1
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Tassinari ID, Rodrigues FDS, Bertram C, Mendes-da-Cruz DA, Guedes RP, Paz AH, Bambini-Junior V, de Fraga LS. Lactate Protects Microglia and Neurons from Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1762-1781. [PMID: 38551797 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Lactate has received attention as a potential therapeutic intervention for brain diseases, particularly those including energy deficit, exacerbated inflammation, and disrupted redox status, such as cerebral ischemia. However, lactate roles in metabolic or signaling pathways in neural cells remain elusive in the hypoxic and ischemic contexts. Here, we tested the effects of lactate on the survival of a microglial (BV-2) and a neuronal (SH-SY5Y) cell lines during oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) or OGD followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R). Lactate signaling was studied by using 3,5-DHBA, an exogenous agonist of lactate receptor GPR81. Inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) or monocarboxylate transporters (MCT), using oxamate or 4-CIN, respectively, was performed to evaluate the impact of lactate metabolization and transport on cell viability. The OGD lasted 6 h and the reoxygenation lasted 24 h following OGD (OGD/R). Cell viability, extracellular lactate concentrations, microglial intracellular pH and TNF-ɑ release, and neurite elongation were evaluated. Lactate or 3,5-DHBA treatment during OGD increased microglial survival during reoxygenation. Inhibition of lactate metabolism and transport impaired microglial and neuronal viability. OGD led to intracellular acidification in BV-2 cells, and reoxygenation increased the release of TNF-ɑ, which was reverted by lactate and 3,5-DHBA treatment. Our results suggest that lactate plays a dual role in OGD, acting as a metabolic and a signaling molecule in BV-2 and SH-SY5Y cells. Lactate metabolism and transport are vital for cell survival during OGD. Moreover, lactate treatment and GPR81 activation during OGD promote long-term adaptations that potentially protect cells against secondary cell death during reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora D'Ávila Tassinari
- Graduate Program in Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 90050-003, Brazil
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Fernanda da Silva Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Craig Bertram
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Daniella Arêas Mendes-da-Cruz
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Ana Helena Paz
- Graduate Program in Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 90050-003, Brazil
| | - Victorio Bambini-Junior
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Luciano Stürmer de Fraga
- Graduate Program in Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 90050-003, Brazil.
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2
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Meng X, Song Q, Liu Z, Liu X, Wang Y, Liu J. Neurotoxic β-amyloid oligomers cause mitochondrial dysfunction-the trigger for PANoptosis in neurons. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1400544. [PMID: 38808033 PMCID: PMC11130508 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1400544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
As the global population ages, the incidence of elderly patients with dementia, represented by Alzheimer's disease (AD), will continue to increase. Previous studies have suggested that β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition is a key factor leading to AD. However, the clinical efficacy of treating AD with anti-Aβ protein antibodies is not satisfactory, suggesting that Aβ amyloidosis may be a pathological change rather than a key factor leading to AD. Identification of the causes of AD and development of corresponding prevention and treatment strategies is an important goal of current research. Following the discovery of soluble oligomeric forms of Aβ (AβO) in 1998, scientists began to focus on the neurotoxicity of AβOs. As an endogenous neurotoxin, the active growth of AβOs can lead to neuronal death, which is believed to occur before plaque formation, suggesting that AβOs are the key factors leading to AD. PANoptosis, a newly proposed concept of cell death that includes known modes of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, is a form of cell death regulated by the PANoptosome complex. Neuronal survival depends on proper mitochondrial function. Under conditions of AβO interference, mitochondrial dysfunction occurs, releasing lethal contents as potential upstream effectors of the PANoptosome. Considering the critical role of neurons in cognitive function and the development of AD as well as the regulatory role of mitochondrial function in neuronal survival, investigation of the potential mechanisms leading to neuronal PANoptosis is crucial. This review describes the disruption of neuronal mitochondrial function by AβOs and elucidates how AβOs may activate neuronal PANoptosis by causing mitochondrial dysfunction during the development of AD, providing guidance for the development of targeted neuronal treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jinyu Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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3
