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Lai YLL, Hsu FT, Yeh SY, Kuo YT, Lin HH, Lin YC, Kuo LW, Chen CY, Liu HS. Atrophy of the cholinergic regions advances from early to late mild cognitive impairment. Neuroradiology 2024; 66:543-556. [PMID: 38240769 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-024-03290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the volumetric changes in the components of the cholinergic pathway for patients with early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) and those with late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI). The effect of patients' apolipoprotein 4 (APOE-ε4) allele status on the structural changes were analyzed. METHODS Structural magnetic resonance imaging data were collected. Patients' demographic information, plasma data, and validated global cognitive composite scores were included. Relevant features were extracted for constructing machine learning models to differentiate between EMCI (n = 312) and LMCI (n = 541) and predict patients' neurocognitive function. The data were analyzed primarily through one-way analysis of variance and two-way analysis of covariance. RESULTS Considerable differences were observed in cholinergic structural changes between patients with EMCI and LMCI. Cholinergic atrophy was more prominent in the LMCI cohort than in the EMCI cohort (P < 0.05 family-wise error corrected). APOE-ε4 differentially affected cholinergic atrophy in the LMCI and EMCI cohorts. For LMCI cohort, APOE-ε4 carriers exhibited increased brain atrophy (left amygdala: P = 0.001; right amygdala: P = 0.006, and right Ch123, P = 0.032). EMCI and LCMI patients showed distinctive associations of gray matter volumes in cholinergic regions with executive (R2 = 0.063 and 0.030 for EMCI and LMCI, respectively) and language (R2 = 0.095 and 0.042 for EMCI and LMCI, respectively) function. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirmed significant cholinergic atrophy differences between early and late stages of mild cognitive impairment. The impact of the APOE-ε4 allele on cholinergic atrophy varied between the LMCI and EMCI groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Liang Larry Lai
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Yeh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tzu Kuo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsien Lin
- CT/MR Division, Rotary Trading CO., LTD, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hua-Shan Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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El Menuawy A, Brüning T, Eiriz I, Hähnel U, Marthe F, Möhle L, Górska AM, Santos-García I, Wangensteen H, Wu J, Pahnke J. Apolar Extracts of St. John's Wort Alleviate the Effects of β-Amyloid Toxicity in Early Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1301. [PMID: 38279301 PMCID: PMC10816143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) has been described to be beneficial for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Different extractions have demonstrated efficiency in mice and humans, esp. extracts with a low hypericin and hyperforin content to reduce side effects such as phototoxicity. In order to systematically elucidate the therapeutic effects of H. perforatum extracts with different polarities, APP-transgenic mice were treated with a total ethanol extract (TE), a polar extract obtained from TE, and an apolar supercritical CO2 (scCO2) extract. The scCO2 extract was formulated with silicon dioxide (SiO2) for better oral application. APP-transgenic mice were treated with several extracts (total, polar, apolar) at different concentrations. We established an early treatment paradigm from the age of 40 days until the age of 80 days, starting before the onset of cerebral β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition at 45 days of age. Their effects on intracerebral soluble and insoluble Aβ were analyzed using biochemical analyses. Our study confirms that the scCO2H. perforatum formulation shows better biological activity against Aβ-related pathological effects than the TE or polar extracts. Clinically, the treatment resulted in a dose-dependent improvement in food intake with augmentation of the body weight, and, biochemically, it resulted in a significant reduction in both soluble and insoluble Aβ (-27% and -25%, respectively). We therefore recommend apolar H. perforatum extracts for the early oral treatment of patients with mild cognitive impairment or early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El Menuawy
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab/Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty/KlinMED, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural Crops, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Erwin-Baur Straße 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab/Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty/KlinMED, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Iván Eiriz
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab/Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty/KlinMED, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Urs Hähnel
- Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural Crops, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Erwin-Baur Straße 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Frank Marthe
- Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural Crops, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Erwin-Baur Straße 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Möhle
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab/Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty/KlinMED, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Maria Górska
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab/Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty/KlinMED, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Irene Santos-García
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab/Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty/KlinMED, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Wangensteen
- Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo (UiO), Sem Sælands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jingyun Wu
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab/Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty/KlinMED, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab/Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty/KlinMED, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine (INUM) and Lübeck Institute of Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck (UzL) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 3, 1004 Rīga, Latvia
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neuroscience, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Georg S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Ji X, Peng X, Tang H, Pan H, Wang W, Wu J, Chen J, Wei N. Alzheimer's disease phenotype based upon the carrier status of the apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13208. [PMID: 37646624 PMCID: PMC10711266 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele (APOE4) is universally acknowledged as the most potent genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). APOE4 promotes the initiation and progression of AD. Although the underlying mechanisms are unclearly understood, differences in lipid-bound affinity among the three APOE isoforms may constitute the basis. The protein APOE4 isoform has a high affinity with triglycerides and cholesterol. A distinction in lipid metabolism extensively impacts neurons, microglia, and astrocytes. APOE4 carriers exhibit phenotypic differences from non-carriers in clinical examinations and respond differently to multiple treatments. Therefore, we hypothesized that phenotypic classification of AD patients according to the status of APOE4 carrier will help specify research and promote its use in diagnosing and treating AD. Recent reviews have mainly evaluated the differences between APOE4 allele carriers and non-carriers from gene to protein structures, clinical features, neuroimaging, pathology, the neural network, and the response to various treatments, and have provided the feasibility of phenotypic group classification based on APOE4 carrier status. This review will facilitate the application of APOE phenomics concept in clinical practice and promote further medical research on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Yu Ji
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeGuangdongChina
- Brain Function and Disease LaboratoryShantou University Medical CollegeGuangdongChina
| | - Xin‐Yuan Peng
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeGuangdongChina
| | - Hai‐Liang Tang
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical NeurobiologyInstitutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College‐Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Pan
- Shantou Longhu People's HospitalShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Wei‐Tang Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeGuangdongChina
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeGuangdongChina
- Brain Function and Disease LaboratoryShantou University Medical CollegeGuangdongChina
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeGuangdongChina
| | - Nai‐Li Wei
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeGuangdongChina
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Wang J, Wang M, Ren S, Huang L, He K, Li J, Hua F, Guan Y, Guo Q, Huang Q, Xie F. The Effect of Gender and APOE ɛ4 Status on Brain Amyloid-β Deposition in Different Age Groups of Mild Cognitively Impaired Individuals: A PET-CT Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD221166. [PMID: 37334590 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender, APOE ɛ4 status and age have different effects on brain amyloid deposition in patients with mild cognitively impaired (MCI). OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of gender×APOE ɛ4 status interaction on Aβ deposition in the brains of individuals with MCI in different age groups by PET scanning. METHODS 204 individuals with MCI were classified into younger or older groups based on whether they were under or over 65 years of age. APOE genotyping, structural MRI, amyloid PET scans, and neuropsychological tests were performed. The effect of gender×APOE ɛ4 status interaction on Aβ deposition was assessed in different age groups. RESULTS APOE ɛ4 carriers had higher amyloid deposition than noncarriers in the whole group. Females with MCI had more amyloid deposition in the medial temporal lobe than males in the whole cohort and younger group. Older individuals with MCI had higher amyloid deposition than younger individuals. In stratified analysis by age, female APOE ɛ4 carriers had significantly increased amyloid deposition compared to their male counterparts only in the medial temporal lobe in the younger group. Amyloid deposition was increased in female APOE ɛ4 carriers compared to noncarriers in the younger group, whereas higher amyloid deposition was observed in male APOE ɛ4 carriers in the older group. CONCLUSION Women in the younger group with MCI who were APOE ɛ4 carriers had more amyloid deposition in the brain, while men in the older group with MCI who were APOE ɛ4 carriers had higher amyloid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhua Ren
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junpeng Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengchun Hua
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Guan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihao Guo
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kim H, Kim S, Cho B, Shin J, Kim J. APOE ε4-dependent effects on the early amyloid pathology in induced neurons of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:45. [PMID: 36284363 PMCID: PMC9594913 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE ε4) is the strongest known genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD), associated with amyloid pathogenesis. However, it is not clear how APOE ε4 accelerates amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition during the seeding stage of amyloid development in AD patient neurons. Methods AD patient induced neurons (iNs) with an APOE ε4 inducible system were prepared from skin fibroblasts of AD patients. Transcriptome analysis was performed using RNA isolated from the AD patient iNs expressing APOE ε4 at amyloid-seeding and amyloid-aggregation stages. Knockdown of IGFBP3 was applied in the iNs to investigate the role of IGFBP3 in the APOE ε4-mediated amyloidosis. Results We optimized amyloid seeding stage in the iNs of AD patients that transiently expressed APOE ε4. Remarkably, we demonstrated that Aβ pathology was aggravated by the induction of APOE ε4 gene expression at the amyloid early-seeding stage in the iNs of AD patients. Moreover, transcriptome analysis in the early-seeding stage revealed that IGFBP3 was functionally important in the molecular pathology of APOE ε4-associated AD. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the presence of APOE ε4 at the early Aβ-seeding stage in patient iNs is critical for aggravation of sporadic AD pathology. These results provide insights into the importance of APOE ε4 expression for the progression and pathogenesis of sporadic AD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40035-022-00319-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwon Kim
- grid.255168.d0000 0001 0671 5021Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620 Republic of Korea ,grid.255168.d0000 0001 0671 5021Laboratory of Stem Cells & Gene Editing, Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620 Republic of Korea
| | - Siyoung Kim
- grid.255168.d0000 0001 0671 5021Laboratory of Stem Cells & Gene Editing, Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620 Republic of Korea
| | - Byounggook Cho
- grid.255168.d0000 0001 0671 5021Laboratory of Stem Cells & Gene Editing, Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaein Shin
- grid.255168.d0000 0001 0671 5021Laboratory of Stem Cells & Gene Editing, Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620 Republic of Korea
| | - Jongpil Kim
- grid.255168.d0000 0001 0671 5021Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620 Republic of Korea ,grid.255168.d0000 0001 0671 5021Laboratory of Stem Cells & Gene Editing, Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620 Republic of Korea
