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Carata E, Muci M, Mariano S, Di Giulio S, Nigro A, Romano A, Panzarini E. Extracellular Vesicles from NSC-34 MN-like Cells Transfected with Mutant SOD1 Modulate Inflammatory Status of Raw 264.7 Macrophages. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:735. [PMID: 38927671 PMCID: PMC11202944 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease targeting the brain and spinal cord. Non-neuronal cells, including macrophages, may contribute to the disruption of motor neurons (MNs), neuromuscular junction dismantling and clinical signs of ALS. Understanding the modality and the effect of MNs-macrophage communication is pivotal. Here, we focus on extracellular vesicle (EVS)-mediated communication and, in particular, we analyze the response of macrophages. NSC-34 cells transfected with mutant SOD1 (G93A, A4V, G85R, G37R) and differentiated towards MN-like cells, and Raw 264.7 macrophages are the cellular models of the study. mSOD1 NSC-34 cells release a high number of vesicles, both large-lEVs (300 nm diameter) and small-sEVs (90 nm diameter), containing inflammation-modulating molecules, and are efficiently taken up by macrophages. RT-PCR analysis of inflammation mediators demonstrated that the conditioned medium of mSOD1 NSC-34 cells polarizes Raw 264.7 macrophages towards both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes. sEVs act on macrophages in a time-dependent manner: an anti-inflammatory response mediated by TGFβ firstly starts (12 h); successively, the response shifts towards a pro-inflammation IL-1β-mediated (48 h). The response of macrophages is strictly dependent on the SOD1 mutation type. The results suggest that EVs impact physiological and behavioral macrophage processes and are of potential relevance to MN degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Carata
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.C.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Marco Muci
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.C.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Stefania Mariano
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.C.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Simona Di Giulio
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.C.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Annamaria Nigro
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, 20132 Milan, Italy; (A.N.); (A.R.)
| | - Alessandro Romano
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, 20132 Milan, Italy; (A.N.); (A.R.)
| | - Elisa Panzarini
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.C.); (M.M.); (S.M.); (S.D.G.)
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2
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Xiong W, Lu L, Li J. Long non-coding RNAs with essential roles in neurodegenerative disorders. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1212-1220. [PMID: 37905867 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Recently, with the advent of high-resolution and high-throughput sequencing technologies, an increasing number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to be involved in the regulation of neuronal function in the central nervous system with specific spatiotemporal patterns, across different neurodegenerative diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs during neurodegeneration remain poorly understood. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the biology of lncRNAs and focuses on introducing the latest identified roles, regulatory mechanisms, and research status of lncRNAs in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Finally, this review discusses the potential values of lncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases, hoping to provide broader implications for developing effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandi Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
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3
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Milani M, Della Valle I, Rossi S, Fabbrizio P, Margotta C, Nardo G, Cozzolino M, D'Ambrosi N, Apolloni S. Neuroprotective effects of niclosamide on disease progression via inflammatory pathways modulation in SOD1-G93A and FUS-associated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis models. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00346. [PMID: 38493058 PMCID: PMC11070272 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex neurodegenerative disease influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, resulting in dysfunction in cellular and molecular pathways. The limited efficacy of current treatments highlights the need for combination therapies targeting multiple aspects of the disease. Niclosamide, an anthelminthic drug listed as an essential medicine, has been repurposed in clinical trials for different diseases due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. Niclosamide can inhibit various molecular pathways (e.g., STAT3, mTOR) that are dysregulated in ALS, suggesting its potential to disrupt these altered mechanisms associated with the pathology. We administered niclosamide intraperitoneally to two transgenic murine models, SOD1-G93A and FUS mice, mimicking key pathological processes of ALS. The treatment was initiated at the onset of symptoms, and we assessed disease progression by neurological scores, rotarod and wire tests, and monitored survival. Furthermore, we investigated cellular and molecular mechanisms affected by niclosamide in the spinal cord and muscle of ALS mice. In both models, the administration of niclosamide resulted in a slowdown of disease progression, an increase in survival rates, and an improvement in tissue pathology. This was characterised by reduced gliosis, motor neuron loss, muscle atrophy, and inflammatory pathways. Based on these results, our findings demonstrate that niclosamide can impact multiple pathways involved in ALS. This multi-targeted approach leads to a slowdown in the progression of the disease, positioning niclosamide as a promising candidate for repurposing in the treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Milani
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Della Valle
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Rossi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Fabbrizio
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Cassandra Margotta
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nardo
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Cozzolino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia D'Ambrosi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Savina Apolloni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy.
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4
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Berthiaume AA, Reda SM, Kleist KN, Setti SE, Wu W, Johnston JL, Taylor RW, Stein LR, Moebius HJ, Church KJ. ATH-1105, a small-molecule positive modulator of the neurotrophic HGF system, is neuroprotective, preserves neuromotor function, and extends survival in preclinical models of ALS. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1348157. [PMID: 38389786 PMCID: PMC10881713 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1348157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder, primarily affects the motor neurons of the brain and spinal cord. Like other neurodegenerative conditions, ongoing pathological processes such as increased inflammation, excitotoxicity, and protein accumulation contribute to neuronal death. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling through the MET receptor promotes pro-survival, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects in multiple cell types, including the neurons and support cells of the nervous system. This pleiotropic system is therefore a potential therapeutic target for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as ALS. Here, we test the effects of ATH-1105, a small-molecule positive modulator of the HGF signaling system, in preclinical models of ALS. Methods In vitro, the impact of ATH-1105 on HGF-mediated signaling was assessed via phosphorylation assays for MET, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B (AKT). Neuroprotective effects of ATH-1105 were evaluated in rat primary neuron models including spinal motor neurons, motor neuron-astrocyte cocultures, and motor neuron-human muscle cocultures. The anti-inflammatory effects of ATH-1105 were evaluated in microglia- and macrophage-like cell systems exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In vivo, the impact of daily oral treatment with ATH-1105 was evaluated in Prp-TDP43A315T hemizygous transgenic ALS mice. Results In vitro, ATH-1105 augmented phosphorylation of MET, ERK, and AKT. ATH-1105 attenuated glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity in primary motor neurons and motor neuron- astrocyte cocultures, and had protective effects on motor neurons and neuromuscular junctions in motor neuron-muscle cocultures. ATH-1105 mitigated LPS-induced inflammation in microglia- and macrophage-like cell systems. In vivo, ATH-1105 treatment resulted in improved motor and nerve function, sciatic nerve axon and myelin integrity, and survival in ALS mice. Treatment with ATH-1105 also led to reductions in levels of plasma biomarkers of inflammation and neurodegeneration, along with decreased pathological protein accumulation (phospho-TDP-43) in the sciatic nerve. Additionally, both early intervention (treatment initiation at 1 month of age) and delayed intervention (treatment initiation at 2 months of age) with ATH-1105 produced benefits in this preclinical model of ALS. Discussion The consistent neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects demonstrated by ATH-1105 preclinically provide a compelling rationale for therapeutic interventions that leverage the positive modulation of the HGF pathway as a treatment for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wei Wu
- Athira Pharma, Inc., Bothell, WA, United States
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5
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Yuan Y, Bailey JM, Rivera-Lopez GM, Atchison WD. Preferential potentiation of AMPA-mediated currents in brainstem hypoglossal motoneurons by subchronic exposure of mice expressing the human superoxide dismutase 1 G93A gene mutation to neurotoxicant methylmercury in vivo. Neurotoxicology 2024; 100:72-84. [PMID: 38065418 PMCID: PMC10877233 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The exact causes of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive and fatal neurological disorder due to loss of upper and/or lower motoneurons, remain elusive. Gene-environment interactions are believed to be an important factor in the development of ALS. We previously showed that in vivo exposure of mice overexpressing the human superoxide dismutase 1 (hSOD1) gene mutation (hSOD1G93A; G93A), a mouse model for ALS, to environmental neurotoxicant methylmercury (MeHg) accelerated the onset of ALS-like phenotype. Here we examined the time-course of effects of MeHg on AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-mediated currents in hypoglossal motoneurons in brainstem slices prepared from G93A, hSOD1wild-type (hWT) and non-carrier WT mice following in vivo exposure to MeHg. Mice were exposed daily to 3 ppm (approximately 0.7 mg/kg/day) MeHg via drinking water beginning at postnatal day 28 (P28) and continued until P47, 64 or 84, then acute brainstem slices were prepared, and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) or AMPA-evoked currents were examined using whole cell patch-clamp recording technique. Brainstem slices of untreated littermates were prepared at the same time points to serve as control. MeHg exposure had no significant effect on either sEPSCs or AMPA-evoked currents in slices from hWT or WT mice during any of those exposure time periods under our experimental conditions. MeHg also did not cause any significant effect on sEPSCs or AMPA-currents in G93A hypoglossal motoneurons at P47 and P64. However, at P84, MeHg significantly increased amplitudes of both sEPSCs and AMPA-evoked currents in hypoglossal motineurons from G93A mice (p < 0.05), but not the sEPSC frequency, suggesting a postsynaptic action on AMPARs. MeHg exposure did not cause any significant effect on GABAergic spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs). Therefore, MeHg exposure in vivo caused differential effects on AMPARs in hypoglossal motoneurons from mice with different genetic backgrounds. MeHg appears to preferentially stimulate the AMPAR-mediated currents in G93A hypoglossal motoneurons in an exposure time-dependent manner, which may contribute to the AMPAR-mediated motoneuron excitotoxicity, thereby facilitating development of ALS-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, Michigan State University, Life Sciences Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824-1317, USA.
