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Joudeh LA, Logan Schuck P, Van NM, DiCintio AJ, Stewart JA, Waldman AS. Progerin Can Induce DNA Damage in the Absence of Global Changes in Replication or Cell Proliferation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.02.601729. [PMID: 39005395 PMCID: PMC11244969 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.02.601729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic condition characterized by features of accelerated aging, and individuals with HGPS seldom live beyond their mid-teens. The syndrome is commonly caused by a point mutation in the LMNA gene which codes for lamin A and its splice variant lamin C, components of the nuclear lamina. The mutation causing HGPS leads to production of a truncated, farnesylated form of lamin A referred to as "progerin." Progerin is also expressed at low levels in healthy individuals and appears to play a role in normal aging. HGPS is associated with an accumulation of genomic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and alterations in the nature of DSB repair. The source of DSBs in HGPS is often attributed to stalling and subsequent collapse of replication forks in conjunction with faulty recruitment of repair factors to damage sites. In this work, we used a model system involving immortalized human cell lines to investigate progerin-induced genomic damage. Using an immunofluorescence approach to visualize phosphorylated histone H2AX foci which mark sites of genomic damage, we report that cells engineered to express progerin displayed a significant elevation of endogenous damage in the absence of any change in the cell cycle profile or doubling time of cells. Genomic damage was enhanced and persistent in progerin-expressing cells treated with hydroxyurea. Overexpression of wild-type lamin A did not elicit the outcomes associated with progerin expression. Our results show that DNA damage caused by progerin can occur independently from global changes in replication or cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza A. Joudeh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 20208
| | - P. Logan Schuck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 20208
| | - Nina M. Van
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 20208
| | - Alannah J. DiCintio
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 20208
| | - Jason A. Stewart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 20208
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101
| | - Alan S. Waldman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 20208
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2
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Gowda SK, Baskaran N, Behera B, Ayyanar P, Vinay K, Thakur V. Reticulate sclerodermoid pigmentation in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome - A report of two cases. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2024; 0:1-3. [PMID: 38841925 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_1325_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Shreya K Gowda
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Narayanan Baskaran
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Biswanath Behera
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Pavithra Ayyanar
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Keshavamurthy Vinay
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishal Thakur
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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3
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Ayala-Guerrero L, Claudio-Galeana S, Furlan-Magaril M, Castro-Obregón S. Chromatin Structure from Development to Ageing. Subcell Biochem 2023; 102:7-51. [PMID: 36600128 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21410-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear structure influences genome architecture, which contributes to determine patterns of gene expression. Global changes in chromatin dynamics are essential during development and differentiation, and are one of the hallmarks of ageing. This chapter describes the molecular dynamics of chromatin structure that occur during development and ageing. In the first part, we introduce general information about the nuclear lamina, the chromatin structure, and the 3D organization of the genome. Next, we detail the molecular hallmarks found during development and ageing, including the role of DNA and histone modifications, 3D genome dynamics, and changes in the nuclear lamina. Within the chapter we discuss the implications that genome structure has on the mechanisms that drive development and ageing, and the physiological consequences when these mechanisms fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorelei Ayala-Guerrero
- Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sherlyn Claudio-Galeana
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mayra Furlan-Magaril
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Susana Castro-Obregón
- Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Lin H, Mensch J, Haschke M, Jäger K, Köttgen B, Dernedde J, Orsó E, Walter M. Establishment and Characterization of hTERT Immortalized Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Fibroblast Cell Lines. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182784. [PMID: 36139359 PMCID: PMC9497314 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare premature aging syndrome caused by a dominant mutation in the LMNA gene. Previous research has shown that the ectopic expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase (hTERT) can elongate the telomeres of the patients’ fibroblasts. Here, we established five immortalized HGP fibroblast cell lines using retroviral infection with the catalytic subunit of hTERT. Immortalization enhanced the proliferative life span by at least 50 population doublings (PDs). The number of cells with typical senescence signs was reduced by 63 + 17%. Furthermore, the growth increase and phenotype improvement occurred with a lag phase of 50–100 days and was not dependent on the degree of telomere elongation. The initial telomeric stabilization after hTERT infection and relatively low amounts of hTERT mRNA were sufficient for the phenotype improvement but the retroviral infection procedure was associated with transient cell stress. Our data have implications for therapeutic strategies in HGP and other premature aging syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihuan Lin
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Mensch
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Maria Haschke
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Kathrin Jäger
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Köttgen
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Dernedde
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Evelyn Orsó
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Walter
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence:
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5
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Zhang SL, Lin SZ, Zhou YQ, Wang WQ, Li JY, Wang C, Pang QM. Clinical manifestations and gene analysis of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:5018-5024. [PMID: 35801028 PMCID: PMC9198858 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i15.5018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This case report describes a child with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS, OMIM: 176670) caused by LMNA (OMIM: 150330) gene mutation, and we have previously analyzed the clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics of this case. After 1-year treatment and follow-up, we focus on analyzing the changes in the clinical manifestations and genetic diagnosis of the patient.
CASE SUMMARY In April 2020, a 2-year-old boy with HGPS was found to have an abnormal appearance, and growth and development lagged behind those of children of the same age. The child’s weight did not increase normally, the veins of the head were clearly visible, and he had shallow skin color and sparse yellow hair. Peripheral blood DNA samples obtained from the patient and his parents were sequenced using high-throughput whole-exosome sequencing, which was verified by Sanger sequencing. The results showed that there was a synonymous heterozygous mutation of C.1824 C>T (P. G608G) in the LMNA gene.
