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Wang D, Jing L, Zhao Z, Huang S, Xie L, Hu S, Liang H, Chen Y, Zhao E. MicroRNA-124a promoted the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neurons through Notch signal pathway. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:472. [PMID: 39342366 PMCID: PMC11437963 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-02061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the possible mechanisms of microRNA-124a on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and its underlying mechanism. β-Thiol ethanol induced Notch1 mRNA expression, microRNA-124a inhibitor reduced the effects of β-thiol ethanol on Notch1 mRNA expression in BMSCs. Baicalin induced Hes1 mRNA expression, and microRNA-124a inhibitor reduced the effects of baicalin on Hes1 mRNA expression in BMSCs. Si-Notch1 suppressed Hes1 mRNA expression in BMSCs. Baicalin increased the effects of Notch1 on Hes1 mRNA expression in BMSCs. Si-Notch1 increased cell growth of BMSCs. Baicalin reduced the effects of si-Notch1 on cell growth and the differentiation of BMSCs. We demonstrated that microRNA-124a promoted the differentiation of BMSCs into neurons through Notch/Hes1 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daimei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 19 Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Lijun Jing
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhongyan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 19 Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Shixiong Huang
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 19 Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Ling Xie
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 19 Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Shijun Hu
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 19 Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 19 Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Yanquan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 19 Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Eryi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 19 Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China.
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Li Z, Li X, Guo H, Zhang Z, Ge Y, Dong F, Zhang F, Zhang F. Identification and analysis of key immunity-related genes in experimental ischemic stroke. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36837. [PMID: 39263122 PMCID: PMC11388793 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The regulation of the immune system and the occurrence of inflammation are vital factors in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. This study aims to screen target molecules which play key roles in alleviating the brain injury following ischemic stroke via regulating neuroinflammation. Several bioinformatics methods were used to identify immune-related genes in ischemic stroke. A total of 218 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes within the GSE97537 dataset. By performing GO, KEGG, and GSEA analyses, DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways related to immunity and inflammation. By utilizing the MCODE plugin in conjunction with Cytoscape software, a total of six crucial genes were identified, including C1qb, C1qc, Fcer1g, Fcgr3a, Tyrobp, and CD14. Based on the above crucial genes, 13 miRNAs were predicted. Furthermore, 71 potential drugs with therapeutic properties that target the crucial genes were screened, including lovastatin, ASPIRIN, and PREDNISOLONE. Moreover, the results of RT-qPCR showed that compared with Sham group, the expressions of C1qb, C1qc, Fcer1g, Fcgr3a, Tyrobp, and CD14 in MCAO group were significantly increased, which was consistent with the expression trend of validation dataset and training dataset. In conclusion, immune-related genes may play a key role in ischemic stroke. In addition, six crucial genes were identified as potential biomarkers and 71 promising drugs were screened to treat ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, PR China
| | - Hongmin Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, PR China
| | - Zibo Zhang
- Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Yihao Ge
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, PR China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, PR China
| | - Fan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, PR China
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Kathiresan DS, Balasubramani R, Marudhachalam K, Jaiswal P, Ramesh N, Sureshbabu SG, Puthamohan VM, Vijayan M. Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Advances in Mitochondrial Biology. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04469-x. [PMID: 39269547 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04469-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria, essential organelles responsible for cellular energy production, emerge as a key factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. This review explores advancements in mitochondrial biology studies that highlight the pivotal connection between mitochondrial dysfunctions and neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, ischemic stroke, and vascular dementia. Mitochondrial DNA mutations, impaired dynamics, and disruptions in the ETC contribute to compromised energy production and heightened oxidative stress. These factors, in turn, lead to neuronal damage and cell death. Recent research has unveiled potential therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondria targeted therapies and antioxidants. Furthermore, the identification of reliable biomarkers for assessing mitochondrial dysfunction opens new avenues for early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. By delving into these advancements, this review underscores the significance of understanding mitochondrial biology in unraveling the mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders. It lays the groundwork for developing targeted treatments to combat these devastating neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sri Kathiresan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Nadu, Tamil, 641046, India
| | - Rubadevi Balasubramani
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Nadu, Tamil, 641046, India
| | - Kamalesh Marudhachalam
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Nadu, Tamil, 641046, India
| | - Piyush Jaiswal
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Nadu, Tamil, 641046, India
| | - Nivedha Ramesh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Nadu, Tamil, 641046, India
| | - Suruthi Gunna Sureshbabu
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Nadu, Tamil, 641046, India
| | - Vinayaga Moorthi Puthamohan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Nadu, Tamil, 641046, India.