| | - Jordan M Bailey
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, Michigan State University, Life Sciences Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824-1317, USA
| | - Gretchen M Rivera-Lopez
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, Michigan State University, Life Sciences Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824-1317, USA
| | - William D Atchison
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, Michigan State University, Life Sciences Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824-1317, USA
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6
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Lunghi G, Di Biase E, Carsana EV, Henriques A, Callizot N, Mauri L, Ciampa MG, Mari L, Loberto N, Aureli M, Sonnino S, Spedding M, Chiricozzi E, Fazzari M. GM1 ganglioside exerts protective effects against glutamate-excitotoxicity via its oligosaccharide in wild-type and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor neurons. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:2324-2341. [PMID: 37885330 PMCID: PMC10699117 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in glycosphingolipid metabolism have been linked to the pathophysiological mechanisms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons. Accordingly, administration of GM1, a sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipid, is protective against neuronal damage and supports neuronal homeostasis, with these effects mediated by its bioactive component, the oligosaccharide head (GM1-OS). Here, we add new evidence to the therapeutic efficacy of GM1 in ALS: Its administration to WT and SOD1G93A motor neurons affected by glutamate-induced excitotoxicity significantly increased neuronal survival and preserved neurite networks, counteracting intracellular protein accumulation and mitochondria impairment. Importantly, the GM1-OS faithfully replicates GM1 activity, emphasizing that even in ALS the protective function of GM1 strictly depends on its pentasaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lunghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanoSegrateItaly
| | - Erika Di Biase
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanoSegrateItaly
| | - Emma Veronica Carsana
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanoSegrateItaly
| | | | | | - Laura Mauri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanoSegrateItaly
| | - Maria Grazia Ciampa
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanoSegrateItaly
| | - Luigi Mari
- Department of ImmunologySt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA
| | - Nicoletta Loberto
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanoSegrateItaly
| | - Massimo Aureli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanoSegrateItaly
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanoSegrateItaly
| | | | - Elena Chiricozzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanoSegrateItaly
| | - Maria Fazzari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanoSegrateItaly
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7
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Broadhead MJ, Ayvazian-Hancock A, Doucet K, Kantelberg O, Motherwell L, Zhu F, Grant SGN, Horrocks MH, Miles GB. Synaptic expression of TAR-DNA-binding protein 43 in the mouse spinal cord determined using super-resolution microscopy. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1027898. [PMID: 37671010 PMCID: PMC10475998 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1027898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is characterised by a loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord that is preceded by early-stage changes in synapses that may be associated with TAR-DNA-Binding Protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology. Cellular inclusions of hyperphosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43) are a key hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases such ALS. However, there has been little characterisation of the synaptic expression of TDP-43 inside subpopulations of spinal cord synapses. This study utilises a range of high-resolution and super-resolution microscopy techniques with immunolabelling, as well as an aptamer-based TDP-43 labelling strategy visualised with single-molecule localisation microscopy, to characterise and quantify the presence of pTDP-43 in populations of excitatory synapses near where motor neurons reside in the lateral ventral horn of the mouse lumbar spinal cord. We observe that TDP-43 is expressed in approximately half of spinal cord synapses as nanoscale clusters. Synaptic TDP-43 clusters are found most abundantly at synapses associated with VGLUT1-positive presynaptic terminals, compared to VGLUT2-associated synapses. Our nanoscopy techniques showed no difference in the subsynaptic expression of pTDP-43 in the ALS mouse model, SOD1G93a, compared to healthy controls, despite prominent structural deficits in VGLUT1-associated synapses in SOD1G93a mice. This research characterises the basic synaptic expression of TDP-43 with nanoscale precision and provides a framework with which to investigate the potential relationship between TDP-43 pathology and synaptic pathology in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Broadhead
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
- Centre of Biophotonics, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Super-Resolution Imaging Consortium, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ani Ayvazian-Hancock
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
- Centre of Biophotonics, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Doucet
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
- Centre of Biophotonics, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Owen Kantelberg
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley Motherwell
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
- Centre of Biophotonics, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Fei Zhu
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Seth G. N. Grant
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain (SIDB), Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew H. Horrocks
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth B. Miles
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
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8
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Pérez-Cabello JA, Silvera-Carrasco L, Franco JM, Capilla-González V, Armaos A, Gómez-Lima M, García-García R, Yap XW, Leal-Lasarte M, Lall D, Baloh RH, Martínez S, Miyata Y, Tartaglia GG, Sawarkar R, García-Domínguez M, Pozo D, Roodveldt C. MAPK/MAK/MRK overlapping kinase (MOK) controls microglial inflammatory/type-I IFN responses via Brd4 and is involved in ALS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302143120. [PMID: 37399380 PMCID: PMC10334760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302143120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal and incurable neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons and characterized by microglia-mediated neurotoxic inflammation whose underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this work, we reveal that MAPK/MAK/MRK overlapping kinase (MOK), with an unknown physiological substrate, displays an immune function by controlling inflammatory and type-I interferon (IFN) responses in microglia which are detrimental to primary motor neurons. Moreover, we uncover the epigenetic reader bromodomain-containing protein 4 (Brd4) as an effector protein regulated by MOK, by promoting Ser492-phospho-Brd4 levels. We further demonstrate that MOK regulates Brd4 functions by supporting its binding to cytokine gene promoters, therefore enabling innate immune responses. Remarkably, we show that MOK levels are increased in the ALS spinal cord, particularly in microglial cells, and that administration of a chemical MOK inhibitor to ALS model mice can modulate Ser492-phospho-Brd4 levels, suppress microglial activation, and modify the disease course, indicating a pathophysiological role of MOK kinase in ALS and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A. Pérez-Cabello
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville41009, Spain
| | - Lucía Silvera-Carrasco
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville41009, Spain
| | - Jaime M. Franco
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
| | - Vivian Capilla-González
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
| | - Alexandros Armaos
- Center for Human Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova16152, Italy
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova16152, Italy
| | - María Gómez-Lima
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
| | - Raquel García-García
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville41009, Spain
| | - Xin Wen Yap
- The Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB1 2QR, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena Leal-Lasarte
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
| | - Deepti Lall
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA90048
| | - Robert H. Baloh
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA90048
| | - Salvador Martínez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche-CSIC, Alicante03550, Spain
| | - Yoshihiko Miyata
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Gian G. Tartaglia
- Center for Human Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova16152, Italy
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova16152, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University Sapienza Rome, Rome00185, Italy
| | - Ritwick Sawarkar
- The Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB1 2QR, United Kingdom
| | - Mario García-Domínguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
| | - David Pozo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville41009, Spain
| | - Cintia Roodveldt
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville41092, Spain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville41009, Spain
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9
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Arnold FJ, Nguyen AD, Bedlack RS, Bennett CL, La Spada AR. Intercellular transmission of pathogenic proteins in ALS: Exploring the pathogenic wave. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106218. [PMID: 37394036 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), disease symptoms and pathology typically spread in a predictable spatiotemporal pattern beginning at a focal site of onset and progressing along defined neuroanatomical tracts. Like other neurodegenerative diseases, ALS is characterized by the presence of protein aggregates in postmortem patient tissue. Cytoplasmic, ubiquitin-positive aggregates of TDP-43 are observed in approximately 97% of sporadic and familial ALS patients, while SOD1 inclusions are likely specific to cases of SOD1-ALS. Additionally, the most common subtype of familial ALS, caused by a hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the first intron of the C9orf72 gene (C9-ALS), is further characterized by the presence of aggregated dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs). As we will describe, cell-to-cell propagation of these pathological proteins tightly correlates with the contiguous spread of disease. While TDP-43 and SOD1 are capable of seeding protein misfolding and aggregation in a prion-like manner, C9orf72 DPRs appear to induce (and transmit) a 'disease state' more generally. Multiple mechanisms of intercellular transport have been described for all of these proteins, including anterograde and retrograde axonal transport, extracellular vesicle secretion, and macropinocytosis. In addition to neuron-to-neuron transmission, transmission of pathological proteins occurs between neurons and glia. Given that the spread of ALS disease pathology corresponds with the spread of symptoms in patients, the various mechanisms by which ALS-associated protein aggregates propagate through the central nervous system should be closely examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Arnold
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - A D Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - R S Bedlack
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - C L Bennett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - A R La Spada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Departments of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; UCI Center for Neurotherapeutics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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10
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Włodarczyk P, Witczak M, Gajewska A, Chady T, Piotrowski I. The role of TDP-43 protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.20883/medical.e710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease where both upper and lower motoneurons are damaged. Even though the pathogenesis of ALS is unclear, the TDP-43 aggregations and non-nuclear localization may be crucial to understanding this process. Despite intensive research on ALS therapies, only two lifespan-prolonging medications have been approved: Riluzole and Edaravone. Unravelling the TDP-43 pathology could help develop new ALS therapies using mechanisms such as inhibition of nuclear export, autophagy, chaperones, or antisense oligonucleotides. Selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINEs) are drugs that block Exportin 1 (XPO1) and cause the accumulation of not exported molecules inside the nucleus. SINEs that target XPO1 are shown to slightly extend the survival of neurons and soften motor symptoms. Dysfunctional proteins, including TDP-43, can be eliminated through autophagocytosis, which is regulated by the mTOR kinase. Stimulating the elimination of protein deposits may be an effective ALS therapy. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) are single-stranded, synthetic oligonucleotides that can bind and modulate specific RNA: via ribonuclease H, inducing their degradation or inducing alternative splicing via blocking primary RNA transcripts. Current ASOs therapies used in ALS focus on SOD1, C9ORF72, FUS, and ATXN2, and they may be used to slow the ALS progression. Reversing the aggregation is a promising therapeutic strategy. Chaperones control other proteins' quality and protect them against stress factors. Due to the irreversible character of ALS, it is essential to understand its complicated pathology better and to seek new therapies.
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11
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Chen X, He X, Yang YY, Wang Y. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Associated Mutants of SOD1 Modulate miRNA Biogenesis through Aberrant Interactions with Exportin 5. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:3450-3457. [PMID: 36475596 PMCID: PMC9867941 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1) gene are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease. By employing ascorbate peroxidase-based proximity labeling, coupled with LC-MS/MS analysis, we uncovered 43 and 24 proteins exhibiting higher abundance in the proximity proteomes of SOD1G85R and SOD1G93A, respectively, than that of wild-type SOD1. Immunoprecipitation followed by western blot analysis indicated the preferential binding of one of these proteins, exportin 5 (XPO5), toward the two mutants of SOD1 over the wild-type counterpart. In line with the established function of XPO5 in pre-miRNA transport, we observed diminished nucleocytoplasmic transport of pre-miRNAs in cells with ectopic expression of the two SOD1 mutants over those expressing the wild-type protein. On the other hand, RT-qPCR results revealed significant elevations in mature miRNA in cells expressing the two SOD1 mutants, which are attributed to the diminished inhibitory effect of XPO5 on Dicer-mediated cleavage of pre-miRNA to mature miRNA. Together, our chemoproteomic approach led to the revelation of a novel mechanism through which ALS-associated mutants of SOD1 perturb miRNA biogenesis, that is, through aberrant binding toward XPO5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan Chen
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92502, United States
| | - Xiaomei He
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92502, United States
| | - Yen-Yu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92502, United States
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92502, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92502, United States
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12
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Kim D, Kiprov DD, Luellen C, Lieb M, Liu C, Watanabe E, Mei X, Cassaleto K, Kramer J, Conboy MJ, Conboy IM. Old plasma dilution reduces human biological age: a clinical study. GeroScience 2022; 44:2701-2720. [PMID: 35999337 PMCID: PMC9398900 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00645-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This work extrapolates to humans the previous animal studies on blood heterochronicity and establishes a novel direct measurement of biological age. Our results support the hypothesis that, similar to mice, human aging is driven by age-imposed systemic molecular excess, the attenuation of which reverses biological age, defined in our work as a deregulation (noise) of 10 novel protein biomarkers. The results on biological age are strongly supported by the data, which demonstrates that rounds of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) promote a global shift to a younger systemic proteome, including youthfully restored pro-regenerative, anticancer, and apoptotic regulators and a youthful profile of myeloid/lymphoid markers in circulating cells, which have reduced cellular senescence and lower DNA damage. Mechanistically, the circulatory regulators of the JAK-STAT, MAPK, TGF-beta, NF-κB, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways become more youthfully balanced through normalization of TLR4, which we define as a nodal point of this molecular rejuvenation. The significance of our findings is confirmed through big-data gene expression studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehwan Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Connor Luellen
- Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Michael Lieb
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Etsuko Watanabe
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Mei
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Joel Kramer
- Brain Aging Center, UCSF, San Francisco, USA
| | - Michael J Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Irina M Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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13
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Meszka I, Polanowska J, Xirodimas DP. Mixed in chains: NEDD8 polymers in the Protein Quality Control system. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 132:27-37. [PMID: 35078718 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification of proteins with the Ubiquitin-like molecule NEDD8 is a critical regulatory mechanism for several biological processes and a potential target for therapeutic intervention. The role of NEDD8 has been mainly characterised through its modification as single moiety on the cullin family of proteins and control of Cullin-Ring-Ligases, but also on non-cullin substrates. In addition to monoNEDDylation, recent studies have now revealed that NEDD8 can also generate diverse polymers. This is either through modification of the 9 available lysines in NEDD8 and the formation of polyNEDD8 chains, or NEDDylation of Ubiquitin and SUMO-2 for the generation of hybrid NEDD8 chains. Here, we review recent findings that characterise the formation of NEDD8 polymers under distinct modes of protein NEDDylation (canonical/atypical) and their potential role as regulatory signals of the proteotoxic stress response and the Protein Quality Control system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Meszka
- CRBM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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14
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Robust Generation of Ready-to-Use Cryopreserved Motor Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Disease Modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113462. [PMID: 36362259 PMCID: PMC9657726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived motor neurons (MNs) act as models for motor neuron diseases (MNDs), such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or spinal muscular atrophy. However, the MN differentiation efficiency and viability following cryopreservation require further development for application in large-scale studies and drug screening. Here, we developed a robust protocol to convert hPSCs into MN cryopreservation stocks (hPSCs were converted into >92% motor neural progenitors and >91% MNs). Near-mature MNs were cryopreserved at a high thawing survival rate and 89% MN marker expression on day 32. Moreover, these MNs exhibited classical electrophysiological properties and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) formation ability within only 4−6 days after thawing. To apply this platform as an MND model, MN stocks were generated from SOD1G85R, SOD1G85G isogenic control, and sporadic ALS hPSC lines. The thawed ALS MNs expressed ALS-specific cytopathies, including SOD1 protein aggregation and TDP-43 redistribution. Thus, a stable and robust protocol was developed to generate ready-to-use cryopreserved MNs without further neuronal maturation processes for application in MND mechanistic studies, NMJ model establishment, and large-scale drug screening.