CONCLUSION Mutation of the LMNA gene provides a molecular basis for diagnosis of HGPS and genetic counseling of the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Li Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou 570100, Hainan Province, China
| | - Shuang-Zhu Lin
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Children, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Zhou
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Children, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wan-Qi Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou 570100, Hainan Province, China
| | - Qi-Ming Pang
- Department of Neuroscience, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou 570100, Hainan Province, China
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6
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Clavere NG, Alqallaf A, Rostron KA, Parnell A, Mitchell R, Patel K, Boateng SY. Inhibition of activin A receptor signalling attenuates age-related pathological cardiac remodelling. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:275323. [PMID: 35380160 PMCID: PMC9118092 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the heart, ageing is associated with DNA damage, oxidative stress, fibrosis and activation of the activin signalling pathway, leading to cardiac dysfunction. The cardiac effects of activin signalling blockade in progeria are unknown. This study investigated the cardiac effects of progeria induced by attenuated levels of Ercc1, which is required for DNA excision and repair, and the impact of activin signalling blockade using a soluble activin receptor type IIB (sActRIIB). DNA damage and oxidative stress were significantly increased in Ercc1Δ/− hearts, but were reduced by sActRIIB treatment. sActRIIB treatment improved cardiac systolic function and induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in Ercc1Δ/− hearts. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that in Ercc1Δ/− hearts, there was an increase in pro-oxidant and a decrease in antioxidant gene expression, whereas sActRIIB treatment reversed this effect. Ercc1Δ/− hearts also expressed higher levels of anti-hypertrophic genes and decreased levels of pro-hypertrophic ones, which were also reversed by sActRIIB treatment. These results show for the first time that inhibition of activin A receptor signalling attenuates cardiac dysfunction, pathological tissue remodelling and gene expression in Ercc1-deficient mice and presents a potentially novel therapeutic target for heart diseases. Summary: Attenuated DNA repair is associated with pathological cardiac remodelling and gene expression. Much of this phenotype is attenuated by inhibition of the activin signalling pathway using soluble activin receptor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas G Clavere
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Ali Alqallaf
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Kerry A Rostron
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Andrew Parnell
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Robert Mitchell
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Ketan Patel
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Samuel Y Boateng
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
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7
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Mustafin RN, Khusnutdinova EK. The relationship of lamins with epigenetic factors during aging. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2022; 26:40-49. [PMID: 35342861 PMCID: PMC8892175 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-22-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The key factor of genome instability during aging is transposon dysregulation. This may be due to senile changes in the expression of lamins, which epigenetically modulate transposons. Lamins directly physically interact with transposons. Epigenetic regulators such as SIRT7, BAF, and microRNA can also serve as intermediaries for their interactions. There is also an inverse regulation, since transposons are sources of miRNAs that affect lamins. We suggest that lamins can be attributed to epigenetic factors, since they are part of the NURD, interact with histone deacetylases and regulate gene expression without changing the nucleotide sequences. The role of lamins in the etiopathogenesis of premature aging syndromes may be associated with interactions with transposons. In various human cells, LINE1 is present in the heterochromatin domains of the genome associated with lamins, while SIRT7 facilitates the interaction of this retroelement with lamins. Both retroelements and the nuclear lamina play an important role in the antiviral response of organisms. This may be due to the role of lamins in protection from both viruses and transposons, since viruses and transposons are evolutionarily related. Transposable elements and lamins are secondary messengers of environmental stressors that can serve as triggers for aging and carcinogenesis. Transposons play a role in the development of cancer, while the microRNAs derived from them, participating in the etiopathogenesis of tumors, are important in human aging. Lamins have similar properties, since lamins are dysregulated in cancer, and microRNAs affecting them are involved in carcinogenesis. Changes in the expression of specif ic microRNAs were also revealed
in laminopathies. Identif ication of the epigenetic mechanisms of interaction of lamins with transposons during
aging
can become the basis for the development of methods of life extension and targeted therapy of age-associated
cancer
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E. K. Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
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8
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Maciejczyk M, Nesterowicz M, Szulimowska J, Zalewska A. Oxidation, Glycation, and Carbamylation of Salivary Biomolecules in Healthy Children, Adults, and the Elderly: Can Saliva Be Used in the Assessment of Aging? J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2051-2073. [PMID: 35378954 PMCID: PMC8976116 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s356029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is inextricably linked to oxidative stress, inflammation, and posttranslational protein modifications. However, no studies evaluate oxidation, glycation, and carbamylation of salivary biomolecules as biomarkers of aging. Saliva collection is non-invasive, painless, and inexpensive, which are advantages over other biofluids. Methods The study enrolled 180 healthy subjects divided into six groups according to age: 6–13, 14–19, 20–39, 40–59, 60–79, and 80–100 years. The number of individuals was determined a priori based on our previous experiment (power of the test = 0.8; α = 0.05). Non-stimulated saliva and plasma were collected from participants, in which biomarkers of aging were determined by colorimetric, fluorometric, and ELISA methods. Results The study have demonstrated that modifications of salivary proteins increase with age, as manifested by decreased total thiol levels and increased carbonyl groups, glycation (Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine, advanced glycation end products (AGE)) and carbamylation (carbamyl-lysine) protein products in the saliva of old individuals. Oxidative modifications of lipids (4-hydroxynonenal) and nucleic acids (8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)) also increase with age. Salivary redox biomarkers correlate poorly with their plasma levels; however, salivary AGE and 8-OHdG generally reflect their blood concentrations. In the multivariate regression model, they are a predictor of aging and, in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, significantly differentiate children and adolescents (under 15 years old) from the working-age population (15–64 years) and the older people (65 years and older). Conclusion Salivary AGE and 8-OHdG have the most excellent diagnostic utility in assessing the aging process. Saliva can be used to evaluate the aging of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: Mateusz Maciejczyk, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, Bialystok, 15-233, Poland, Email
| | - Miłosz Nesterowicz
- Students Scientific Club “Biochemistry of Civilization Diseases” at the Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Julita Szulimowska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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9
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Kim BH, Woo TG, Kang SM, Park S, Park BJ. Splicing Variants, Protein-Protein Interactions, and Drug Targeting in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome and Small Cell Lung Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020165. [PMID: 35205210 PMCID: PMC8871687 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is a biological operation that enables a messenger RNA to encode protein variants (isoforms) that give one gene several functions or properties. This process provides one of the major sources of use for understanding the proteomic diversity of multicellular organisms. In combination with post-translational modifications, it contributes to generating a variety of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) that are essential to cellular homeostasis or proteostasis. However, cells exposed to many kinds of stresses (aging, genetic changes, carcinogens, etc.) sometimes derive cancer or disease onset from aberrant PPIs caused by DNA mutations. In this review, we summarize how splicing variants may form a neomorphic protein complex and cause diseases such as Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and we discuss how protein–protein interfaces obtained from the variants may represent efficient therapeutic target sites to treat HGPS and SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bae-Hoon Kim
- Rare Disease R&D Center, PRG S&T Co., Ltd., Busan 46241, Korea; (B.-H.K.); (T.-G.W.)
| | - Tae-Gyun Woo
- Rare Disease R&D Center, PRG S&T Co., Ltd., Busan 46241, Korea; (B.-H.K.); (T.-G.W.)
