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Chen CC, Hsu LW, Chen KD, Chiu KW, Kung CP, Li SR, Chen CL, Huang KT. Calreticulin regulates hepatic stellate cell activation through modulating TGF-beta-induced Smad signaling. Cell Calcium 2024; 121:102895. [PMID: 38703416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) as a wound healing process. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HpSCs) are the major producer of the ECM and play a central role in liver fibrogenesis. It has been widely accepted that elimination of activated HpSCs or reversion to a quiescent state can be a feasible strategy for resolving the disease, further highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic targets. Calreticulin (CRT) is a molecular chaperone that normally resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), important in protein folding and trafficking through the secretory pathway. CRT also plays a critical role in calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, with its Ca2+ storage capacity. In the current study, we aimed to demonstrate its function in directing HpSC activation. In a mouse liver injury model, CRT was up-regulated in HpSCs. In cellular experiments, we further showed that this activation was through modulating the canonical TGF-β signaling. As down-regulation of CRT in HpSCs elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels through a form of Ca2+ influx, named store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), we examined whether moderating SOCE affected TGF-β signaling. Interestingly, blocking SOCE had little effect on TGF-β-induced gene expression. In contrast, inhibition of ER Ca2+ release using the inositol trisphosphate receptor inhibitor 2-APB increased TGF-β signaling. Treatment with 2-APB did not alter SOCE but decreased intracellular Ca2+ at the basal level. Indeed, adjusting Ca2+ concentrations by EGTA or BAPTA-AM chelation further enhanced TGF-β-induced signaling. Our results suggest a crucial role of CRT in the liver fibrogenic process through modulating Ca2+ concentrations and TGF-β signaling in HpSCs, which may provide new information and help advance the current discoveries for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chih Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Hsu
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of General Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Den Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of General Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - King-Wah Chiu
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of General Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Pin Kung
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of General Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Rong Li
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of General Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Long Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of General Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Tzu Huang
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of General Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Guijarro-Hernández A, Eder-Azanza L, Hurtado C, Navarro-Herrera D, Ezcurra B, Novo FJ, Cabello J, Vizmanos JL. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals JAK2/MPL-Independent Effects of Calreticulin Mutations in a C. elegans Model. Cells 2023; 12:cells12010186. [PMID: 36611979 PMCID: PMC9818371 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are disorders in which multiple molecular mechanisms are significantly disturbed. Since their discovery, CALR driver mutations have been demonstrated to trigger pathogenic mechanisms apart from the well-documented activation of JAK2/MPL-related pathways, but the lack of experimental models harboring CALR mutations in a JAK2/MPL knockout background has hindered the research on these non-canonical mechanisms. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9 was performed to introduce homozygous patient-like calreticulin mutations in a C. elegans model that naturally lacks JAK2 and MPL orthologs. Whole-genome transcriptomic analysis of these worms was conducted, and some of the genes identified to be associated with processes involved in the pathogenesis of MPNs were further validated by qPCR. Some of the transcriptomic alterations corresponded to typically altered genes and processes in cancer and Ph-negative MPN patients that are known to be triggered by mutant calreticulin without the intervention of JAK2/MPL. However, interestingly, we have also found altered other processes described in these diseases that had not been directly attributed to calreticulin mutations without the intervention of JAK2 or MPL. Thus, these results point to a new experimental model for the study of the JAK2/MPL-independent mechanisms of mutant calreticulin that induce these biological alterations, which could be useful to study unknown non-canonical effects of the mutant protein. The comparison with a calreticulin null strain revealed that the alteration of all of these processes seems to be a consequence of a loss of function of mutant calreticulin in the worm, except for the dysregulation of Hedgehog signaling and flh-3. Further analysis of this model could help to delineate these mechanisms, and the verification of these results in mammalian models may unravel new potential therapeutic targets in MPNs. As far as we know, this is the first time that a C. elegans strain with patient-like mutations is proposed as a potential model for leukemia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Guijarro-Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura Eder-Azanza
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Hurtado