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Ma JP, Robbins CB, Lee JM, Soundararajan S, Stinnett SS, Agrawal R, Plassman BL, Lad EM, Whitson H, Grewal DS, Fekrat S. Longitudinal Analysis of the Retina and Choroid in Cognitively Normal Individuals at Higher Genetic Risk of Alzheimer Disease. Ophthalmol Retina 2022; 6:607-619. [PMID: 35283324 PMCID: PMC9271592 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the baseline differences and longitudinal rate of change in retinal and choroidal imaging parameters between apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE ε4) carriers and noncarriers with normal cognition. DESIGN Prospective study. SUBJECTS Four hundred thirteen eyes of 218 individuals with normal cognition aged ≥ 55 years with known APOE status (98 APOE ε4 carriers and 120 noncarriers). The exclusion criteria included diabetes mellitus, uncontrolled hypertension, glaucoma, and vitreoretinal or neurodegenerative disease. METHODS OCT and OCT angiography (OCTA) were performed at baseline and 2 years (Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT 5000 with AngioPlex; Zeiss Meditec). The groups were compared using sex- and age-adjusted generalized estimating equations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES OCT parameters: retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness, central subfield thickness (CST), and choroidal vascularity index. OCT angiography parameters: foveal avascular zone area, perfusion density (PD), vessel density, peripapillary capillary PD (CPD), and capillary flux index (CFI). The rate of change per year was calculated. RESULTS At the baseline, the APOE ε4 carriers had lower CST (P = 0.018), PD in the 6-mm ETDRS circle (P = 0.049), and temporal CFI (P = 0.047). Seventy-one APOE ε4 carriers and 78 noncarriers returned at 2 years; at follow-up, the 6-mm ETDRS circle (P = 0.05) and outer ring (P = 0.049) showed lower PD in the APOE ε4 carriers, with no differences in the rates of change between the groups (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There was exploratory evidence of differences in the CST, PD, and peripapillary CFI between the APOE ε4 carriers and noncarriers with normal cognition. Larger and longer-term studies may help further elucidate the potential prognostic value of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Ma
- iMIND Research Group, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cason B Robbins
- iMIND Research Group, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jia Min Lee
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Srinath Soundararajan
- iMIND Research Group, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sandra S Stinnett
- iMIND Research Group, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rupesh Agrawal
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brenda L Plassman
- iMIND Research Group, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Eleonora M Lad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Heather Whitson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Dilraj S Grewal
- iMIND Research Group, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sharon Fekrat
- iMIND Research Group, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
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Hao L, Jia J, Xing Y, Han Y. APOE ε4 Allele Distribution and Association With Scores of Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire 9 in a Large Chinese Memory Clinic Cohort. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:829031. [PMID: 35720695 PMCID: PMC9204235 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.829031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous reports on APOE ε4 allele distribution in different populations have been inconclusive. The Subjective Cognitive Decline-Questionnaire 9 (SCD-Q9) was developed to identify those at risk of objective cognitive impairment [OCI; including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia groups), but its association with APOE ε4 and discriminatory powers for SCDwith subtle cognitive decline (SCDs) and OCI in memory clinics are unclear. Objectives To investigate demographic distribution of APOE ε4, its association with SCD-Q9 scores, and its ability to discriminate SCDs and OCI groups from normal control (NC). Methods A total of 632 participants were recruited (NC = 243, SCDs = 298, OCI = 91). APOE ε4 allele distribution and association with SCD-Q9 scores were calculated and the effects on cognitive impairment were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied to identify discriminatory powers for NC, SCDs, and OCI. Results Total APOE ε4 frequency was 13.1%. This did not vary by demography but was higher in patients with OCI. The SCD-Q9 scores were higher in APOE ε4 carriers than non-carriers in the OCI group. The area under the curve (AUC) for discriminating from OCI using APOE ε4 were 0.587 and 0.575, using SCD-Q9 scores were 0.738 and 0.571 for NC and SCDs groups, respectively. When we combined APOE ε4 and SCD-Q9 scores into the model, the AUC increased to 0.747 for discriminating OCI from NC. However, when OCI group was split into MCI and dementia groups, only total SCD-Q9 score was the independent affecting factor of MCI. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the distribution of APOE ε4 alleles did not vary with different demographic characteristics in a large-scale cohort from a memory clinic. APOE ε4 alleles may be associated with scores of SCD-Q9 reflecting the degree of cognitive complaints but their additional contribution to SCD-Q9 scores is marginal in discriminating between NC, SCDs, and OCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiao Hao
- Department of General Practice, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Jia
- Department of General Practice, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Xing
- Radiological Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Yue Xing,
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
- Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Ying Han,
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Duara R, Barker W. Heterogeneity in Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis and Progression Rates: Implications for Therapeutic Trials. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:8-25. [PMID: 35084721 PMCID: PMC9130395 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical presentation and the pathological processes underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be very heterogeneous in severity, location, and composition including the amount and distribution of AB deposition and spread of neurofibrillary tangles in different brain regions resulting in atypical clinical patterns and the existence of distinct AD variants. Heterogeneity in AD may be related to demographic factors (such as age, sex, educational and socioeconomic level) and genetic factors, which influence underlying pathology, the cognitive and behavioral phenotype, rate of progression, the occurrence of neuropsychiatric features, and the presence of comorbidities (e.g., vascular disease, neuroinflammation). Heterogeneity is also manifest in the individual resilience to the development of neuropathology (brain reserve) and the ability to compensate for its cognitive and functional impact (cognitive and functional reserve). The variability in specific cognitive profiles and types of functional impairment may be associated with different progression rates, and standard measures assessing progression may not be equivalent for individual cognitive and functional profiles. Other factors, which may govern the presence, rate, and type of progression of AD, include the individuals' general medical health, the presence of specific systemic conditions, and lifestyle factors, including physical exercise, cognitive and social stimulation, amount of leisure activities, environmental stressors, such as toxins and pollution, and the effects of medications used to treat medical and behavioral conditions. These factors that affect progression are important to consider while designing a clinical trial to ensure, as far as possible, well-balanced treatment and control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Duara
- Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
- Departments of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Warren Barker
- Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA.
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Ricci M, Cimini A, Camedda R, Chiaravalloti A, Schillaci O. Tau Biomarkers in Dementia: Positron Emission Tomography Radiopharmaceuticals in Tauopathy Assessment and Future Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313002. [PMID: 34884804 PMCID: PMC8657996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of Tau protein is closely associated with neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment and it is a biomarker of neurodegeneration in the dementia field, especially in Alzheimer’s disease (AD); therefore, it is crucial to be able to assess the Tau deposits in vivo. Beyond the fluid biomarkers of tauopathy described in this review in relationship with the brain glucose metabolic patterns, this review aims to focus on tauopathy assessment by using Tau PET imaging. In recent years, several first-generation Tau PET tracers have been developed and applied in the dementia field. Common limitations of first-generation tracers include off-target binding and subcortical white-matter uptake; therefore, several institutions are working on developing second-generation Tau tracers. The increasing knowledge about the distribution of first- and second-generation Tau PET tracers in the brain may support physicians with Tau PET data interpretation, both in the research and in the clinical field, but an updated description of differences in distribution patterns among different Tau tracers, and in different clinical conditions, has not been reported yet. We provide an overview of first- and second-generation tracers used in ongoing clinical trials, also describing the differences and the properties of novel tracers, with a special focus on the distribution patterns of different Tau tracers. We also describe the distribution patterns of Tau tracers in AD, in atypical AD, and further neurodegenerative diseases in the dementia field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ricci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (O.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Cimini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (O.S.)
| | - Riccardo Camedda
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (O.S.)
| | - Agostino Chiaravalloti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (O.S.)
- Nuclear Medicine Section, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Orazio Schillaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (O.S.)
- Nuclear Medicine Section, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
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10
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Lai YLL, Chen K, Lee TW, Tso CW, Lin HH, Kuo LW, Chen CY, Liu HS. The Effect of the APOE-ε4 Allele on the Cholinergic Circuitry for Subjects With Different Levels of Cognitive Impairment. Front Neurol 2021; 12:651388. [PMID: 34721251 PMCID: PMC8548434 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.651388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cholinergic deficiency has been suggested to associate with the abnormal accumulation of Aβ and tau for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, no studies have investigated the effect of APOE-ε4 and group differences in modulating the cholinergic basal forebrain-amygdala network for subjects with different levels of cognitive impairment. We evaluated the effect of APOE-ε4 on the cholinergic structural association and the neurocognitive performance for subjects with different levels of cognitive impairment. Methods: We used the structural brain magnetic resonance imaging scans from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset. The study included cognitively normal (CN, n = 167) subjects and subjects with significant memory concern (SMC, n = 96), early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI, n = 146), late cognitive impairment (LMCI, n = 138), and AD (n = 121). Subjects were further categorized according to the APOE-ε4 allele carrier status. The main effects of APOE-ε4 and group difference on the brain volumetric measurements were assessed. Regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the associations among cholinergic structural changes, APOE-ε4 status, and cognitive performance. Results: We found that APOE-ε4 carriers in the disease group showed higher brain atrophy than non-carriers in the cholinergic pathway, while there is no difference between carriers and non-carriers in the CN group. APOE-ε4 allele carriers in the disease groups also exhibited a stronger cholinergic structural correlation than non-carriers did, while there is no difference between the carriers and non-carriers in the CN subjects. Disease subjects exhibited a stronger structural correlation in the cholinergic pathway than CN subjects did. Moreover, APOE-ε4 allele carriers in the disease group exhibited a stronger correlation between the volumetric changes and cognitive performance than non-carriers did, while there is no difference between carriers and non-carriers in CN subjects. Disease subjects exhibited a stronger correlation between the volumetric changes and cognitive performance than CN subjects did. Conclusion: Our results confirmed the effect of APOE-ε4 on and group differences in the associations with the cholinergic structural changes that may reflect impaired brain function underlying neurocognitive degeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Liang Larry Lai
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Wei Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wei Tso
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsien Lin
- Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance (MR) Division, Rotary Trading Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Shan Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Apolipoprotein E ɛ4-related effects on cognition are limited to the Alzheimer's disease spectrum. GeroScience 2021; 44:195-209. [PMID: 34591236 PMCID: PMC8811053 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether the deleterious effects of APOE4 are restricted to the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) spectrum or cause cognitive impairment irrespectively of the development of AD is still a matter of debate, and the focus of this study. Our analyses included APOE4 genotype, neuropsychological variables, amyloid-βeta (Aβ) and Tau markers, FDG-PET values, and hippocampal volumetry data derived from the healthy controls sample of the ADNI database. We formed 4 groups of equal size (n = 30) based on APOE4 carriage and amyloid-PET status. Baseline and follow-up (i.e., 48 months post-baseline) results indicated that Aβ-positivity was the most important factor to explain poorer cognitive performance, while APOE4 only exerted a significant effect in Aβ-positive subjects. Additionally, multiple regression analyses evidenced that, within the Aβ-positive sample, hippocampal volumetry explained most of the variability in cognitive performance for APOE4 carriers. These findings represent a strong support for the so-called preclinical/prodromal hypothesis, which states that the reported differences in cognitive performance between healthy carriers and non-carriers are mainly due to the APOE4’s capability to increase the risk of AD. Moreover, our results reinforce the notion that a synergistic interaction of Aβ and APOE4 elicits a neurodegenerative process in the hippocampus that might be the main cause of impaired cognitive performance.