| | - So-Mi Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46274, Korea; (S.-M.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46274, Korea; (S.-M.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Bum-Joon Park
- Rare Disease R&D Center, PRG S&T Co., Ltd., Busan 46241, Korea; (B.-H.K.); (T.-G.W.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46274, Korea; (S.-M.K.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Ryan SM, Almassey M, Burch AM, Ngo G, Martin JM, Myers D, Compton D, Archie S, Cross M, Naeger L, Salzman A, Virola‐Iarussi A, Barbee SA, Mortimer NT, Sanyal S, Vrailas‐Mortimer AD. Drosophila p38 MAPK interacts with BAG-3/starvin to regulate age-dependent protein homeostasis. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13481. [PMID: 34674371 PMCID: PMC8590102 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As organisms age, they often accumulate protein aggregates that are thought to be toxic, potentially leading to age‐related diseases. This accumulation of protein aggregates is partially attributed to a failure to maintain protein homeostasis. A variety of genetic factors have been linked to longevity, but how these factors also contribute to protein homeostasis is not completely understood. In order to understand the relationship between aging and protein aggregation, we tested how a gene that regulates lifespan and age‐dependent locomotor behaviors, p38 MAPK (p38Kb), influences protein homeostasis as an organism ages. We find that p38Kb regulates age‐dependent protein aggregation through an interaction with starvin, a regulator of muscle protein homeostasis. Furthermore, we have identified Lamin as an age‐dependent target of p38Kb and starvin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Ryan
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Denver Denver CO USA
| | - Michael Almassey
- School of Biological Sciences Illinois State University Normal IL USA
| | | | - Gia Ngo
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Denver Denver CO USA
| | - Julia M. Martin
- School of Biological Sciences Illinois State University Normal IL USA
| | - David Myers
- School of Biological Sciences Illinois State University Normal IL USA
| | - Devin Compton
- School of Biological Sciences Illinois State University Normal IL USA
| | - Shira Archie
- School of Biological Sciences Illinois State University Normal IL USA
| | - Megan Cross
- School of Biological Sciences Illinois State University Normal IL USA
| | - Lauren Naeger
- School of Biological Sciences Illinois State University Normal IL USA
| | - Ashley Salzman
- School of Biological Sciences Illinois State University Normal IL USA
| | | | - Scott A. Barbee
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Denver Denver CO USA
| | | | - Subhabrata Sanyal
- Department of Cell Biology Emory University Atlanta GA USA
- Calico San Francisco CA USA
| | - Alysia D. Vrailas‐Mortimer
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Denver Denver CO USA
- School of Biological Sciences Illinois State University Normal IL USA
- Department of Cell Biology Emory University Atlanta GA USA
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11
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Ministrini S, Puspitasari YM, Beer G, Liberale L, Montecucco F, Camici GG. Sirtuin 1 in Endothelial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Aging. Front Physiol 2021; 12:733696. [PMID: 34690807 PMCID: PMC8527036 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.733696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a histone deacetylase belonging to the family of Sirtuins, a class of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent enzymes with multiple metabolic functions. SIRT1 localizes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and is implicated in the regulation of cell survival in response to several stimuli, including metabolic ones. The expression of SIRT1 is associated with lifespan and is reduced with aging both in animal models and in humans, where the lack of SIRT1 is regarded as a potential mediator of age-related cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we will summarize the extensive evidence linking SIRT1 functional and quantitative defects to cellular senescence and aging, with particular regard to their role in determining endothelial dysfunction and consequent cardiovascular diseases. Ultimately, we outline the translational perspectives for this topic, in order to highlight the missing evidence and the future research steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ministrini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Internal Medicine, Angiology and Atherosclerosis, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Georgia Beer
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Liberale
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Yang J, Xu H, Cai B, Wei J, Sun L, Li Y, Wang T, Li Y. Genetically Predicted Longer Telomere Length May Reduce Risk of Hip Osteoarthritis. Front Genet 2021; 12:718890. [PMID: 34675961 PMCID: PMC8523818 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.718890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study aimed to examine the potential causal association of telomere length (TL) with the risk of osteoarthritis (OA). Method: The summary-level data for OA was derived from the United Kingdom Biobank cohort, including 50,508 individuals of European descent. Eighteen single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with TL were identified as instrumental variables from the most up-to-date TL genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving over 78,592 individuals of European descent. Based on the GWASs data, MR was performed using established statistical analysis methods including the inverse variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier. Results: Genetically determined TL was not associated with the risk of total OA (IVW odds ratio [OR] = 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.83, 1.21). In subgroup analyses stratified by OA site, no evidence in favor of association between genetically determined TL and knee OA was found (IVW OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.89, 1.58). However, using WM method, we observed a limited protective effect of longer TL on the risk of hip OA (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.36–0.99), whereas the results of the IVW (p = 0.931) and MR-PRESSO (p = 0.932) showed that TL had no effect on hip OA. Conclusions: This study does not support a causal association between TL and total OA. A potential protective association between longer TL and hip OA, though possible, remains less certain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, China
| | - Huiqing Xu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingyue Cai
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahe Wei
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yasong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianle Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Li
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Morales-Valencia J, David G. The Contribution of Physiological and Accelerated Aging to Cancer Progression Through Senescence-Induced Inflammation. Front Oncol 2021; 11:747822. [PMID: 34621683 PMCID: PMC8490756 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.747822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells are found to accumulate in aged individuals, as well as in cancer patients that receive chemotherapeutic treatment. Although originally believed to halt cancer progression due to their characteristic growth arrest, senescent cells remain metabolically active and secrete a combination of inflammatory agents, growth factors and proteases, collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In this review, we discuss the contribution of senescent cells to cancer progression through their ability to alter cancer cells’ properties and to generate a microenvironment that promotes tumor growth. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that senescent cells are able resume proliferation and drive cancer relapse, pointing to the use of senolytics and SASP modulators as a potential approach to prevent tumor resurgence following treatment cessation. Thus, a better understanding of the hallmarks of senescence and the impact of the SASP will allow the development of improved targeted therapeutic strategies to leverage vulnerabilities associated with this cellular state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Morales-Valencia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gregory David
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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14
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Gete YG, Koblan LW, Mao X, Trappio M, Mahadik B, Fisher JP, Liu DR, Cao K. Mechanisms of angiogenic incompetence in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria via downregulation of endothelial NOS. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13388. [PMID: 34086398 PMCID: PMC8282277 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disorder with features of accelerated aging. The majority of HGPS cases are caused by a de novo point mutation in the LMNA gene (c.1824C>T; p.G608G) resulting in progerin, a toxic lamin A protein variant. Children with HGPS typically die from coronary artery diseases or strokes at an average age of 14.6 years. Endothelial dysfunction is a known driver of cardiovascular pathogenesis; however, it is currently unknown how progerin antagonizes normal angiogenic function in HGPS. Here, we use human iPSC‐derived endothelial cell (iPSC‐EC) models to study angiogenesis in HGPS. We cultured normal and HGPS iPSC‐ECs under both static and fluidic culture conditions. HGPS iPSC‐ECs show reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and activity compared with normal controls and concomitant decreases in intracellular nitric oxide (NO) level, which result in deficits in capillary‐like microvascular network formation. Furthermore, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9) was reduced in HGPS iPSC‐ECs, while the expression of tissue inhibitor metalloproteinases 1 and 2 (TIMP1 and TIMP2) was upregulated relative to healthy controls. Finally, we used an adenine base editor (ABE7.10max‐VRQR) to correct the pathogenic c.1824C>T allele in HGPS iPSC‐ECs. Remarkably, ABE7.10max‐VRQR correction of the HGPS mutation significantly reduced progerin expression to a basal level, rescued nuclear blebbing, increased intracellular NO level, normalized the misregulated TIMPs, and restored angiogenic competence in HGPS iPSC‐ECs. Together, these results provide molecular insights of endothelial dysfunction in HGPS and suggest that ABE could be a promising therapeutic approach for correcting HGPS‐related cardiovascular phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantenew G. Gete
