1
|
Dou M, Chu Y, Zhou X, Wang M, Li X, Ma R, Fan Z, Zhao X, Wang W, Li S, Lv Y, Zhu L. Matrine Mediated Immune Protection in MS by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Production of SCFAs. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:74-90. [PMID: 37581848 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
There is clearly an unmet need for more effective and safer treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS). Our previous studies showed a significant therapeutic effect of matrine, a monomer of traditional herbal medicine, on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. To explore the mechanism of matrine action, we used 16S rRNA sequencing technology to determine the gut microbes in matrine-treated EAE mice and controls. The concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were then tested by metabonomics. Finally, we established pseudo-sterile mice and transplanted into them fecal microbiota, which had been obtained from the high-dose matrine-treated EAE mice to test the effects of matrine. The results showed that matrine could restore the diversity of gut microbiota and promote the production of SCFAs in EAE mice. Transplantation of fecal microbiota from matrine-treated mice significantly alleviated EAE severity, reduced CNS inflammatory infiltration and demyelination, and decreased the level of IL-17 but increased IL-10 in sera of mice. In conclusion, matrine treatment can regulate gut microbiota and metabolites and halt the progression of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Dou
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yaojuan Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xueliang Zhou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengru Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhirui Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Silu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chhabra S, Mehan S, Khan Z, Gupta GD, Narula AS. Matrine mediated neuroprotective potential in experimental multiple sclerosis: Evidence from CSF, blood markers, brain samples and in-silico investigations. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 384:578200. [PMID: 37774554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating, inflammatory, and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Around 2.8 million people worldwide are affected by MS due to its challenging diagnosis and treatment. Our study investigates the role of the JAK/STAT and PPAR-gamma signaling pathways in the progression of multiple sclerosis. Inflammation and demyelination can be caused by dysregulation of these pathways. Modulating the STAT-3, mTOR, and PPAR-gamma signaling pathways may offer therapeutic potential for multiple sclerosis. Matrine (40 and 80 mg/kg, i.p.), a quinolizidine alkaloid derived from Sophora flavescens, has been investigated for its therapeutic potential in our laboratory. Matrine has been studied for its neuroprotective effect in neurodegenerative diseases. It inhibits inflammatory responses and promotes regeneration of damaged myelin sheaths, indicating its potential efficacy in treating multiple sclerosis. Matrine exerts its neuroprotective effect by inhibiting STAT-3 and mTOR and promoting PPAR-gamma expression.GW9662, a PPAR-gamma antagonist (2 mg/kg, i.p.), was administered to evaluate the involvement of PPAR-gamma and to compare the efficacy of matrine's potential neuroprotective effect. Matrine's interaction with the STAT-3, mTOR, and PPAR-gamma pathways in multiple Sclerosis was also validated and confirmed through insilico investigation. In addition, matrine altered the CBC profile, intensifying the clinical presentation of multiple sclerosis. In addition, we evaluated the diagnostic potential of various biological samples, including CSF, blood plasma, and brain homogenates (striatum, cortex, hippocampus, and midbrain). These samples were used to evaluate the neurochemical changes caused by neurobehavioral alterations during the progression of multiple sclerosis. These results indicate that matrine treatment ameliorated multiple sclerosis and that the mechanism underlying these effects may be closely related to the modulation of the STAT-3/mTOR/PPAR-gamma signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swesha Chhabra
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
| | - Zuber Khan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | | | - Acharan S Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chhabra S, Mehan S. Matrine exerts its neuroprotective effects by modulating multiple neuronal pathways. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1471-1499. [PMID: 37103719 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that misfolding, clumping, and accumulation of proteins in the brain may be common causes and pathogenic mechanism for several neurological illnesses. This causes neuronal structural deterioration and disruption of neural circuits. Research from various fields supports this idea, indicating that developing a single treatment for several severe conditions might be possible. Phytochemicals from medicinal plants play an essential part in maintaining the brain's chemical equilibrium by affecting the proximity of neurons. Matrine is a tetracyclo-quinolizidine alkaloid derived from the plant Sophora flavescens Aiton. Matrine has been shown to have a therapeutic effect on Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and various other neurological disorders. Numerous studies have demonstrated that matrine protects neurons by altering multiple signalling pathways and crossing the blood-brain barrier. As a result, matrine may have therapeutic utility in the treatment of a variety of neurocomplications. This work aims to serve as a foundation for future clinical research by reviewing the current state of matrine as a neuroprotective agent and its potential therapeutic application in treating neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric illnesses. Future research will answer many concerns and lead to fascinating discoveries that could impact other aspects of matrine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swesha Chhabra