| | - Murali Vijayan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
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Lu F, Mo L, Liu A. Circ_0001360 absence alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced SK-N-SH cell injury via controlling the miR-671-5p/BMF pathway. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:492-502. [PMID: 36039693 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2118598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regulatory potency of circular RNA (circRNA) has been acknowledged in multiple human diseases, including ischaemic stroke (IS). However, only a few circRNAs were investigated in this disorder. We aimed to uncover the role of circ_0001360 in cell models of IS in vitro. METHODS SK-N-SH cells were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) to simulate IS pathology conditions in vitro. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blot were applied for expression detection. Cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis were investigated by CCK-8, EdU and flow cytometry assays. The predicted binding of miR-671-5p to circ_0001360 or BMF 3'UTR was validated by dual-luciferase reporter and RIP assays. Proteins on the NF-κB pathway were quantified by western blot to assess NF-κB pathway activity. RESULTS Circ_0001360 was upregulated in SK-N-SH cells after OGD/R treatment. OGD/R provoked SK-N-SH cell growth impairment, apoptosis and inflammation, while circ_0001360 knockdown relieved these injuries. Circ_0001360 targeted miR-671-5p, and miR-671-5p deficiency recovered SK-N-SH cell injury that was repressed by circ_0001360 knockdown. MiR-671-5p directly combined with BMF and repressed BMF expression. Accordingly, circ_0001360 targeted miR-671-5p to regulate the expression of BMF. Circ_0001360 knockdown weakened the phosphorylated levels of P65 and IκBα, while further miR-671-5p deficiency or BMF overexpression restored their expression levels. CONCLUSION Circ_0001360 contributed to OGD/R-caused SK-N-SH cell injury via targeting the miR-671-5p/BMF network and activating the NF-κB pathway, thus participating in the development of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Linhong Mo
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Aixian Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Mishra S, Stany B, Das A, Kanagavel D, Vijayan M. A Comprehensive Review of Membrane Transporters and MicroRNA Regulation in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04135-2. [PMID: 38558361 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a distressing neurodegenerative condition characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and tau tangles within the brain. The interconnectedness between membrane transporters (SLCs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in AD pathogenesis has gained increasing attention. This review explores the localization, substrates, and functions of SLC transporters in the brain, emphasizing the roles of transporters for glutamate, glucose, nucleosides, and other essential compounds. The examination delves into the significance of SLCs in AD, their potential for drug development, and the intricate realm of miRNAs, encompassing their transcription, processing, functions, and regulation. MiRNAs have emerged as significant players in AD, including those associated with mitochondria and synapses. Furthermore, this review discusses the intriguing nexus of miRNAs targeting SLC transporters and their potential as therapeutic targets in AD. Finally, the review underscores the interaction between SLC transporters and miRNA regulation within the context of Alzheimer's disease, underscoring the need for further research in this area. This comprehensive review aims to shed light on the complex mechanisms underlying the causation of AD and provides insights into potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatakshi Mishra
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - B Stany
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Anushka Das
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Deepankumar Kanagavel
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | - Murali Vijayan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
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Vijayan M, Reddy PH. Unveiling the Role of Novel miRNA PC-5P-12969 in Alleviating Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1329-1348. [PMID: 38552115 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Background The intricate and complex molecular mechanisms that underlie the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have prompted a concerted and vigorous research endeavor aimed at uncovering potential avenues for therapeutic intervention. Objective This study aims to elucidate the role of miRNA PC-5P-12969 in the pathogenesis of AD. Methods We assessed the differential expression of miRNA PC-5P-12969 in postmortem AD brains, AD animal and cell models using real-time reverse-transcriptase RT-PCR, we also checked the gene and protein expression of GSK3α and APP. Results Our investigation revealed a notable upregulation of miRNA PC-5P-12969 in postmortem brains of AD patients, in transgenic mouse models of AD, and in mutant APP overexpressing-HT22 cells. Additionally, our findings indicate that overexpression of miRNA PC-5P-12969 exerts a protective effect on cell survival, while concurrently mitigating apoptotic cell death. Further-more, we established a robust and specific interaction between miRNA PC-5P-12969 and GSK3α. Our luciferase reporter assays provided confirmation of the binding between miRNA PC-5P-12969 and the 3'-UTR of the GSK3α gene. Manipulation of miRNA PC-5P-12969 levels in cellular models of AD yielded noteworthy alterations in the gene and protein expression levels of both GSK3α and APP. Remarkably, the manipulation of miRNA PC-5P-12969 levels yielded significant enhancements in mitochondrial respiration and ATP production, concurrently with a reduction in mitochondrial fragmentation, thus unveiling a potential regulatory role of miRNA PC-5P-12969 in these vital cellular processes. Conclusions In summary, this study sheds light on the crucial role of miRNA PC-5P-12969 and its direct interaction with GSK3α in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Vijayan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Departments, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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7
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Alamri FF, Karamyan ST, Karamyan VT. A Low-Budget Photothrombotic Rodent Stroke Model. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2616:21-28. [PMID: 36715924 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2926-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A number of animal stroke models have been developed and used over the years to study the pathological mechanisms of this disorder and develop new therapies. Among them, the photothrombotic model of ischemic stroke has been central in various studies focusing on understanding of the basic biology of neural repair, identification and validation of key molecular targets involved in post-stroke recovery, and preclinical testing of various therapeutic approaches. To facilitate uniformity among various experimental groups using this expert-recommended mouse model of choice for stroke recovery studies, in this chapter we describe in detail a low-budget technique to induce photothrombosis in the mouse primary motor cortex. Additionally, we provide tips for conducting this procedure in other cerebral cortical regions of the mouse brain and in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal F Alamri
- College of Sciences and Health Profession, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Serob T Karamyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Vardan T Karamyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA.
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA.