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12
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Lombardi G, Pupi A, Bessi V, Polito C, Padiglioni S, Ferrari C, Lucidi G, Berti V, De Cristofaro MT, Piaceri I, Bagnoli S, Nacmias B, Sorbi S. Challenges in Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic Work-Up: Amyloid Biomarker Incongruences. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 77:203-217. [PMID: 32716357 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discordance among amyloid biomarkers is a challenge to overcome in order to increase diagnostic accuracy in dementia. OBJECTIVES 1) To verify that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio (AβR) better agrees with Amyloid PET (Amy-PET) results compared to CSF Aβ42; 2) to detect differences among concordant positive, concordant negative, and discordant cases, basing the concordance definition on the agreement between CSF AβR and Amy-PET results; 3) to define the suspected underlying pathology of discordant cases using in vivo biomarkers. METHOD We retrospectively enrolled 39 cognitively impaired participants in which neuropsychological tests, apolipoprotein E genotype determination, TC/MRI, FDG-PET, Amy-PET, and CSF analysis had been performed. In all cases, CSF analysis was repeated using the automated Lumipulse method. In discordant cases, FDG-PET scans were evaluated visually and using automated classifiers. RESULTS CSF AβR better agreed with Amy-PET compared to CSF Aβ42 (Cohen's K 0.431 versus 0.05). Comparisons among groups did not show any difference in clinical characteristics except for age at symptoms onset that was higher in the 6 discordant cases with abnormal CSF AβR values and negative Amy-PET (CSF AβR+/AmyPET-). FDG-PET and all CSF markers (Aβ42, AβR, p-Tau, t-Tau) were suggestive of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in 5 of these 6 cases. CONCLUSION 1) CSF AβR is the CSF amyloid marker that shows the better level of agreement with Amy-PET results; 2) The use of FDG-PET and CSF-Tau markers in CSFAβR+/Amy-PET-discordant cases can support AD diagnosis; 3) Disagreement between positive CSF AβR and negative Amy-PET in symptomatic aged AD patients could be due to the variability in plaques conformation and a negative Amy-PET scan cannot be always sufficient to rule out AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Lombardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Fondazione Filippo Turati, Pistoia, Italy
| | | | | | - Cristina Polito
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sonia Padiglioni
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Camilla Ferrari
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Berti
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Irene Piaceri
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bagnoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
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13
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Jung NY, Kim ES, Kim HS, Jeon S, Lee MJ, Pak K, Lee JH, Lee YM, Lee K, Shin JH, Ko JK, Lee JM, Yoon JA, Hwang C, Choi KU, Lee EC, Seong JK, Huh GY, Kim DS, Kim EJ. Comparison of Diagnostic Performances Between Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers and Amyloid PET in a Clinical Setting. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:473-490. [PMID: 32039853 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The diagnostic performances of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) were compared by examining the association and concordance or discordance between CSF Aβ1-42 and amyloid PET, after determining our own cut-off values for CSF Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. Furthermore, we evaluated the ability of CSF biomarkers and amyloid PET to predict clinical progression. CSF Aβ1-42, t-tau, and p-tau levels were analyzed in 203 individuals [27 normal controls, 38 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 62 AD dementia, and 76 patients with other neurodegenerative diseases] consecutively recruited from two dementia clinics. We used both visual and standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR)-based amyloid PET assessments for analyses. The association of CSF biomarkers with amyloid PET SUVR, hippocampal atrophy, and cognitive function were investigated by linear regression analysis, and the risk of conversion from MCI to AD dementia was assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model. CSF p-tau/Aβ1-42 and t-tau/Aβ1-42 exhibited the best diagnostic accuracies among the CSF AD biomarkers examined. Correlations were observed between CSF biomarkers and global SUVR, hippocampal volume, and cognitive function. Overall concordance and discordance between CSF Aβ1-42 and amyloid PET was 77% and 23%, respectively. Baseline positive CSF Aβ1-42 for MCI demonstrated a 5.6-fold greater conversion risk than negative CSF Aβ1-42 . However, amyloid PET findings failed to exhibit significant prognostic value. Therefore, despite presence of a significant correlation between the CSF Aβ1-42 level and SUVR of amyloid PET, and a relevant concordance between CSF Aβ1-42 and amyloid PET, baseline CSF Aβ1-42 better predicted AD conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Yeon Jung
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Soo Kim
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungjune Pak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangyoon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Shin
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kyeung Ko
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Meen Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin A Yoon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungsu Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Un Choi
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Chong Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Kyung Seong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Yeong Huh
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
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14
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Wang L, Kong W, Wang S. Detecting genetic associations with brain imaging phenotypes in Alzheimer's disease via a novel structured KCCA approach. J Bioinform Comput Biol 2021; 19:2150012. [PMID: 33950804 DOI: 10.1142/s0219720021500128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging genetics has become an important research topic since it can reveal complex associations between genetic variants (i.e. single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the structures or functions of the human brain. However, existing kernel mapping is difficult to directly use the sparse representation method in the kernel feature space, which makes it difficult for most existing sparse canonical correlation analysis (SCCA) methods to be directly promoted in the kernel feature space. To bridge this gap, we adopt a novel alternating projected gradient approach, gradient KCCA (gradKCCA) model to develop a powerful model for exploring the intrinsic associations among genetic markers, imaging quantitative traits (QTs) of interest. Specifically, this model solves kernel canonical correlation (KCCA) with an additional constraint that projection directions have pre-images in the original data space, a sparsity-inducing variant of the model is achieved through controlling the [Formula: see text]-norm of the preimages of the projection directions. We evaluate this model using Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort to discover the relationships among SNPs from Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk gene APOE, imaging QTs extracted from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Our results show that the algorithm not only outperforms the traditional KCCA method in terms of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Correlation Coefficient (CC) but also identify the meaningful and relevant biomarkers of SNPs (e.g. rs157594 and rs405697), which are positively related to right Postcentral and right SupraMarginal brain regions in this study. Empirical results indicate its promising capability in revealing biologically meaningful neuroimaging genetics associations and improving the disease-related mechanistic understanding of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, 1550 Haigang Ave, Shanghai 201306, P. R. China
| | - Wei Kong
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, 1550 Haigang Ave, Shanghai 201306, P. R. China
| | - Shuaiqun Wang
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, 1550 Haigang Ave, Shanghai 201306, P. R. China
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15
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Yan S, Zheng C, Paranjpe MD, Li Y, Li W, Wang X, Benzinger TLS, Lu J, Zhou Y. Sex modifies APOE ε4 dose effect on brain tau deposition in cognitively impaired individuals. Brain 2021; 144:3201-3211. [PMID: 33876815 PMCID: PMC8634082 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in cognitively unimpaired elderly individuals suggest that the APOE ε4 allele exerts a dosage-dependent effect on brain tau deposition. The aim of this study was to investigate sex differences in APOE ε4 gene dosage effects on brain tau deposition in cognitively impaired individuals using quantitative 18F-flortaucipir PET. Preprocessed 18F-flortaucipir tau PET images, T1-weighted structural MRI, demographic information, global cortical amyloid-β burden measured by 18F-florbetapir PET, CSF total tau and phosphorylated tau measurements were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. Two hundred and sixty-eight cognitively impaired individuals with 146 APOE ε4 non-carriers and 122 carriers (85 heterozygotes and 37 homozygotes) were included in the study. An iterative reblurred Van Cittert iteration partial volume correction method was applied to all downloaded PET images. Magnetic resonance images were used for PET spatial normalization. Twelve regional standardized uptake value ratios relative to the cerebellum were computed in standard space. APOE ε4 dosage × sex interaction effect on 18F-flortaucipir standardized uptake value ratios was assessed using generalized linear models and sex-stratified analysis. We observed a significant APOE ε4 dosage × sex interaction effect on tau deposition in the lateral temporal, posterior cingulate, medial temporal, inferior temporal, entorhinal cortex, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus regions after adjusting for age and education level (P < 0.05). The medial temporal, entorhinal cortex, amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus regions retained a significant APOE ε4 dosage × sex interaction effect on tau deposition after adjusting for global cortical amyloid-β (P < 0.05). In sex-stratified analysis, there was no significant difference in tau deposition between female homozygotes and heterozygotes (P > 0.05). In contrast, male homozygotes standardized uptake value ratios were significantly greater than heterozygotes or non-carriers throughout all 12 regions of interest (P < 0.05). Female heterozygotes exhibited significantly increased tau deposition compared to male heterozygotes in the orbitofrontal, posterior cingulate, lateral temporal, inferior temporal, entorhinal cortex, amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus (P < 0.05). Results from voxel-wise analysis were similar to the ones obtained from regions of interest analysis. Our findings indicate that an APOE ε4 dosage effect on brain region-specific tau deposition exists in males, but not females. These results have important clinical implications towards developing sex and genotype-guided therapeutics in Alzheimer’s disease and uncovers a potential explanation underlying differential APOE ε4-associated Alzheimer’s risk in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhen Yan
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chaojie Zheng
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Manish D Paranjpe
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanxiao Li
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China.,School of Computer Science, the University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuying Wang
- School of Computer Science, the University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