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15
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Fernández-Calle R, Konings SC, Frontiñán-Rubio J, García-Revilla J, Camprubí-Ferrer L, Svensson M, Martinson I, Boza-Serrano A, Venero JL, Nielsen HM, Gouras GK, Deierborg T. APOE in the bullseye of neurodegenerative diseases: impact of the APOE genotype in Alzheimer’s disease pathology and brain diseases. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:62. [PMID: 36153580 PMCID: PMC9509584 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ApoE is the major lipid and cholesterol carrier in the CNS. There are three major human polymorphisms, apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4, and the genetic expression of APOE4 is one of the most influential risk factors for the development of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroinflammation has become the third hallmark of AD, together with Amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated aggregated tau protein. This review aims to broadly and extensively describe the differential aspects concerning apoE. Starting from the evolution of apoE to how APOE's single-nucleotide polymorphisms affect its structure, function, and involvement during health and disease. This review reflects on how APOE's polymorphisms impact critical aspects of AD pathology, such as the neuroinflammatory response, particularly the effect of APOE on astrocytic and microglial function and microglial dynamics, synaptic function, amyloid-β load, tau pathology, autophagy, and cell–cell communication. We discuss influential factors affecting AD pathology combined with the APOE genotype, such as sex, age, diet, physical exercise, current therapies and clinical trials in the AD field. The impact of the APOE genotype in other neurodegenerative diseases characterized by overt inflammation, e.g., alpha- synucleinopathies and Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, is also addressed. Therefore, this review gathers the most relevant findings related to the APOE genotype up to date and its implications on AD and CNS pathologies to provide a deeper understanding of the knowledge in the APOE field.
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16
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Trist BG, Fifita JA, Hogan A, Grima N, Smith B, Troakes C, Vance C, Shaw C, Al-Sarraj S, Blair IP, Double KL. Co-deposition of SOD1, TDP-43 and p62 proteinopathies in ALS: evidence for multifaceted pathways underlying neurodegeneration. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:122. [PMID: 36008843 PMCID: PMC9404564 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple neurotoxic proteinopathies co-exist within vulnerable neuronal populations in all major neurodegenerative diseases. Interactions between these pathologies may modulate disease progression, suggesting they may constitute targets for disease-modifying treatments aiming to slow or halt neurodegeneration. Pairwise interactions between superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) and ubiquitin-binding protein 62/sequestosome 1 (p62) proteinopathies have been reported in multiple transgenic cellular and animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), however corresponding examination of these relationships in patient tissues is lacking. Further, the coalescence of all three proteinopathies has not been studied in vitro or in vivo to date. These data are essential to guide therapeutic development and enhance the translation of relevant therapies into the clinic. Our group recently profiled SOD1 proteinopathy in post-mortem spinal cord tissues from familial and sporadic ALS cases, demonstrating an abundance of structurally-disordered (dis)SOD1 conformers which become mislocalized within these vulnerable neurons compared with those of aged controls. To explore any relationships between this, and other, ALS-linked proteinopathies, we profiled TDP-43 and p62 within spinal cord motor neurons of the same post-mortem tissue cohort using multiplexed immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. We identified distinct patterns of SOD1, TDP43 and p62 co-deposition and subcellular mislocalization between motor neurons of familial and sporadic ALS cases, which we primarily attribute to SOD1 gene status. Our data demonstrate co-deposition of p62 with mutant and wild-type disSOD1 and phosphorylated TDP-43 in familial and sporadic ALS spinal cord motor neurons, consistent with attempts by p62 to mitigate SOD1 and TDP-43 deposition. Wild-type SOD1 and TDP-43 co-deposition was also frequently observed in ALS cases lacking SOD1 mutations. Finally, alterations to the subcellular localization of the three proteins were tightly correlated, suggesting close relationships between the regulatory mechanisms governing the subcellular compartmentalization of these proteins. Our study is the first to profile spatial relationships between SOD1, TDP-43 and p62 pathologies in post-mortem spinal cord motor neurons of ALS patients, previously only studied in vitro. Our findings suggest interactions between these three key ALS-linked proteins are likely to modulate the formation of their respective proteinopathies, and perhaps the rate of motor neuron degeneration, in ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Trist
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Jennifer A Fifita
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison Hogan
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie Grima
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bradley Smith
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Caroline Vance
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Christopher Shaw
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Camberwell, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Safa Al-Sarraj
- London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Ian P Blair
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kay L Double
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Broadhead MJ, Bonthron C, Waddington J, Smith WV, Lopez MF, Burley S, Valli J, Zhu F, Komiyama NH, Smith C, Grant SGN, Miles GB. Selective vulnerability of tripartite synapses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:471-486. [PMID: 35305541 PMCID: PMC8960590 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Separate lines of evidence suggest that synapses and astrocytes play a role in the pathological mechanisms underlying ALS. Given that astrocytes make specialised contacts with some synapses, called tripartite synapses, we hypothesise that tripartite synapses could act as the fulcrum of disease in ALS. To test this hypothesis, we have performed an extensive microscopy-based investigation of synapses and tripartite synapses in the spinal cord of ALS model mice and post-mortem human tissue from ALS cases. We reveal widescale synaptic changes at the early symptomatic stages of the SOD1G93a mouse model. Super-resolution microscopy reveals that large complex postsynaptic structures are lost in ALS mice. Most surprisingly, tripartite synapses are selectively lost, while non-tripartite synapses remain in equal number to healthy controls. Finally, we also observe a similar selective loss of tripartite synapses in human post-mortem ALS spinal cords. From these data we conclude that tripartite synaptopathy is a key hallmark of ALS.
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18
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Hydrogen Peroxide and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: From Biochemistry to Pathophysiology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010052. [PMID: 35052556 PMCID: PMC8773294 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radicals are unstable chemical reactive species produced during Redox dyshomeostasis (RDH) inside living cells and are implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. One of the most complicated and life-threatening motor neurodegenerative diseases (MND) is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) because of the poor understanding of its pathophysiology and absence of an effective treatment for its cure. During the last 25 years, researchers around the globe have focused their interest on copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD, SOD1) protein after the landmark discovery of mutant SOD1 (mSOD1) gene as a risk factor for ALS. Substantial evidence suggests that toxic gain of function due to redox disturbance caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) changes the biophysical properties of native SOD1 protein thus, instigating its fibrillization and misfolding. These abnormal misfolding aggregates or inclusions of SOD1 play a role in the pathogenesis of both forms of ALS, i.e., Sporadic ALS (sALS) and familial ALS (fALS). However, what leads to a decrease in the stability and misfolding of SOD1 is still in question and our scientific knowledge is scarce. A large number of studies have been conducted in this area to explore the biochemical mechanistic pathway of SOD1 aggregation. Several studies, over the past two decades, have shown that the SOD1-catalyzed biochemical reaction product hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at a pathological concentration act as a substrate to trigger the misfolding trajectories and toxicity of SOD1 in the pathogenesis of ALS. These toxic aggregates of SOD1 also cause aberrant localization of TAR-DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43), which is characteristic of neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCI) found in ALS. Here in this review, we present the evidence implicating the pivotal role of H2O2 in modulating the toxicity of SOD1 in the pathophysiology of the incurable and highly complex disease ALS. Also, highlighting the role of H2O2 in ALS, we believe will encourage scientists to target pathological concentrations of H2O2 thereby halting the misfolding of SOD1.
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Boas SM, Joyce KL, Cowell RM. The NRF2-Dependent Transcriptional Regulation of Antioxidant Defense Pathways: Relevance for Cell Type-Specific Vulnerability to Neurodegeneration and Therapeutic Intervention. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010008. [PMID: 35052512 PMCID: PMC8772787 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the etiology and pathobiology of various neurodegenerative diseases. At baseline, the cells of the nervous system have the capability to regulate the genes for antioxidant defenses by engaging nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2/NRF)-dependent transcriptional mechanisms, and a number of strategies have been proposed to activate these pathways to promote neuroprotection. Here, we briefly review the biology of the transcription factors of the NFE2/NRF family in the brain and provide evidence for the differential cellular localization of NFE2/NRF family members in the cells of the nervous system. We then discuss these findings in the context of the oxidative stress observed in two neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and present current strategies for activating NFE2/NRF-dependent transcription. Based on the expression of the NFE2/NRF family members in restricted populations of neurons and glia, we propose that, when designing strategies to engage these pathways for neuroprotection, the relative contributions of neuronal and non-neuronal cell types to the overall oxidative state of tissue should be considered, as well as the cell types which have the greatest intrinsic capacity for producing antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Boas
- Department of Neuroscience, Southern Research, 2000 9th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; (S.M.B.); (K.L.J.)
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kathlene L. Joyce
- Department of Neuroscience, Southern Research, 2000 9th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; (S.M.B.); (K.L.J.)