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Thangavel R, Kaur H, Dubova I, Selvakumar GP, Ahmed ME, Raikwar SP, Govindarajan R, Kempuraj D. Parkinson's Disease Dementia Patients: Expression of Glia Maturation Factor in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1182. [PMID: 38256254 PMCID: PMC11154259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the presence of dopaminergic neuronal loss and motor disorders. PD dementia (PDD) is a cognitive disorder that affects many PD patients. We have previously demonstrated the proinflammatory role of the glia maturation factor (GMF) in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in AD, PD, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in human brains and animal models. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of the GMF in the human PDD brain. We analyzed the expression pattern of the GMF protein in conjunction with amyloid plaques (APs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum of PDD brains using immunostaining. We detected a large number of GMF-positive glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) reactive astrocytes, especially abundant in areas with degenerating dopaminergic neurons within the SN and striatum in PDD. Additionally, we observed excess levels of GMF in glial cells in the vicinity of APs, and NFTs in the SN and striatum of PDD and non-PDD patients. We found that the majority of GMF-positive immunoreactive glial cells were co-localized with GFAP-reactive astrocytes. Our findings suggest that the GMF may be involved in the pathogenesis of PDD.
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Ali T, Klein AN, McDonald K, Johansson L, Mukherjee PG, Hallbeck M, Doh-Ura K, Schatzl HM, Gilch S. Cellulose ether treatment inhibits amyloid beta aggregation, neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits in transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:177. [PMID: 37507761 PMCID: PMC10375631 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable, progressive and devastating neurodegenerative disease. Pathogenesis of AD is associated with the aggregation and accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ), a major neurotoxic mediator that triggers neuroinflammation and memory impairment. Recently, we found that cellulose ether compounds (CEs) have beneficial effects against prion diseases by inhibiting protein misfolding and replication of prions, which share their replication mechanism with Aβ. CEs are FDA-approved safe additives in foods and pharmaceuticals. Herein, for the first time we determined the therapeutic effects of the representative CE (TC-5RW) in AD using in vitro and in vivo models. Our in vitro studies showed that TC-5RW inhibits Aβ aggregation, as well as neurotoxicity and immunoreactivity in Aβ-exposed human and murine neuroblastoma cells. In in vivo studies, for the first time we observed that single and weekly TC-5RW administration, respectively, improved memory functions of transgenic 5XFAD mouse model of AD. We further demonstrate that TC-5RW treatment of 5XFAD mice significantly inhibited Aβ oligomer and plaque burden and its associated neuroinflammation via regulating astrogliosis, microgliosis and proinflammatory mediator glial maturation factor beta (GMFβ). Additionally, we determined that TC-5RW reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced activated gliosis and GMFβ in vitro. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that CEs have therapeutic effects against Aβ pathologies and cognitive impairments, and direct, potent anti-inflammatory activity to rescue neuroinflammation. Therefore, these FDA-approved compounds are effective candidates for developing therapeutics for AD and related neurodegenerative diseases associated with protein misfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ali
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Antonia N Klein
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Keegan McDonald
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Lovisa Johansson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, 58185, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Martin Hallbeck
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, 58185, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Katsumi Doh-Ura
- Department of Neurochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hermann M Schatzl
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sabine Gilch
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Banarase TA, Sammeta SS, Wankhede NL, Mangrulkar SV, Rahangdale SR, Aglawe MM, Taksande BG, Upaganlawar AB, Umekar MJ, Kale MB. Mitophagy regulation in aging and neurodegenerative disease. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:239-255. [PMID: 37124925 PMCID: PMC10133433 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the primary cellular energy generators, supplying the majority of adenosine triphosphate through oxidative phosphorylation, which is necessary for neuron function and survival. Mitophagy is the metabolic process of eliminating dysfunctional or redundant mitochondria. It is a type of autophagy and it is crucial for maintaining mitochondrial and neuronal health. Impaired mitophagy leads to an accumulation of damaged mitochondria and proteins leading to the dysregulation of mitochondrial quality control processes. Recent research shows the vital role of mitophagy in neurons and the pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative diseases. Mitophagy also plays a major role in the process of aging. This review describes the alterations that are being caused in the mitophagy process at the molecular level in aging and in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also looks at how mitophagy can be exploited as a therapeutic target for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trupti A. Banarase