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16
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Seo J, Byun MS, Yi D, Lee JH, Jeon SY, Shin SA, Kim YK, Kang KM, Sohn CH, Jung G, Park JC, Han SH, Byun J, Mook-Jung I, Lee DY, Choi M. Genetic associations of in vivo pathology influence Alzheimer's disease susceptibility. Alzheimers Res Ther 2020; 12:156. [PMID: 33213512 PMCID: PMC7678113 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the heritability of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is estimated to be 60-80%, addressing the genetic contribution to AD risk still remains elusive. More specifically, it remains unclear whether genetic variants are able to affect neurodegenerative brain features that can be addressed by in vivo imaging techniques. METHODS Targeted sequencing analysis of the coding and UTR regions of 132 AD susceptibility genes was performed. Neuroimaging data using 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B positron emission tomography (PET), 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET, and MRI that are available from the KBASE (Korean Brain Aging Study for Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer's disease) cohort were acquired. A total of 557 participants consisted of 336 cognitively normal (CN) adults, 137 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 84 AD dementia (ADD) groups. RESULTS We called 5391 high-quality single nucleotide variants (SNVs) on AD susceptibility genes and selected significant associations between variants and five in vivo AD pathologies: (1) amyloid β (Aβ) deposition, (2) AD-signature region cerebral glucose metabolism (AD-Cm), (3) posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) cerebral glucose metabolism (PCC-Cm), (4) AD-signature region cortical thickness (AD-Ct), and (5) hippocampal volume (Hv). The association analysis for common variants (allele frequency (AF) > 0.05) yielded several novel loci associated with Aβ deposition (PIWIL1-rs10848087), AD-Cm (NME8-rs2722372 and PSEN2-rs75733498), AD-Ct (PSEN1-rs7523) and, Hv (CASS4-rs3746625). Meanwhile, in a gene-based analysis for rare variants (AF < 0.05), cases carrying rare variants in LPL, FERMT2, NFAT5, DSG2, and ITPR1 displayed associations with the neuroimaging features. Exploratory voxel-based brain morphometry between the variant carriers and non-carriers was performed subsequently. Finally, we document a strong association of previously reported APOE variants with the in vivo AD pathologies and demonstrate that the variants exert a causal effect on AD susceptibility via neuroimaging features. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel associations of genetic factors to Aβ accumulation and AD-related neurodegeneration to influence AD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Seo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong A Shin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Koung Mi Kang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Sohn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gijung Jung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoung Byun
- Department of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Pappas C, Klinedinst BS, Le S, Wang Q, Larsen B, McLimans K, Lockhart SN, Allenspach‐Jorn K, Mochel JP, Willette AA. CSF glucose tracks regional tau progression based on Alzheimer's disease risk factors. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2020; 6:e12080. [PMID: 32864418 PMCID: PMC7443745 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucose hypometabolism and tau formation are key features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Less is known about the relationship between fasting glucose and regional tau accumulation. METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose was linearly regressed on regional tau (flortaucipir) among 169 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI3) participants. Flortaucipir uptake was examined by Braak stages and regions of interest (ROIs). Interactions were explored between CSF glucose and AD risk factors including regional amyloid beta (Aβ), sex, Apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOEε4) status, AD parental family history (AD FH), and cognitive impairment (CI). RESULTS Interactions found higher CSF glucose tracked less tau in ROIs or Braak stages I/II (women, APOE ε4+, regional Aβ), III/IV (AD FH+, regional Aβ), and V/VI (AD FH+). CI drove Braak III-VI associations. DISCUSSION Among women and APOE ε4 carriers, higher CSF glucose tracked less early-stage tau. Higher CSF glucose may reflect compensation against tau spreading in CI, Aβ+, or AD FH+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Pappas
- Department of Food Science and Human NutritionIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | | | - Scott Le
- Department of Food Science and Human NutritionIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
- Interdepartmental Graduate ProgramIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human NutritionIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Brittany Larsen
- Department of Food Science and Human NutritionIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Kelsey McLimans
- Department of Nutrition and DieteticsViterbo UniversityLa CrosseWisconsinUSA
| | - Samuel N. Lockhart
- Department of Internal MedicineWake Forest UniversityWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Jonathan P. Mochel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Auriel A. Willette
- Department of Food Science and Human NutritionIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
- Neuroscience Graduate ProgramIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
- Department of Biomedical SciencesIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
- Department of PsychologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
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Li X, Tong Q, Gao J, Liu C, Liu Y. Osteoarthritis Was Associated With a Faster Decline in Hippocampal Volumes in Cognitively Normal Older People. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:190. [PMID: 32922280 PMCID: PMC7456859 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with a change in adjusted hippocampal volumes (HpVR: hippocampal/intracranial volume × 103) over time among cognitively normal older people. METHODS We examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of OA with HpVR among individuals with normal cognition (NC) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study. At baseline, a total of 372 individuals with NC were included. RESULTS In the cross-sectional analyses of baseline data, we did not find a significant relationship between OA and HpVR among individuals with NC. However, in the longitudinal analyses, OA was significantly associated with change in HpVR over time among individuals with NC. Specifically, compared with individuals without OA, those with OA showed a faster decline in HpVR over time when controlling for other potential confounders, including age, educational attainment, gender, and APOE4 genotype. CONCLUSION OA status was significantly associated with a change in HpVR over time among individuals with NC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiaowen Tong
- Department of Neurology, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cailong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Yangbo Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Van Harten AC, Wiste HJ, Weigand SD, Mielke MM, Kremers WK, Eichenlaub U, Batrla-Utermann R, Dyer RB, Algeciras-Schimnich A, Knopman DS, Jack CR, Petersen RC. CSF biomarkers in Olmsted County: Evidence of 2 subclasses and associations with demographics. Neurology 2020; 95:e256-e267. [PMID: 32591471 PMCID: PMC7455353 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied interrelationships between CSF biomarkers and associations with APOE ε4 genotype, demographic variables, vascular variables, and clinical diagnosis in Olmsted County, Minnesota. METHODS We included 774 Mayo Clinic Study of Aging participants (693 cognitively unimpaired [CU]; 71 with mild cognitive impairment [MCI]). CSF β-amyloid 42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau), and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) were analyzed using Aβ42 CSF, t-tau CSF, and p-tau (181P) CSF electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. Bivariate mixture models were used to evaluate latent classes. We used linear regression models to evaluate independent associations of APOE ε4, demographic factors, cardiovascular risk, and diagnosis with CSF biomarker levels. Results were weighted back to the Olmsted County population. RESULTS Interrelationships between CSF Aβ42 and p-tau/t-tau were consistent with 2 latent classes in the general population. In subgroup 1 (n = 547 [71%]), we found a strong positive correlation between Aβ42 and p-tau (ρ = 0.81), while the correlation was much smaller in group 2 (ρ = 0.26, n = 227 [29%]). Group 2 was associated with older age, APOE ε4 genotype, a diagnosis of MCI, and elevated amyloid PET. Overall, APOE ε4 genotype and MCI were associated with Aβ42, while age was associated with p-tau/t-tau. There were no associations with sex, education, or vascular risk. CONCLUSION We hypothesize the population without dementia can be subdivided into participants with and without biological Alzheimer disease (AD) based on the combination of CSF Aβ42 and p-tau/t-tau (represented also by the p-tau/t-tau/Aβ42 ratio). In those without biological AD, common factors such as CSF dynamics may cause a positive correlation between CSF Aβ42 and p-tau/t-tau, while AD leads to dissociation of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argonde C Van Harten
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.C.V.H., M.M.M., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W., M.M.M., W.K.K., R.C.P.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.B.D.), and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Amsterdam UMC (A.C.V.H.), the Netherlands; and Roche Diagnostics (U.E., R.B.-U., A.A.-S.), Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Heather J Wiste
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.C.V.H., M.M.M., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W., M.M.M., W.K.K., R.C.P.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.B.D.), and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Amsterdam UMC (A.C.V.H.), the Netherlands; and Roche Diagnostics (U.E., R.B.-U., A.A.-S.), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephen D Weigand
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.C.V.H., M.M.M., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W., M.M.M., W.K.K., R.C.P.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.B.D.), and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Amsterdam UMC (A.C.V.H.), the Netherlands; and Roche Diagnostics (U.E., R.B.-U., A.A.-S.), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.C.V.H., M.M.M., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W., M.M.M., W.K.K., R.C.P.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.B.D.), and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Amsterdam UMC (A.C.V.H.), the Netherlands; and Roche Diagnostics (U.E., R.B.-U., A.A.-S.), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Walter K Kremers
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.C.V.H., M.M.M., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W., M.M.M., W.K.K., R.C.P.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.B.D.), and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Amsterdam UMC (A.C.V.H.), the Netherlands; and Roche Diagnostics (U.E., R.B.-U., A.A.-S.), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Udo Eichenlaub
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.C.V.H., M.M.M., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W., M.M.M., W.K.K., R.C.P.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.B.D.), and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Amsterdam UMC (A.C.V.H.), the Netherlands; and Roche Diagnostics (U.E., R.B.-U., A.A.-S.), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard Batrla-Utermann