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rita M. Cowell
- Department of Neuroscience, Southern Research, 2000 9th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; (S.M.B.); (K.L.J.)
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence:
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20
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Woo TG, Yoon MH, Kang SM, Park S, Cho JH, Hwang YJ, Ahn J, Jang H, Shin YJ, Jung EM, Ha NC, Kim BH, Kwon Y, Park BJ. Novel chemical inhibitor against SOD1 misfolding and aggregation protects neuron-loss and ameliorates disease symptoms in ALS mouse model. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1397. [PMID: 34912047 PMCID: PMC8674338 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02862-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective death of motor neurons. Mutations in Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) causing the gain of its toxic property are the major culprit of familial ALS (fALS). The abnormal SOD1 aggregation in the motor neurons has been suggested as the major pathological hallmark of ALS patients. However, the development of pharmacological interventions against SOD1 still needs further investigation. In this study, using ELISA-based chemical screening with wild and mutant SOD1 proteins, we screened a new small molecule, PRG-A01, which could block the misfolding/aggregation of SOD1 or TDP-43. The drug rescued the cell death induced by mutant SOD1 in human neuroblastoma cell line. Administration of PRG-A01 into the ALS model mouse resulted in significant improvement of muscle strength, motor neuron viability and mobility with extended lifespan. These results suggest that SOD1 misfolding/aggregation is a potent therapeutic target for SOD1 related ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Gyun Woo
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Rare Disease R&D Center, PRG S&T Co., Ltd, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Yoon
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Mi Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Cho
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsook Ahn
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Jang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Man Jung
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Chul Ha
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Rare Disease R&D Center, PRG S&T Co., Ltd, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghoon Kwon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bum-Joon Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
- Rare Disease R&D Center, PRG S&T Co., Ltd, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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21
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BiP Heterozigosity Aggravates Pathological Deterioration in Experimental Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212533. [PMID: 34830414 PMCID: PMC8621319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the involvement of the chaperone protein BiP (also known as GRP78 or Hspa5), a master regulator of intracellular proteostasis, in two mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). To this end, we used mice bearing partial genetic deletion of the BiP gene (BiP+/− mice), which, for the ALS model, were crossed with mutant SOD1 (mSOD1) transgenic mice to generate mSOD1/BiP+/− double mutant mice. Our data revealed a more intense neurological decline in the double mutants, reflected in a greater deterioration of the neurological score and rotarod performance, with also a reduced animal survival, compared to mSOD1 transgenic mice. Such worsening was associated with higher microglial (labelled with Iba-1 immunostaining) and, to a lesser extent, astroglial (labelled with GFAP immunostaining) immunoreactivities found in the double mutants, but not with a higher loss of spinal motor neurons (labelled with Nissl staining) in the spinal cord. The morphological analysis of Iba-1 and GFAP-positive cells revealed a higher presence of activated cells, characterized by elevated cell body size and shorter processes, in double mutants compared to mSOD1 mice with normal BiP expression. In the case of the PD model, BiP+/− mice were unilaterally lesioned with the parkinsonian neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). In this case, however, we did not detect a greater susceptibility to damage in mutant mice, as the motor defects caused by 6-OHDA in the pole test and the cylinder rearing test, as well as the losses in tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons and the elevated glial reactivity (labelled with CD68 and GFAP immunostaining) detected in the substantia nigra were of similar magnitude in BiP+/− mice compared with wildtype animals. Therefore, our findings support the view that a dysregulation of the protein BiP may contribute to ALS pathogenesis. As BiP has been recently related to cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptor function, our work also opens the door to future studies on a possible link between BiP and the neuroprotective effects of cannabinoids that have been widely reported in this neuropathological context. In support of this possibility, preliminary data indicate that CB1 receptor levels are significantly reduced in mSOD1 mice having partial deletion of BiP gene.
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22
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Moreira R, Mendonça LS, Pereira de Almeida L. Extracellular Vesicles Physiological Role and the Particular Case of Disease-Spreading Mechanisms in Polyglutamine Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212288. [PMID: 34830171 PMCID: PMC8621536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research demonstrated pathological spreading of the disease-causing proteins from one focal point across other brain regions for some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Spreading mediated by extracellular vesicles is one of the proposed disease-spreading mechanisms. Extracellular vesicles are cell membrane-derived vesicles, used by cells for cell-to-cell communication and excretion of toxic components. Importantly, extracellular vesicles carrying pathological molecules, when internalized by "healthy" cells, may trigger pathological pathways and, consequently, promote disease spreading to neighboring cells. Polyglutamine diseases are a group of genetic neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the accumulation of mutant misfolded proteins carrying an expanded tract of glutamines, including Huntington's and Machado-Joseph disease. The pathological spread of the misfolded proteins or the corresponding mutant mRNA has been explored. The understanding of the disease-spreading mechanism that plays a key role in the pathology progression of these diseases can result in the development of effective therapeutic approaches to stop disease progression, arresting the spread of the toxic components and disease aggravation. Therefore, the present review's main focus is the disease-spreading mechanisms with emphasis on polyglutamine diseases and the putative role played by extracellular vesicles in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Moreira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana S. Mendonça
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (L.S.M.); (L.P.d.A.); Tel.: +351-239-820-190 (L.S.M.)
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (L.S.M.); (L.P.d.A.); Tel.: +351-239-820-190 (L.S.M.)
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Chidambaram SB, Essa MM, Rathipriya AG, Bishir M, Ray B, Mahalakshmi AM, Tousif AH, Sakharkar MK, Kashyap RS, Friedland RP, Monaghan TM. Gut dysbiosis, defective autophagy and altered immune responses in neurodegenerative diseases: Tales of a vicious cycle. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107988. [PMID: 34536490 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiota comprises trillions of symbiotic microorganisms and is involved in regulating gastrointestinal (GI), immune, nervous system and metabolic homeostasis. Recent observations suggest a bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the brain via immune, circulatory and neural pathways, termed the Gut-Brain Axis (GBA). Alterations in gut microbiota composition, such as seen with an increased number of pathobionts and a decreased number of symbionts, termed gut dysbiosis or microbial intestinal dysbiosis, plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders. Clinical reports confirm that GI symptoms often precede neurological symptoms several years before the development of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Pathologically, gut dysbiosis disrupts the integrity of the intestinal barrier leading to ingress of pathobionts and toxic metabolites into the systemic circulation causing GBA dysregulation. Subsequently, chronic neuroinflammation via dysregulated immune activation triggers the accumulation of neurotoxic misfolded proteins in and around CNS cells resulting in neuronal death. Emerging evidence links gut dysbiosis to the aggravation and/or spread of proteinopathies from the peripheral nervous system to the CNS and defective autophagy-mediated proteinopathies. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of gut microbiota in NDDs, and highlights a vicious cycle of gut dysbiosis, immune-mediated chronic neuroinflammation, impaired autophagy and proteinopathies, which contributes to the development of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. We also discuss novel therapeutic strategies targeting the modulation of gut dysbiosis through prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics or dietary interventions, and faecal microbial transplantation (FMT) in the management of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, KA, India; Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (CPT), JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, KA, India.
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman; Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman; Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Pacific, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - A G Rathipriya
- Food and Brain Research Foundation, Chennai 600 094, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muhammed Bishir
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, KA, India
| | - Bipul Ray
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, KA, India; Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (CPT), JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, KA, India
| | - Arehally M Mahalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, KA, India
| | - A H Tousif
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, KA, India; Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (CPT), JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, KA, India
| | - Meena K Sakharkar
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada
| | - Rajpal Singh Kashyap
- Research Centre, Dr G. M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences (CIIMS), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Robert P Friedland
- Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Tanya M Monaghan
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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24
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Tziortzouda P, Van Den Bosch L, Hirth F. Reply to 'TDP43 aggregates: the 'Schrödinger's cat' in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis'. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:515. [PMID: 34103711 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Tziortzouda
- Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Frank Hirth
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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26
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Esposto JC, Martic S. Phosphorylated TAR DNA-Binding Protein-43: Aggregation and Antibody-Based Inhibition. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166234. [PMID: 34339840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) pathology, including fibrillar aggregates and mutations, develops in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE). Hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of TDP-43 contribute to pathology and are viable therapeutic targets for ALS. In vivo inhibition of TDP-43 aggregation was evaluated using anti-TDP-43 antibodies with promising outcomes. However, the exact mechanism of antibody-based inhibition targeting TDP-43 is not well understood but may lead to the identification of viable immunotherapies. Herein, the mechanism of in vitro aggregation of phosphorylated TDP-43 was explored, and the anti-TDP-43 antibodies tested for their inhibitor efficacies. Specifically, the aggregation of phosphorylated full-length TDP-43 protein (pS410) was monitored by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), turbidity absorbance, and thioflavin (ThT). The protein aggregates were insoluble, ThT-positive and characterized with heterogeneous morphologies (fibers, amorphous structures). Antibodies specific to epitopes 178-393 and 256-269, within the RRM2-CTD domain, reduced the formation of β-sheets and insoluble aggregates, at low antibody loading (antibody: protein ratio = 1 ug/mL: 45 ug/mL). Inhibition outcomes were highly dependent on the type and loading of antibodies, indicating dual functionality of such inhibitors, as aggregation inhibitors or aggregation promoters. Anti-SOD1 and anti-tau antibodies were not effective inhibitors against TDP-43 aggregation, indicating selective inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine C Esposto
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9L 0G2.
| | - Sanela Martic
- Department of Forensic Science, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9L 0G2.