- Division of Neuroscience, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra India 441002
| | - Shivkumar S. Sammeta
- Division of Neuroscience, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra India 441002
| | - Nitu L. Wankhede
- Division of Neuroscience, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra India 441002
| | - Shubhada V. Mangrulkar
- Division of Neuroscience, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra India 441002
| | - Sandip R. Rahangdale
- Division of Neuroscience, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra India 441002
| | - Manish M. Aglawe
- Division of Neuroscience, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra India 441002
| | - Brijesh G. Taksande
- Division of Neuroscience, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra India 441002
| | - Aman B. Upaganlawar
- SNJB’s Shriman Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad, Nashik, Maharashtra India 423101
| | - Milind J. Umekar
- Division of Neuroscience, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra India 441002
| | - Mayur B. Kale
- Division of Neuroscience, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra India 441002
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6
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Two polyphenols isolated from Corallodiscus flabellata B. L. Burtt ameliorate amyloid β-protein induced Alzheimer's disease neuronal injury by improving mitochondrial homeostasis. Behav Brain Res 2023; 440:114264. [PMID: 36535434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Corallodiscus flabellata B. L. Burtt (CF) is a Chinese folk herb with reported potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol-8-O-[4-O-trans-caffeoyl-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→6)][1]-β-D-glucopyranoside (SDC-1-8) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) are two polyphenolic compounds isolated from CF. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of SDC-1-8 and HT on an Aβ25-35-induced AD model and to study the underlying mechanism. The AD mouse model was established using a brain injection of amyloid β-protein 25-35 (Aβ25-35, 200 μM), followed by continuous administration of SDC-1-8 and HT for 4 weeks, and found that they improved cognitive dysfunction; ameliorated neuronal damage and apoptosis; decreased oxidative stress, and mitochondrial fission protein levels; and increased mitochondrial fusion protein levels in AD mice. Moreover, SDC-1-8 and HT inhibited mitochondrial membrane depolarization, reduced intracellular stored Ca2+ levels, enhanced mitochondrial respiration, increased mitochondrial fusion, and decreased mitochondrial division in Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cells even in the presence of mdivi-1. Furthermore, molecular docking simulations showed that SDC-1-8 and HT interacted with dynamin-related protein 1 with higher affinity than mitofusin 1. Thus, it is summarized that SDC-1-8 and HT may have neuroprotective effects by balancing the abnormalities of mitochondrial fission and fusion, and SDC-1-8 and HT are the components providing the therapeutic basis of CF.
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7
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Mizutani H, Sato Y, Yamazaki M, Yoshizawa T, Ando Y, Ueda M, Yamagata K. SIRT7 Deficiency Protects against Aβ 42-Induced Apoptosis through the Regulation of NOX4-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species Production in SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169027. [PMID: 36012298 PMCID: PMC9408927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by irreversible memory loss and cognitive decline. The deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ), especially aggregation-prone Aβ42, is considered to be an early event preceding neurodegeneration in AD. Sirtuins (SIRT1-7 in mammals) are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent lysine deacetylases/deacylases, and several sirtuins play important roles in AD. However, the involvement of SIRT7 in AD pathogenesis is not known. Here, we demonstrate that SIRT7 mRNA expression is increased in the cortex, entorhinal cortex, and prefrontal cortex of AD patients. We also found that Aβ42 treatment rapidly increased NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression at the post-transcriptional level, and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. In contrast, SIRT7 knockdown inhibited Aβ42-induced ROS production and apoptosis by suppressing the upregulation of NOX4. Collectively, these findings suggest that the inhibition of SIRT7 may play a beneficial role in AD pathogenesis through the regulation of ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Mizutani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Sato
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (K.Y.); Tel.: +81-96-373-5068 (Y.S. & K.Y.); Fax: +81-96-364-6940 (Y.S. & K.Y.)