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.C.V.H., M.M.M., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W., M.M.M., W.K.K., R.C.P.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.B.D.), and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Amsterdam UMC (A.C.V.H.), the Netherlands; and Roche Diagnostics (U.E., R.B.-U., A.A.-S.), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roy B Dyer
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.C.V.H., M.M.M., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W., M.M.M., W.K.K., R.C.P.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.B.D.), and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Amsterdam UMC (A.C.V.H.), the Netherlands; and Roche Diagnostics (U.E., R.B.-U., A.A.-S.), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.C.V.H., M.M.M., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W., M.M.M., W.K.K., R.C.P.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.B.D.), and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Amsterdam UMC (A.C.V.H.), the Netherlands; and Roche Diagnostics (U.E., R.B.-U., A.A.-S.), Basel, Switzerland
| | - David S Knopman
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.C.V.H., M.M.M., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W., M.M.M., W.K.K., R.C.P.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.B.D.), and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Amsterdam UMC (A.C.V.H.), the Netherlands; and Roche Diagnostics (U.E., R.B.-U., A.A.-S.), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Clifford R Jack
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.C.V.H., M.M.M., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W., M.M.M., W.K.K., R.C.P.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.B.D.), and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Amsterdam UMC (A.C.V.H.), the Netherlands; and Roche Diagnostics (U.E., R.B.-U., A.A.-S.), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.C.V.H., M.M.M., D.S.K., R.C.P.), Health Sciences Research (H.J.W., S.D.W., M.M.M., W.K.K., R.C.P.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (R.B.D.), and Radiology (C.R.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Amsterdam UMC (A.C.V.H.), the Netherlands; and Roche Diagnostics (U.E., R.B.-U., A.A.-S.), Basel, Switzerland
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20
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Dauphinot V, Bouteloup V, Mangin J, Vellas B, Pasquier F, Blanc F, Hanon O, Gabelle A, Annweiler C, David R, Planche V, Godefroy O, Rivasseau‐Jonveaux T, Chupin M, Fischer C, Chêne G, Dufouil C, Krolak‐Salmon P. Subjective cognitive and non-cognitive complaints and brain MRI biomarkers in the MEMENTO cohort. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 12:e12051. [PMID: 32647745 PMCID: PMC7335902 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Subjective cognitive complaints may be a signature of preclinical stage Alzheimer's disease. However, the link between subjective cognitive and non-cognitive complaints and brain alterations remains unclear. METHODS The relationship between cognitive and non-cognitive complaints and brain biomarkers, measured by structural magnetic resonance imaging, was investigated in 2056 participants of the MEMENTO cohort of outpatients, who were dementia-free at baseline. We assessed whether the cognitive status at inclusion or the presence of the apolipoprotein E gene variant (APOE) ε4 could modulate the association between the intensity of complaints and brain lesions. RESULTS Smaller hippocampal volume was associated with higher memory complaints and discomfort in daily life. In APOE ε4 carriers, smaller whole-brain white matter and gray matter volumes and gyrification indices in several regions of interest of the parietal and temporal lobes, in the entorhinal and the para-hippocampal gyrus, were associated with higher memory complaint score. CONCLUSIONS The intensity of subjective complaints in not only memory but discomfort in daily life was associated with brain degeneration markers. The presence of APOE ε4 modulated the relationships between subjective memory complaints and brain alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Dauphinot
- Clinical and Research Memory Centre of LyonLyon Institute for ElderlyCharpennes HospitalUniversity Hospital of LyonLyonFrance
| | - Vincent Bouteloup
- InsermBordeaux Population Health Research CenterUMR 1219Bordeaux UniversityISPEDBordeaux UniversityBordeauxFrance
- University hospital of BordeauxPublic Health CenterBordeauxFrance
| | - Jean‐François Mangin
- CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (http://cati‐neuroimaging.com)Gif‐sur‐YvetteParisFrance
- NeurospinCEAParis‐Saclay UniversityGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Bruno Vellas
- GérontopôleUniversity hospital of Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)ToulouseFrance
- Inserm UMR1027University of Toulouse III Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Florence Pasquier
- Univ LilleInserm 1171, CHUClinical and Research Memory Research Centre (CMRR) of DistalzLilleFrance
| | - Frédéric Blanc
- Clinical and Memory Research Centre of Strasbourg (CMRR)University hostpital of StrasbourgGeriatrics unitGeriatric Day HospitalStrasbourgFrance
| | - Olivier Hanon
- Geriatry unitParis Descartes UniversityBroca hospitalParisFrance
| | - Audrey Gabelle
- Clinical and Research Memory center of MontpellierDepartment of NeurologyGui de Chauliac HospitalUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Cédric Annweiler
- Department of Geriatric MedicineAngers University HospitalAngers University Memory Clinic; Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity; UPRES EA 4638University of AngersAngersFrance
- Robarts Research InstituteDepartment of Medical BiophysicsSchulich School of Medicine and Dentistrythe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Renaud David
- Clinical and Research Memory Centre of Nice University hospital of NiceEA COBTeKCôte d'Azur UniversityNiceFrance
| | - Vincent Planche
- Clinical and Research Memory Centre of BordeauxClinical neurosciences centreUniversity hospital of BordeauxF‐33000 BordeauxFrance et 2. Univ. BordeauxCNRSgérontopole Institute of Neurodegenerative DiseasesBordeauxFrance
| | - Olivier Godefroy
- Departments of NeurologyAmiens University Hospital (CHU Amiens)and Laboratory of Functional Neurosciences (EA 4559)Jules Verne University of PicardieAmiensFrance
- Institute of the Brain and Spinal CordInsermU1127,3 CNRS, UMR 7225Sorbonne UniversityParisFrance
| | - Thérèse Rivasseau‐Jonveaux
- Clinical and Research Memory Centre of LorraineHospital of BraboisCognitive‐behavioral unitPaul Spillmann CentreCHRU de NancyFrance
- Communications Research GroupInterpsy EA4432 PsychologyUniversity of LorraineNancyFrance
| | - Marie Chupin
- CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (http://cati‐neuroimaging.com)Gif‐sur‐YvetteParisFrance
- NeurospinCEAParis‐Saclay UniversityGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Clara Fischer
- CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform (http://cati‐neuroimaging.com)Gif‐sur‐YvetteParisFrance
- NeurospinCEAParis‐Saclay UniversityGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Geneviève Chêne
- InsermBordeaux Population Health Research CenterUMR 1219Bordeaux UniversityISPEDBordeaux UniversityBordeauxFrance
- University hospital of BordeauxPublic Health CenterBordeauxFrance
| | - Carole Dufouil
- InsermBordeaux Population Health Research CenterUMR 1219Bordeaux UniversityISPEDBordeaux UniversityBordeauxFrance
- University hospital of BordeauxPublic Health CenterBordeauxFrance
| | - Pierre Krolak‐Salmon
- Clinical and Research Memory Centre of LyonLyon Institute for ElderlyCharpennes HospitalUniversity Hospital of LyonLyonFrance
- Clinical and Research Memory Centre of LorraineHospital of BraboisCognitive‐behavioral unitPaul Spillmann CentreCHRU de NancyFrance
- Communications Research GroupInterpsy EA4432 PsychologyUniversity of LorraineNancyFrance
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Sundermann EE, Panizzon MS, Chen X, Andrews M, Galasko D, Banks SJ. Sex differences in Alzheimer's-related Tau biomarkers and a mediating effect of testosterone. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:33. [PMID: 32560743 PMCID: PMC7304096 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Women show greater pathological Tau biomarkers than men along the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum, particularly among apolipoprotein ε-E4 (APOE4) carriers; however, the reason for this sex difference in unknown. Sex differences often indicate an underlying role of sex hormones. We examined whether testosterone levels might influence this sex difference and the modifying role of APOE4 status. Analyses included 172 participants (25 cognitively normal, 97 mild cognitive impairment, 50 AD participants) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (34% female, 54% APOE4 carriers, aged 55-90). We examined the separate and interactive effects of plasma testosterone levels and APOE4 on cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated-tau181 (p-Tau) levels in the overall sample and the sex difference in p-Tau levels before and after adjusting for testosterone. A significant APOE4-by-testosterone interaction revealed that lower testosterone levels related to higher p-Tau levels among APOE4 carriers regardless of sex. As expected, women had higher p-Tau levels than men among APOE4 carriers only, yet this difference was eliminated upon adjustment for testosterone. Results suggest that testosterone is protective against p-Tau particularly among APOE4 carriers. The lower testosterone levels that typically characterize women may predispose them to pathological Tau, particularly among female APOE4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Sundermann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Matthew S. Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Murray Andrews
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Sarah J. Banks
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
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Ricci M, Chiaravalloti A, Martorana A, Koch G, De Lucia V, Barbagallo G, Schillaci O. The role of epsilon phenotype in brain glucose consumption in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Nucl Med 2020; 34:254-262. [PMID: 32016694 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-020-01441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of the epsilon phenotype in brain glucose consumption in a population with Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM8) was used to investigate differences in brain glucose consumption (as detectable by means of 18F FDG-PET/CT) in the population examined. A total of 129 patients (72 females and 57 males) with a diagnosis of probable AD according to the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria underwent the PET/CT examination. The mean (SD) age of the patients was 70 (± 7) years; the mean Mini-Mental State Examination was 19(± 5.6). 59 expressed epsilon 4 phenotype (E4) and 70 expressed the epsilon 3 phenotype (E3). Cerebral spinal fluid amyloid, tau, and t-tau have been measured resulting equal to 367.4 (± 149.1), 584.7 (± 312.1), and 79.2(± 45.9) pg/ml, respectively. Patients with confirmed amyloid and Tau changes were classified as AD. Patients with amyloid changes but negative Tau, considered as high risk of AD, were classified as IAD. Age, sex, MMSE, scholarship, and CSF parameters were used as a covariate in the SPM analyses. RESULTS We did not find significant differences in age, gender, and MMSE and CSF parameters among groups. In the analysis of the AD group as compared to AD-E3, AD-E4 subjects show a significant reduction of brain glucose consumption in inferior frontal gyrus bilaterally (BA 45, BA 47). In the analysis of the IAD group as compared to IAD-E3, IAD-E4 subjects show a significant reduction of brain glucose consumption in right in medial, middle, and superior frontal gyrus (BA10, BA11), and in left medial and middle frontal gyrus (BA10, BA11). The differences between IAD-E3 and AD-E3 and between IAD-E4 and AD-E4 (and vice versa analysis) resulted not significant. CONCLUSIONS APO-e4 is related to a major involvement of the frontal cortex confirming its role of risk factor in AD, while APO-3 seems not related to a specific pattern, supporting the hypothesis of neutral/protective role in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ricci