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khan A, Shal B, Khan AU, Bibi T, Zeeshan S, Zahra SS, Crews P, Haq IU, Din FU, Ali H, Khan S. Suppression of MAPK/NF-kB and activation of Nrf2 signaling by Ajugarin-I in EAE model of multiple sclerosis. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36789832 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating neurodegenerative autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The current study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective properties of Ajugarin-I (Aju-I) against the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS and explored the underlying mechanism involved. The protective potential of Aju-I was first confirmed against glutamate-induced HT22 cells and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced BV2 cells. Next, an EAE model has been established to investigate the mechanisms of MS and identify potential candidates for MS treatment. The behavioral results demonstrated that Aju-I post-immunization treatment markedly reduced the EAE-associated clinical score, motor impairment, and neuropathic pain. Evans blue and fluorescein isothiocyanate extravasation in the brain were markedly reduced by Aju-I. It effectively restored the EAE-associated histopathological changes in the brain and spinal cord. It markedly attenuated EAE-induced inflammation in the CNS by reducing the expression levels of p-38/JNK/NF-κB but increased the expression of IkB-α. It suppressed oxidative stress by increasing the expression of Nrf2 but decreasing the expression of keap-1. It suppressed EAE-induced apoptosis in the CNS by regulating Bax/Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 expression. Taken together, this study suggests that Aju-I treatment exhibits neuroprotective properties in the EAE model of MS via regulation of MAPK/NF-κB, Nrf2/Keap-1, and Bcl2/Bax signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,DHQ Teaching Hospital Timergara, Lower Dir, Timergara, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Shal
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Ashraf Ullah Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Tehmina Bibi
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sara Zeeshan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Saniya Zahra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Phillip Crews
- Division of Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Ihsan Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Ud Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song Y, Wang M, Zhao S, Tian Y, Zhang C. Matrine promotes mitochondrial biosynthesis and reduces oxidative stress in experimental optic neuritis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:936632. [PMID: 36238552 PMCID: PMC9552203 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.936632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Optic neuritis (ON), characterized by inflammation of the optic nerve and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), is one of the leading causes of blindness in patients. Given that RGC, as an energy-intensive cell, is vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction, improving mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress could protect these cells. Matrine (MAT), an alkaloid derived from Sophoraflavescens, has been shown to regulate immunity and protect neurons in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis and ON. However, the protective mechanism of MAT on RGCs is largely unknown. In this study, we show that MAT treatment significantly reduced the degree of inflammatory infiltration and demyelination of the optic nerve and increased the survival rate of RGCs. The expression of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a member of an evolutionarily conserved gene family (sirtuins), was upregulated, as well as its downstream molecules Nrf2 and PGC-1α. The percentage of TOMM20-positive cells was also increased remarkably in RGCs after MAT treatment. Thus, our results indicate that MAT protects RGCs from apoptosis, at least in part, by activating SIRT1 to regulate PGC-1α and Nrf2, which, together, promote mitochondrial biosynthesis and reduce the oxidative stress of RGCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengru Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suyan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjie Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanjie Tian,
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun Y, Xu L, Cai Q, Wang M, Wang X, Wang S, Ni Z. Research progress on the pharmacological effects of matrine. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:977374. [PMID: 36110092 PMCID: PMC9469773 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.977374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrine possesses anti-cancer properties, as well as the prevention and treatment of allergic asthma, and protection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Its mechanism of action may be (1) regulation of cancer cell invasion, migration, proliferation, and cell cycle to inhibit tumor growth; (2) reduction of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and advanced glycation end products from the source by exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects; (3) protection of brain damage and cortical neurons by regulating apoptosis; (4) restoration of the intestinal barrier and regulation of the intestinal microbiota. This article aims to explore matrine’s therapeutic potential by summarizing comprehensive information on matrine’s pharmacology, toxicity, and bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Lu Xu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Qihan Cai
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xinliang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Siming Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Siming Wang,
| | - Zhiyu Ni