| | - Masaya Yamazaki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yoshizawa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yukio Ando
- Department of Amyloidosis Research, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamagata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (K.Y.); Tel.: +81-96-373-5068 (Y.S. & K.Y.); Fax: +81-96-364-6940 (Y.S. & K.Y.)
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8
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de la Cueva M, Antequera D, Ordoñez-Gutierrez L, Wandosell F, Camins A, Carro E, Bartolome F. Amyloid-β impairs mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy in Alzheimer's disease experimental models. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10092. [PMID: 35710783 PMCID: PMC9203760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The most accepted hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the amyloid cascade which establishes that Aβ accumulation may induce the disease development. This accumulation may occur years before the clinical symptoms but it has not been elucidated if this accumulation is the cause or the consequence of AD. It is however, clear that Aβ accumulation exerts toxic effects in the cerebral cells. It is important then to investigate all possible associated events that may help to design new therapeutic strategies to defeat or ameliorate the symptoms in AD. Alterations in the mitochondrial physiology have been found in AD but it is not still clear if they could be an early event in the disease progression associated to amyloidosis or other conditions. Using APP/PS1 mice, our results support published evidence and show imbalances in the mitochondrial dynamics in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of these mice representing very early events in the disease progression. We demonstrate in cellular models that these imbalances are consequence of Aβ accumulation that ultimately induce increased mitophagy, a mechanism which selectively removes damaged mitochondria by autophagy. Along with increased mitophagy, we also found that Aβ independently increases autophagy in APP/PS1 mice. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction could be an early feature in AD, associated with amyloid overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena de la Cueva
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Desiree Antequera
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Ordoñez-Gutierrez
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Wandosell
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Camins
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Carro
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Bartolome
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain.
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Li L, Cai D, Zhong H, Liu F, Jiang Q, Liang J, Li P, Song Y, Ji A, Jiao W, Song J, Li J, Chen Z, Li Q, Ke L. Mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis indicators may serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:307. [PMID: 35340870 PMCID: PMC8931634 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to challenges in diagnosing myasthenia gravis (MG), identifying novel diagnostic biomarkers for this disease is essential. Mitochondria are key organelles that regulate multiple physiological functions, such as energy production, cell proliferation and cell death. In the present study, Mfn1/2, Opa1, Drp1, Fis1, AMPK, PGC-1α, NRF-1 and TFAM were compared between patients with MG and healthy subjects to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers for MG. Blood samples were collected from 50 patients with MG and 50 healthy subjects. The participants' demographic information and routine blood test results were recorded. Mitochondrial dynamics were evaluated and levels of Mfn1/2, Opa1, Drp1, Fis1, AMPK, PGC-1α, NRF-1 and TFAM were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of these indicators. The areas under the curve values of Mfn1/2, Opa1, Drp1, Fis1,AMPK, PGC-1α, NRF-1 and TFAM were 0.5408-0.8696. Compared with control subjects, mRNA expression levels of Mfn1/2, Opa1, AMPK, PGC-1α, NRF-1 and TFAM were lower, while those of Drp1 and Fis1 were higher in patients with MG. The protein expression levels of all these molecules were lower in patients with MG than in control subjects. These results suggested that mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis indicators may be diagnostic biomarkers for MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanqi Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Donghong Cai
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Huiya Zhong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Fengbin Liu
- Department of Gastrosplenic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Qilong Jiang
- Department of Gastrosplenic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Department of Gastrosplenic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Yafang Song
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Aidong Ji