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of Maryland College Park MD USA
| | - Luke W. Koblan
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Harvard University Cambridge MA USA
| | - Xiaojing Mao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of Maryland College Park MD USA
| | - Mason Trappio
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of Maryland College Park MD USA
| | - Bhushan Mahadik
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD USA
| | - John P. Fisher
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD USA
| | - David R. Liu
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Harvard University Cambridge MA USA
| | - Kan Cao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of Maryland College Park MD USA
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15
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Yegorov YE, Poznyak AV, Nikiforov NG, Starodubova AV, Orekhov AN. Role of Telomeres Shortening in Atherogenesis: An Overview. Cells 2021; 10:395. [PMID: 33671887 PMCID: PMC7918954 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that the shortening of the telomeres leads to cell senescence, accompanied by acquiring of pro-inflammatory phenotype. The expression of telomerase can elongate telomeres and resist the onset of senescence. The initiation of atherosclerosis is believed to be associated with local senescence of the endothelial cells of the arteries in places with either low or multidirectional oscillatory wall shear stress. The process of regeneration of the artery surface that has begun does not lead to success for several reasons. Atherosclerotic plaques are formed, which, when developed, lead to fatal consequences, which are the leading causes of death in the modern world. The pronounced age dependence of the manifestations of atherosclerosis pushes scientists to try to link the development of atherosclerosis with telomere length. The study of the role of telomere shortening in atherosclerosis is mainly limited to measuring the telomeres of blood cells, and only in rare cases (surgery or post-mortem examination) are the telomeres of local cells available for measurement. The review discusses the basic issues of cellular aging and the interpretation of telomere measurement data in atherosclerosis, as well as the prospects for the prevention and possible treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yegor E. Yegorov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Anastasia V. Poznyak
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 121609, Russia
| | - Nikita G. Nikiforov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125315, Russia;
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Moscow 121552, Russia
- Institute of Gene Biology, Center of Collective Usage, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Antonina V. Starodubova
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow 109240, Russia;
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 121609, Russia
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125315, Russia;
- Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow 117418, Russia
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16
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Progerinin, an optimized progerin-lamin A binding inhibitor, ameliorates premature senescence phenotypes of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Commun Biol 2021; 4:5. [PMID: 33398110 PMCID: PMC7782499 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01540-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work has revealed that progerin-lamin A binding inhibitor (JH4) can ameliorate pathological features of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) such as nuclear deformation, growth suppression in patient’s cells, and very short life span in an in vivo mouse model. Despite its favorable effects, JH4 is rapidly eliminated in in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis. Thus, we improved its property through chemical modification and obtained an optimized drug candidate, Progerinin (SLC-D011). This chemical can extend the life span of LmnaG609G/G609G mouse for about 10 weeks and increase its body weight. Progerinin can also extend the life span of LmnaG609G/+ mouse for about 14 weeks via oral administration, whereas treatment with lonafarnib (farnesyl-transferase inhibitor) can only extend the life span of LmnaG609G/+ mouse for about two weeks. In addition, progerinin can induce histological and physiological improvement in LmnaG609G/+ mouse. These results indicate that progerinin is a strong drug candidate for HGPS. Kang, Park and colleagues develop and demonstrate the effects of a new drug candidate for treatment of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome pathologies. Progerinin extends the life span of mice used to model this disease and induces histological and physiological improvements.
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17
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Blasiak J, Pawlowska E, Sobczuk A, Szczepanska J, Kaarniranta K. The Aging Stress Response and Its Implication for AMD Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228840. [PMID: 33266495 PMCID: PMC7700335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging induces several stress response pathways to counterbalance detrimental changes associated with this process. These pathways include nutrient signaling, proteostasis, mitochondrial quality control and DNA damage response. At the cellular level, these pathways are controlled by evolutionarily conserved signaling molecules, such as 5’AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and sirtuins, including SIRT1. Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), encoded by the PPARGC1A gene, playing an important role in antioxidant defense and mitochondrial biogenesis, may interact with these molecules influencing lifespan and general fitness. Perturbation in the aging stress response may lead to aging-related disorders, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the main reason for vision loss in the elderly. This is supported by studies showing an important role of disturbances in mitochondrial metabolism, DDR and autophagy in AMD pathogenesis. In addition, disturbed expression of PGC-1α was shown to associate with AMD. Therefore, the aging stress response may be critical for AMD pathogenesis, and further studies are needed to precisely determine mechanisms underlying its role in AMD. These studies can include research on retinal cells produced from pluripotent stem cells obtained from AMD donors with the mutations, either native or engineered, in the critical genes for the aging stress response, including AMPK, IGF1, MTOR, SIRT1 and PPARGC1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-426354334
| | - Elzbieta Pawlowska
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Sobczuk
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Szczepanska
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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18
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Venkataraman L, Fair SR, McElroy CA, Hester ME, Fu H. Modeling neurodegenerative diseases with cerebral organoids and other three-dimensional culture systems: focus on Alzheimer's disease. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 18:696-717. [PMID: 33180261 PMCID: PMC7658915 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington’s disease, are characterized by the progressive accumulation of abnormal proteinaceous assemblies in specific cell types and regions of the brain, leading to cellular dysfunction and brain damage. Although animal- and in vitro-based studies of NDs have provided the field with an extensive understanding of some of the mechanisms underlying these diseases, findings from these studies have not yielded substantial progress in identifying treatment options for patient populations. This necessitates the development of complementary model systems that are better suited to recapitulate human-specific features of ND pathogenesis. Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems, such as cerebral organoids generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells, hold significant potential to model NDs in a complex, tissue-like environment. In this review, we discuss the advantages of 3D culture systems and 3D modeling of NDs, especially AD and FTD. We also provide an overview of the challenges and limitations of the current 3D culture systems. Finally, we propose a few potential future directions in applying state-of-the-art technologies in 3D culture systems to understand the mechanisms of NDs and to accelerate drug discovery. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha Venkataraman
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 616 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Summer R Fair
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 575 Children's Crossroad, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Craig A McElroy
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark E Hester
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 616 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 575 Children's Crossroad, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Hongjun Fu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 616 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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19