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Microecological Metabolism Regulation, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Siming Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bibi T, Khan A, Khan AU, Shal B, Ali H, Seo EK, Khan S. Magnolol prevented brain injury through the modulation of Nrf2-dependent oxidative stress and apoptosis in PLP-induced mouse model of multiple sclerosis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:717-733. [PMID: 35348816 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of magnolol in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS in female mice. Magnolol (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg) was administered once daily for 21 days after immunization of mice. Magnolol post-immunization treatment significantly reversed clinical scoring, EAE-associated pain parameters, and motor dysfunction in a dose-dependent manner. Magnolol treatment significantly inhibited oxidative stress by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) production, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity while enhancing the level of antioxidants such as reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the brain and spinal cord. It reduced cytokine levels in the brain and spinal cord. It suppressed CD8+ T cells frequency in the spleen tissue. Magnolol remarkably reversed the EAE-associated histopathology of the brain and spinal cord tissue. Magnolol significantly intensifies the antioxidant defense system by enhancing the expression level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) while decreasing the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cleaved-caspase-3 in the brain. Molecular docking results showed that magnolol possesses a better binding affinity for Nrf2, iNOS, and caspase-3 proteins. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that magnolol has significant neuroprotective properties in EAE via inhibition of oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tehmina Bibi
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ashraf Ullah Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Shal
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, IQRA University, Islamabad Campus, (Chak Shahzad), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Eun Kyoung Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
| | - Salman Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu J, Lv M, Xu H. The Advances on Bioactivities, Mechanisms of Action, and Structural Optimizations of Matrine and Its Derivatives. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:1716-1734. [PMID: 35049432 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220113124717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Matrine, a tetracyclo-quinolizidine alkaloid, is isolated from the industrial crop plant Sophora flavescens. Due to a wide range of pharmacological and agricultural properties, the research on the phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and mechanisms of action of matrine and its derivatives has received much attention. On the other hand, to improve their biological activities, the study on structural optimizations and structure-activity relationships of matrine and its derivatives has also attached more and more importance. In this review article, the update advances on bioactivities, mechanisms of action, structural modifications and structure-activity relationships of matrine and its derivatives from 2017 to 2020 are presented. We hope that this review will provide a reference for the development and application of matrine and its derivatives as drugs or pesticides in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Min Lv
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hong L, Chen W, He L, Tan H, Peng D, Zhao G, Shi X, Wang L, Liu M, Jiang H. Effect of Naoluoxintong on the NogoA/RhoA/ROCK pathway by down-regulating DNA methylation in MCAO rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114559. [PMID: 34461189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Naoluoxintong (NLXT) is a traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) prescription that is clinically used in the treatment of ischemic stroke (IS). However, its therapeutic mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To obtain the mechanism of NLXT by observing the protective effects of NLXT on the NogoA/RhoA/Rock pathway in a rat model of IS by regulating DNA methylation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were divided into five groups using a random number table: normal group, model group, NLXT group, blocker group I (NLXT + SGI-1027) and blocker group II (NLXT + Y27632). The right middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model was made, and the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of each group was detected using laser Doppler. The methylation levels of CpG sites of neurite outgrowth inhibitor protein-A (Nogo-A), Nogo receptor (NgR), ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) and rho-associated coiled-coil protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) genes in rat brain tissue were detected using the bisulfite method. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect NogoA, RhoA, NgR1, NgR2 and ROCK2 mRNA expression in rat brain tissue. NogoA, RhoA, NgR1, NgR2 and ROCK2 proteins were detected using immunoblotting in rat brain tissue. RESULTS After the modeling of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), neurological deficit test was made to ensure the success of the modeling. At each time point after surgery, the rCBF of the other groups decreased compared with the normal group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the rCBF increased in blocker group I as well as blocker group II after 3 days (P < 0.05). There were differences in the DNA methylation sites of NogoA, RhoA, NgR and ROCK2 genes between the model group and the NLXT group (P < 0.05). Compared with the normal group, NogoA, NgR1, NgR2, RhoA and ROCK2 gene expression in the model group increased observably (P < 0.01). In comparison with the model group, NogoA and NgR1 gene expression in the blocker group II was prominently observed on the 1st day. NogoA, NgR1, NgR2, RhoA and ROCK2 gene expression remarkably reduced (P < 0.01) on the 3rd and 7th days. Compared with the normal group, NogoA, RhoA, NgR1, NgR2 and ROCK2 protein expression in the model group increased observably (P < 0.01). In comparison with the model group, NogoA, RhoA, NgR1, NgR2 and ROCK2 protein expression in the other groups declined prominently (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION NLXT can reduce the DNA methylation level of NogoA pathway after IS, thus inhibit the expression of NogoA/RhoA/ROCK pathway from producing anti-cerebral ischemia pharmacological effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Ling He
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.