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jiao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Jingwei Song
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Jinqiu Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Lingling Ke
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
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10
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Mani S, Swargiary G, Singh M, Agarwal S, Dey A, Ojha S, Jha NK. Mitochondrial defects: An emerging theranostic avenue towards Alzheimer's associated dysregulations. Life Sci 2021; 285:119985. [PMID: 34592237 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a crucial role in expediting the energy homeostasis under varying environmental conditions. As mitochondria are controllers of both energy production and apoptotic pathways, they are also distinctively involved in controlling the neuronal cell survival and/or death. Numerous factors are responsible for mitochondria to get degraded with aging and huge functional failures in mitochondria are also found to be associated with the commencement of numerous neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). A large number of existing literatures promote the pivotal role of mitochondrial damage and oxidative impairment in the pathogenesis of AD. Numerous mitochondria associated processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis, fission, fusion, mitophagy, transportation and bioenergetics are crucial for proper functioning of mitochondria but are reported to be defective in AD patients. Though, the knowledge on the precise and in-depth mechanisms of these actions is still in infancy. Based upon the outcome of various significant studies, mitochondria are also being considered as therapeutic targets for AD. Here, we review the current status of mitochondrial defects in AD and also summarize the possible role of these defects in the pathogenesis of AD. The various approaches for developing the mitochondria-targeted therapies are also discussed here in detail. Consequently, it is suggested that improving mitochondrial activity via pharmacological and/or non-pharmacological interventions could postpone the onset and slow the development of AD. Further research and consequences of ongoing clinical trials should extend our understanding and help to validate conclusions regarding the causation of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mani
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, UP 201307, India.
| | - Geeta Swargiary
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, UP 201307, India
| | - Manisha Singh
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, UP 201307, India
| | | | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
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11
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Inhibition of calpain reduces cell apoptosis by suppressing mitochondrial fission in acute viral myocarditis. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 38:487-504. [PMID: 34365571 PMCID: PMC9200683 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is critical for the development of viral myocarditis (VMC), which is one of the leading causes of cardiac sudden death in young adults. Our previous studies have demonstrated that elevated calpain activity is involved in the pathogenesis of VMC. This study aimed to further explore the underlying mechanisms. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) and transgenic mice overexpressing calpastatin were infected with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) to establish a VMC model. Apoptosis was detected with flow cytometry, TUNEL staining, and western blotting. Cardiac function was measured using echocardiography. Mitochondrial function was measured using ATP assays, JC-1, and MitoSOX. Mitochondrial morphology was observed using MitoTracker staining and transmission electron microscopy. Colocalization of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp-1) in mitochondria was examined using immunofluorescence. Phosphorylation levels of Drp-1 at Ser637 site were determined using western blotting analysis. We found that CVB3 infection impaired mitochondrial function as evidenced by increased mitochondrial ROS production, decreased ATP production and mitochondrial membrane potential, induced myocardial apoptosis and damage, and decreased myocardial function. These effects of CVB3 infection were attenuated by inhibition of calpain both by PD150606 treatment and calpastatin overexpression. Furthermore, CVB3-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with the accumulation of Drp-1 in the outer membrane of mitochondria and subsequent increase in mitochondrial fission. Mechanistically, calpain cleaved and activated calcineurin A, which dephosphorylated Drp-1 at Ser637 site and promoted its accumulation in the mitochondria, leading to mitochondrial fission and dysfunction. In summary, calpain inhibition attenuated CVB3-induced myocarditis by reducing mitochondrial fission, thereby inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Graphical abstract Calpain is activated by CVB3 infection. Activated calpain cleaves calcineurin A and converts it to active form which could dephosphorylate Drp-1 at Ser637 site. Then, the active Drp-1 translocates from the cytoplasm to mitochondria and triggers excessive mitochondrial fission. Eventually, the balance of mitochondrial dynamics is broken, and apoptosis occurs. ![]()