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27
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Huang Z, Ba Z, Huang N, Li Y, Luo Y. Aberrant TDP-43 phosphorylation: a key wind gap from TDP-43 to TDP-43 proteinopathy. IBRAIN 2021; 7:119-131. [PMID: 37786905 PMCID: PMC10528777 DOI: 10.1002/j.2769-2795.2021.tb00074.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
TDP-43 proteinopathy is a kind of neurodegenerative diseases related to the TAR DNA-binding protein of 43-kDa molecular weight (TDP-43). The typical neurodegenerative diseases include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and so on. As the disease process cannot be blocked or slowed down, these patients have poor quality of life and poor prognosis, and bring a huge burden to the family and society. So far, the specific pathogenesis of TDP-43 proteinopathy is not clear, and there is no effective preventive measure and treatment program for this kind of disease. TDP-43 plays an important role in triggering or promoting the occurrence and progression of TDP-43 proteinopathy. The hyperphosphorylation of TDP-43 is undoubtedly an important factor in triggering or promoting the process of TDP-43 proteinopathy. Hyperphosphorylation of TDP-43 can inhibit the degradation of TDP-43, aggravate the aggregation of TDP-43 protein, increase the wrong localization of TDP-43 in cells, and enhance the cytotoxicity of TDP-43. More and more evidences show that the hyperphosphorylation of TDP-43 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of TDP-43 proteinopathy. Inhibition of TDP-43 hyperphosphorylation may be one of the important strategies for the treatment of TDP-43 proteinopathy. Therefore, this article reviews the role of TDP-43 phosphorylation in TDP-43 proteinopathy and the related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Qi Huang
- Department of NeurologyThird Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University & First People’s Hospital of ZunyiZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Zhi‐Sheng Ba
- Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University & First People’s Hospital of ZunyiZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Nan‐Qu Huang
- Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University & First People’s Hospital of ZunyiZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Yuan‐Yuan Li
- Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University & First People’s Hospital of ZunyiZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of NeurologyThird Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University & First People’s Hospital of ZunyiZunyiGuizhouChina
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28
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Nikbakhtzadeh M, Shaerzadeh F, Ashabi G. Highlighting the protective or degenerative role of AMPK activators in dementia experimental models. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 20:786-801. [PMID: 34042039 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210526160214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine/threonine kinase and a driving or deterrent factor in the development of neurodegenerative diseases and dementia. AMPK affects intracellular proteins like the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α (among others) contributes to a wide range of intracellular activities based on its downstream molecules such as energy balancing (ATP synthesis), extracellular inflammation, cell growth, and neuronal cell death (such as apoptosis, necrosis, and necroptosis). Several studies have looked at the dual role of AMPK in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Huntington disease (HD) but the exact effect of this enzyme on dementia, stroke, and motor neuron dysfunction disorders has not been elucidated yet. In this article, we review current research on the effects of AMPK on the brain to give an overview of the relationship. More specifically, we review the neuroprotective or neurodegenerative effects of AMPK or AMPK activators like metformin, resveratrol, and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside on neurological diseases and dementia, which exert through the intracellular molecules involved in neuronal survival or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Nikbakhtzadeh
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shaerzadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine and McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, United States
| | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Khatri DK, Kadbhane A, Patel M, Nene S, Atmakuri S, Srivastava S, Singh SB. Gauging the role and impact of drug interactions and repurposing in neurodegenerative disorders. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100022. [PMID: 34909657 PMCID: PMC8663985 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) are of vast origin which are characterized by gradual progressive loss of neurons in the brain region. ND can be classified according to the clinical symptoms present (e.g. Cognitive decline, hyperkinetic, and hypokinetic movements disorder) or by the pathological protein deposited (e.g., Amyloid, tau, Alpha-synuclein, TDP-43). Alzheimer's disease preceded by Parkinson's is the most prevalent form of ND world-wide. Multiple factors like aging, genetic mutations, environmental factors, gut microbiota, blood-brain barrier microvascular complication, etc. may increase the predisposition towards ND. Genetic mutation is a major contributor in increasing the susceptibility towards ND, the concept of one disease-one gene is obsolete and now multiple genes are considered to be involved in causing one particular disease. Also, the involvement of multiple pathological mechanisms like oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, etc. contributes to the complexity and makes them difficult to be treated by traditional mono-targeted ligands. In this aspect, the Poly-pharmacological drug approach which targets multiple pathological pathways at the same time provides the best way to treat such complex networked CNS diseases. In this review, we have provided an overview of ND and their pathological origin, along with a brief description of various genes associated with multiple diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Multiple sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's and a comprehensive detail about the Poly-pharmacology approach (MTDLs and Fixed-dose combinations) along with their merits over the traditional single-targeted drug is provided. This review also provides insights into current repurposing strategies along with its regulatory considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Corresponding authors. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Corresponding authors. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
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30
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Nguyen PH, Ramamoorthy A, Sahoo BR, Zheng J, Faller P, Straub JE, Dominguez L, Shea JE, Dokholyan NV, De Simone A, Ma B, Nussinov R, Najafi S, Ngo ST, Loquet A, Chiricotto M, Ganguly P, McCarty J, Li MS, Hall C, Wang Y, Miller Y, Melchionna S, Habenstein B, Timr S, Chen J, Hnath B, Strodel B, Kayed R, Lesné S, Wei G, Sterpone F, Doig AJ, Derreumaux P. Amyloid Oligomers: A Joint Experimental/Computational Perspective on Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Type II Diabetes, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2545-2647. [PMID: 33543942 PMCID: PMC8836097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation is observed in many amyloidogenic diseases affecting either the central nervous system or a variety of peripheral tissues. Structural and dynamic characterization of all species along the pathways from monomers to fibrils is challenging by experimental and computational means because they involve intrinsically disordered proteins in most diseases. Yet understanding how amyloid species become toxic is the challenge in developing a treatment for these diseases. Here we review what computer, in vitro, in vivo, and pharmacological experiments tell us about the accumulation and deposition of the oligomers of the (Aβ, tau), α-synuclein, IAPP, and superoxide dismutase 1 proteins, which have been the mainstream concept underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), type II diabetes (T2D), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) research, respectively, for many years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong H Nguyen
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Bikash R Sahoo
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Peter Faller
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - John E Straub
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Joan-Emma Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
- Department of Chemistry, and Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Alfonso De Simone
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Molecular Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Buyong Ma
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Sackler Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Saeed Najafi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Son Tung Ngo
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, 33000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Antoine Loquet
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects, (UMR5248 CBMN), CNRS, Université Bordeaux, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Mara Chiricotto
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Pritam Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - James McCarty
- Chemistry Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, United States
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology, SBI Building, Quang Trung Software City, Tan Chanh Hiep Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carol Hall
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Yifat Miller
- Department of Chemistry and The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | | | - Birgit Habenstein
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects, (UMR5248 CBMN), CNRS, Université Bordeaux, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Stepan Timr
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Jiaxing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Brianna Hnath
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Sylvain Lesné
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Guanghong Wei
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Science, Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fabio Sterpone
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Andrew J Doig
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Philippe Derreumaux
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Ton Duc Thang University, 33000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, 33000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Shafiq K, Sanghai N, Guo Y, Kong J. Implication of post-translationally modified SOD1 in pathological aging. GeroScience 2021; 43:507-515. [PMID: 33608813 PMCID: PMC8110659 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Why certain people relish healthy aging throughout their life span while others suffer pathological consequences? In this review, we focus on some of the dominant paradigms of pathological aging, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD), and predict that the antioxidant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), when post-translationally modified by aging-associated oxidative stress, acts as a mechanism to accelerated aging in these age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative modifications of natively reduced SOD1 induce pathological confirmations such as misfolding, leading to a subsequent formation of monomeric, oligomeric, and multimeric aggregates. Misfolded SOD1 propagates like prions from cell to cell. These modified conformations are detected in brain tissues in ALS, AD, and PD, and are considered a contributing factor to their initial pathogenesis. We have also elaborated on oxidative stress-induced non-native modifications of SOD1 and offered a logistic argument on their global implication in accelerated or pathological aging in the context of ALS, AD, and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashfia Shafiq
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 27, King's College Cir, Toronto, ON, M5S, Canada
| | - Nitesh Sanghai
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada.,Pathological Department, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Jiming Kong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada.
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Morello G, Salomone S, D’Agata V, Conforti FL, Cavallaro S. From Multi-Omics Approaches to Precision Medicine in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:577755. [PMID: 33192262 PMCID: PMC7661549 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.577755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating and fatal neurodegenerative disorder, caused by the degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons for which there is no truly effective cure. The lack of successful treatments can be well explained by the complex and heterogeneous nature of ALS, with patients displaying widely distinct clinical features and progression patterns, and distinct molecular mechanisms underlying the phenotypic heterogeneity. Thus, stratifying ALS patients into consistent and clinically relevant subgroups can be of great value for the development of new precision diagnostics and targeted therapeutics for ALS patients. In the last years, the use and integration of high-throughput "omics" approaches have dramatically changed our thinking about ALS, improving our understanding of the complex molecular architecture of ALS, distinguishing distinct patient subtypes and providing a rational foundation for the discovery of biomarkers and new individualized treatments. In this review, we discuss the most significant contributions of omics technologies in unraveling the biological heterogeneity of ALS, highlighting how these approaches are revealing diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets for future personalized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Morello
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Catania, Italy
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Salomone
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Velia D’Agata
- Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Catania, Italy
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Lee DY, Jeon GS, Sung JJ. ALS-Linked Mutant SOD1 Associates with TIA-1 and Alters Stress Granule Dynamics. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2884-2893. [PMID: 33025330 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disorder caused by motor neuron loss. T-cell intracellular antigen-1 (TIA-1), a cytotoxic T lymphocyte granule-associated RNA binding protein, is a key component of stress granules. However, it remains uncertain whether ALS-causing superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) toxicity alters the dynamics of stress granules. Thus, through mouse and cell line models, and human cells and tissues, we showed the subcellular location of TIA-1 and its recruitment by stress granules following mutant SOD1-related stimuli. An overexpression of MTSOD1 resulted in increased TIA-1-positive cytoplasmic inclusions in the spinal cord tissue of SOD1G93A transgenic mouse and the SOD1G86S familial ALS patient. Moreover, we demonstrated the stages of ALS-like disease-dependent increase in TIA-1 in the spinal cord of transgenic mice. A similar increase of TIA-1 was found in the spinal cord of the SOD1G86S patient and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells from the SOD1G17S patient. By using immunoprecipitation assays in wild type (WT) human SOD1 (hSOD1) or mutant (MT) hSOD1-transfected motor neuronal cell lines and SOD1G93A transgenic mouse model, we observed that MTSOD1 interacts with TIA-1. In WT or MT hSOD1-transfected HEK293 and NSC-34 cells, the formation of TIA-1-positive stress granules was delayed in MTSOD1 by sodium arsenite treatment. These findings suggest that MTSOD1 could affect the dynamics of stress granules through the abnormal MTSOD1-TIA-1 interaction. Consequently, the resulting pathological TIA-1 may be involved in RNA metabolism found in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Yeon Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gye Sun Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jung-Joon Sung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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34
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Suk TR, Rousseaux MWC. The role of TDP-43 mislocalization in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:45. [PMID: 32799899 PMCID: PMC7429473 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery as a primary component in cytoplasmic aggregates in post-mortem tissue of patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), TAR DNA Binding Protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) has remained a central focus to understand the disease. TDP-43 links both familial and sporadic forms of ALS as mutations are causative for disease and cytoplasmic aggregates are a hallmark of nearly all cases, regardless of TDP-43 mutational status. Research has focused on the formation and consequences of cytosolic protein aggregates as drivers of ALS pathology through both gain- and loss-of-function mechanisms. Not only does aggregation sequester the normal function of TDP-43, but these aggregates also actively block normal cellular processes inevitably leading to cellular demise in a short time span. Although there may be some benefit to therapeutically targeting TDP-43 aggregation, this step may be too late in disease development to have substantial therapeutic benefit. However, TDP-43 pathology appears to be tightly linked with its mislocalization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, making it difficult to decouple the consequences of nuclear-to-cytoplasmic mislocalization from protein aggregation. Studies focusing on the effects of TDP-43 mislocalization have demonstrated both gain- and loss-of-function consequences including altered splicing regulation, over responsiveness to cellular stressors, increases in DNA damage, and transcriptome-wide changes. Additionally, mutations in TARDBP confer a baseline increase in cytoplasmic TDP-43 thus suggesting that small changes in the subcellular localization of TDP-43 could in fact drive early pathology. In this review, we bring forth the theme of protein mislocalization as a key mechanism underlying ALS, by highlighting the importance of maintaining subcellular proteostasis along with the gain- and loss-of-functional consequences when TDP-43 localization is dysregulated. Additional research, focusing on early events in TDP-43 pathogenesis (i.e. to the protein mislocalization stage) will provide insight into disease mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and novel biomarkers for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry R. Suk
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Maxime W. C. Rousseaux