| | - Hui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Guodong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Xiaoqian Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huaibei People's Hospital, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Huihui Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rnd3 is necessary for the correct oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in the central nervous system. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 227:829-841. [PMID: 34724108 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02419-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rho small GTPases are proteins with key roles in the development of the central nervous system. Rnd proteins are a subfamily of Rho GTPases, characterized by their constitutive activity. Rnd3/RhoE is a member of this subfamily ubiquitously expressed in the CNS, whose specific functions during brain development are still not well defined. Since other Rho proteins have been linked to the myelination process, we study here the expression and function of Rnd3 in oligodendrocyte development. We have found that Rnd3 is expressed in a subset of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and of mature oligodendrocytes both in vivo and in vitro. We have analyzed the role of Rnd3 in myelination using mice lacking Rnd3 expression (Rnd3gt/gt mice), showing that these mice exhibit hypomyelination in the brain and a reduction in the number of mature and total oligodendrocytes in the corpus callosum and striatum. The mutants display a decreased expression of several myelin proteins and a reduction in the number of myelinated axons. In addition, myelinated axons exhibit thinner myelin sheaths. In vitro experiments using Rnd3gt/gt mutant mice showed that the differentiation of the precursor cells is altered in the absence of Rnd3 expression, suggesting that Rnd3 is directly required for the differentiation of oligodendrocytes and, in consequence, for the correct myelination of the CNS. This work shows Rnd3 as a new protein involved in oligodendrocyte maturation, opening new avenues to further study the function of Rnd3 in the development of the central nervous system and its possible involvement in demyelinating diseases.
Collapse
|
11
|
Khan A, Shal B, Khan AU, Bibi T, Islam SU, Baig MW, Haq IU, Ali H, Ahmad S, Khan S. Withametelin, a novel phytosterol, alleviates neurological symptoms in EAE mouse model of multiple sclerosis via modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Neurochem Int 2021; 151:105211. [PMID: 34688804 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that remains incurable. Withametelin (WMT), a phytosterol, showed diverse biological activities isolated from the leaves of Datura innoxa. In the present study, we used an in vitro model of HT22 and BV-2 cell lines and an in vivo murine model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), to explore the antioxidant and anti neuroinflammatory potential of WMT. The results showed that pretreatment with WMT markedly inhibited H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. Correspondingly, WMT post-immunization treatment significantly attenuated EAE-induced clinical score, weight loss, neuropathic pain behaviors, and motor dysfunction. It markedly lowers EAE-induced elevated circulating leucocytes, spinal deformity, and splenomegaly. It strikingly inhibited the Evans blue and FITC extravasation in the brain. It remarkably reversed the EAE-induced histopathological alteration of the brain, spinal cord, eye, and optic nerve. It significantly intensified the antioxidant defense mechanism by improving the expression level of nuclear factor-erythroid-related factor-2 (Nrf2), heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) but reducing the expression level of the Kelch-like-ECH-associated-protein-1 (keap-1), inducible-nitric-oxide-synthase (iNOS) in the CNS. Likewise, it markedly suppressed neuroinflammation by reducing the expression level of toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear-factor-kappa-B (NF-κB), activator-protein-1 (AP-1) but increased the expression level IkB-α in the CNS. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations and MMPBSA binding free energies were determined to validate the dynamic stability of complexes and shed light on the atomic level intermolecular interaction energies. Taken together, this study showed that WMT has significant neuroprotective potential in EAE via modulation of Nrf2 mediated-oxidative stress and NF-κB mediated inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Bushra Shal
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ashraf Ullah Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Tehmina Bibi
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Salman Ul Islam
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
| | - Muhammad Waleed Baig
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ihsan Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan.