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12
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Li X, Huang L, Lan J, Feng X, Li P, Wu L, Peng Y. Molecular mechanisms of mitophagy and its roles in neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105240. [PMID: 33053441 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are the most common diseases of the nervous system in elderly people, which are currently incurable and cause great burden to families and societies. Mitochondria are the energy factory of the cell and have extremely important effects on neuronal function. The elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria is essential for the mitochondrial metabolic homeostasis, energy supply, and neuronal survival. Recent studies suggest that the impaired mitophagy may lead to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and therefore contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. This review mainly focuses on mitophagy, mitochondrial dynamics, and their abnormal changes in neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the therapeutic strategies targeting mitophagy that have shown promise in recent preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Longjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiaqi Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xinhong Feng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Pingping Li
- China National Center for Biotechnology Development, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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13
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Kempuraj D, Ahmed ME, Selvakumar GP, Thangavel R, Raikwar SP, Zaheer SA, Iyer SS, Govindarajan R, Nattanmai Chandrasekaran P, Burton C, James D, Zaheer A. Acute Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Neuroinflammatory Response and Neurovascular Disorders in the Brain. Neurotox Res 2020; 39:359-368. [PMID: 32955722 PMCID: PMC7502806 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, cognitive decline, psychological disorders, increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and microvascular damage in the brain. Inflammatory mediators secreted from activated glial cells, neurons, and mast cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of TBI through secondary brain damage. Abnormalities or damage to the neurovascular unit is the indication of secondary injuries in the brain after TBI. However, the precise mechanisms of molecular and ultrastructural neurovascular alterations involved in the pathogenesis of acute TBI are not yet clearly understood. Moreover, currently, there are no precision-targeted effective treatment options to prevent the sequelae of TBI. In this study, mice were subjected to closed head weight-drop-induced acute TBI and evaluated neuroinflammatory and neurovascular alterations in the brain by immunofluorescence staining or quantitation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure. Mast cell stabilizer drug cromolyn was administered to inhibit the neuroinflammatory response of TBI. Results indicate decreased level of pericyte marker platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFR-β) and BBB-associated tight junction proteins junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the brains 7 days after weight-drop-induced acute TBI as compared with the brains from sham control mice indicating acute TBI-associated BBB/tight junction protein disruption. Further, the administration of cromolyn drug significantly inhibited acute TBI-associated decrease of PDGFR-β, JAM-A, and ZO-1 in the brain. These findings suggest that acute TBI causes BBB/tight junction damage and that cromolyn administration could protect this acute TBI-induced brain damage as well as its long-time consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA. .,The Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA.,The Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA.,The Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA.,The Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sudhanshu P Raikwar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA.,The Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Smita A Zaheer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA.,The Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shankar S Iyer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA.,The Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Raghav Govindarajan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Asgar Zaheer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA. .,The Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA.
