testosterone deficient, the Hypogonadism panel of ISSAM updates its guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lunenfeld
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Michael Zitzmann
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology/Clinical and Surgical Andrology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Giovanni Corona
- Medical Department, Endocrinology Unit, Maggiore Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefan Arver
- Department of Medicine/Huddinge Karolinska Institutet and ANOVA, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Svetlana Kalinchenko
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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Supakul S, Okano H, Maeda S. Utilization of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived In vitro Models for the Future Study of Sex Differences in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:768948. [PMID: 34803659 PMCID: PMC8599796 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.768948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an aging-dependent neurodegenerative disease that impairs cognitive function. Although the main pathologies of AD are the aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and phosphorylated Tau protein, the mechanisms that lead to these pathologies and their effects are believed to be heterogeneous among patients. Many epidemiological studies have suggested that sex is involved in disease prevalence and progression. The reduction of sex hormones contributes to the pathogenesis of AD, especially in females, suggesting that the supplementation of sex hormones could be a therapeutic intervention for AD. However, interventional studies have revealed that hormone therapy is beneficial under limited conditions in certain populations with specific administration methods. Thus, this suggests the importance of identifying crucial factors that determine hormonal effects in patients with AD. Based on these factors, it is necessary to decide which patients will receive the intervention before starting it. However, the long observational period and many uncontrollable environmental factors in clinical trials made it difficult to identify such factors, except for the APOE ε4 allele. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from patients can differentiate into neurons and recapitulate some aspects of AD pathogenesis. This in vitro model allows us to control non-cell autonomous factors, including the amount of Aβ aggregates and sex hormones. Hence, iPSCs provide opportunities to investigate sex-dependent pathogenesis and predict a suitable population for clinical trials of hormone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopak Supakul
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumihiro Maeda
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Reiss AB, Saeedullah U, Grossfeld DJ, Glass AD, Pinkhasov A, Katz AE. Prostate cancer treatment and the relationship of androgen deprivation therapy to cognitive function. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:733-741. [PMID: 34743290 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common form of cancer in men. For advanced, high risk prostate cancer, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the preferred treatment and can induce remission, but resistance to ADT brings biochemical recurrence and progression of cancer. ADT brings adverse effects such as erectile dysfunction, decreased libido, and diminished physical strength. It is estimated that between 25 and 50% of men on ADT manifest some form of cognitive dysfunction that may be self-reported or reported by a family member. There is concern that impaired cognitive function with ADT is due to loss of testosterone support. Testosterone and its metabolites are known to possess neuroprotective properties. While a direct causal relationship between ADT and cognitive decline in prostate cancer patients has not been established, this review describes the controversy surrounding the possible connection between ADT and neurocognitive deterioration. The cellular and molecular mechanisms believed to underlie the protection of neuronal integrity by androgens are discussed. Results from animal models and human clinical studies are presented. Finally, we call attention to lifestyle modifications that may minimize cognitive issues in prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Reiss
- Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA.
| | - U Saeedullah
- Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA
| | - D J Grossfeld
- Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA
| | - A D Glass
- Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA
| | - A Pinkhasov
- Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA
| | - A E Katz
- Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Suite 4-004, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA
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Serum metabolomic biomarkers of perceptual speed in cognitively normal and mildly impaired subjects with fasting state stratification. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18964. [PMID: 34556796 PMCID: PMC8460824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline is associated with both normal aging and early pathologies leading to dementia. Here we used quantitative profiling of metabolites involved in the regulation of inflammation, vascular function, neuronal function and energy metabolism, including oxylipins, endocannabinoids, bile acids, and steroid hormones to identify metabolic biomarkers of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Serum samples (n = 212) were obtained from subjects with or without MCI opportunistically collected with incomplete fasting state information. To maximize power and stratify the analysis of metabolite associations with MCI by the fasting state, we developed an algorithm to predict subject fasting state when unknown (n = 73). In non-fasted subjects, linoleic acid and palmitoleoyl ethanolamide levels were positively associated with perceptual speed. In fasted subjects, soluble epoxide hydrolase activity and tauro-alpha-muricholic acid levels were negatively associated with perceptual speed. Other cognitive domains showed associations with bile acid metabolism, but only in the non-fasted state. Importantly, this study shows unique associations between serum metabolites and cognitive function in the fasted and non-fasted states and provides a fasting state prediction algorithm based on measurable metabolites.