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Karabağ C, Jones ML, Peddie CJ, Weston AE, Collinson LM, Reyes-Aldasoro CC. Semantic segmentation of HeLa cells: An objective comparison between one traditional algorithm and four deep-learning architectures. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230605. [PMID: 33006963 PMCID: PMC7531863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantitative study of cell morphology is of great importance as the structure and condition of cells and their structures can be related to conditions of health or disease. The first step towards that, is the accurate segmentation of cell structures. In this work, we compare five approaches, one traditional and four deep-learning, for the semantic segmentation of the nuclear envelope of cervical cancer cells commonly known as HeLa cells. Images of a HeLa cancer cell were semantically segmented with one traditional image-processing algorithm and four three deep learning architectures: VGG16, ResNet18, Inception-ResNet-v2, and U-Net. Three hundred slices, each 2000 × 2000 pixels, of a HeLa Cell were acquired with Serial Block Face Scanning Electron Microscopy. The first three deep learning architectures were pre-trained with ImageNet and then fine-tuned with transfer learning. The U-Net architecture was trained from scratch with 36, 000 training images and labels of size 128 × 128. The image-processing algorithm followed a pipeline of several traditional steps like edge detection, dilation and morphological operators. The algorithms were compared by measuring pixel-based segmentation accuracy and Jaccard index against a labelled ground truth. The results indicated a superior performance of the traditional algorithm (Accuracy = 99%, Jaccard = 93%) over the deep learning architectures: VGG16 (93%, 90%), ResNet18 (94%, 88%), Inception-ResNet-v2 (94%, 89%), and U-Net (92%, 56%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cefa Karabağ
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin L. Jones
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Peddie
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne E. Weston
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy M. Collinson
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Constantino Carlos Reyes-Aldasoro
- giCentre, Department of Computer Science, School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Xu Y, Li Z. CRISPR-Cas systems: Overview, innovations and applications in human disease research and gene therapy. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2401-2415. [PMID: 33005303 PMCID: PMC7508700 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome editing is the modification of genomic DNA at a specific target site in a wide variety of cell types and organisms, including insertion, deletion and replacement of DNA, resulting in inactivation of target genes, acquisition of novel genetic traits and correction of pathogenic gene mutations. Due to the advantages of simple design, low cost, high efficiency, good repeatability and short-cycle, CRISPR-Cas systems have become the most widely used genome editing technology in molecular biology laboratories all around the world. In this review, an overview of the CRISPR-Cas systems will be introduced, including the innovations, the applications in human disease research and gene therapy, as well as the challenges and opportunities that will be faced in the practical application of CRISPR-Cas systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhanjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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21
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Hendrickx DM, Glaab E. Comparative transcriptome analysis of Parkinson's disease and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome reveals shared susceptible cellular network processes. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:114. [PMID: 32811487 PMCID: PMC7437934 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00761-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) are two heterogeneous disorders, which both display molecular and clinical alterations associated with the aging process. However, similarities and differences between molecular changes in these two disorders have not yet been investigated systematically at the level of individual biomolecules and shared molecular network alterations. METHODS Here, we perform a comparative meta-analysis and network analysis of human transcriptomics data from case-control studies for both diseases to investigate common susceptibility genes and sub-networks in PD and HGPS. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and primary melanoma (PM) were included as controls to confirm that the identified overlapping susceptibility genes for PD and HGPS are non-generic. RESULTS We find statistically significant, overlapping genes and cellular processes with significant alterations in both diseases. Interestingly, the majority of these shared affected genes display changes with opposite directionality, indicating that shared susceptible cellular processes undergo different mechanistic changes in PD and HGPS. A complementary regulatory network analysis also reveals that the altered genes in PD and HGPS both contain targets controlled by the upstream regulator CDC5L. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our analyses reveal a significant overlap of affected cellular processes and molecular sub-networks in PD and HGPS, including changes in aging-related processes that may reflect key susceptibility factors associated with age-related risk for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Hendrickx
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, Belvaux, L- 4367 Luxembourg
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, Belvaux, L- 4367 Luxembourg
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22
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Topart C, Werner E, Arimondo PB. Wandering along the epigenetic timeline. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:97. [PMID: 32616071 PMCID: PMC7330981 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing life expectancy but also healthspan seems inaccessible as of yet but it may become a reality in the foreseeable future. To extend lifespan, it is essential to unveil molecular mechanisms involved in ageing. As for healthspan, a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in age-related pathologies is crucial. MAIN BODY We focus on the epigenetic side of ageing as ageing is traced by specific epigenetic patterns and can be measured by epigenetic clocks. We discuss to what extent exposure to environmental factor, such as alcohol use, unhealthy diet, tobacco and stress, promotes age-related conditions. We focused on inflammation, cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we discuss strategies to reverse time based on epigenetic reprogramming. CONCLUSIONS Reversibility of the epigenetic marks makes them promising targets for rejuvenation. For this purpose, a better understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying ageing is essential. Epigenetic clocks were successfully designed to monitor these mechanisms and the influence of environmental factors. Further studies on age-related diseases should be conducted to determine their epigenetic signature, but also to pinpoint the defect in the epigenetic machinery and thereby identify potential therapeutic targets. As for rejuvenation, epigenetic reprogramming is still at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Topart
- Department of Chemistry, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, 60 Rue Mazarine, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Werner
- Department of Chemistry, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, 60 Rue Mazarine, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Paola B Arimondo
- EpiCBio, Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Department Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR n°3523, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
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23
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Lai W, Wong W. Progress and trends in the development of therapies for Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13175. [PMID: 32596971 PMCID: PMC7370734 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is an autosomal-dominant genetic disease that leads to accelerated aging and often premature death caused by cardiovascular complications. Till now clinical management of HGPS has largely relied on the treatment of manifestations and on the prevention of secondary complications, cure for the disease has not yet been established. Addressing this need cannot only benefit progeria patients but may also provide insights into intervention design for combating physiological aging. By using the systematic review approach, this article revisits the overall progress in the development of strategies for HGPS treatment over the last ten years, from 2010 to 2019. In total, 1,906 articles have been retrieved, of which 56 studies have been included for further analysis. Based on the articles analyzed, the trends in the use of different HGPS models, along with the prevalence, efficiency, and limitations of different reported treatment strategies, have been examined. Emerging strategies for preclinical studies, and possible targets for intervention development, have also been presented as avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing‐Fu Lai
- School of Life and Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) Shenzhen China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Wing‐Tak Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
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24