| | - Salman Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hu H, Wang H, Liu W. Effect of ganglioside combined with Chip Jiaji electro-acupuncture on Nogo-NgR signal pathway in SCI rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4132-4136. [PMID: 34354392 PMCID: PMC8324963 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, the effect of ganglioside combined with Jiaji electroacupuncture (Jiaji EA) on SCI still remains unclear. This study explores the effect of ganglioside combined with electroacupuncture on Nogo/NgR signal pathway in spinal cord tissue of spinal cord injury (SCI) rats. Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) score was used to evaluate spinal cord function after modeling and 14 days post ganglioside and electroacupuncture treatment. RT-qPCR and western blot were performed to evaluate the expression levels of targets in spinal cord tissue. After 14 days of treatment, the BBB scores of Jiaji EA group, ganglioside group and combination group were all improved. The expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in Jiaji EA group, ganglioside group and combination group were significantly lower than those in model group. Both of mRNA and protein expression levels of Nogo-A, NgR and LINGO-1 in the model group were significantly higher than those in the Jiaji EA group, ganglioside group and combination group. Ganglioside combined with Jiaji EA has a stronger effect on promoting the recovery of nerve function. Its mechanism of action may be related to its inhibition of the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and Nogo-NgR signal pathway to promote neuronal growth. Our results will provide fundamental information for further SCI studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfeng Hu
- Department of Neurolog, Jingmen NO.1 People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurolog, The 966 Hospital of Dandong PLA, Dandong, Liaoning 118000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neurolog, Jingmen NO.1 People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Matrine treatment induced an A2 astrocyte phenotype and protected the blood-brain barrier in CNS autoimmunity. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 117:102004. [PMID: 34280490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 astrocytes (A1), which are highly proinflammatory and neurotoxic, are prevalent in multiple sclerosis (MS). In addition, in MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), immune cells must cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and infiltrate into the parenchyma of the central nervous system (CNS) in order to induce neurological deficits. We have previously reported that treatment of EAE with matrine (MAT), a quinazine alkaloid derived from Sophorae Flavescens, effectively inhibited CNS inflammation and promoted neuroregeneration. However, the impact of MAT treatment on astrocyte phenotype is not known. In the present study, we showed that MAT treatment inhibited the generation of neurotoxic A1 astrocytes and promoted neuroprotective A2 astrocytes in the CNS of EAE, most likely by inhibiting production of the A1-inducing cytokine cocktail. MAT also downregulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and upregulated tight junction proteins Claudin 5 and Occludin, thus protecting the BBB from CNS inflammation-induced damage. Moreover, MAT treatment promotes the formation of astrocyte tight junctions at glia limitans, thereby limiting parenchymal invasion of the CNS by immune cells. Taken together, the inhibition of A1 astrogliogenesis, and the dual effects on the BBB and astrocytic glia limitans, may be the mechanisms whereby MAT significantly improves EAE clinical scores and neuroprotection.
Collapse
|
14
|
Matrine treatment reduces retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in experimental optic neuritis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9520. [PMID: 33947942 PMCID: PMC8097076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory demyelination and axonal injury of the optic nerve are hallmarks of optic neuritis (ON), which often occurs in multiple sclerosis and is a major cause of visual disturbance in young adults. Although a high dose of corticosteroids can promote visual recovery, it cannot prevent permanent neuronal damage. Novel and effective therapies are thus required. Given the recently defined capacity of matrine (MAT), a quinolizidine alkaloid derived from the herb Radix Sophorae flavescens, in immunomodulation and neuroprotection, we tested in this study the effect of matrine on rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis. MAT administration, started at disease onset, significantly suppressed optic nerve infiltration and demyelination, with reduced numbers of Iba1+ macrophages/microglia and CD4+ T cells, compared to those from vehicle-treated rats. Increased expression of neurofilaments, an axon marker, reduced numbers of apoptosis in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Moreover, MAT treatment promoted Akt phosphorylation and shifted the Bcl-2/Bax ratio back towards an antiapoptotic one, which could be a mechanism for its therapeutic effect in the ON model. Taken as a whole, our results demonstrate that MAT attenuated inflammation, demyelination and axonal loss in the optic nerve, and protected RGCs from inflammation-induced cell death. MAT may therefore have potential as a novel treatment for this disease that may result in blindness.