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Carmichael OT, Pillai SR, Murray K, Shankapal P, Caldwell J, Vartanian O, Berryman CE, Karl JP, Harris M, Rood JC, Pasiakos SM, Lieberman HR. Effects of testosterone administration on fMRI responses to executive function, aggressive behavior, and emotion processing tasks during severe exercise- and diet-induced energy deficit. Neuroimage 2021; 243:118496. [PMID: 34425226 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical administration of testosterone is widely used due to a variety of claimed physical and cognitive benefits. Testosterone administration is associated with enhanced brain and cognitive function, as well as mood, in energy-balanced males, although such relationships are controversial. However, the effects of testosterone administration on the brains of energy-deficient males, whose testosterone concentrations are likely to be well below normal, have not been investigated. METHODS This study collected functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 50 non-obese young men before (PRE) and shortly after (POST) 28 days of severe exercise-and-diet-induced energy deficit during which testosterone (200 mg testosterone enanthate per week in sesame oil, TEST) or placebo (sesame seed oil only, PLA) were administered. Scans were also collected after a post-energy-deficit weight regain period (REC). Participants completed five fMRI tasks that assessed aspects of: 1) executive function (Attention Network Task or ANT; Multi-Source Interference Task or MSIT; AXE Continuous Processing Task or AXCPT); 2) aggressive behavior (Provoked Aggression Task or AGG); and 3) latent emotion processing (Emotional Face Processing or EMO). RESULTS Changes over time in task-related fMRI activation in a priori defined task-critical brain regions during performance of 2 out of 5 tasks were significantly different between TEST and PLA, with TEST showing greater levels of activation during ANT in the right anterior cingulate gyrus at POST and during MSIT in several brain regions at REC. Changes over time in objective task performance were not statistically significant; testosterone-treated volunteers had greater self-reported anger during AGG at POST. CONCLUSIONS Testosterone administration can alter some aspects of brain function during severe energy deficit and increase levels of anger.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kori Murray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - John Caldwell
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA, USA; Laulima Government Solutions, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Oshin Vartanian
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Claire E Berryman
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Belcamp, MD, USA; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - J P Karl
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA, USA
| | - Melissa Harris
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Stefan M Pasiakos
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA, USA
| | - Harris R Lieberman
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA, USA
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42
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Lee JH, Cho SH, Jang EH, Kim SA. Sex-specific Changes in Brain Estrogen Metabolism Induced by Acute Trimethyltin Exposure. In Vivo 2021; 35:793-797. [PMID: 33622871 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM In this study, we investigated sex-specific effects of acute exposure to trimethyltin, a known neurotoxicant on metabolic steroids. MATERIALS AND METHODS We administered intraperitoneally 2.3 mg/kg trimethyltin to 4-week-old male mice and measured the levels of metabolic steroids 24 h after treatment. We also measured mRNA and protein levels of cytochrome P450 1B1 using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. RESULTS Cortisol levels in the cortex increased in both sexes following acute trimethyltin exposure. The estradiol levels decreased, and the 4-hydroxyestradiol levels increased only in females. We also observed increased cytochrome P450 1B1 mRNA and protein levels only in the female cortex. CONCLUSION Acute trimethyltin exposure induces distinct sex-specific metabolic changes in the brain before significant sexual maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Cho
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea;
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Walsh MJM, Wallace GL, Gallegos SM, Braden BB. Brain-based sex differences in autism spectrum disorder across the lifespan: A systematic review of structural MRI, fMRI, and DTI findings. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 31:102719. [PMID: 34153690 PMCID: PMC8233229 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Females with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been long overlooked in neuroscience research, but emerging evidence suggests they show distinct phenotypic trajectories and age-related brain differences. Sex-related biological factors (e.g., hormones, genes) may play a role in ASD etiology and have been shown to influence neurodevelopmental trajectories. Thus, a lifespan approach is warranted to understand brain-based sex differences in ASD. This systematic review on MRI-based sex differences in ASD was conducted to elucidate variations across the lifespan and inform biomarker discovery of ASD in females We identified articles through two database searches. Fifty studies met criteria and underwent integrative review. We found that regions expressing replicable sex-by-diagnosis differences across studies overlapped with regions showing sex differences in neurotypical cohorts. Furthermore, studies investigating age-related brain differences across a broad age-span suggest distinct neurodevelopmental patterns in females with ASD. Qualitative comparison across youth and adult studies also supported this hypothesis. However, many studies collapsed across age, which may mask differences. Furthermore, accumulating evidence supports the female protective effect in ASD, although only one study examined brain circuits implicated in "protection." When synthesized with the broader literature, brain-based sex differences in ASD may come from various sources, including genetic and endocrine processes involved in brain "masculinization" and "feminization" across early development, puberty, and other lifespan windows of hormonal transition. Furthermore, sex-related biology may interact with peripheral processes, in particular the stress axis and brain arousal system, to produce distinct neurodevelopmental patterns in males and females with ASD. Future research on neuroimaging-based sex differences in ASD would benefit from a lifespan approach in well-controlled and multivariate studies. Possible relationships between behavior, sex hormones, and brain development in ASD remain largely unexamined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J M Walsh