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14
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Selvakumar GP, Ahmed ME, Iyer SS, Thangavel R, Kempuraj D, Raikwar SP, Bazley K, Wu K, Khan A, Kukulka K, Bussinger B, Zaheer S, Burton C, James D, Zaheer A. Absence of Glia Maturation Factor Protects from Axonal Injury and Motor Behavioral Impairments after Traumatic Brain Injury. Exp Neurobiol 2020; 29:230-248. [PMID: 32565489 PMCID: PMC7344375 DOI: 10.5607/en20017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes disability and death, accelerating the progression towards Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease (PD). TBI causes serious motor and cognitive impairments, as seen in PD that arise during the period of the initial insult. However, this has been understudied relative to TBI induced neuroinflammation, motor and cognitive decline that progress towards PD. Neuronal ubiquitin-C-terminal hydrolase- L1 (UCHL1) is a thiol protease that breaks down ubiquitinated proteins and its level represents the severity of TBI. Previously, we demonstrated the molecular action of glia maturation factor (GMF); a proinflammatory protein in mediating neuroinflammation and neuronal loss. Here, we show that the weight drop method induced TBI neuropathology using behavioral tests, western blotting, and immunofluorescence techniques on sections from wild type (WT) and GMF-deficient (GMF-KO) mice. Results reveal a significant improvement in substantia nigral tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter expression with motor behavioral performance in GMF-KO mice following TBI. In addition, a significant reduction in neuroinflammation was manifested, as shown by activation of nuclear factor-kB, reduced levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase- 2 expressions. Likewise, neurotrophins including brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial-derived neurotrophic factor were significantly improved in GMF-KO mice than WT 72 h post-TBI. Consistently, we found that TBI enhances GFAP and UCHL-1 expression and reduces the number of dopaminergic TH-positive neurons in WT compared to GMF-KO mice 72 h post-TBI. Interestingly, we observed a reduction of THpositive tanycytes in the median eminence of WT than GMF-KO mice. Overall, we found that absence of GMF significantly reversed these neuropathological events and improved behavioral outcome. This study provides evidence that PD-associated pathology progression can be initiated upon induction of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Shankar S Iyer
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Sudhanshu P Raikwar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Kieran Bazley
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Kristopher Wu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Asher Khan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Klaudia Kukulka
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Bret Bussinger
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Smita Zaheer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | | | | | - Asgar Zaheer
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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15
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Mui D, Zhang Y. Mitochondrial scenario: roles of mitochondrial dynamics in acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:1-5. [PMID: 32583708 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1784938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The main therapeutic strategy currently used for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is to open occluded coronary arteries, a process defined as blood reperfusion. However, blood reperfusion will increase cardiac mortality, tissue damage and cardiac dysfunction in patients with AMI, which is mechanically defined as "ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury". It is currently believed that mitochondrial dynamics plays a key role in myocardial I/R, especially excessive mitochondrial fission, which is the main cause of cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, in the process of I/R injury, effective drug intervention and correct treatment strategies can be used to regulate mitochondrial dynamic balance to combat ischemia-reperfusion injury, which can play a huge role in improving the prognosis of patients. This review summarized the effects of mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial fusion balance on myocardial and mitochondrial functional changes during myocardial I/R injury. Finally, combined with the previous injury mechanisms, this review also briefly described some drug intervention that may be beneficial to clinical practice to improve the postoperative quality of life of patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mui
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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16
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Mast Cell Activation, Neuroinflammation, and Tight Junction Protein Derangement in Acute Traumatic Brain Injury. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:4243953. [PMID: 32684835 PMCID: PMC7333064 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4243953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major health problems worldwide that causes death or permanent disability through primary and secondary damages in the brain. TBI causes primary brain damage and activates glial cells and immune and inflammatory cells, including mast cells in the brain associated with neuroinflammatory responses that cause secondary brain damage. Though the survival rate and the neurological deficiencies have shown significant improvement in many TBI patients with newer therapeutic options, the underlying pathophysiology of TBI-mediated neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and cognitive dysfunctions is understudied. In this study, we analyzed mast cells and neuroinflammation in weight drop-induced TBI. We analyzed mast cell activation by toluidine blue staining, serum chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), a mast cell and inflammation-associated protein, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and blood-brain barrier tight junction-associated claudin 5 and Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein expression in the brains of TBI mice. Mast cell activation and its numbers increased in the brains of 24 h and 72 h TBI when compared with sham control brains without TBI. Mouse brains after TBI show increased CCL2, PAR-2, and VEGFR2 expression and derangement of claudin 5 and ZO-1 expression as compared with sham control brains. TBI can cause mast cell activation, neuroinflammation, and derangement of tight junction proteins associated with increased BBB permeability. We suggest that inhibition of mast cell activation can suppress neuroimmune responses and glial cell activation-associated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in TBI.