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Agostino Chiaravalloti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, UOC Medicina Nucleare, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Alessandro Martorana
- UOSD Centro Demenze PTV, System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- UOSD Centro Demenze PTV, System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit/Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Lucia
- UOSD Centro Demenze PTV, System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Barbagallo
- Institute of Neurology, Magna Græcia University, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Orazio Schillaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, UOC Medicina Nucleare, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
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Haller S, Montandon ML, Rodriguez C, Garibotto V, Herrmann FR, Giannakopoulos P. Hippocampal Volume Loss, Brain Amyloid Accumulation, and APOE Status in Cognitively Intact Elderly Subjects. NEURODEGENER DIS 2019; 19:139-147. [PMID: 31846965 DOI: 10.1159/000504302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hippocampal volume loss (HVL), PET-documented brain amyloid accumulation, and APOE-ε4 status are predictive biomarkers of the transition from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease (AD). In asymptomatic cases, the role of these biomarkers remains ambiguous. In contrast to the idea that HVL occurs in late phases of neurodegeneration, recent contributions indicate that it might occur before abnormal amyloid PET occurrence in elderly subjects and that its severity could be only marginally related to APOE variants. Using a longitudinal design, we examined the determinants of HVL in our sample, i.e., brain amyloid burden and the presence of APOE-ε4, and made a longitudinal assessment of cognitive functions. METHODS We performed a 4.5-year longitudinal study on 81 elderly community dwellers (all right-handed;, 48 (59.3%) women; mean age 73.7 ± 3.7 years) including MRI at baseline and follow-up, PET amyloid during follow-up, neuropsychological assessment at 18 and 54 months, and APOE genotyping. All cases were assessed using a continuous cognitive score (CCS) that took into account the global evolution of neuropsychological performance. Linear regression models were used to identify predictors of HVL. RESULTS There was a negative association between the CCS and HVL bilaterally. In multivariate models adjusting for demographic variables, the presence of APOE-ε4 was related to increased HVL bilaterally. A trend of significance was observed with respect to the impact of amyloid positivity on HVL in the left hemisphere. No significant interaction was found between amyloid positivity and the APOE-ε4 allele. CONCLUSION The progressive decrement of neuropsychological performance is associated with HVL long before the emergence of clinically overt symptoms. In this cohort of healthy individuals, the presence of the APOE-ε4 allele was shown to be an independent predictor of worst hippocampal integrity in asymptomatic cases independently of amyloid positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Haller
- CIRD Centre d'Imagerie Rive Droite, Geneva, Switzerland, .,Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,
| | - Marie-Louise Montandon
- Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristelle Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Institutional Measures, Medical Direction, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R Herrmann
- Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Panteleimon Giannakopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Institutional Measures, Medical Direction, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Gupta Y, Lama RK, Kwon GR. Prediction and Classification of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Combined Features From Apolipoprotein-E Genotype, Cerebrospinal Fluid, MR, and FDG-PET Imaging Biomarkers. Front Comput Neurosci 2019; 13:72. [PMID: 31680923 PMCID: PMC6805777 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2019.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), including its mild cognitive impairment (MCI) phase that may or may not progress into the AD, is the most ordinary form of dementia. It is extremely important to correctly identify patients during the MCI stage because this is the phase where AD may or may not develop. Thus, it is crucial to predict outcomes during this phase. Thus far, many researchers have worked on only using a single modality of a biomarker for the diagnosis of AD or MCI. Although recent studies show that a combination of one or more different biomarkers may provide complementary information for the diagnosis, it also increases the classification accuracy distinguishing between different groups. In this paper, we propose a novel machine learning-based framework to discriminate subjects with AD or MCI utilizing a combination of four different biomarkers: fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein levels, and Apolipoprotein-E (APOE) genotype. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) baseline dataset was used in this study. In total, there were 158 subjects for whom all four modalities of biomarker were available. Of the 158 subjects, 38 subjects were in the AD group, 82 subjects were in MCI groups (including 46 in MCIc [MCI converted; conversion to AD within 24 months of time period], and 36 in MCIs [MCI stable; no conversion to AD within 24 months of time period]), and the remaining 38 subjects were in the healthy control (HC) group. For each image, we extracted 246 regions of interest (as features) using the Brainnetome template image and NiftyReg toolbox, and later we combined these features with three CSF and two APOE genotype features obtained from the ADNI website for each subject using early fusion technique. Here, a different kernel-based multiclass support vector machine (SVM) classifier with a grid-search method was applied. Before passing the obtained features to the classifier, we have used truncated singular value decomposition (Truncated SVD) dimensionality reduction technique to reduce high dimensional features into a lower-dimensional feature. As a result, our combined method achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AU-ROC) curve of 98.33, 93.59, 96.83, 94.64, 96.43, and 95.24% for AD vs. HC, MCIs vs. MCIc, AD vs. MCIs, AD vs. MCIc, HC vs. MCIc, and HC vs. MCIs subjects which are high relative to single modality results and other state-of-the-art approaches. Moreover, combined multimodal methods have improved the classification performance over the unimodal classification.
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Ali JI, Smart CM, Gawryluk JR. Subjective Cognitive Decline and APOE ɛ4: A Systematic Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 65:303-320. [PMID: 30040718 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) report self-perceived declines in cognitive function but perform within normal limits on standardized tests. However, for some, these self-perceived changes may herald eventual decline to Alzheimer's disease (AD). In light of this, the relationship between SCD and APOE ɛ4, a known genetic risk factor for AD, has garnered interest; however, no systematic review of this literature exists. The current review (n = 36 articles) examined the prevalence of APOE ɛ4 in SCD samples relative to healthy and objectively impaired samples, and summarized APOE ɛ4-related risk of conversion from SCD to AD. Univariate ANOVA indicated that APOE ɛ4 frequency was comparable between healthy control and SCD samples, yet significantly higher in objectively impaired samples (i.e., MCI, AD) relative to either of these groups. Narrative review provided mixed evidence linking coincident APOE ɛ4-positive genotype and SCD to structural neuropathology. Though there was little evidence to suggest that APOE ɛ4 predisposes individuals to developing SCD, both APOE ɛ4 and SCD were found to confer individual and multiplicative risk of conversion to objective cognitive impairment. Combined, it is likely that a relationship between APOE ɛ4, SCD, and AD exists, though its exact nature remains undetermined. A clearer understanding of these relationships is hindered by a lack of standardization in SCD classification and a dearth of longitudinal outcome research. Wide-scale adoption of genetic screening for dementia risk in persons with SCD is considered premature at this time. Ethical considerations and clinical implications of genetic testing for dementia risk are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan I Ali
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Institute on Aging & Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Colette M Smart
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Institute on Aging & Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jodie R Gawryluk
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Institute on Aging & Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Li Z, Yang N, Lei X, Lin C, Li N, Jiang X, Wei X, Xu B. The association between the ApoE polymorphisms and the MRI-defined intracranial lesions in a cohort of southern China population. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22950. [PMID: 31199015 PMCID: PMC6757122 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is considered as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the association of APOE allele with MRI evidence of intracranial lesions has not been well understood. Methods Quantitative real‐time PCR was performed to detect the APOE genotype; MRI was examined for intracranial lesions. Their association was evaluated in a cohort of 226 AD patients and 2607 healthy individuals in southern China. Results The frequencies of ε2, ε3, and ε4 alleles were 8.0%, 82.9%, and 9.1% in the whole study population. The frequency of APOE‐ε4 allele was significantly higher in the AD subjects than that in the control group (14.4% vs 8.6%, P < 0.001). We found that brain atrophy occurred at a rate of 12.3% in ε4 allele group vs 8.5% in non‐ε4 genotype group, with a significance of P = 0.008. Severe brain atrophy occurred at a rate of 1.0% in ε4 allele group vs 0.2% in non‐ε4 genotype group (P = 0.011). The individuals carrying APOE ε4/ε4 had an odds ratio (OR) of 7.64 (P < 0.01) for developing AD, while the APOE ε3/ε4 gene carriers had an OR of 1.47 (P = 0.031) and the OR in APOE ε2/ε3 carriers is 0.81 (P = 0.372). Interestingly, we found that the risk of ε4/ε4 allele carrier developing AD was significantly higher in male (P < 0.001) than female (P = 0.478). Conclusion Compared to ε2 and ε3 alleles, the presence of APOE‐ε4 allele might increase the risk for AD in a dose‐dependent manner in southern China. Moreover, the presence of APOE‐ε4 allele results in a higher incidence of brain atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Li
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuxia Lei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuying Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinqing Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Wei