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Zhao K, Zeng L, Cai Z, Liu M, Sun T, Li Z, Liu R. RNA sequencing-based identification of the regulatory mechanism of microRNAs, transcription factors, and corresponding target genes involved in vascular dementia. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:917489. [PMID: 36203804 PMCID: PMC9531238 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.917489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia with uncertain mechanisms and no effective treatments. microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs) are considered regulatory factors of genes involved in many diseases. Therefore, this work investigated the aberrantly expressed miRNAs, TFs, corresponding target genes, and their co-regulatory networks in the cortex of rats with bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2VO) to uncover the potential mechanism and biomarkers of VaD. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), miRNAs (DEMs), and TFs (DETFs) were identified using RNA sequencing, and their interaction networks were constructed using Cytoscape. The results showed that rats with 2VO had declined cognitive abilities and neuronal loss in the cortex than sham rats. DEGs, DEMs, and DETFs were discriminated between rats with 2VO and sham rats in the cortex, as shown by the 13 aberrantly expressed miRNAs, 805 mRNAs, and 63 TFs. The miRNA-TF-target gene network was constructed, showing 523 nodes and 7237 edges. Five miRNAs (miR-5132-5p, miR-764-3p, miR-223-3p, miR-145-5p, and miR-122-5p), ten TFs (Mxi1, Nfatc4, Rxrg, Zfp523, Foxj2, Nkx6-1, Klf4, Klf5, Csrnp1, and Prdm6), and seven target genes (Serpine1, Nedd4l, Pxn, Col1a1, Plec, Trip12, and Tpm1) were chosen as the significant nodes to construct feed-forward loops (FFLs). Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis revealed that these miRNA and TF-associated genes are mostly involved in the PI3K/Akt, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, calcium signaling, and Wnt signaling pathways, along with central locations around the cell membrane. They exert functions such as growth factor binding, integrin binding, and extracellular matrix structural constituent, with representative biological processes like vasculature development, cell–substrate adhesion, cellular response to growth factor stimulus, and synaptic transmission. Furthermore, the expression of three miRNAs (miR-145-5p, miR-122-5p, and miR-5132-5p), six TFs (Csrnp1, Klf4, Nfatc4, Rxrg, Foxj2, and Klf5), and five mRNAs (Serpine1, Plec, Nedd4l, Trip12, and Tpm1) were significantly changed in rats with VaD, in line with the outcome of RNA sequencing. In the potential FFL, miR-145-5p directly bound Csrnp1 and decreased its mRNA expression. These results might help the understanding of the underlying regulatory mechanisms of miRNA-TF-genes, providing potential therapeutic targets in VaD.
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Alharbi AR, Alali AS, Samman Y, Alghamdi NA, Albaradie O, Almaghrabi M, Makkawi S, Alghamdi S, Alzahrani MS, Alsalmi M, Karamyan VT, Al Sulaiman K, Aljuhani O, Alamri FF. Vitamin D serum level predicts stroke clinical severity, functional independence, and disability—A retrospective cohort study. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:951283. [PMID: 35968390 PMCID: PMC9363625 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.951283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundStroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability and one of the most common neurological conditions globally. Many studies focused on vitamin D as a stroke risk factor, but only a few focused on its serum level as a predictor of stroke initial clinical severity and recovery with inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and stroke clinical severity at admission and functional independence and disability at discharge in Saudi Arabia.MethodologyA retrospective cohort study of adult ischemic stroke patients who had their vitamin D tested and admitted within 7 days of exhibiting stroke symptoms at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Based on vitamin D level, the patients were categorized into normal [25(OH)D serum level ≥ 75 nmol/L], insufficient [25(OH)D serum level is 50–75 nmol/L], and deficient [25(OH)D serum level ≤ 50 nmol/L]. The primary outcome was to assess the vitamin D serum level of ischemic stroke patients’ clinical severity at admission and functional independence at discharge. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to assess the clinical severity, whereas the modified Rankin scale (mRS) was used to assess functional independence and disability.ResultsThe study included 294 stroke patients, out of 774, who were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean age of the participants was 68.2 ± 13.4 years, and 49.3% were male. The patients’ distribution among the three groups based on their vitamin D levels is: normal (n = 35, 11.9%), insufficient (n = 66, 22.5%), and deficient (n = 196, 65.6%). After adjusting for potential covariates, regression analysis found a significant inverse relationship of NIHSS based on 25(OH)D serum level (beta coefficient: −0.04, SE: 0.01, p = 0.003). Patients with deficient serum vitamin D level also had significantly higher odds of worse functional independence in mRS score [OR: 2.41, 95%CI: (1.13–5.16), p = 0.023] when compared to participants with normal vitamin D level.ConclusionLow vitamin D levels were associated with higher severity of stroke at admission and poor functional independence and disability at discharge in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Further randomized clinical and interventional studies are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah R. Alharbi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer S. Alali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya Samman
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions (KSAU-HS), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf A. Alghamdi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Albaradie
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions (KSAU-HS), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maan Almaghrabi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seraj Makkawi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alghamdi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alsalmi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vardan T. Karamyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry. H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, United States
- Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, Jerry. H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Khalid Al Sulaiman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Critical Care Pharmacy Research (SCAPE) Platform, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohoud Aljuhani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal F. Alamri
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions (KSAU-HS), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Faisal F. Alamri,