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17
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Ahmed ME, Selvakumar GP, Kempuraj D, Raikwar SP, Thangavel R, Bazley K, Wu K, Khan O, Kukulka K, Bussinger B, Dubova I, Zaheer S, Govindarajan R, Iyer S, Burton C, James D, Zaheer A. Neuroinflammation Mediated by Glia Maturation Factor Exacerbates Neuronal Injury in an in vitro Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:1645-1655. [PMID: 32200671 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the primary cause of death and disability affecting over 10 million people in the industrialized world. TBI causes a wide spectrum of secondary molecular and cellular complications in the brain. However, the pathological events are still not yet fully understood. Previously, we have shown that the glia maturation factor (GMF) is a mediator of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. To identify the potential molecular pathways accompanying TBI, we used an in vitro cell culture model of TBI. A standardized injury was induced by scalpel cut through a mixed primary cell culture of astrocytes, microglia and neurons obtained from both wild type (WT) and GMF-deficient (GMF-KO) mice. Cell culture medium and whole-cell lysates were collected at 24, 48, and 72 h after the scalpel cuts injury and probed for oxidative stress using immunofluorescence analysis. Results showed that oxidative stress markers such as glutathione and glutathione peroxidase were significantly reduced, while release of cytosolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase along with nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 were significantly increased in injured WT cells compared with injured GMF-KO cells. In addition, injured WT cells showed increased levels of oxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine compared with injured GMF-KO cells. Further, we found that injured WT cells showed a significantly increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1, and phosphorylated ezrin/radixin/moesin proteins, and reduced microtubule associated protein expression compared with injured GMF-KO cells after injury. Collectively, our results demonstrate that GMF exacerbates the oxidative stress-mediated neuroinflammation that could be brought about by TBI-induced astroglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed
- Department of Neurology and School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar
- Department of Neurology and School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Department of Neurology and School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Sudhanshu P Raikwar
- Department of Neurology and School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- Department of Neurology and School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Kieran Bazley
- Department of Neurology and School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Kristopher Wu
- Department of Neurology and School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Osaid Khan
- Department of Neurology and School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Klaudia Kukulka
- Department of Neurology and School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Bret Bussinger
- Department of Neurology and School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Iuliia Dubova
- Department of Neurology and School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Smita Zaheer
- Department of Neurology and School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Raghav Govindarajan
- Department of Neurology and School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Shankar Iyer
- Department of Neurology and School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - Asgar Zaheer
- Department of Neurology and School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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18
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Ramaswamy SB, Bhagavan SM, Kaur H, Giler GE, Kempuraj D, Thangavel R, Ahmed ME, Selvakumar GP, Raikwar SP, Zaheer S, Iyer SS, Govindarajan R, Zaheer A. Glia Maturation Factor in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY & NEUROSURGERY 2019; 12:79-82. [PMID: 32775957 PMCID: PMC7413177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disease characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques (APs) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. There is no disease modifying therapeutic options currently available for this disease. Hippocampus, entorhinal cortex (Broadmann area 28), perirhinal cortex (Broadmann area 35) and insular cortices are areas within the brain that are first ones to be severely affected in AD. Neuroinflammation is an important factor that induces neurodegeneration in AD. Glia maturation factor (GMF), a proinflammatory factor plays a crucial role in AD through activation of microglia and astrocytes to release proinflammatory mediators in the brain. Through immunohistochemical studies, we have previously shown that GMF is highly expressed in the vicinity of APs and NFTs in AD brains. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), reactive astrocytes, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1) labelled activated microglia and GMF immunoreactive glial cells are increased in the entorhinal cortical layers especially at the sites of APs and Tau containing NFTs indicating a role for GMF. Overexpression of GMF in glial cells leads to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Inhibition of GMF expression reduces neurodegeneration. Therefore, we suggest that GMF is a novel therapeutic target not only for AD but also for various other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Beladakere Ramaswamy
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sachin M Bhagavan
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Harleen Kaur
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Gema E Giler
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sudhanshu P. Raikwar
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Smita Zaheer
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shankar S Iyer
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Raghav Govindarajan
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Asgar Zaheer
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
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