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Cohen IR, Marron A. The evolution of universal adaptations of life is driven by universal properties of matter: energy, entropy, and interaction. F1000Res 2020; 9:626. [PMID: 32802320 PMCID: PMC7416572 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.24447.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of multicellular eukaryotes expresses two sorts of adaptations: local adaptations like fur or feathers, which characterize species in particular environments, and universal adaptations like microbiomes or sexual reproduction, which characterize most multicellulars in any environment. We reason that the mechanisms driving the universal adaptations of multicellulars should themselves be universal, and propose a mechanism based on properties of matter and systems: energy, entropy, and interaction. Energy from the sun, earth and beyond creates new arrangements and interactions. Metabolic networks channel some of this energy to form cooperating, interactive arrangements. Entropy, used here as a term for all forces that dismantle ordered structures (rather than as a physical quantity), acts as a selective force. Entropy selects for arrangements that resist it long enough to replicate, and dismantles those that do not. Interactions, energy-charged and dynamic, restrain entropy and enable survival and propagation of integrated living systems. This fosters survival-of-the-fitted - those entities that resist entropic destruction - and not only of the fittest - the entities with the greatest reproductive success. The "unit" of evolution is not a discrete entity, such as a gene, individual, or species; what evolves are collections of related interactions at multiple scales. Survival-of-the-fitted explains universal adaptations, including resident microbiomes, sexual reproduction, continuous diversification, programmed turnover, seemingly wasteful phenotypes, altruism, co-evolving environmental niches, and advancing complexity. Indeed survival-of-the-fittest may be a particular case of the survival-of-the-fitted mechanism, promoting local adaptations that express reproductive advantages in addition to resisting entropy. Survival-of-the-fitted accounts for phenomena that have been attributed to neutral evolution: in the face of entropy, there is no neutrality; all variations are challenged by ubiquitous energy and entropy, retaining those that are "fit enough". We propose experiments to test predictions of the survival-of-the-fitted theory, and discuss implications for the wellbeing of humans and the biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irun R. Cohen
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Assaf Marron
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Cohen IR, Marron A. The evolution of universal adaptations of life is driven by universal properties of matter: energy, entropy, and interaction. F1000Res 2020; 9:626. [PMID: 32802320 PMCID: PMC7416572 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.24447.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of multicellular eukaryotes expresses two sorts of adaptations: local adaptations like fur or feathers, which characterize species in particular environments, and universal adaptations like microbiomes or sexual reproduction, which characterize most multicellulars in any environment. We reason that the mechanisms driving the universal adaptations of multicellulars should themselves be universal, and propose a mechanism based on properties of matter and systems: energy, entropy, and interaction. Energy from the sun, earth and beyond creates new arrangements and interactions. Metabolic networks channel some of this energy to form cooperating, interactive arrangements. Entropy, used here as a term for all forces that dismantle ordered structures (rather than as a physical quantity), acts as a selective force. Entropy selects for arrangements that resist it long enough to replicate, and dismantles those that do not. Interactions, energy-charged and dynamic, restrain entropy and enable survival and propagation of integrated living systems. This fosters survival-of-the-fitted - those entities that resist entropic destruction - and not only of the fittest - the entities with the greatest reproductive success. The "unit" of evolution is not a discrete entity, such as a gene, individual, or species; what evolves are collections of related interactions at multiple scales. Survival-of-the-fitted explains universal adaptations, including resident microbiomes, sexual reproduction, continuous diversification, programmed turnover, seemingly wasteful phenotypes, altruism, co-evolving environmental niches, and advancing complexity. Indeed survival-of-the-fittest may be a particular case of the survival-of-the-fitted mechanism, promoting local adaptations that express reproductive advantages in addition to resisting entropy. Survival-of-the-fitted accounts for phenomena that have been attributed to neutral evolution: in the face of entropy, there is no neutrality; all variations are challenged by ubiquitous energy and entropy, retaining those that are "fit enough". We propose experiments to test predictions of the survival-of-the-fitted theory, and discuss implications for the wellbeing of humans and the biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irun R. Cohen
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Assaf Marron
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Cohen IR, Marron A. The evolution of universal adaptations of life is driven by universal properties of matter: energy, entropy, and interaction. F1000Res 2020; 9:626. [PMID: 32802320 PMCID: PMC7416572 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.24447.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of multicellular eukaryotes expresses two sorts of adaptations: local adaptations like fur or feathers, which characterize species in particular environments, and universal adaptations like microbiomes or sexual reproduction, which characterize most multicellulars in any environment. We reason that the mechanisms driving the universal adaptations of multicellulars should themselves be universal, and propose a mechanism based on properties of matter and systems: energy, entropy, and interaction. Energy from the sun, earth and beyond creates new arrangements and interactions. Metabolic networks channel some of this energy to form cooperating, interactive arrangements. Entropy, used here as a term for all forces that dismantle ordered structures (rather than as a physical quantity), acts as a selective force. Entropy selects for arrangements that resist it long enough to replicate, and dismantles those that do not. Interactions, energy-charged and dynamic, restrain entropy and enable survival and propagation of integrated living systems. This fosters survival-of-the-fitted - those entities that resist entropic destruction - and not only of the fittest - the entities with the greatest reproductive success. The "unit" of evolution is not a discrete entity, such as a gene, individual, or species; what evolves are collections of related interactions at multiple scales. Survival-of-the-fitted explains universal adaptations, including resident microbiomes, sexual reproduction, continuous diversification, programmed turnover, seemingly wasteful phenotypes, altruism, co-evolving environmental niches, and advancing complexity. Indeed survival-of-the-fittest may be a particular case of the survival-of-the-fitted mechanism, promoting local adaptations that express reproductive advantages in addition to resisting entropy. Survival-of-the-fitted accounts for phenomena that have been attributed to neutral evolution: in the face of entropy, there is no neutrality; all variations are challenged by ubiquitous energy and entropy, retaining those that are "fit enough". We propose experiments to test predictions of the survival-of-the-fitted theory, and discuss implications for the wellbeing of humans and the biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irun R. Cohen
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Assaf Marron
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Hu XT, Song HC, Yu H, Wu ZC, Liu XG, Chen WC. Overexpression of Progerin Results in Impaired Proliferation and Invasion of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:2629-2642. [PMID: 32280239 PMCID: PMC7127879 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s237016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The accumulation of progerin (PG) in patients is responsible for the pathogenesis of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) because it triggers accelerated aging of cells. However, there are few studies on the effects of progerin on tumor cells. Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers with high global morbidity and mortality rates; non-small cell lung cancer accounts for the majority of cases. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of progerin on A549 cell proliferation, cell cycle, invasion, migration, sensitivity to DNA damaging agents, senescence and apoptosis with a goal of exploring new ideas for lung cancer treatment. Methods A549 cells overexpressing progerin (A549-PG) and a corresponding blank control (A549-GFP) were constructed by lentiviral infection. A nuclear staining assay was utilized to detect abnormal nuclear morphology. The proliferation, cell cycle, colony formation, invasion and migration abilities of A549-PG were compared with those of A549-GFP via EdU assays, flow cytometry, colony formation experiments, and Matrigel invasion and migration assays, respectively. SA‐β‐gal staining was used to measure senescence in cells. Results The expression of progerin was significantly higher in A549-PG than A549-GFP. About 20% of A549-PG possessed abnormal nuclei. Overexpression of progerin in A549 cells inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and associated proteins (CDK4, pRB, ANLN, MMP7 and MMP9) were downregulated. DNA damage repair was also impaired. Progerin did not cause cells to senesce, and there was no difference in apoptosis. Conclusion A549-PG generated some cellular changes, including the nuclear skeleton, the cell cycle, DNA damage repair, and migration and invasion abilities. Our data indicate that progerin could cause an imbalance in the steady state in A549 cells and increase their sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Chang Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zu-Chun Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Guang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Chun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
The past two centuries have witnessed an unprecedented rise in human life expectancy. Sustaining longer lives with reduced periods of disability will require an understanding of the underlying mechanisms of ageing, and genetics is a powerful tool for identifying these mechanisms. Large-scale genome-wide association studies have recently identified many loci that influence key human ageing traits, including lifespan. Multi-trait loci have been linked with several age-related diseases, suggesting shared ageing influences. Mutations that drive accelerated ageing in prototypical progeria syndromes in humans point to an important role for genome maintenance and stability. Together, these different strands of genetic research are highlighting pathways for the discovery of anti-ageing interventions that may be applicable in humans.