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Zhang Y, Warden AR, Ahmad KZ, Liu Y, He X, Zheng M, Huo X, Zhi X, Ke Y, Li H, Yan S, Su W, Cai D, Ding X. Single-Cell Microwell Platform Reveals Circulating Neural Cells as a Clinical Indicator for Patients with Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown. RESEARCH 2021; 2021:9873545. [PMID: 34327332 PMCID: PMC8285994 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9873545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system diseases commonly occur with the destruction of the blood-brain barrier. As a primary cause of morbidity and mortality, stroke remains unpredictable and lacks cellular biomarkers that accurately quantify its occurrence and development. Here, we identify NeuN+/CD45−/DAPI+ phenotype nonblood cells in the peripheral blood of mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and stroke patients. Since NeuN is a specific marker of neural cells, we term these newly identified cells as circulating neural cells (CNCs). We find that the enumeration of CNCs in the blood is significantly associated with the severity of brain damage in MCAO mice (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the number of CNCs is significantly higher in stroke patients than in negative subjects (p < 0.0001). These findings suggest that the amount of CNCs in circulation may serve as a clinical indicator for the real-time prognosis and progression monitor of the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke and other nervous system disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Antony R Warden
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Khan Zara Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yanlei Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xijun He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenling Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Chuan'an Nan Road, Chengxi Subdistrict, Wenling, 317500 Zhejiang, China
| | - Minqiao Zheng
- Central Laboratory, Wenling Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Chuan'an Nan Road, Chengxi Subdistrict, Wenling, 317500 Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinlong Huo
- Department of Neurology, Wenling Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Chuan'an Nan Road, Chengxi Subdistrict, Wenling, 317500 Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuqing Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Sijia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wenqiong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Deng Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xianting Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
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Ghosh S, Kumar V, Mukherjee H, Lahiri D, Roy P. Nutraceutical regulation of miRNAs involved in neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancers. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07262. [PMID: 34195404 PMCID: PMC8225984 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is a well-connected, intricate network of neurons and supporting glial cells. Neurodegenerative diseases arise as a consequence of extensive loss of neuronal cells leading to disruption of their natural structure and function. On the contrary, rapid proliferation and growth of glial as well as neuronal cells account for the occurrence of malignancy in brain. In both cases, the molecular microenvironment holds pivotal importance in the progression of the disease. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are one of the major components of the molecular microenvironment. miRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that control gene expression post-transcriptionally. As compared to other tissues, the brain expresses a substantially high number of miRNAs. In the early stage of neurodegeneration, miRNA expression upregulates, while in oncogenesis, miRNA expression is gradually lost. Neurodegeneration and brain cancer is presumed to be under the influence of identical pathways of cell proliferation, differentiation and cell death which are tightly regulated by miRNAs. It has been confirmed experimentally that miRNA expression can be regulated by nutraceuticals - macronutrients, micronutrients or natural products derived from food; thereby making dietary supplements immensely significant for targeting miRNAs having altered expression patterns during neurodegeneration or oncogenesis. In this review, we will discuss in detail, about the common miRNAs involved in brain cancers and neurodegenerative diseases along with the comprehensive list of miRNAs involved separately in both pathological conditions. We will also discuss the role of nutraceuticals in the regulation of those miRNAs which are involved in both of these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosh
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Viney Kumar
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Haimanti Mukherjee
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Debrupa Lahiri
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
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12
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Ren Z, Hu Y, Guo D, Guan Z, Chen L, He J, Yu W. Increased miR‑187‑3p expression after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induces apoptosis via initiation of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Neurosci Lett 2021; 759:135947. [PMID: 34015413 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induces activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway, accompanied by an increase in apoptosis. Multiple microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are dysregulated during I/R and contribute to I/R-induced injury. miRNAs act as suppressors of gene expression and negatively regulate gene expression by targeting the protein-coding sequence (CDS) of specific target mRNAs. Seipin is an endoplasmic reticulum protein that has recently been associated with ERS. We previously reported that seipin is the target gene of miR‑187‑3p. Therefore, we explored the involvement of miR-187-3p in I/R-induced ERS via the regulation of seipin. A rat MCAO/R model was established by 1 h of occlusion and 24 h reperfusion. Neurological deficits and infarction area were examined. PC12 cells were exposed to oxygen‑glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) to model I/R. Expression levels of miR-187-3p and proteins related to ERS and apoptosis were measured using RT-PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. TUNEL staining was used to assay apoptosis. MCAO/R-induced morphological changes were analyzed with Nissl staining and Hematoxylin-eosin staining. I/R-induced ERS was closely associated with an increase in miR-1873p and a decrease in seipin expression. miR-187-3p agomir further activated the ERS pathway and promoted apoptosis but decreased seipin expression levels; these effects were reversed by miR-187-3p antagomir. Moreover, seipin knockdown aggravated ERS in PC12 cells after OGD/R, and this change was rescued by seipin overexpression. miR-187-3p antagomir did not suppress ERS and apoptosis in seipin knockdown PC12 cells after OGD/R. Our findings demonstrate that the inhibition of miR‑187‑3p attenuated I/R‑induced cerebral injury by regulating seipin-mediated ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkui Ren
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China; Laboratory Department of People's Hospital of Southwest Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture, Xingyi, Guizhou, 562400, China
| | - Yumei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Dongfen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Zhizhong Guan
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China; Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550002, China; Department of Immunology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
| | - Wenfeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China.