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Banglao Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Cummings J, Ritter A, Zhong K. Clinical Trials for Disease-Modifying Therapies in Alzheimer's Disease: A Primer, Lessons Learned, and a Blueprint for the Future. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:S3-S22. [PMID: 29562511 PMCID: PMC6004914 DOI: 10.3233/jad-179901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has no currently approved disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), and treatments to prevent, delay the onset, or slow the progression are urgently needed. A delay of 5 years if available by 2025 would decrease the total number of patients with AD by 50% in 2050. To meet the definition of DMT, an agent must produce an enduring change in the course of AD; clinical trials of DMTs have the goal of demonstrating this effect. AD drug discovery entails target identification followed by high throughput screening and lead optimization of drug-like compounds. Once an optimized agent is available and has been assessed for efficacy and toxicity in animals, it progresses through Phase I testing with healthy volunteers, Phase II learning trials to establish proof-of-mechanism and dose, and Phase III confirmatory trials to demonstrate efficacy and safety in larger populations. Phase III is followed by Food and Drug Administration review and, if appropriate, market access. Trial populations include cognitively normal at-risk participants in prevention trials, mildly impaired participants with biomarker evidence of AD in prodromal AD trials, and subjects with cognitive and functional impairment in AD dementia trials. Biomarkers are critical in trials of DMTs, assisting in participant characterization and diagnosis, target engagement and proof-of-pharmacology, demonstration of disease-modification, and monitoring side effects. Clinical trial designs include randomized, parallel group; delayed start; staggered withdrawal; and adaptive. Lessons learned from completed trials inform future trials and increase the likelihood of success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Cummings
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Aaron Ritter
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Kate Zhong
- Global Alzheimer Platform, Washington, DC, USA
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Song YN, Li JQ, Tan CC, Wang HF, Tan MS, Cao XP, Yu JT, Tan L. TREML2 Mutation Mediate Alzheimer's Disease Risk by Altering Neuronal Degeneration. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:455. [PMID: 31156362 PMCID: PMC6529571 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A coding missense mutation (rs3747742) in triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-like 2 (TREML2) has been recently proposed as an important protective factor against Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the link between TREML2 and AD pathology remains unclear. Therefore, we explored the association of TREML2 rs3747742 with cognitive function, neuroimaging biomarkers and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers related to AD, including CSF total-tau (T-tau), phosphor-tau (P-tau), and amyloid-β (Aβ1-42). As for cognitive function, related cognitive scores of Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDRSB), Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive section 11 (ADAS-cog 11), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) were extracted. We used a multiple linear regression model to examine the association of TREML2 rs3747742 with the baseline variables. Furthermore, we also calculated the change rate of above variables influenced by TREML2 rs3747742 via applying a mixed-effects model over a 4-year follow-up. In this analysis, a total of 1,306 individuals from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database were included. Finally, we observed that only in AD patients, but not in normal controls or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) individuals, TREML2 rs3747742 exhibited a strong association with CSF total-tau levels at baseline (β = -22.1210, p = 0.0166) and 4-year follow-up (β = -0.3961, p = 0.0115). Furthermore, no associations were found with CSF Aβ1-42 levels, P-tau levels, neuroimaging biomarkers and cognitive function neither for baseline variables nor for longitudinal data. Thus, this study indicated that TREML2 mediated the risk of AD through influencing AD-related neurodegeneration (abnormal T-tau levels) but not P-tau levels and Aβ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Song
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Li
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chen-Chen Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui-Fu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng-Shan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi-Peng Cao
- Clinical Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Clinical Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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The Contribution of Genetic Factors to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Apolipoprotein E Gene, Gene Interactions, and Polygenic Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051177. [PMID: 30866553 PMCID: PMC6429136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Although it has been studied for years, the pathogenesis of AD is still controversial. Genetic factors may play an important role in pathogenesis, with the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene among the greatest risk factors for AD. In this review, we focus on the influence of genetic factors, including the APOE gene, the interaction between APOE and other genes, and the polygenic risk factors for cognitive function and dementia. The presence of the APOE ε4 allele is associated with increased AD risk and reduced age of AD onset. Accelerated cognitive decline and abnormal internal environment, structure, and function of the brain were also found in ε4 carriers. The effect of the APOE promoter on cognition and the brain was confirmed by some studies, but further investigation is still needed. We also describe the effects of the associations between APOE and other genetic risk factors on cognition and the brain that exhibit a complex gene⁻gene interaction, and we consider the importance of using a polygenic risk score to investigate the association between genetic variance and phenotype.
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30
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Wang X, Zhou W, Ye T, Lin X, Zhang J. The Relationship Between Hippocampal Volumes and Delayed Recall Is Modified by APOE ε4 in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:36. [PMID: 30863302 PMCID: PMC6399520 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate whether APOE ε4 affects the association of verbal memory with neurodegeneration presented by the hippocampal volume/intracranial volume ratio (HpVR). Methods: The study sample included 371 individuals with normal cognition (NC), 725 subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and 251 patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) who underwent the rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT). Multiple linear regression models were conducted to assess the effect of the APOE ε4∗HpVR interaction on RAVLT in all subjects and in each diagnostic group adjusting for age, gender and educational attainment, and global cognition. Results: In all subjects, there was no significant APOE ε4 × HpVR interaction for immediate recall or delayed recall (p > 0.05). However, in aMCI subjects, there was a significant APOE ε4 × HpVR interaction for delayed recall (p = 0.008), but not immediate recall (p = 0.15). More specifically, the detrimental effect of APOE ε4 on delayed recall altered by HpVR such that this effect was most evident among subjects with small to moderate HpVR, but this disadvantage was absent or even reversed among subjects with larger HpVR. No significant interaction was observed in the NC or AD group. Conclusion: These findings highlight a potential role of APOE ε4 status in affecting the association of hippocampus size with delayed recall memory in the early stage of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwu Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Teng Ye
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Independent Researcher, Hangzhou, China
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31
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Ba M, Ng KP, Gao X, Kong M, Guan L, Yu L. The combination of apolipoprotein E4, age and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive Subscale improves the prediction of amyloid positron emission tomography status in clinically diagnosed mild cognitive impairment. Eur J Neurol 2019; 26:733-e53. [PMID: 30561868 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Randomized clinical trials involving anti-amyloid interventions focus on the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with proven amyloid pathology, using amyloid positron emission tomography (amyloid-PET) imaging or cerebrospinal fluid analysis. However, these investigations are either expensive or invasive and are not readily available in resource-limited centres. Hence, the identification of cost-effective clinical alternatives to amyloid-PET is highly desirable. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of combined clinical markers in predicting amyloid-PET status in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) individuals. METHODS In all, 406 MCI participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database were dichotomized into amyloid-PET(+) and amyloid-PET(-) using a cut-off of >1.11. The accuracies of single clinical markers [apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) genotype, demographics, cognitive measures and cerebrospinal fluid analysis] in predicting amyloid-PET status were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. A logistic regression model was then used to determine the optimal model with combined clinical markers to predict amyloid-PET status. RESULTS Cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β (Aβ) showed the best predictive accuracy of amyloid-PET status [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.927]. Whilst ApoE4 genotype (AUC = 0.737) and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) 13 (AUC = 0.724) independently discriminated amyloid-PET(+) and amyloid-PET(-) MCI individuals, the combination of clinical markers (ApoE4 carrier, age >60 years and ADAS-Cog 13 > 13.5) improved the predictive accuracy of amyloid-PET status (AUC = 0.827, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Cerebrospinal fluid Aβ, which is an invasive procedure, is most accurate in predicting amyloid-PET status in MCI individuals. The combination of ApoE4, age and ADAS-Cog 13 also accurately predicts amyloid-PET status. As this combination of clinical markers is cheap, non-invasive and readily available, it offers an attractive surrogate assessment for amyloid status amongst MCI individuals in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ba
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - K P Ng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - X Gao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - M Kong
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, China
| | - L Guan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - L Yu
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, China
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32
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Bussy A, Snider BJ, Coble D, Xiong C, Fagan AM, Cruchaga C, Benzinger TLS, Gordon BA, Hassenstab J, Bateman RJ, Morris JC. Effect of apolipoprotein E4 on clinical, neuroimaging, and biomarker measures in noncarrier participants in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 75:42-50. [PMID: 30530186 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4) is the major genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). APOE4 may have effects on cognition and brain atrophy years before the onset of symptomatic AD. We analyzed the effects of APOE4 in a unique cohort of young adults who had undergone comprehensive assessments as part of the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN), an international longitudinal study of individuals from families with autosomal dominant AD. We analyzed the effect of an APOE4 allele on cognitive measures, volumetric MRI, amyloid deposition, glucose metabolism, and on cerebrospinal fluid levels of AD biomarkers in 162 participants that did not carry the mutant gene (noncarriers). APOE4+ and APOE4- mutation noncarriers had similar performance on cognitive measures. Amyloid deposition began at an earlier age in APOE4+ participants, whereas hippocampal volume was similar between the groups. These preliminary findings are consistent with growing evidence that the APOE4 allele may exert effects in midlife years before symptom onset, promoting amyloid deposition before altering cognitive performance or brain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Bussy
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - B Joy Snider
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO.