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Huguet F, Flynn S, Vagnarelli P. The Role of Phosphatases in Nuclear Envelope Disassembly and Reassembly and Their Relevance to Pathologies. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070687. [PMID: 31284660 PMCID: PMC6678589 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of kinases in the regulation of cell cycle transitions is very well established, however, over the past decade, studies have identified the ever-growing importance of phosphatases in these processes. It is well-known that an intact or otherwise non-deformed nuclear envelope (NE) is essential for maintaining healthy cells and any deviation from this can result in pathological conditions. This review aims at assessing the current understanding of how phosphatases contribute to the remodelling of the nuclear envelope during its disassembling and reformation after cell division and how errors in this process may lead to the development of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentin Huguet
- College of Health and Life Science, Research Institute for Environment Health and Society, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Shane Flynn
- College of Health and Life Science, Research Institute for Environment Health and Society, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Paola Vagnarelli
- College of Health and Life Science, Research Institute for Environment Health and Society, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK.
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Messner M, Ghadge SK, Schuetz T, Seiringer H, Pölzl G, Zaruba MM. High Body Mass Index is Associated with Elevated Blood Levels of Progerin mRNA. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081976. [PMID: 31018503 PMCID: PMC6515652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a well-described risk factor resulting in premature aging of the cardiovascular system ultimately limiting longevity. Premature cardiac death and aging is the hallmark of Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome (HGPS), a disease caused by defined mutations in the lamin A gene leading to a shortened prelamin A protein known as progerin. Since small amounts of progerin are expressed in healthy individuals we aimed to investigate the association of Body-Mass-Index (BMI) with respect to expression of progerin mRNA in blood samples of patient with known cardiovascular disease. In this cross-sectional retrospective analysis, 111 patients were consecutively included of which 46 were normal (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and 65 overweight (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2). Blood samples were analyzed for quantitative expression of progerin mRNA. Progerin as well as high-sensitive C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) levels were significantly upregulated in the overweight group. Linear regression analyses showed a significant positive correlation of BMI and progerin mRNA (n = 111; r = 0.265, p = 0.005), as well as for hs-CRP (n = 110; r = 0.300, p = 0.001) and for Hb1Ac (n = 110; r = 0.336, p = 0.0003). Our data suggest that BMI strongly correlates with progerin mRNA expression and inflammation. Progerin might contribute to well described accelerated biologic aging in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Messner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Santhosh Kumar Ghadge
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Thomas Schuetz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Herbert Seiringer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Gerhard Pölzl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Marc-Michael Zaruba
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Beyret E, Liao HK, Yamamoto M, Hernandez-Benitez R, Fu Y, Erikson G, Reddy P, Izpisua Belmonte JC. Single-dose CRISPR-Cas9 therapy extends lifespan of mice with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Nat Med 2019; 25:419-422. [PMID: 30778240 PMCID: PMC6541418 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare lethal genetic disorder characterized by symptoms reminiscent of accelerated aging. The major underlying genetic cause is a substitution mutation in the gene coding for lamin A, causing the production of a toxic isoform called progerin. Here we show that reduction of lamin A/progerin by a single-dose systemic administration of adeno-associated virus-delivered CRISPR-Cas9 components suppresses HGPS in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ergin Beyret
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hsin-Kai Liao
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mako Yamamoto
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Yunpeng Fu
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Galina Erikson
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pradeep Reddy
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
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von Kobbe C. Cellular senescence: a view throughout organismal life. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3553-3567. [PMID: 30030594 PMCID: PMC11105332 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2879-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is the final fate of most cells in response to specific stimuli, but is not the end. Indeed, it is the beginning of a singular life, with multiple side roads leading to diverse effects on the organism. Many studies have been done in the last few years to elucidate the intriguing role of senescent cells in the organism, demonstrating them as the cause of several age-related diseases. However, these cells are also positively implicated in other important pathways, such as embryogenesis and wound healing. It appears that the multiple effects are time-dependent: long-term senescence is mostly implicated in chronic inflammation and disease, whereas in the short term, senescent cells seem to be beneficial, being rapidly targeted by the innate immune system. The influence of senescent cells on their neighbors by paracrine factors, differential activity depending on developmental stage, and duration of the effects make the cellular senescent program a unique spatial-temporal mechanism. During pathological conditions such as progeroid syndromes, this mechanism is deregulated, leading to accelerated onset of some aging-related diseases and a shorter lifespan, among other physiological defects. Here, we review the three primary cell senescence programs described so far (replicative, stress-induced, and developmentally programmed senescence), their onset during development, and their potential roles in diseases with premature aging. Finally, we discuss the role of immune cells in keeping senescence burden below the threshold of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cayetano von Kobbe
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Dmitrijeva M, Ossowski S, Serrano L, Schaefer MH. Tissue-specific DNA methylation loss during ageing and carcinogenesis is linked to chromosome structure, replication timing and cell division rates. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:7022-7039. [PMID: 29893918 PMCID: PMC6101545 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism known to affect gene expression and aberrant DNA methylation patterns have been described in cancer. However, only a small fraction of differential methylation events target genes with a defined role in cancer, raising the question of how aberrant DNA methylation contributes to carcinogenesis. As recently a link has been suggested between methylation patterns arising in ageing and those arising in cancer, we asked which aberrations are unique to cancer and which are the product of normal ageing processes. We therefore compared the methylation patterns between ageing and cancer in multiple tissues. We observed that hypermethylation preferentially occurs in regulatory elements, while hypomethylation is associated with structural features of the chromatin. Specifically, we observed consistent hypomethylation of late-replicating, lamina-associated domains. The extent of hypomethylation was stronger in cancer, but in both ageing and cancer it was proportional to the replication timing of the region and the cell division rate of the tissue. Moreover, cancer patients who displayed more hypomethylation in late-replicating, lamina-associated domains had higher expression of cell division genes. These findings suggest that different cell division rates contribute to tissue- and cancer type-specific DNA methylation profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Dmitrijeva
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Stephan Ossowski
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luis Serrano
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Martin H Schaefer
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
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The potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells for modelling diabetic wound healing in vitro. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1629-1643. [PMID: 30108152 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing and ulceration caused by diabetes mellitus, is a significant healthcare burden, markedly impairs quality of life for patients, and is the major cause of amputation worldwide. Current experimental approaches used to investigate the complex wound healing process often involve cultures of fibroblasts and/or keratinocytes in vitro, which can be limited in terms of complexity and capacity, or utilisation of rodent models in which the mechanisms of wound repair differ substantively from that in humans. However, advances in tissue engineering, and the discovery of strategies to reprogramme adult somatic cells to pluripotency, has led to the possibility of developing models of human skin on a large scale. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from tissues donated by diabetic patients allows the (epi)genetic background of this disease to be studied, and the ability to differentiate iPSCs to multiple cell types found within skin may facilitate the development of more complex skin models; these advances offer key opportunities for improving modelling of wound healing in diabetes, and the development of effective therapeutics for treatment of chronic wounds.