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13
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Vijayan M, Reddy PH. Non-Coding RNAs Based Molecular Links in Type 2 Diabetes, Ischemic Stroke, and Vascular Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 75:353-383. [PMID: 32310177 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews recent advances in the study of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and their functions in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), ischemic stroke (IS), and vascular dementia (VaD). miRNAs and lncRNAs are gene regulation markers that both regulate translational aspects of a wide range of proteins and biological processes in healthy and disease states. Recent studies from our laboratory and others have revealed that miRNAs and lncRNAs expressed differently are potential therapeutic targets for neurological diseases, especially T2DM, IS, VaD, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, the effect of aging in T2DM, IS, and VaD and the cellular and molecular pathways are largely unknown. In this article, we highlight results from the works on the molecular connections between T2DM and IS, and IS and VaD. In each disease, we also summarize the pathophysiology and the differential expressions of miRNAs and lncRNAs. Based on current research findings, we hypothesize that 1) T2DM bi-directionally and age-dependently induces IS and VaD, and 2) these changes are precursors to the onset of dementia in elderly people. Research into these hypotheses is required to examine further whether research efforts on reducing T2DM, IS, and VaD may affect dementia and/or delay the AD disease process in the aged population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Vijayan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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14
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Zhao Y, Ye S, Lin J, Liang F, Chen J, Hu J, Chen K, Fang Y, Chen X, Xiong Y, Lin L, Tan X. NmFGF1-Regulated Glucolipid Metabolism and Angiogenesis Improves Functional Recovery in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Stroke and Acts via the AMPK Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:680351. [PMID: 34025437 PMCID: PMC8139577 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.680351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes increases the risk of stroke, exacerbates neurological deficits, and increases mortality. Non-mitogenic fibroblast growth factor 1 (nmFGF1) is a powerful neuroprotective factor that is also regarded as a metabolic regulator. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of nmFGF1 on the improvement of functional recovery in a mouse model of type 2 diabetic (T2D) stroke. We established a mouse model of T2D stroke by photothrombosis in mice that were fed a high-fat diet and injected with streptozotocin (STZ). We found that nmFGF1 reduced the size of the infarct and attenuated neurobehavioral deficits in our mouse model of T2D stroke. Angiogenesis plays an important role in neuronal survival and functional recovery post-stroke. NmFGF1 promoted angiogenesis in the mouse model of T2D stroke. Furthermore, nmFGF1 reversed the reduction of tube formation and migration in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) cultured in high glucose conditions and treated with oxygen glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD). Amp-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a critical role in the regulation of angiogenesis. Interestingly, we found that nmFGF1 increased the protein expression of phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) both in vivo and in vitro. We found that nmFGF1 promoted tube formation and migration and that this effect was further enhanced by an AMPK agonist (A-769662). In contrast, these processes were inhibited by the application of an AMPK inhibitor (compound C) or siRNA targeting AMPK. Furthermore, nmFGF1 ameliorated neuronal loss in diabetic stroke mice via AMPK-mediated angiogenesis. In addition, nmFGF1 ameliorated glucose and lipid metabolic disorders in our mouse model of T2D stroke without causing significant changes in body weight. These results revealed that nmFGF1-regulated glucolipid metabolism and angiogenesis play a key role in the improvement of functional recovery in a mouse model of T2D stroke and that these effects are mediated by the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeli Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shasha Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fei Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yani Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiongjian Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ye Xiong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xianxi Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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15
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Vijayan M, Bose C, Reddy PH. Protective effects of a small molecule inhibitor, DDQ against amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease. Mitochondrion 2021; 59:17-29. [PMID: 33839321 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of our study is to determine the protective effects of the newly discovered molecule DDQ (diethyl (3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamino)(quinolin-4-yl) methylphosphonate) against mutant APP and amyloid-beta (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). To achieve our objective, we used a well characterized amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) transgenic mouse model (Tg2576 strain). We administered DDQ, a 20 mg/kg body weight (previously determined in our laboratory) intra-peritoneally 3-times per week for 2 months, starting at the beginning of the 12th month, until the end of the 14th month. Further, using biochemical and molecular methods, we measured the levels of DDQ in the blood, skeletal muscle, and brain. Using Morris Water Maze, Y-maze, open field, and rotarod tests, we assessed cognitive behavior after DDQ treatment. Using q-RT-PCR, immunoblotting, transmission electron microscopy, and Golgi-cox staining methods, we studied mRNA and protein levels of longevity genes SIRTUINS, mitochondrial number & length, and dendritic spine number and length in DDQ-treated APP mice. Our extensive pharmacodynamics analysis revealed high peak levels of DDQ in the skeletal muscle, followed by serum and brain. Our behavioral analysis of rotarod, open field, Y-maze, and Morris Water Maze tests revealed that DDQ ameliorated cognitive decline (Morris Water Maze), improved working memory (Y-Maze), exploratory behavior (open field), and motor coordination (rotarod) in DDQ-treated APP mice. Interestingly, longevity genes SIRTUINS, mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, mitophagy, autophagy and synaptic genes were upregulated in DDQ-treated APP mice relative to untreated APP mice. Dendritic spines and the quality mitochondria were significantly increased in DDQ treated APP mice. Current study findings, together with our previous study observations, strongly suggest that DDQ has anti-aging, and anti-amyloid-beta effects and a promising molecule to reduce age-and amyloid-beta-induced toxicities in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Vijayan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Chhanda Bose