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Eric Poulin Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Canada
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Salapa HE, Hutchinson C, Popescu BF, Levin MC. Neuronal RNA-binding protein dysfunction in multiple sclerosis cortex. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:1214-1224. [PMID: 32608162 PMCID: PMC7359129 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Neurodegeneration is thought to be the primary cause of neurological disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Dysfunctional RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) including their mislocalization from nucleus to cytoplasm, stress granule formation, and altered RNA metabolism have been found to underlie neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Yet, little is known about the role of dysfunctional RBPs in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in MS. As a follow‐up to our seminal finding of altered RBP function in a single case of MS, we posited that there would be evidence of RBP dysfunction in cortical neurons in MS. Methods Cortical neurons from 12 MS and six control cases were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) and TAR‐DNA‐binding protein‐43 (TDP‐43). Seven distinct neuronal phenotypes were identified based on the nucleocytoplasmic staining of these RBPs. Statistical analyses were performed by analyzing each phenotype in relation to MS versus controls. Results Analyses revealed a continuum of hnRNP A1 and TDP‐43 nucleocytoplasmic staining was found in cortical neurons, from neurons with entirely nuclear staining with little cytoplasmic staining in contrast to those with complete nuclear depletion of RBPs concurrent with robust cytoplasmic staining. The neuronal phenotypes that showed the most nucleocytoplasmic mislocalization of hnRNP A1 and TDP‐43 statistically distinguished MS from control cases (P < 0.01, P < 0.001, respectively). Interpretation The discovery of hnRNP A1 and TDP‐43 nucleocytoplasmic mislocalization in neurons in MS brain demonstrate that dysfunctional RBPs may play a role in neurodegeneration in MS, as they do in other neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Salapa
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology & Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Catherine Hutchinson
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Bogdan F Popescu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology & Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michael C Levin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology & Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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36
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Ruiz-Ruiz C, Calzaferri F, García AG. P2X7 Receptor Antagonism as a Potential Therapy in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:93. [PMID: 32595451 PMCID: PMC7303288 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the purinergic ionotropic receptor P2X7 (P2X7R) as a potential target for developing drugs that delay the onset and/or disease progression in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Description of clinical and genetic ALS features is followed by an analysis of advantages and drawbacks of transgenic mouse models of disease based on mutations in a bunch of proteins, particularly Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), TAR-DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43), Fused in Sarcoma/Translocated in Sarcoma (FUS), and Chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72). Though of limited value, these models are however critical to study the proof of concept of new compounds, before reaching clinical trials. The authors also provide a description of ALS pathogenesis including protein aggregation, calcium-dependent excitotoxicity, dysfunction of calcium-binding proteins, ultrastructural mitochondrial alterations, disruption of mitochondrial calcium handling, and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Understanding disease pathogenic pathways may ease the identification of new drug targets. Subsequently, neuroinflammation linked with P2X7Rs in ALS pathogenesis is described in order to understand the rationale of placing the use of P2X7R antagonists as a new therapeutic pharmacological approach to ALS. This is the basis for the hypothesis that a P2X7R blocker could mitigate the neuroinflammatory state, indirectly leading to neuroprotection and higher motoneuron survival in ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ruiz-Ruiz
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Calzaferri
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio G García
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Liscic RM, Alberici A, Cairns NJ, Romano M, Buratti E. From basic research to the clinic: innovative therapies for ALS and FTD in the pipeline. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:31. [PMID: 32487123 PMCID: PMC7268618 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Degeneration (FTD) are neurodegenerative disorders, related by deterioration of motor and cognitive functions and short survival. Aside from cases with an inherited pathogenic mutation, the causes of the disorders are still largely unknown and no effective treatment currently exists. It has been shown that FTD may coexist with ALS and this overlap occurs at clinical, genetic, and molecular levels. In this work, we review the main pathological aspects of these complex diseases and discuss how the integration of the novel pathogenic molecular insights and the analysis of molecular interaction networks among all the genetic players represents a critical step to shed light on discovering novel therapeutic strategies and possibly tailoring personalized medicine approaches to specific ALS and FTD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajka Maria Liscic
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
- School of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Antonella Alberici
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological Sciences and Vision, ASST-Spedali Civili-University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nigel John Cairns
- College of Medicine and Health and Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Maurizio Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, Via Valerio 28, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
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38
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Pham J, Keon M, Brennan S, Saksena N. Connecting RNA-Modifying Similarities of TDP-43, FUS, and SOD1 with MicroRNA Dysregulation Amidst A Renewed Network Perspective of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Proteinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103464. [PMID: 32422969 PMCID: PMC7278980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond traditional approaches in understanding amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple recent studies in RNA-binding proteins (RBPs)-including transactive response DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS)-have instigated an interest in their function and prion-like properties. Given their prominence as hallmarks of a highly heterogeneous disease, this prompts a re-examination of the specific functional interrelationships between these proteins, especially as pathological SOD1-a non-RBP commonly associated with familial ALS (fALS)-exhibits similar properties to these RBPs including potential RNA-regulatory capabilities. Moreover, the cytoplasmic mislocalization, aggregation, and co-aggregation of TDP-43, FUS, and SOD1 can be identified as proteinopathies akin to other neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), eliciting strong ties to disrupted RNA splicing, transport, and stability. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have also been increasingly implicated in the disease, and are of greater significance as they are the master regulators of RNA metabolism in disease pathology. However, little is known about the role of these proteins and how they are regulated by miRNA, which would provide mechanistic insights into ALS pathogenesis. This review seeks to discuss current developments across TDP-43, FUS, and SOD1 to build a detailed snapshot of the network pathophysiology underlying ALS while aiming to highlight possible novel therapeutic targets to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Pham
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia;
| | - Matt Keon
- Iggy Get Out, Neurodegenerative Disease Section, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (M.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Samuel Brennan
- Iggy Get Out, Neurodegenerative Disease Section, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (M.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Nitin Saksena
- Iggy Get Out, Neurodegenerative Disease Section, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (M.K.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Olesen MN, Wuolikainen A, Nilsson AC, Wirenfeldt M, Forsberg K, Madsen JS, Lillevang ST, Brandslund I, Andersen PM, Asgari N. Inflammatory profiles relate to survival in subtypes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2020; 7:e697. [PMID: 32123048 PMCID: PMC7136052 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate inflammatory cytokines in patients with motor neuron disease (MND) evaluating the putative contribution of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-causing gene variants. METHODS This study is a retrospective case series with prospective follow-up (1994-2016) of 248 patients with MND, of whom 164 had ALS who were screened for mutations in the genes for SOD1 and C9orf72. Paired CSF and plasma were collected at the diagnostic evaluation before treatment. A panel of cytokines were measured blindly via digital ELISA on the Simoa platform. RESULTS Time from disease onset to death was longer for patients with ALS-causing SOD1 mutations (mSOD1, n = 24) than those with C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion (C9orf72HRE) ALS (n = 19; q = 0.001) and other ALS (OALS) (n = 119; q = 0.0008). Patients with OALS had higher CSF tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) compared with those with C9orf72HRE ALS (q = 0.014). Patients with C9orf72HRE ALS had higher CSF interferon alpha compared with those with OALS and mSOD1 ALS (q = 0.042 and q = 0.042). In patients with ALS, the survival was negatively correlated with plasma interleukin (IL) 10 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.17, 95% CI 1.05-1.30). Plasma TNF-α, IL-10, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) (HR 1.01 [1.00-1.02], 1.15 [1.02-1.30], and 1.01 [1.00-1.01], respectively) of patients with OALS, plasma IL-1β (HR 5.90 [1.27-27.5]) of patients with C9orf72HRE ALS, and CSF TRAIL (10.5 [1.12-98.6]) of patients with mSOD1 ALS all correlated negatively with survival. CONCLUSIONS Differences in survival times in ALS subtypes were correlated with cytokine levels, suggesting specific immune responses related to ALS genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Nikolaj Olesen
- From the Institutes of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (M.N.O., N.A.), University of Southern Denmark; Departments of Neurology (M.N.O.), Slagelse Hospital & Biochemistry & Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience (A.W., K.F., P.M.A.), Umeå University, Sweden; Department of Clinical Immunology (A.C.N., S.T.L.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Pathology (M.W.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Biochemistry & Immunology (J.S.M., I.B.), Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Institute of Regional Health Research (J.S.M., I.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (N.A.), Slagelse Hospital; and OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (N.A.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Anna Wuolikainen
- From the Institutes of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (M.N.O., N.A.), University of Southern Denmark; Departments of Neurology (M.N.O.), Slagelse Hospital & Biochemistry & Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience (A.W., K.F., P.M.A.), Umeå University, Sweden; Department of Clinical Immunology (A.C.N., S.T.L.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Pathology (M.W.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Biochemistry & Immunology (J.S.M., I.B.), Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Institute of Regional Health Research (J.S.M., I.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (N.A.), Slagelse Hospital; and OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (N.A.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Anna Christine Nilsson
- From the Institutes of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (M.N.O., N.A.), University of Southern Denmark; Departments of Neurology (M.N.O.), Slagelse Hospital & Biochemistry & Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience (A.W., K.F., P.M.A.), Umeå University, Sweden; Department of Clinical Immunology (A.C.N., S.T.L.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Pathology (M.W.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Biochemistry & Immunology (J.S.M., I.B.), Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Institute of Regional Health Research (J.S.M., I.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (N.A.), Slagelse Hospital; and OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (N.A.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Martin Wirenfeldt
- From the Institutes of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (M.N.O., N.A.), University of Southern Denmark; Departments of Neurology (M.N.O.), Slagelse Hospital & Biochemistry & Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience (A.W., K.F., P.M.A.), Umeå University, Sweden; Department of Clinical Immunology (A.C.N., S.T.L.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Pathology (M.W.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Biochemistry & Immunology (J.S.M., I.B.), Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Institute of Regional Health Research (J.S.M., I.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (N.A.), Slagelse Hospital; and OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (N.A.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Karin Forsberg
- From the Institutes of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (M.N.O., N.A.), University of Southern Denmark; Departments of Neurology (M.N.O.), Slagelse Hospital & Biochemistry & Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience (A.W., K.F., P.M.A.), Umeå University, Sweden; Department of Clinical Immunology (A.C.N., S.T.L.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Pathology (M.W.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Biochemistry & Immunology (J.S.M., I.B.), Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Institute of Regional Health Research (J.S.M., I.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (N.A.), Slagelse Hospital; and OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (N.A.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Jonna Skov Madsen
- From the Institutes of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (M.N.O., N.A.), University of Southern Denmark; Departments of Neurology (M.N.O.), Slagelse Hospital & Biochemistry & Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience (A.W., K.F., P.M.A.), Umeå University, Sweden; Department of Clinical Immunology (A.C.N., S.T.L.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Pathology (M.W.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Biochemistry & Immunology (J.S.M., I.B.), Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Institute of Regional Health Research (J.S.M., I.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (N.A.), Slagelse Hospital; and OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (N.A.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Soeren Thue Lillevang
- From the Institutes of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (M.N.O., N.A.), University of Southern Denmark; Departments of Neurology (M.N.O.), Slagelse Hospital & Biochemistry & Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience (A.W., K.F., P.M.A.), Umeå University, Sweden; Department of Clinical Immunology (A.C.N., S.T.L.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Pathology (M.W.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Biochemistry & Immunology (J.S.M., I.B.), Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Institute of Regional Health Research (J.S.M., I.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (N.A.), Slagelse Hospital; and OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (N.A.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- From the Institutes of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (M.N.O., N.A.), University of Southern Denmark; Departments of Neurology (M.N.O.), Slagelse Hospital & Biochemistry & Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience (A.W., K.F., P.M.A.), Umeå University, Sweden; Department of Clinical Immunology (A.C.N., S.T.L.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Pathology (M.W.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Biochemistry & Immunology (J.S.M., I.B.), Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Institute of Regional Health Research (J.S.M., I.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (N.A.), Slagelse Hospital; and OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (N.A.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Peter Munch Andersen
- From the Institutes of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (M.N.O., N.A.), University of Southern Denmark; Departments of Neurology (M.N.O.), Slagelse Hospital & Biochemistry & Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience (A.W., K.F., P.M.A.), Umeå University, Sweden; Department of Clinical Immunology (A.C.N., S.T.L.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Pathology (M.W.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Biochemistry & Immunology (J.S.M., I.B.), Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Institute of Regional Health Research (J.S.M., I.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (N.A.), Slagelse Hospital; and OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (N.A.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Nasrin Asgari
- From the Institutes of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (M.N.O., N.A.), University of Southern Denmark; Departments of Neurology (M.N.O.), Slagelse Hospital & Biochemistry & Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience (A.W., K.F., P.M.A.), Umeå University, Sweden; Department of Clinical Immunology (A.C.N., S.T.L.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Pathology (M.W.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Biochemistry & Immunology (J.S.M., I.B.), Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; Institute of Regional Health Research (J.S.M., I.B.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (N.A.), Slagelse Hospital; and OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (N.A.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark.