Collapse
|
15
|
Dou M, Zhou X, Li L, Zhang M, Wang W, Wang M, Jing Y, Ma R, Zhao J, Zhu L. Illumination of Molecular Pathways in Multiple Sclerosis Lesions and the Immune Mechanism of Matrine Treatment in EAE, a Mouse Model of MS. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640778. [PMID: 33912166 PMCID: PMC8072148 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is not clear, and the treatment of MS presents a great challenge. This study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of MS and to define target genes of matrine, a quinolizidine alkaloid component derived from the root of Sophorae flavescens that effectively suppressed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. To this end, the GSE108000 gene data set in the Gene Expression Omnibus Database, which included 7 chronic active MS lesions and 10 control samples of white matter, was analyzed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). X cell was used to analyze the microenvironmental differences in brain tissue samples of MS patients, including 64 types of immune cells and stromal cells. The biological functions and enriched signaling pathways of DEGs were analyzed by multiple approaches, including GO, KEGG, GSEA, and GSVA. The results by X cell showed significantly increased numbers of immune cell populations in the MS lesions, with decreased erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, adipocytes, keratinocytes, endothelial cells, Th1 cells and Tregs. In GSE108000, there were 637 DEGs, including 428 up-regulated and 209 down-regulated genes. Potential target genes of matrine were then predicted by the network pharmacology method of Traditional Chinese medicine, and 12 key genes were obtained by cross analysis of the target genes of matrine and DEGs in MS lesions. Finally, we confirmed by RT-PCR the predicted expression of these genes in brain tissues of matrine-treated EAE mice. Among these genes, 2 were significantly downregulated and 6 upregulated by matrine treatment, and the significance of this gene regulation was further investigated. In conclusion, our study defined several possible matrine target genes, which can be further elucidated as mechanism(s) of matrine action, and novel targets in the treatment of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Dou
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, the Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueliang Zhou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the first Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, the Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengru Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yilei Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li X, Tang Z, Wen L, Jiang C, Feng Q. Matrine: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, clinical application and preparation researches. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113682. [PMID: 33307055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE "Dogel ebs" was known as Sophora flavescens Ait., which has been widely utilized in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese Mongolian herbal medicine for thousands of years. Shen Nong's Materia Medica (Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing in Chinese pinyin) recorded that it is bitter in taste and cold in nature with the effect of clearing heat and eliminating dampness, insecticide, diuresis. Due to its extensive application in the fields of ethnopharmacological utilization, the pharmaceutical researches of Sophora flavescens Ait.s keeps deepening. Modern pharmacological studies have exhibited that matrine, which is rich in this traditional herbal medicine, mediates its main biological properties. AIMS OF THE REVIEW This review aimed at summarizing the latest and comprehensive information of matrine on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, clinical application and preparation researches to explore the therapeutic potential of this natural ingredient. In addition, outlooks and perspective for possible future researches that related are also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Related information concerning matrine was gathered from the internet database of Google scholar, Pubmed, ResearchGate, Web of Science and Wiley Online Library with the keywords including "matrine", "pharmacology", "toxicology" and "pharmacokinetics", "clinical application", etc. RESULTS: Based on literatures, matrine has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, detoxification and so on. Nevertheless, there are still some doubts about it due to the toxicity and questionable bioavailability that does exist. CONCLUSIONS Future researches directions probably include elucidate the mechanism of its toxicity and accurately tracing the in vivo behavior of its drug delivery system. Without doubt, integration of toxicity and efficiency and structure modification based on it are also pivotal methods to enhance pharmacological activity and bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ziwei Tang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Beibei Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Chongqing, 400700, China
| | - Li Wen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cen Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Quansheng Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Modulation of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in the CNS by matrine in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 352:577480. [PMID: 33493985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory mediator high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)-induced signaling pathway has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Matrine (MAT), a quinolizidine alkaloid component derived from the root of Sophorae flavescens, has the capacity to effectively suppress EAE. However, the impact of MAT treatment on HMGB1-induced signaling is not known. In the present study, we show that MAT treatment alleviated disease severity of ongoing EAE, reduced inflammatory infiltration and demyelination, and reduced the production of inflammatory factors including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the CNS. Moreover, MAT administration significantly reduced the protein and RNA expression of HMGB1 and TLR4 in the spinal cord, particularly in astrocytes and microglia/infiltrating macrophages. The expression of MyD88 and TRAF6, and the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, was also down-regulated after MAT treatment. In contrast, the level of IκB-α, an inhibitory molecule for NF-κB activation, was significantly increased. Furthermore, the direct inhibitory effect of MAT on HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling in macrophages was further confirmed in vitro. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that MAT treatment alleviated CNS inflammatory demyelination and activation of astrocytes and microglia/macrophages in EAE rats, and that the mechanism underlying these effects may be closely related to modulation of HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
18
|
Jiang J, Chu C, Wu C, Wang C, Zhang C, Li T, Zhai Q, Yu L, Tian F, Chen W. Efficacy of probiotics in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review of preclinical trials and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2021; 12:2354-2377. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03203d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Preliminary evidence shows the potential role of probiotics in ameliorating multiple sclerosis (MS); however, the effects of probiotics on MS remain unclear.