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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16
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Anti-brain Aging Effects of Small Molecule Inhibitor DDQ. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3588-3600. [PMID: 33768469 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our study is to determine the protective effects of the newly discovered molecule DDQ (diethyl (3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamino)(quinolin-4-yl) methylphosphonate) against aging in an in vitro, mouse primary hippocampal neurons, HT22 cells, and in vivo, 24-month-old C57BL6/J mice. Using biochemical and molecular methods, we studied the half-life period in the blood and brain, optimized the dose, determined dose-response (using 1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg body weight), and measured the levels of blood, skeletal muscle, and brain. Using Morris water maze (cognitive behavior), q-RT-PCR (mRNA and protein levels of longevity genes SIRTUINS), transmission electron microscopy (mitochondrial number and length), and Golgi-Cox staining (dendritic spine number and length) were assessed in 24-month-old C57BL6/J mice. Out of 5 different doses of DDQ, the 20 mg/kg body weight dose showed the strongest protective effects against aging in C57BL6/J mice. The half-life time of DDQ is 20 h in the serum and 12 h in the brain. Our extensive pharmacodynamics analysis revealed high peak levels of DDQ in the skeletal muscle, followed by serum and brain. Using mouse primary hippocampal (HT22) neurons and 24-month-old C57BL6/J mice, we tested the protective effects of DDQ. Interestingly, longevity genes SIRTUINS were upregulated in DDQ-treated HT22 cells, and DDQ-treated aged wild-type mice relative to DDQ-untreated cells and untreated aged control mice. Dendritic spines and the quality of mitochondria were significantly increased in DDQ-treated aged mice. Current study findings, together with our previous study observations, strongly suggest that DDQ has anti-aging effects and warrants further investigations of anti-inflammatory, anti-DNA damage, and telomerase activity studies.
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17
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Delayed Exercise-induced Upregulation of Angiogenic Proteins and Recovery of Motor Function after Photothrombotic Stroke in Mice. Neuroscience 2021; 461:57-71. [PMID: 33667592 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Treatments promoting post-stroke functional recovery continue to be an unmet therapeutic problem with physical rehabilitation being the most reproduced intervention in preclinical and clinical studies. Unfortunately, physiotherapy is typically effective at high intensity and early after stroke - requirements that are hardly attainable by stroke survivors. The aim of this study was to directly evaluate and compare the dose-dependent effect of delayed physical rehabilitation (daily 5 h or overnight voluntary wheel running; initiated on post-stroke day 7 and continuing through day 21) on recovery of motor function in the mouse photothrombotic model of ischemic stroke and correlate it with angiogenic potential of the brain. Our observations indicate that overnight but not 5 h access to running wheels facilitates recovery of motor function in mice in grid-walking test. Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy experiments evaluating the expression of angiogenesis-associated proteins VEGFR2, doppel and PDGFRβ in the peri-infarct and corresponding contralateral motor cortices indicate substantial upregulation of these proteins (≥2-fold) in the infarct core and surrounding cerebral cortex in the overnight running mice on post-stroke day 21. These findings indicate that there is a dose-dependent relationship between the extent of voluntary exercise, motor recovery and expression of angiogenesis-associated proteins in this expert-recommended mouse ischemic stroke model. Notably, our observations also point out to enhanced angiogenesis and presence of pericytes within the infarct core region during the chronic phase of stroke, suggesting a potential contribution of this tissue area in the mechanisms governing post-stroke functional recovery.
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18
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Al Shoyaib A, Alamri FF, Syeara N, Jayaraman S, Karamyan ST, Arumugam TV, Karamyan VT. The Effect of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Panobinostat or Entinostat on Motor Recovery in Mice After Ischemic Stroke. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 23:471-484. [PMID: 33590407 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08647-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Using rigorous and clinically relevant experimental design and analysis standards, in this study, we investigated the potential of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors panobinostat and entinostat to enhance recovery of motor function after photothrombotic stroke in male mice. Panobinostat, a pan-HDAC inhibitor, is a FDA-approved drug for certain cancers, whereas entinostat is a class-I HDAC inhibitor in late stage of clinical investigation. The drugs were administered every other day (panobinostat-3 or 10 mg/kg; entinostat-1.7 or 5 mg/kg) starting from day 5 to 15 after stroke. To imitate the current standard of care in stroke survivors, i.e., physical rehabilitation, the animals run on wheels (2 h daily) from post-stroke day 9 to 41. The predetermined primary end point was motor recovery measured in two tasks of spontaneous motor behaviors in grid-walking and cylinder tests. In addition, we evaluated the running distance and speed throughout the study, and the number of parvalbumin-positive neurons in medial agranular cortex (AGm) and infarct volumes at the end of the study. Both sensorimotor tests revealed that combination of physical exercise with either drug did not substantially affect motor recovery in mice after stroke. This was accompanied by negligible changes of parvalbumin-positive neurons recorded in AGm and comparable infarct volumes among experimental groups, while dose-dependent increase in acetylated histone 3 was observed in peri-infarct cortex of drug-treated animals. Our observations suggest that add-on panobinostat or entinostat therapy coupled with limited physical rehabilitation is unlikely to offer therapeutic modality for stroke survivors who have motor dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Shoyaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), 1300 Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Faisal F Alamri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), 1300 Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.,College of Sciences and Health Profession, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nausheen Syeara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), 1300 Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Srinidhi Jayaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), 1300 Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Serob T Karamyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vardan T Karamyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), 1300 Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA. .,Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, USA.