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Bikkul MU, Clements CS, Godwin LS, Goldberg MW, Kill IR, Bridger JM. Farnesyltransferase inhibitor and rapamycin correct aberrant genome organisation and decrease DNA damage respectively, in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome fibroblasts. Biogerontology 2018; 19:579-602. [PMID: 29907918 PMCID: PMC6223735 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9758-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare and fatal premature ageing disease in children. HGPS is one of several progeroid syndromes caused by mutations in the LMNA gene encoding the nuclear structural proteins lamins A and C. In classic HGPS the mutation G608G leads to the formation of a toxic lamin A protein called progerin. During post-translational processing progerin remains farnesylated owing to the mutation interfering with a step whereby the farnesyl moiety is removed by the enzyme ZMPSTE24. Permanent farnesylation of progerin is thought to be responsible for the proteins toxicity. Farnesyl is generated through the mevalonate pathway and three drugs that interfere with this pathway and hence the farnesylation of proteins have been administered to HGPS children in clinical trials. These are a farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI), statin and a bisphosphonate. Further experimental studies have revealed that other drugs such as N-acetyl cysteine, rapamycin and IGF-1 may be of use in treating HGPS through other pathways. We have shown previously that FTIs restore chromosome positioning in interphase HGPS nuclei. Mis-localisation of chromosomes could affect the cells ability to regulate proper genome function. Using nine different drug treatments representing drug regimes in the clinic we have shown that combinatorial treatments containing FTIs are most effective in restoring specific chromosome positioning towards the nuclear periphery and in tethering telomeres to the nucleoskeleton. On the other hand, rapamycin was found to be detrimental to telomere tethering, it was, nonetheless, the most effective at inducing DNA damage repair, as revealed by COMET analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet U Bikkul
- Progeria Research Team, Healthy Ageing Theme, Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Craig S Clements
- Progeria Research Team, Healthy Ageing Theme, Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Lauren S Godwin
- Progeria Research Team, Healthy Ageing Theme, Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Martin W Goldberg
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Ian R Kill
- Progeria Research Team, Healthy Ageing Theme, Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Joanna M Bridger
- Progeria Research Team, Healthy Ageing Theme, Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.
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36
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Bhide S, Trujillo AS, O'Connor MT, Young GH, Cryderman DE, Chandran S, Nikravesh M, Wallrath LL, Melkani GC. Increasing autophagy and blocking Nrf2 suppress laminopathy-induced age-dependent cardiac dysfunction and shortened lifespan. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12747. [PMID: 29575479 PMCID: PMC5946079 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human LMNA gene cause a collection of diseases known as laminopathies. These include myocardial diseases that exhibit age-dependent penetrance of dysrhythmias and heart failure. The LMNA gene encodes A-type lamins, intermediate filaments that support nuclear structure and organize the genome. Mechanisms by which mutant lamins cause age-dependent heart defects are not well understood. To address this issue, we modeled human disease-causing mutations in the Drosophila melanogaster Lamin C gene and expressed mutant Lamin C exclusively in the heart. This resulted in progressive cardiac dysfunction, loss of adipose tissue homeostasis, and a shortened adult lifespan. Within cardiac cells, mutant Lamin C aggregated in the cytoplasm, the CncC(Nrf2)/Keap1 redox sensing pathway was activated, mitochondria exhibited abnormal morphology, and the autophagy cargo receptor Ref2(P)/p62 was upregulated. Genetic analyses demonstrated that simultaneous over-expression of the autophagy kinase Atg1 gene and an RNAi against CncC eliminated the cytoplasmic protein aggregates, restored cardiac function, and lengthened lifespan. These data suggest that simultaneously increasing rates of autophagy and blocking the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway are a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiac laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Bhide
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology and Heart Institutes; San Diego State University; San Diego CA USA
| | - Adriana S. Trujillo
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology and Heart Institutes; San Diego State University; San Diego CA USA
| | - Maureen T. O'Connor
- Department of Biochemistry; Carver College of Medicine; University of Iowa; Iowa City IA USA
| | - Grant H. Young
- Department of Biochemistry; Carver College of Medicine; University of Iowa; Iowa City IA USA
| | - Diane E. Cryderman
- Department of Biochemistry; Carver College of Medicine; University of Iowa; Iowa City IA USA
| | - Sahaana Chandran
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology and Heart Institutes; San Diego State University; San Diego CA USA
| | - Mastaneh Nikravesh
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology and Heart Institutes; San Diego State University; San Diego CA USA
| | - Lori L. Wallrath
- Department of Biochemistry; Carver College of Medicine; University of Iowa; Iowa City IA USA
| | - Girish C. Melkani
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology and Heart Institutes; San Diego State University; San Diego CA USA
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Passarelli PC, Pasquantonio G, Manicone PF, Cerroni L, Condo’ R, Mancini M, D’Addona A. Orofacial signs and dental abnormalities in patients with Mulvihill-Smith syndrome: A literature review on this rare progeroid pathology. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e0656. [PMID: 29718885 PMCID: PMC6392951 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mulvihill-Smith syndrome is a rare sporadic condition that was first recognized in 1975. A total of 11 cases have been described in the literature. The aim of this study was to describe the orofacial signs and dental anomalies, their frequency, and the relationship between Mulvihill-Smith syndrome and other progeroid syndromes via a review of the literature. METHODS A systematic PubMed search was performed to retrieve articles published between 1975 and the present day that described patients affected by Mulvihill-Smith syndrome. The search identified 14 articles, and data on 11 patients were extracted from the selected articles. RESULTS A total of 7 patients (63.6%) affected by Mulvihill-Smith syndrome were described as having a typical "bird" face. Dental abnormalities, including irregular shape, enamel defects, hypodontia, and taurodontism, were described in 6 patients (54.5%). All patients (100%) had multiple pigmented nevi on the face and a lack or thinning of subcutaneous tissue around the neck and face. Three patients with Mulvihill-Smith syndrome exhibited early onset of tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, including the tongue. CONCLUSION Mulvihill-Smith syndrome is a clinically complex disease that may be caused by a single gene mutation. Numerous different tissues of the body are affected. This analysis of the orofacial signs may help clinicians to diagnose this rare pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Carmine Passarelli
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart of Rome, Gemelli Hospital
| | - Guido Pasquantonio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Francesco Manicone
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart of Rome, Gemelli Hospital
| | - Loredana Cerroni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Condo’
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuele Mancini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio D’Addona
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart of Rome, Gemelli Hospital
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