Collapse
|
19
|
Chu YJ, Ma WD, Thome R, Ping JD, Liu FZ, Wang MR, Zhang ML, Zhang G, Zhu L. Matrine Inhibits CNS Autoimmunity Through an IFN-β-Dependent Mechanism. Front Immunol 2020; 11:569530. [PMID: 33101289 PMCID: PMC7546369 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.569530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrine (MAT), a quinolizidine alkaloid component derived from the root of Sophora flavescens, suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), by inducing the production of immunomodulatory molecules, e.g., IL-10. In an effort to find the upstream pathway(s) of the mechanism underlying these effects, we have tested certain upregulated immunomodulatory molecules. Among them, we found increased levels of IL-27 and IFN-β, one of the first-line MS therapies. Indeed, while low levels of IFN-β production in sera and type I interferon receptor (IFNAR1) expression in spinal cord of saline-treated control EAE mice were detected, they were significantly increased after MAT treatment. Increased numbers of CD11b+IFN-β+ microglia/infiltrating macrophages were observed in the CNS of MAT-treated mice. The key role of IFN-β induction in the suppressive effect of MAT on EAE was further verified by administration of anti-IFN-β neutralizing antibody, which largely reversed the therapeutic effect of MAT. Further, we found that, while MAT treatment induced production of IL-27 and IL-10 by CNS microglia/macrophages, this effect was significantly reduced by IFN-β neutralizing antibody. Finally, the role of IFN-β in MAT-induced IL-27 and IL-10 production was further confirmed in human monocytes in vitro. Together, our study demonstrates that MAT exerts its therapeutic effect in EAE through an IFN-β/IL-27/IL-10 pathway, and is likely a novel, safe, low-cost, and effective therapy as an alternative to exogenous IFN-β for MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Juan Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen-Di Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rodolfo Thome
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jie-Dan Ping
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang-Zhou Liu
- Henan Province Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng-Ru Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming-Liang Zhang
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Evaluation Technology of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangxian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
You L, Yang C, Du Y, Wang W, Sun M, Liu J, Ma B, Pang L, Zeng Y, Zhang Z, Dong X, Yin X, Ni J. A Systematic Review of the Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics of Matrine. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:01067. [PMID: 33041782 PMCID: PMC7526649 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrine (MT) is a naturally occurring alkaloid and an bioactive component of Chinese herbs, such as Sophora flavescens and Radix Sophorae tonkinensis. Emerging evidence suggests that MT possesses anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-fibrotic, anti-allergic, antinociceptive, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties. These pharmacological properties form the foundation for its application in the treatment of various diseases, such as multiple types of cancers, hepatitis, skin diseases, allergic asthma, diabetic cardiomyopathy, pain, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. However, an increasing number of published studies indicate that MT has serious adverse effects, the most obvious being liver toxicity and neurotoxicity, which are major factors limiting its clinical use. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that MT has low oral bioavailability and short half-life in vivo. This review summarizes the latest advances in research on the pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics of MT, with a focus on its biological properties and mechanism of action. The review provides insight into the future of research on traditional Chinese medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longtai You
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunjing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenping Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyi Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baorui Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linnuo Pang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yawen Zeng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxv Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingbin Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ni
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Michaličková D, Hrnčíř T, Canová NK, Slanař O. Targeting Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 873:172973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
22
|