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19
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Zhou L, Yang W, Yao E, Li H, Wang J, Wang K, Zhong X, Peng Z, Huang X. MicroRNA-488-3p Regulates Neuronal Cell Death in Cerebral Ischemic Stroke Through Vacuolar Protein Sorting 4B (VPS4B). Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:41-55. [PMID: 33442254 PMCID: PMC7800712 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s255666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke, which often occurs with high morbidity, disability, and mortality, is a main cause of brain disease. In various types of human diseases, it is found that microRNAs (miRNAs) are considered as gene regulators. Increasing studies have proved that fluctuation of miRNAs, in the pathologies of ischemic stroke, plays a vital role. However, the accurate regulatory mechanism of cerebral ischemic stroke by miRNAs is still unclear. In this research, we investigated the inhibition mechanism of miR-488-3p on neuronal death through targeting vacuolar protein sorting 4B (VPS4B) in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS Western blot and qRT-PCR were utilized to detect the miR-488-3p level and VPS4B expression. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was utilized to measure the function of miR-488-3p in cell death induced by oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). After middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R), the impact of miR-488-3p on infarct volume in mouse brain was assessed. The targets of miR-488-3p were confirmed by luciferase analysis and bioinformatics software. RESULTS The miR-488-3p level remarkably reduced in primary neuronal cells administrated with OGD/R. Similarly, it also decreased in the mouse brain administrated with MCAO/R. Additionally, the up-regulation of miR-488-3p expression suppressed the death of neuronal cells and restrained ischemic brain infarction in ischemia-stroked mice. Besides, the results showed that VPS4B, which could be inhibited by miR-488-3p, was a direct target of miR-488-3p. This research revealed that the inhibition of VPS4B protected the neuronal cells in ischemic stroke both in vitro as well as in vivo. Meanwhile, this inhibition strengthened positive impact generated by miR-488-3p on ischemic injury. CONCLUSION Overall, miR-488-3p played a critical role on neuroprotective function via reducing VPS4B protein level. These results performed a new underlying curative target for the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanxin Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Enping Yao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou510000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jihui Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou510000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Health Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou510310, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongxing Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou510080, People’s Republic of China
- Zhongxing Peng Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou510080, People’s Republic of China Email
| | - Xuming Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou510080, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xuming Huang Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou510080, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-20-82804660 Email
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20
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Kumar S, Reddy PH. The role of synaptic microRNAs in Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165937. [PMID: 32827646 PMCID: PMC7680400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Structurally and functionally active synapses are essential for neurotransmission and for maintaining normal synaptic and cognitive functions. Researchers have found that synaptic dysfunction is associated with the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), and synaptic dysfunction is even one of the main physiological hallmarks of AD. MiRNAs are present in small, subcellular compartments of the neuron such as neural dendrites, synaptic vesicles, and synaptosomes are known as synaptic miRNAs. Synaptic miRNAs involved in governing multiple synaptic functions that lead to healthy brain functioning and synaptic activity. However, the precise role of synaptic miRNAs has not been determined in AD progression. This review emphasizes the presence of miRNAs at the synapse, synaptic compartments and roles of miRNAs in multiple synaptic functions. We focused on synaptic miRNAs alteration in AD, and how the modulation of miRNAs effect the synaptic functions in AD. We also discussed the impact of synaptic miRNAs in AD progression concerning the synaptic ATP production, mitochondrial function, and synaptic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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21
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Liu W, Zhao H, Su Y, Wang K, Li J, Xue S, Sun X, Qiu Z. Senescence marker protein 30 confers neuroprotection in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-injured neurons through modulation of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling: Role of SMP30 in OGD/R-induced neuronal injury. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:472-482. [PMID: 32909858 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120954243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30) is a senescence marker molecule and identified as a calcium regulatory protein. Currently, SMP30 has emerged as a cytoprotective protein in a wide range of cell types. However, the role of SMP30 in regulating neuronal survival during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the biological function and regulatory mechanism of SMP30 on neuronal survival using a cellular model induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). The results showed that SMP30 expression was significantly decreased by OGD/R exposure in neurons. Functional experiments demonstrated that SMP30 overexpression significantly rescued the decreased cell viability and attenuated the apoptosis and reactive oxygen species generation in OGD/R-exposed neurons. By contrast, SMP30 knockdown exhibited the opposite effect. Mechanism research revealed that SMP30 overexpression contributed to the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling associated with downregulation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap1). Keap1 overexpression or Nrf2 silencing significantly reversed SMP30-mediated neuroprotection against OGD/R-induced injury. Overall, these findings demonstrate that SMP30 overexpression protects neurons from OGD/R-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress by enhancing Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling via inhibition of Keap1. These data highlight the importance of the SMP30/Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling axis in regulating neuronal survival during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Hospital of Xidian Group, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,* These authors contributed equally to this work and shared the first authorship
| | - Haikang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,* These authors contributed equally to this work and shared the first authorship
| | - Yuqiang Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kefeng Wang
- Clinical Training Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sha Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaopeng Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengguo Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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22