| | - Dean Coble
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO; Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO; Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Brian A Gordon
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Randall J Bateman
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - John C Morris
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
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Merritt VC, Clark AL, Sorg SF, Evangelista ND, Werhane ML, Bondi MW, Schiehser DM, Delano-Wood L. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype is associated with reduced neuropsychological performance in military veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2018; 40:1050-1061. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2018.1508555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra L. Clark
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California San Diego (SDSU/UCSD), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Scott F. Sorg
- VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS), San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Madeleine L. Werhane
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California San Diego (SDSU/UCSD), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark W. Bondi
- VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS), San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dawn M. Schiehser
- VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS), San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Delano-Wood
- VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS), San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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Jiang YT, Li HY, Cao XP, Tan L. Meta-analysis of the association between CD33 and Alzheimer's disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:169. [PMID: 29951491 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.04.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background The cluster of differentiation 33 (CD33) gene is compelling among the susceptibility genes of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Genome-wide association study (GWAS). Researches of the relationship between AD and polymorphism in CD33 have showed conflicting results. In order to more precisely evaluate whether CD33 variants are associated with AD, we performed the meta-analysis presented in this manuscript. Methods We searched from three databases including PubMed, Cochrane library and EMbase for related case-control researches based on criteria of determination. A total of 18 case-control studies, containing 50,030 cases and 77,405 controls were involved in CD33 rs3865444 polymorphism. And a total of 4 case-control studies, containing 826 cases and 984 controls were involved in CD33 rs3826656 polymorphism. Results This study demonstrated that different variants in CD33 were associated with AD (rs3865444: OR =0.94; 95% CI, 0.90-0.98, P<0.01; rs3826656: OR =0.94; 95% CI, 0.62-1.41, P<0.01). We made subgroup analysis which was stratified by race. There were protective associations in Caucasians but not in Asians among CD33 rs3865444 polymorphism (Caucasians: OR =0.92; 95% CI, 0.90-0.94, P=0.05; Asians: OR =0.87; 95% CI, 0.65-1.17, P<0.01). Conclusions The CD33 rs3865444 polymorphism could be a protective factor in AD. Meanwhile, there was no association between the CD33 rs3826656 polymorphism and AD. Further confirmation is needed in larger and better-designed researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hai-Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, Weihai Wei People's Hospital, Weihai 264200, China
| | - Xi-Peng Cao
- Clinical Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the main form of dementia in the elderly, is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by rapidly progressive cognitive dysfunction and behavior impairment. AD exhibits a considerable heritability and great advances have been made in approaches to searching the genetic etiology of AD. In AD genetic studies, methods have developed from classic linkage-based and candidate-gene-based association studies to genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and next generation sequencing (NGS). The identification of new susceptibility genes has provided deeper insights to understand the mechanisms underlying AD. In addition to searching novel genes associated with AD in large samples, the NGS technologies can also be used to shed light on the 'black matter' discovery even in smaller samples. The shift in AD genetics between traditional studies and individual sequencing will allow biomaterials of each patient as the central unit of genetic studies. This review will cover genetic findings in AD and consequences of AD genetic findings. Firstly, we will discuss the discovery of mutations in APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, APOE, and ADAM10. Then we will summarize and evaluate the information obtained from GWAS of AD. Finally, we will outline the efforts to identify rare variants associated with AD using NGS.
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Zhou J, Liu S, Ng KK, Wang J. Applications of Resting-State Functional Connectivity to Neurodegenerative Disease. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2017; 27:663-683. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Cohn‐Hokke PE, Holstege H, Weiss MM, van der Flier WM, Barkhof F, Sistermans EA, Pijnenburg YAL, van Swieten JC, Meijers‐Heijboer H, Scheltens P. A novel CCM2 variant in a family with non-progressive cognitive complaints and cerebral microbleeds. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2017; 174:220-226. [PMID: 27277535 PMCID: PMC5363380 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lobar cerebral microbleeds are most often sporadic and associated with Alzheimer's disease. The aim of our study was to identify the underlying genetic defect in a family with cognitive complaints and multiple lobar microbleeds and a positive family history for early onset Alzheimer's disease. We performed exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencing for validation purposes on genomic DNA of three siblings with cognitive complaints, reduced amyloid-beta-42 in CSF and multiple cerebral lobar microbleeds. We checked for the occurrence of the variant in a cohort of 363 patients with early onset dementia and/or microbleeds. A novel frameshift variant (c.236_237delAC) generating a premature stop codon in the CCM2 gene shared by all three siblings was identified. Pathogenicity of the variant was supported by the presence of cerebral cavernous malformations in two of the siblings and by the absence of the variant exome variant databases. Two siblings were homozygous for APOE-ϵ4; one heterozygous. The cognitive complaints, reduced amyloid-beta-42 in CSF and microbleeds suggest preclinical Alzheimer's disease, but the stability of the cognitive complaints does not. We hypothesize that the phenotype in this family may be due to a combination of the CCM2 variant and the APOE status. © 2016 The Authors. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra E. Cohn‐Hokke
- Department of Clinical GeneticsVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Henne Holstege
- Department of Clinical GeneticsVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical CenterNeuroscience Campus AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marjan M. Weiss
- Department of Clinical GeneticsVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M. van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical CenterNeuroscience Campus AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical CenterNeuroscience Campus AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Erik A. Sistermans
- Department of Clinical GeneticsVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Yolande A. L. Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical CenterNeuroscience Campus AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - John C. van Swieten
- Department of Clinical GeneticsVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical CenterNeuroscience Campus AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Department of NeurologyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical CenterNeuroscience Campus AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Grothe MJ, Villeneuve S, Dyrba M, Bartrés-Faz D, Wirth M. Multimodal characterization of older APOE2 carriers reveals selective reduction of amyloid load. Neurology 2017; 88:569-576. [PMID: 28062720 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To comprehensively assess neurobiological effects of the protective APOE2 allele in the aged brain using a cross-sectional multimodal neuroimaging approach. METHODS Multimodal neuroimaging data were obtained from a total of 572 older individuals without dementia (cognitively normal and mild cognitive impairment) enrolled in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and included assessments of regional amyloid load with AV45-PET, glucose metabolism with fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, and gray matter volume with structural MRI. Imaging indexes of APOE2 carriers were contrasted to risk-neutral APOE3 homozygotes, and analyses were controlled for age, sex, education, and clinical diagnosis. Additional models examined genotype-specific effects of age on the imaging markers. RESULTS In region-of-interest-based analyses, APOE2 carriers had significantly less precuneal amyloid pathology and did not show the typical age-related increase in amyloid load, although the age × genotype interaction was only trend-level significant. In contrast, parietal metabolism and hippocampal volume did not differ between APOE2 and APOE3 genotypes, and both groups showed comparable negative effects of age on these markers. The amyloid specificity of APOE2-related brain changes was corroborated in 2 complementary analyses: spatially unbiased voxel-wise analyses showing widespread reductions in amyloid deposition but no differences in gray matter volume or metabolism and an analysis of CSF-based biomarkers showing a significant effect on amyloid but not on tau pathology. CONCLUSIONS Regarding the range of Alzheimer disease biomarkers considered in the present study, the APOE2 allele appears to have a relatively selective effect on reduced accumulation of amyloid pathology in the aged brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel J Grothe
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.J.G., M.D.), Rostock, Germany; Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.V.), Research Centre, Verdun; Department of Psychiatry (S.V.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine (D.B.-F.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (M.W.) and Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.J.G., M.D.), Rostock, Germany; Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.V.), Research Centre, Verdun; Department of Psychiatry (S.V.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine (D.B.-F.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (M.W.) and Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Dyrba
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.J.G., M.D.), Rostock, Germany; Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.V.), Research Centre, Verdun; Department of Psychiatry (S.V.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine (D.B.-F.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (M.W.) and Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.J.G., M.D.), Rostock, Germany; Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.V.), Research Centre, Verdun; Department of Psychiatry (S.V.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine (D.B.-F.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (M.W.) and Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Miranka Wirth
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.J.G., M.D.), Rostock, Germany; Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.V.), Research Centre, Verdun; Department of Psychiatry (S.V.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine (D.B.-F.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (M.W.) and Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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Ba M, Kong M, Li X, Ng KP, Rosa-Neto P, Gauthier S. Is ApoE ɛ 4 a good biomarker for amyloid pathology in late onset Alzheimer's disease? Transl Neurodegener 2016; 5:20. [PMID: 27891223 PMCID: PMC5112745 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-016-0067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid plaques are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and biomarkers such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) β-amyloid 1–42 (Aβ1-42) and amyloid positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging are important in diagnosing amyloid pathology in vivo. ɛ4 allele of the Apolipoprotein E gene (ApoE ɛ 4), which is a major genetic risk factor for late onset AD, is an important genetic biomarker for AD pathophysiology. It has been shown that ApoE ɛ 4 is involved in Aβ deposition and formation of amyloid plaques. Studies have suggested the utility of peripheral blood ApoE ɛ 4 in AD diagnosis and risk assessment. However it is still a matter of debate whether ApoE ɛ 4 status would improve prediction of amyloid pathology and represent a cost-effective alternative to amyloid PET or CSF Aβ in resource-limited settings in late onset AD. Recent research suggest that the mean prevalence of PET amyloid-positivity is 95% in ApoE ɛ 4-positive AD patients. This short review aims to provide an updated information on the relationship between ApoE ɛ 4 and amyloid biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maowen Ba
- Department of Neurology, Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong 264000 People's Republic of China.,McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Douglas Institute, 6825 Lasalle Boul, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3 Canada
| | - Min Kong
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, Shandong 264000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Douglas Institute, 6825 Lasalle Boul, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3 Canada.,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010 People's Republic of China
| | - Kok Pin Ng
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Douglas Institute, 6825 Lasalle Boul, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3 Canada.,Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Douglas Institute, 6825 Lasalle Boul, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3 Canada
| | - Serge Gauthier
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Douglas Institute, 6825 Lasalle Boul, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3 Canada
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Impacts of CD33 Genetic Variations on the Atrophy Rates of Hippocampus and Parahippocampal Gyrus in Normal Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1111-1118. [PMID: 26803496 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The cluster of differentiation 33 (CD33) has been proved as a susceptibility locus associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) based on recent genetic studies. Numerous studies have shown that multiple neuroimaging measures are potent predictors of AD risk and progression, and these measures are also affected by genetic variations in AD. Figuring out the association between CD33 genetic variations and AD-related brain atrophy may shed light on the underlying mechanisms of CD33-related AD pathogenesis. Thus, we investigated the influence of CD33 genotypes on AD-related brain atrophy to clarify the possible means by which CD33 impacts AD. A total of 48 individuals with probable AD, 483 mild cognitive impairment, and 281 cognitively normal controls were recruited from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset. We investigated the influence of CD33 SNPs on hippocampal volume, parahippocampal gyrus volume, posterior cingulate volume, middle temporal volume, hippocampus CA1 subregion volume, and entorhinal cortex thickness. We found that brain regions significantly affected by CD33 genetic variations were restricted to hippocampal and parahippocampal gyrus in hybrid population, which were further validated in subpopulation (MCI and NC) analysis. These findings reaffirm the importance of the hippocampal and parahippocampal gyrus in AD pathogenesis, and present evidences for the CD33 variations influence on the atrophy of specific AD-related brain structures. Our findings raise the possibility that CD33 polymorphisms contribute to the AD risk by altering the neuronal degeneration of hippocampal and parahippocampal gyrus.
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