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Hergesheimer RC, Chami AA, de Assis DR, Vourc'h P, Andres CR, Corcia P, Lanznaster D, Blasco H. The debated toxic role of aggregated TDP-43 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a resolution in sight? Brain 2020; 142:1176-1194. [PMID: 30938443 PMCID: PMC6487324 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transactive response DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is an RNA/DNA binding protein that forms phosphorylated and ubiquitinated aggregates in the cytoplasm of motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which is a hallmark of this disease. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative condition affecting the upper and lower motor neurons. Even though the aggregative property of TDP-43 is considered a cornerstone of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, there has been major controversy regarding the functional link between TDP-43 aggregates and cell death. In this review, we attempt to reconcile the current literature surrounding this debate by discussing the results and limitations of the published data relating TDP-43 aggregates to cytotoxicity, as well as therapeutic perspectives of TDP-43 aggregate clearance. We point out key data suggesting that the formation of TDP-43 aggregates and the capacity to self-template and propagate among cells as a 'prion-like' protein, another pathological property of TDP-43 aggregates, are a significant cause of motor neuronal death. We discuss the disparities among the various studies, particularly with respect to the type of models and the different forms of TDP-43 used to evaluate cellular toxicity. We also examine how these disparities can interfere with the interpretation of the results pertaining to a direct toxic effect of TDP-43 aggregates. Furthermore, we present perspectives for improving models in order to better uncover the toxic role of aggregated TDP-43. Finally, we review the recent studies on the enhancement of the cellular clearance mechanisms of autophagy, the ubiquitin proteasome system, and endocytosis in an attempt to counteract TDP-43 aggregation-induced toxicity. Altogether, the data available so far encourage us to suggest that the cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43 is key for the neurodegeneration observed in motor neurons in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The corresponding findings provide novel avenues toward early therapeutic interventions and clinical outcomes for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna A Chami
- UMR 1253, iBRAIN, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France
| | | | - Patrick Vourc'h
- UMR 1253, iBRAIN, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France.,CHU de Tours, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Tours, France
| | - Christian R Andres
- UMR 1253, iBRAIN, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France.,CHU de Tours, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Corcia
- UMR 1253, iBRAIN, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France.,CHU de Tours, Service de Neurologie, Tours, France
| | | | - Hélène Blasco
- UMR 1253, iBRAIN, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France.,CHU de Tours, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Tours, France
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Glial Cells-The Strategic Targets in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Treatment. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9010261. [PMID: 31963681 PMCID: PMC7020059 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurological disease, which is characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in the motor cortex and the spinal cord and subsequently by muscle atrophy. To date, numerous gene mutations have been linked to both sporadic and familial ALS, but the effort of many experimental groups to develop a suitable therapy has not, as of yet, proven successful. The original focus was on the degenerating motor neurons, when researchers tried to understand the pathological mechanisms that cause their slow death. However, it was soon discovered that ALS is a complicated and diverse pathology, where not only neurons, but also other cell types, play a crucial role via the so-called non-cell autonomous effect, which strongly deteriorates neuronal conditions. Subsequently, variable glia-based in vitro and in vivo models of ALS were established and used for brand-new experimental and clinical approaches. Such a shift towards glia soon bore its fruit in the form of several clinical studies, which more or less successfully tried to ward the unfavourable prognosis of ALS progression off. In this review, we aimed to summarize current knowledge regarding the involvement of each glial cell type in the progression of ALS, currently available treatments, and to provide an overview of diverse clinical trials covering pharmacological approaches, gene, and cell therapies.
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Devos D, Cabantchik ZI, Moreau C, Danel V, Mahoney-Sanchez L, Bouchaoui H, Gouel F, Rolland AS, Duce JA, Devedjian JC. Conservative iron chelation for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:189-203. [PMID: 31912279 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Focal iron accumulation associated with brain iron dyshomeostasis is a pathological hallmark of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDD). The application of iron-sensitive sequences in magnetic resonance imaging has provided a useful tool to identify the underlying NDD pathology. In the three major NDD, degeneration occurs in central nervous system (CNS) regions associated with memory (Alzheimer's disease, AD), automaticity (Parkinson's disease, PD) and motor function (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS), all of which require a high oxygen demand for harnessing neuronal energy. In PD, a progressive degeneration of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) is associated with the appearance of siderotic foci, largely caused by increased labile iron levels resulting from an imbalance between cell iron import, storage and export. At a molecular level, α-synuclein regulates dopamine and iron transport with PD-associated mutations in this protein causing functional disruption to these processes. Equally, in ALS, an early iron accumulation is present in neurons of the cortico-spinal motor pathway before neuropathology and secondary iron accumulation in microglia. High serum ferritin is an indicator of poor prognosis in ALS and the application of iron-sensitive sequences in magnetic resonance imaging has become a useful tool in identifying pathology. The molecular pathways that cascade down from such dyshomeostasis still remain to be fully elucidated but strong inroads have been made in recent years. Far from being a simple cause or consequence, it has recently been discovered that these alterations can trigger susceptibility to an iron-dependent cell-death pathway with unique lipoperoxidation signatures called ferroptosis. In turn, this has now provided insight into some key modulators of this cell-death pathway that could be therapeutic targets for the NDD. Interestingly, iron accumulation and ferroptosis are highly sensitive to iron chelation. However, whilst chelators that strongly scavenge intracellular iron protect against oxidative neuronal damage in mammalian models and are proven to be effective in treating systemic siderosis, these compounds are not clinically suitable due to the high risk of developing iatrogenic iron depletion and ensuing anaemia. Instead, a moderate iron chelation modality that conserves systemic iron offers a novel therapeutic strategy for neuroprotection. As demonstrated with the prototype chelator deferiprone, iron can be scavenged from labile iron complexes in the brain and transferred (conservatively) either to higher affinity acceptors in cells or extracellular transferrin. Promising preclinical and clinical proof of concept trials has led to several current large randomized clinical trials that aim to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of conservative iron chelation for NDD, notably in a long-term treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Devos
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Service de Neurologie NS-Park/FCRIN Network LICEND COEN Center Lille, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, INSERM, UMRS_1171, Lille, France.
- Service de Neurologie NS-Park/FCRIN Network LICEND COEN Center Lille, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, INSERM, UMRS_1171, Lille, France.
- Département de Pharmacologie Médicale, Université Lille INSERM 1171, CHU de Lille, 59037, Lille, France.
| | - Z Ioav Cabantchik
- Della Pergola Chair, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Caroline Moreau
- Service de Neurologie NS-Park/FCRIN Network LICEND COEN Center Lille, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, INSERM, UMRS_1171, Lille, France
| | - Véronique Danel
- Service de Neurologie NS-Park/FCRIN Network LICEND COEN Center Lille, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, INSERM, UMRS_1171, Lille, France
| | - Laura Mahoney-Sanchez
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Service de Neurologie NS-Park/FCRIN Network LICEND COEN Center Lille, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, INSERM, UMRS_1171, Lille, France
| | - Hind Bouchaoui
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Service de Neurologie NS-Park/FCRIN Network LICEND COEN Center Lille, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, INSERM, UMRS_1171, Lille, France
| | - Flore Gouel
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Service de Neurologie NS-Park/FCRIN Network LICEND COEN Center Lille, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, INSERM, UMRS_1171, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Rolland
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Service de Neurologie NS-Park/FCRIN Network LICEND COEN Center Lille, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, INSERM, UMRS_1171, Lille, France
| | - James A Duce
- The ALBORADA Drug Discovery Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jean-Christophe Devedjian
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Service de Neurologie NS-Park/FCRIN Network LICEND COEN Center Lille, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, INSERM, UMRS_1171, Lille, France
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-1, place de l'Yser, BP 72033, 59375, Dunkerque Cedex, France
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Gieseler A, Hillert R, Krusche A, Zacher KH. Theme 5 Human cell biology and pathology. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2019; 20:188-205. [PMID: 31702463 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2019.1646993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: The delay from onset of the first symptoms to a definite ALS diagnosis depends also on the elusiveness of the initial clinical manifestations. The lack of disease-specific biomarkers to detect early pathology when ALS is supposed complicates the situation. This latency reduces the therapeutic time frame, in which neuron-rescuing strategies exert their greatest chance to work. Various biomarkers are currently promised, but none of them are specific enough to allow monitoring of disease progression. This, as well as the heterogeneity of the disease concerning clinical onset pattern and survival rates, makes difficult the correct stratification of patients into clinical trials, masking the potential positive outcome in some patients.Objective: Our main objective is to establish and test an early diagnostic tool based on microscopic immune cell monitoring of ALS patients' blood samples by using the Toponome Imaging System (TIS).Methods: TIS is based on automatically controlled microscopic device involving conjugated dye-tag incubation, protein-tag-dye-imaging, and tag-dye bleaching (1). This leads to the collection of at least 21 cycle images of fixated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from freshly drawn blood of ALS patients and healthy "control" donors. Resulting data sets contain combinatorial molecular information about the spatial protein network, called toponome. The PBMC toponome architectures are quantitatively analyzed as a threshold-binary code with 1 = protein is present and 0 = protein is absent.Results: Preliminary screening data of PBMCs from 4 ALS patients reveal a subpopulation of lymphocytes expressing a specific surface protein pattern, called "ALS toponome". These aberrant T cells could not be found in blood samples of controls. We observe that the number of these cells correlate with the ALS progression rate of patients, supporting the conclusion that these cells may be causal for the disease.Discussion and conclusion: Although these findings open up a potential strategy to detect early ALS disease and to monitor disease progression, a statistical analysis with many more patients, as well as data based differentiation to other neurodegenerative diseases, is mandatory. A clinical trial initiated by our faceALS foundation with at least 60 patients classified in three subsets (1. control, 2. ALS, and 3. Multiple Sclerosis (MS)) and in close cooperation with leading ALS centres in Germany is still in progress. The detection of specific and/or aberrant immune cells in blood samples of ALS patients may provide a key to understand disease onset and progression, could be used for the "staging" of disease, and contribute to effective therapy options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gieseler
- FaceALS foundation, Centre for Neuroscientific Innovation and Technology (ZENIT), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Reyk Hillert
- FaceALS foundation, Centre for Neuroscientific Innovation and Technology (ZENIT), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Krusche
- FaceALS foundation, Centre for Neuroscientific Innovation and Technology (ZENIT), Magdeburg, Germany
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Halpern M, Brennand KJ, Gregory J. Examining the relationship between astrocyte dysfunction and neurodegeneration in ALS using hiPSCs. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104562. [PMID: 31381978 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex and fatal neurodegenerative disease for which the causes of disease onset and progression remain unclear. Recent advances in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based models permit the study of the genetic factors associated with ALS in patient-derived neural cell types, including motor neurons and glia. While astrocyte dysfunction has traditionally been thought to exacerbate disease progression, astrocytic dysfunction may play a more direct role in disease initiation and progression. Such non-cell autonomous mechanisms expand the potential targets of therapeutic intervention, but only a handful of ALS risk-associated genes have been examined for their impact on astrocyte dysfunction and neurodegeneration. This review summarizes what is currently known about astrocyte function in ALS and suggests ways in which hiPSC-based models can be used to more effectively study the role of astrocytes in neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Halpern
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Kristen J Brennand
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America; Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America.