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 975 S. Myrtle Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Gregory L Wallace
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The George Washington University, 2115 G St. NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Stephen M Gallegos
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 975 S. Myrtle Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - B Blair Braden
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 975 S. Myrtle Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
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Gadomsky L, Dos Santos Guilherme M, Winkler J, van der Kooij MA, Hartmann T, Grimm M, Endres K. Elevated Testosterone Level and Urine Scent Marking in Male 5xFAD Alzheimer Model Mice. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 17:80-92. [PMID: 32065104 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200217105537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Function of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (AβPP) and its various cleavage products still is not unraveled down to the last detail. While its role as a source of the neurotoxic Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is undisputed and its property as a cell attachment protein is intriguing, while functions outside the neuronal context are scarcely investigated. This is particularly noteworthy because AβPP has a ubiquitous expression profile and its longer isoforms, AβPP750 and 770, are found in various tissues outside the brain and in non-neuronal cells. OBJECTIVE Here, we aimed at analyzing the 5xFAD Alzheimer's disease mouse model in regard to male sexual function. The transgenes of this mouse model are regulated by Thy1 promoter activity and Thy1 is expressed in testes, e.g. by Sertoli cells. This allows speculation about an influence on sexual behavior. METHODS We analyzed morphological as well as biochemical properties of testicular tissue from 5xFAD mice and wild type littermates and testosterone levels in serum, testes and the brain. Sexual behavior was assessed by a urine scent marking test at different ages for both groups. RESULTS While sperm number, testes weight and morphological phenotypes of sperms were nearly indistinguishable from those of wild type littermates, testicular testosterone levels were significantly increased in the AD model mice. This was accompanied by elevated and prolonged sexual interest as displayed within the urine scent marking test. CONCLUSION We suggest that overexpression of AβPP, which mostly is used to mimic AD in model mice, also affects male sexual behavior as assessed additional by the Urine Scent Marking (USM) test. The elevated testosterone levels might have an additional impact on central nervous system androgen receptors and also have to be considered when assessing learning and memory capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gadomsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg- University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Malena Dos Santos Guilherme
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg- University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jakob Winkler
- German Institute for Dementia Prevention (GIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Michael A van der Kooij
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg- University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- German Institute for Dementia Prevention (GIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Marcus Grimm
- German Institute for Dementia Prevention (GIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg- University, Mainz, Germany
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Whittaker J, Wu K. Low-fat diets and testosterone in men: Systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 210:105878. [PMID: 33741447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher endogenous testosterone levels are associated with reduced chronic disease risk and mortality. Since the mid-20th century, there have been significant changes in dietary patterns, and men's testosterone levels have declined in western countries. Cross-sectional studies show inconsistent associations between fat intake and testosterone in men. METHODS Studies eligible for inclusion were intervention studies, with minimal confounding variables, comparing the effect of low-fat vs high-fat diets on men's sex hormones. 9 databases were searched from their inception to October 2020, yielding 6 eligible studies, with a total of 206 participants. Random effects meta-analyses were performed using Cochrane's Review Manager software. Cochrane's risk of bias tool was used for quality assessment. RESULTS There were significant decreases in sex hormones on low-fat vs high-fat diets. Standardised mean differences with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for outcomes were: total testosterone [-0.38 (95 % CI -0.75 to -0.01) P = 0.04]; free testosterone [-0.37 (95 % CI -0.63 to -0.11) P = 0.005]; urinary testosterone [-0.38 (CI 95 % -0.66 to -0.09) P = 0.009]; and dihydrotestosterone [-0.3 (CI 95 % -0.56 to -0.03) P = 0.03]. There were no significant differences for luteinising hormone or sex hormone binding globulin. Subgroup analysis for total testosterone, European and North American men, showed a stronger effect [-0.52 (95 % CI -0.75 to -0.3) P < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS Low-fat diets appear to decrease testosterone levels in men, but further randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm this effect. Men with European ancestry may experience a greater decrease in testosterone, in response to a low-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Whittaker
- The School of Allied Health and Community, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, WR2 6AJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Kexin Wu