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Archie SR, Cucullo L. Harmful Effects of Smoking Cannabis: A Cerebrovascular and Neurological Perspective. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1481. [PMID: 31920665 PMCID: PMC6915047 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from being used as a medicine, cannabis or marijuana is the most widely abused recreational drug all over the world. The legalization and decriminalization of cannabis in Canada and various states of USA may be the underlying reason of the widespread popularity of it among young population. Various studies have reported about the relationship between cannabis use and different detrimental effects like cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and neurological complications among different age groups. Specifically, the young population is getting adversely affected by this, harmful yet, readily accessible recreational drug. Although the mechanism behind cannabis mediated neurological and cerebrovascular complications has not been elucidated yet, the results of these studies have confirmed the association of these diseases with cannabis. Given the lack of comprehensive study relating these harmful complications with cannabis use, the aim of this narrative literature review article is to evaluate and summarize current studies on cannabis consumption and cerebrovascular/neurological diseases along with the leading toxicological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Rahman Archie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, United States.,Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, United States
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23
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Motor deficit in the mouse ferric chloride-induced distal middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke. Behav Brain Res 2019; 380:112418. [PMID: 31812504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ferric chloride-induced distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of stroke was described in mice several years ago, however it lacked in-depth evaluation of the post-stroke functional outcomes in the animals. In this study, we reproduced the recently developed model and expanded its characterization by thorough evaluation of blood supply, cerebral infarction, and motor function in adult male and female mice up to 14 days after stroke. Our observations indicate near complete interruption of blood flow in the distal MCA shortly after application of 20 % ferric chloride over the artery through a cranial window, which remained occluded for at least 4 h. As expected, infarction of the brain tissue, documented by TTC and hematoxylin stains, was restricted to the cerebral cortex. We also systematically evaluated motor impairment of the animals in this model. For this, a series of studies were carried out in male and female mice up to 14 days after stroke, and motor function was assessed in cylinder and grid-walking tests in blinded manner. Contrary to our expectations, the results of both motor tests indicated minor, transient motor deficit in mice after stroke. Based on these observations, we conclude that the mouse ferric chloride-induced distal MCAO model is likely not suitable for proof-of-concept and preclinical studies where motor function is an important outcome measure.
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24
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Jayaraman S, Al Shoyaib A, Kocot J, Villalba H, Alamri FF, Rashid M, Wangler NJ, Chowdhury EA, German N, Arumugam TV, Abbruscato TJ, Karamyan VT. Peptidase neurolysin functions to preserve the brain after ischemic stroke in male mice. J Neurochem 2019; 153:120-137. [PMID: 31486527 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies documented up-regulation of peptidase neurolysin (Nln) after brain ischemia, however, the significance of Nln function in the post-stroke brain remained unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the functional role of Nln in the brain after ischemic stroke. Administration of a specific Nln inhibitor Agaricoglyceride A (AgaA) to mice after stroke in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model, dose-dependently aggravated injury measured by increased infarct and edema volumes, blood-brain barrier disruption, increased levels of interleukin 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, neurological and motor deficit 24 h after stroke. In this setting, AgaA resulted in inhibition of Nln in the ischemic hemisphere leading to increased levels of Nln substrates bradykinin, neurotensin, and substance P. AgaA lacked effects on several physiological parameters and appeared non-toxic to mice. In a reverse approach, we developed an adeno-associated viral vector (AAV2/5-CAG-Nln) to overexpress Nln in the mouse brain. Applicability of AAV2/5-CAG-Nln to transduce catalytically active Nln was confirmed in primary neurons and in vivo. Over-expression of Nln in the mouse brain was also accompanied by decreased levels of its substrates. Two weeks after in vivo transduction of Nln using the AAV vector, mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion and the same outcome measures were evaluated 72 h later. These experiments revealed that abundance of Nln in the brain protects animals from stroke. This study is the first to document functional significance of Nln in pathophysiology of stroke and provide evidence that Nln is an endogenous mechanism functioning to preserve the brain from ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinidhi Jayaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, TTUHSC, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Abdullah Al Shoyaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, TTUHSC, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Joanna Kocot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, TTUHSC, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Heidi Villalba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, TTUHSC, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Faisal F Alamri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, TTUHSC, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Mamoon Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, TTUHSC, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Naomi J Wangler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, TTUHSC, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Ekram A Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, TTUHSC, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Nadezhda German
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, TTUHSC, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, TTUHSC, Amarillo, Texas, USA.,Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, School of Pharmacy, TTUHSC, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Vardan T Karamyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, TTUHSC, Amarillo, Texas, USA.,Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, School of Pharmacy, TTUHSC, Amarillo, Texas, USA
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25
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Yu P, Chen W. Advances in the diagnosis of exosomal miRNAs in ischemic stroke. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:2339-2343. [PMID: 31695378 PMCID: PMC6707376 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s216784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis, early treatment, and improved prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke are vital requirements. Current clinical practices for the diagnosis of stroke include computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and other traditional imaging methods to quickly check the location, volume, etc, in the hospital; however, diagnosis of the underlying cause of infarction is not effective with these practices. Owing to the coexistence of various etiologies, accurate and timely diagnosis using routine hematology and biochemical tests remains a challenge. Exosomes are membrane vesicles, approximately 30-150 nm in diameter, which fuse with cell membrane and are released into the extracellular space. As one of the research hotspots in the field of medicine in recent years, exosomes can participate in immune response, antigen presentation, cell migration, tumor invasion, and so on. Owing to the important role played by the miRNAs contained in exosomes, the latter have shown great potential in the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke. This article reviews the progress made regarding the exosomal miRNAs as ischemic stroke biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencheng Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, People's Republic of China
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