| | - James Gregory
- Center for Genomics of Neurodegenerative Disease, New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, United States of America.
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Berning BA, Walker AK. The Pathobiology of TDP-43 C-Terminal Fragments in ALS and FTLD. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:335. [PMID: 31031584 PMCID: PMC6470282 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During neurodegenerative disease, the multifunctional RNA-binding protein TDP-43 undergoes a vast array of post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, and cleavage. Many of these alterations may directly contribute to the pathogenesis of TDP-43 proteinopathies, which include most forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and approximately half of all frontotemporal dementia, pathologically identified as frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with TDP-43 pathology. However, the relative contributions of the various TDP-43 post-translational modifications to disease remain unclear, and indeed some may be secondary epiphenomena rather than disease-causative. It is therefore critical to determine the involvement of each modification in disease processes to allow the design of targeted treatments. In particular, TDP-43 C-terminal fragments (CTFs) accumulate in the brains of people with ALS and FTLD and are therefore described as a neuropathological signature of these diseases. Remarkably, these TDP-43 CTFs are rarely observed in the spinal cord, even in ALS which involves dramatic degeneration of spinal motor neurons. Therefore, TDP-43 CTFs are not produced non-specifically in the course of all forms of TDP-43-related neurodegeneration, but rather variably arise due to additional factors influenced by regional heterogeneity in the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize how TDP-43 CTFs are generated and degraded by cells, and critique evidence from studies of TDP-43 CTF pathology in human disease tissues, as well as cell and animal models, to analyze the pathophysiological relevance of TDP-43 CTFs to ALS and FTLD. Numerous studies now indicate that, although TDP-43 CTFs are prevalent in ALS and FTLD brains, disease-related pathology is only variably reproduced in TDP-43 CTF cell culture models. Furthermore, TDP-43 CTF expression in both transgenic and viral-mediated in vivo models largely fails to induce motor or behavioral dysfunction reminiscent of human disease. We therefore conclude that although TDP-43 CTFs are a hallmark of TDP-43-related neurodegeneration in the brain, they are not a primary cause of ALS or FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt A. Berning
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adam K. Walker
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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Halon-Golabek M, Borkowska A, Herman-Antosiewicz A, Antosiewicz J. Iron Metabolism of the Skeletal Muscle and Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:165. [PMID: 30949015 PMCID: PMC6436082 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies clearly indicate that the endocrine function of the skeletal muscle is essential for a long and healthy life. Regular exercise, which has been shown to stimulate the release of myokines, lowers the risk of many diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, emphasizing the role of skeletal muscle in proper functioning of other tissues. In addition, exercise increases insulin sensitivity, which may also impact iron metabolism. Even though the role of iron in neurodegeneration is well established, the exact mechanisms of iron toxicity are not known. Interestingly, exercise has been shown to modulate iron metabolism, mainly by reducing body iron stores. Insulin signaling and iron metabolism are interconnected, as high tissue iron stores are associated with insulin resistance, and conversely, impaired insulin signaling may lead to iron accumulation in an affected tissue. Excess iron accumulation in tissue triggers iron-dependent oxidative stress. Further, iron overload in the skeletal muscle not only negatively affects muscle contractility but also might impact its endocrine function, thus possibly affecting the clinical outcome of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss possible mechanisms of iron dependent oxidative stress in skeletal muscle, its impact on muscle mass and endocrine function, as well as on neurodegeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Halon-Golabek
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andzelika Borkowska
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Herman-Antosiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jedrzej Antosiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
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Prasad A, Bharathi V, Sivalingam V, Girdhar A, Patel BK. Molecular Mechanisms of TDP-43 Misfolding and Pathology in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:25. [PMID: 30837838 PMCID: PMC6382748 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a versatile RNA/DNA binding protein involved in RNA-related metabolism. Hyper-phosphorylated and ubiquitinated TDP-43 deposits act as inclusion bodies in the brain and spinal cord of patients with the motor neuron diseases: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). While the majority of ALS cases (90-95%) are sporadic (sALS), among familial ALS cases 5-10% involve the inheritance of mutations in the TARDBP gene and the remaining (90-95%) are due to mutations in other genes such as: C9ORF72, SOD1, FUS, and NEK1 etc. Strikingly however, the majority of sporadic ALS patients (up to 97%) also contain the TDP-43 protein deposited in the neuronal inclusions, which suggests of its pivotal role in the ALS pathology. Thus, unraveling the molecular mechanisms of the TDP-43 pathology seems central to the ALS therapeutics, hence, we comprehensively review the current understanding of the TDP-43's pathology in ALS. We discuss the roles of TDP-43's mutations, its cytoplasmic mis-localization and aberrant post-translational modifications in ALS. Also, we evaluate TDP-43's amyloid-like in vitro aggregation, its physiological vs. pathological oligomerization in vivo, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), and potential prion-like propagation propensity of the TDP-43 inclusions. Finally, we describe the various evolving TDP-43-induced toxicity mechanisms, such as the impairment of endocytosis and mitotoxicity etc. and also discuss the emerging strategies toward TDP-43 disaggregation and ALS therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Basant K. Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, India
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Joppe K, Roser AE, Maass F, Lingor P. The Contribution of Iron to Protein Aggregation Disorders in the Central Nervous System. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:15. [PMID: 30723395 PMCID: PMC6350163 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The homeostasis of iron is of fundamental importance in the central nervous system (CNS) to ensure biological processes such as oxygen transport, mitochondrial respiration or myelin synthesis. Dyshomeostasis and accumulation of iron can be observed during aging and both are shared characteristics of several neurodegenerative diseases. Iron-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may lead to protein aggregation and cellular toxicity. The process of misfolding and aggregation of neuronal proteins such as α-synuclein, Tau, amyloid beta (Aβ), TDP-43 or SOD1 is a common hallmark of many neurodegenerative disorders and iron has been shown to facilitate protein aggregation. Thus, both, iron and aggregating proteins are proposed to amplify their detrimental effects in the disease state. In this review, we give an overview on effects of iron on aggregation of different proteins involved in neurodegeneration. Furthermore, we discuss the proposed mechanisms of iron-mediated toxicity and protein aggregation emphasizing the red-ox chemistry and protein-binding properties of iron. Finally, we address current therapeutic approaches harnessing iron chelation as a disease-modifying intervention in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Joppe
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna-Elisa Roser
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Maass
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paul Lingor
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany.,Rechts der Isar Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Petillon C, Hergesheimer R, Puy H, Corcia P, Vourc'h P, Andres C, Karim Z, Blasco H. The Relevancy of Data Regarding the Metabolism of Iron to Our Understanding of Deregulated Mechanisms in ALS; Hypotheses and Pitfalls. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1031. [PMID: 30697143 PMCID: PMC6341213 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of motor neurons. Its etiology remains unknown, but several pathophysiological mechanisms are beginning to explain motor neuronal death, as well as oxidative stress. Iron accumulation has been observed in both sporadic and familial forms of ALS, including mouse models. Therefore, the dysregulation of iron metabolism could play a role in the pathological oxidative stress in ALS. Several studies have been undertaken to describe iron-related metabolic markers, in most cases focusing on metabolites in the bloodstream due to few available data in the central nervous system. Reports of accumulation of iron, high serum ferritin, and low serum transferrin levels in ALS patients have encouraged researchers to consider dysregulated iron metabolism as an integral part of ALS pathophysiology. However, it appears complicated to suggest a general mechanism due to the diversity of models and iron markers studied, including the lack of consensus among all of the studies. Regarding clinical study reports, most of them do not take into account confusion biases such as inflammation, renal dysfunction, and nutritional status. Furthermore, the iron regulatory pathways, particularly involving hepcidin, have not been thoroughly explored yet within the pathogenesis of iron overload in ALS. In this sense, it is also essential to explore the relation between iron overload and other ALS-related events, such as neuro-inflammation, protein aggregation, and iron-driven cell death, termed ferroptosis. In this review, we point out limits of the designs of certain studies that may prevent the understanding of the role of iron in ALS and discuss the relevance of the published data regarding the pathogenic impact of iron metabolism deregulation in this disease and the therapeutics targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hervé Puy
- Centre de Recherches sur l'Inflammation, Equipe "Hème, Fer et Maladies Inflammatoires", UMR 1149/ERL CNRS 8252, Université Paris Diderot Paris 7, UFR de Médecine Site Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Corcia
- INSERM, U1253, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Centre SLA, Service de Neurologie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Patrick Vourc'h
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.,INSERM, U1253, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Christian Andres
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.,INSERM, U1253, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Zoubida Karim
- Centre de Recherches sur l'Inflammation, Equipe "Hème, Fer et Maladies Inflammatoires", UMR 1149/ERL CNRS 8252, Université Paris Diderot Paris 7, UFR de Médecine Site Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Blasco
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.,INSERM, U1253, Université de Tours, Tours, France
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