Ma W, Zhang M, Liu S, Wang M, Shi Y, Yang T, Li X, Zhu L. Matrine alleviates astrogliosis through sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neurosci Lett 2019; 715:134599. [PMID: 31722234 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Expression of sphingosine/sphingosine 1-phosphate (SPH/S1P) in resident cells of the central nervous system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Accumulated evidence has shown the protective effects of S1P receptor modulators on MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, effective therapies to regulate SPH/S1P molecules themselves have not been well addressed. Our previous studies showed that matrine (MAT), a natural alkaloid component extracted from the Sophora root, has beneficial effects in EAE through immunomodulation. Here we demonstrate that MAT alleviated astrogliosis in the CNS of EAE rats, and downregulated levels of SPH, S1P and S1P1 expression in CNS tissues and astrocytes. Expression of SPH kinases (SPHK) 1 and 2, which splice SPH into S1P, was also inhibited by MAT treatment. In vitro studies showed a direct inhibitory effect of MAT on S1P1 expression of activated astrocytes, suggesting that MAT could function as an S1PRs antagonist. Moreover, MAT upregulated the expression of plasma gelsolin, which combines with S1P to reduce its concentration. These findings indicate that MAT could alleviate astrogliosis in EAE through diminishing the SPH/SPHK/S1P1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Mengru Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yamin Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Ting Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Xing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang MR, Zhang XJ, Liu HC, Ma WD, Zhang ML, Zhang Y, Li X, Dou MM, Jing YL, Chu YJ, Zhu L. Matrine protects oligodendrocytes by inhibiting their apoptosis and enhancing mitochondrial autophagy. Brain Res Bull 2019; 153:30-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
24
|
Shou J, Peng J, Zhao Z, Huang X, Li H, Li L, Gao X, Xing Y, Liu H. CCL26 and CCR3 are associated with the acute inflammatory response in the CNS in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 333:576967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.576967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
25
|
Jiang J, Zhang Z, Yu Y, Luan M, Ma Z, Gao F, Yu S. Screening of NogoA/NTR-related differential genes in rat sciatic nerve injury signal pathway. Per Med 2019; 16:93-105. [PMID: 30693815 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2018-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To screen the differential genes in NogoA/NTR-related pathways that associate with sciatic nerve injury. RESULTS There was no difference in the expression of NogoA, NTR and Ntrk2. Differential genes existed in 11 differential pathways that include NogoA, NTR and Ntrk2. Pathways closely related to sciatic nerve injury are MAPK, endophagocytosis, apoptosis, neurotrophin signaling and inflammatory mediators. NTRK1, FASLG, LDLR ADRB1 and HTR2A in model rats were downregulated compared with control rats, IL1R1, CSF1R, BCL2L1 and HRH1 in model rats were upregulated compared with control rats. CONCLUSION MAPK, endophagocytic, apoptotic, neurotrophic factor and inflammatory mediators of ductal mediators may be involved in the sciatic nerve injury in rats. The differentially expressed genes in these pathways may play important roles in sciatic nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, PR China
| | - Zhiwu Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, PR China
| | - Yuanchen Yu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, PR China
| | - Mingchun Luan
- Department of Hand Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, PR China
| | - Zhenjie Ma
- Department of Hand Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, PR China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Hand Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, PR China
| | - Shengjun Yu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li X, Zhao L, Han JJ, Zhang F, Liu S, Zhu L, Wang ZZ, Zhang GX, Zhang Y. Carnosol Modulates Th17 Cell Differentiation and Microglial Switch in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1807. [PMID: 30150982 PMCID: PMC6100297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants as a rich pool for developing novel small molecule therapeutic medicine have been used for thousands of years. Carnosol as a bioactive diterpene compound originated from Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) and Salvia officinalis, herbs extensively applied in traditional medicine for the treatment of multiple autoimmune diseases (1). In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects and molecule mechanism of carnosol in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Carnosol treatment significantly alleviated clinical development in the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55) peptide-induced EAE model, markedly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration into the central nervous system and reduced demyelination. Further, carnosol inhibited Th17 cell differentiation and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation, and blocked transcription factor NF-κB nuclear translocation. In the passive-EAE model, carnosol treatment also significantly prevented Th17 cell pathogenicity. Moreover, carnosol exerted its therapeutic effects in the chronic stage of EAE, and, remarkably, switched the phenotypes of infiltrated macrophage/microglia. Taken together, our results show that carnosol has enormous potential for development as a therapeutic agent for autoimmune diseases such as MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Li Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan-Juan Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Zhi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|