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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Penell JC, Kushnir MM, Lind L, Bergquist J, Bergquist J, Lind PM, Naessen T. Concentrations of nine endogenous steroid hormones in 70-year-old men and women. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:511-520. [PMID: 33878730 PMCID: PMC8183619 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Circulating concentrations of endogenous steroids have systemic implications on health in elderly. However, population-based age- and ethnicity-specific data are scarce. The aim was to report sex-specific plasma concentrations of endogenous sex and adrenal steroids in elderly Swedish Caucasians, to examine the impact of BMI and to present concentrations in apparently healthy subjects. METHODS A population-based observational study of 70-year olds, including 684 community-dwelling men and women enrolled in the PIVUS study, Sweden. Median plasma concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for pregnenolone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxy-progesterone, 11-deoxycortisol, DHEA, androstenedione, testosterone, estrone and estradiol. RESULTS Plasma concentrations were significantly higher in men (n = 452) than in women (n = 232) for estradiol: median 61.3 pmol/L (95% CI, 11.4, 142.7) vs 18.4 (4.0, 127.3), for estrone: 92.8 (33.3, 206) vs 71.6 (17.8, 209) pmol/L, and for testosterone 13.8 (5.7, 28.0) vs 0.7 (0.2, 2.0) nmol/L. Higher concentrations of estrone and estradiol were observed in obese than non-obese women. Compared to non-obese men, obese men had lower concentrations of testosterone and its precursors: 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione and DHEA. The subgroup of apparently healthy individuals had median values > 20% lower for estrone and estradiol in women but slightly higher for testosterone in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of estradiol, estrone and testosterone were higher in 70-year-old men than in women. BMI associated positively to estradiol and estrone in women and negatively to testosterone in men. Apparently healthy women had lower median concentrations of estradiol and estrone and men had higher median testosterone compared to all individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Christina Penell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence should be addressed to J C Penell:
| | - Mark M Kushnir
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry – BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Chemistry – BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Monica Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tord Naessen
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Tan S, Porter T, Bucks RS, Weinborn M, Milicic L, Brown A, Rainey-Smith SR, Taddei K, Ames D, Masters CL, Maruff P, Savage G, Rowe CC, Villemagne VL, Brown B, Sohrabi HR, Laws SM, Martins RN. Androgen receptor CAG repeat length as a moderator of the relationship between free testosterone levels and cognition. Horm Behav 2021; 131:104966. [PMID: 33714752 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.104966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Age-related decrease in testosterone levels is a potential risk factor for cognitive decline in older men. However, observational studies and clinical trials have reported inconsistent results on the effects of testosterone on individual cognitive domains. Null findings may be attributed to factors that studies have yet to consider. In particular, individual variations in polyglutamine (CAG) length in the androgen receptor (AR) gene could alter androgenic activity in brain regions associated with cognitive processes including memory and executive functions. However, the role of AR CAG repeat length as a moderator of the relationship between testosterone levels and cognition has not been investigated. Therefore, we aimed to examine the relationship between baseline calculated free testosterone (cFT) levels, change in cFT levels over 18 months and CAG repeat length on cognitive performance in memory, executive function, language, attention and processing speed domains. These relationships were examined in 304 cognitively normal older male participants of the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) Study of Ageing. In the attention and processing speed domain, a short CAG repeat length appears to exacerbate the effects of low baseline cFT levels that are also lower than expected at follow-up. These results highlight that individual variations in AR CAG repeat length should be considered in future studies and clinical trials that examine the complex relationship between testosterone and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherilyn Tan
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tenielle Porter
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Weinborn
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lidija Milicic
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ailsa Brown
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin Taddei
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Ames
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; National Ageing Research Institute (NARI), Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; CogState Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Greg Savage
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine & Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine & Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda Brown
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education (SHEE), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hamid R Sohrabi
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education (SHEE), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Simon M Laws
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Azar J, Salama M, Chidambaram SB, Al‐Balushi B, Essa MM, Qoronfleh MW. Precision health in Alzheimer disease: Risk assessment‐based strategies. PRECISION MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/prm2.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jihan Azar
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology (I‐GHHE) The American University in Cairo (AUC) Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology (I‐GHHE) The American University in Cairo (AUC) Cairo Egypt
- Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Mysuru India
| | - Buthaina Al‐Balushi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman
| | - M. Walid Qoronfleh
- Q3CG Research Institute (QRI) Research & Policy Division Ypsilanti Michigan USA
- 21 Health Street, Consulting Services London UK
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Nørgaard M, Horváth-Puhó E, Corraini P, Sørensen HT, Henderson VW. Sleep disruption and Alzheimer's disease risk: Inferences from men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 32:100740. [PMID: 33681742 PMCID: PMC7910709 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbances may increase risks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is usually associated with lower urinary tract symptoms, including nocturia, and thereby disturbed sleep. We examined if men with BPH are at increased risk of AD and all-cause dementia. METHODS In a Danish nationwide cohort (1996-2016), we identified 297,026 men with BPH, defined by inpatient or outpatient hospital diagnosis or by BPH-related surgical or medical treatment, and 1,107,176 men from the general population matched by birth year. We computed rates, cumulative incidences, and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of AD and all-cause dementia. Follow-up started 1 year after BPH diagnosis date/index date. FINDINGS Median follow-up was 6·9 years (Interquartile range (IQR), 3·6 - 11·6 years] in the BPH cohort and 6·4 years (IQR: 3·4 - 10·8 years) in the comparison cohort. The cumulative 1-10 year risk of AD was 1·15% [95% confidence interval (CI), 1·11-1·20], in the BPH cohort and 1·00% (95% CI, 0·98 - 1·02) in the comparison cohort. The adjusted 1-10-year hazard ratios were 1·16 (95% CI: 1·10-1·21) for AD and 1·21 (95% CI: 1·17-1·25) for all-cause dementia. From >10 years up to 21 years of follow-up, BPH remained associated with 10%- 20% increased risk of AD and all-cause dementia. INTERPRETATION During up to 21 years of follow-up, men with BPH had persistently higher risk of AD and all-cause dementia compared with men in the general population. Our results identify BPH as a common, potentially remediable disorder associated with dementia risk. FUNDING Lundbeckfonden, Aarhus University Research Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Nørgaard
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Erzsébet Horváth-Puhó
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Priscila Corraini
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Toft Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, 259 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5405, United States
| | - Victor W. Henderson
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, 259 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5405, United States
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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50
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Zhao X, Liang S, Wang N, Hong T, Sambou M, Fan J, Zhu M, Wang C, Hang D, Jiang Y, Dai J. Sex-Specific Associations of Testosterone and Genetic Factors With Health Span. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:773464. [PMID: 34899607 PMCID: PMC8655098 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.773464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested associations between testosterone, genetic factors, and a series of complex diseases, but the associations with the lifespan phenotype, such as health span, remain unclear. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, we analyzed 145,481 men and 147,733 women aged 38-73 years old from UK Biobank (UKB) to investigate the sex-specific associations of total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), or polygenic risk score (PRS) with health span termination (HST) risk. At baseline, serum testosterone levels were measured. HST was defined by eight events strongly associated with longevity. PRS, an efficient tool combining the effect of common genetic variants to discriminate genetic risk of complex phenotypes, was constructed by 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to health span from UKB (P ≤ 5.0 × 10-8). We used multivariable Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS With a median follow-up time of 7.70 years, 26,748 (18.39%) men and 18,963 (12.84%) women had HST. TT was negatively associated with HST in men [HR per standard deviation (SD) increment of log-TT: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88-0.97]. Inversely, both TT (HR per SD increment of log-TT: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.08) and FT (HR per SD increment of log-FT: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05-1.11) presented an increased risk of HST in women. PRS was positively associated with HST risk (quintile 5 versus quintile 1, men, HR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.15-1.24; women, HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.16-1.27). Moreover, men with high TT and low genetic risk showed the lowest HST risk (HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.73-0.88), whereas HST risk for women with both high TT and genetic risk increased obviously (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.19-1.46). Similar joint effects were observed for FT in both genders. CONCLUSIONS We observed sex-specific associations that testosterone was negatively associated with HST risk in men and positively associated with HST risk in women. Genetic factors increased the HST risk, suggesting that participants with both high genetic risk and abnormal testosterone levels (high level in women or low level in men) should be the target for early intervention. Although our findings highlight the associations between testosterone and health span, further mechanistic studies and prospective trials are warranted to explore the causation behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nanxi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongtong Hong
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammed Lamin Sambou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyi Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine and China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine and China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Hang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine and China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine and China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine and China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Juncheng Dai,
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