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Navarro-Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Begoña Ezcurra
- Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Novo
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Cabello
- Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - José Luis Vizmanos
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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3
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Souza-Neto FV, Islas F, Jiménez-González S, Luaces M, Ramchandani B, Romero-Miranda A, Delgado-Valero B, Roldan-Molina E, Saiz-Pardo M, Cerón-Nieto MÁ, Ortega-Medina L, Martínez-Martínez E, Cachofeiro V. Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Promotes Cardiac Remodeling in Myocardial Infarction through the Activation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071232. [PMID: 35883722 PMCID: PMC9311874 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We have evaluated cardiac function and fibrosis in infarcted male Wistar rats treated with MitoQ (50 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 4 weeks. A cohort of patients admitted with a first episode of acute MI were also analyzed with cardiac magnetic resonance and T1 mapping during admission and at a 12-month follow-up. Infarcted animals presented cardiac hypertrophy and a reduction in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and E- and A-waves (E/A) ratio when compared to controls. Myocardial infarction (MI) rats also showed cardiac fibrosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation. Binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) levels, a marker of ER stress, were correlated with collagen I levels. MitoQ reduced oxidative stress and prevented all these changes without affecting the infarct size. The LVEF and E/A ratio in patients with MI were 57.6 ± 7.9% and 0.96 ± 0.34, respectively. No major changes in cardiac function, extracellular volume fraction (ECV), or LV mass were observed at follow-up. Interestingly, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were associated with the ECV in basal conditions. BiP staining and collagen content were also higher in cardiac samples from autopsies of patients who had suffered an MI than in those who had died from other causes. These results show the interactions between mitochondrial oxidative stress and ER stress, which can result in the development of diffuse fibrosis in the context of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco V. Souza-Neto
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.V.S.-N.); (S.J.-G.); (A.R.-M.); (B.D.-V.)
| | - Fabian Islas
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.I.); (M.L.)
| | - Sara Jiménez-González
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.V.S.-N.); (S.J.-G.); (A.R.-M.); (B.D.-V.)
| | - María Luaces
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.I.); (M.L.)
| | - Bunty Ramchandani
- Servicio de Cirugía Cardiaca Infantil, Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Romero-Miranda
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.V.S.-N.); (S.J.-G.); (A.R.-M.); (B.D.-V.)
| | - Beatriz Delgado-Valero
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.V.S.-N.); (S.J.-G.); (A.R.-M.); (B.D.-V.)
| | - Elena Roldan-Molina
- Biobanco del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación de Salud del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.-M.); (L.O.-M.)
| | - Melchor Saiz-Pardo
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.-P.); (M.Á.C.-N.)
- Departamento de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y Patología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª Ángeles Cerón-Nieto
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.-P.); (M.Á.C.-N.)
| | - Luis Ortega-Medina
- Biobanco del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación de Salud del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.-M.); (L.O.-M.)
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.-P.); (M.Á.C.-N.)
- Departamento de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y Patología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.V.S.-N.); (S.J.-G.); (A.R.-M.); (B.D.-V.)
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.M.-M.); (V.C.); Tel.: +34-91-3941483 (E.M.-M.); +34-91-3941489 (V.C.)
| | - Victoria Cachofeiro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.V.S.-N.); (S.J.-G.); (A.R.-M.); (B.D.-V.)
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.M.-M.); (V.C.); Tel.: +34-91-3941483 (E.M.-M.); +34-91-3941489 (V.C.)
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Liu YS, Chang YC, Kuo WW, Chen MC, Wang TF, Chen TS, Lin YM, Li CC, Liao PH, Huang CY. Calreticulin nuclear translocalization alleviates CaM/CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway to enhance chemosensitivity in HDAC inhibitor-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:5097-5115. [PMID: 35724265 PMCID: PMC9271289 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT) is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), it helps proteins fold correctly inside the ER, and acts as a modulator of Ca2+ homeostasis. Aberrant expression of CRT is implicated in several cancer types, qualifying CRT as a potential therapeutic target. However, it remains unclear how CRT affects specific oncogenic pathways. In this study, we used histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) to establish drug-resistant liver cancer cells and further analyzed the molecular mechanism of development of drug resistance in those cells. The 2D gel electrophoresis and RT-PCR data showed that CRT was downregulated in HDACis-resistant cells by comparing with HA22T parental cells. We previously elucidated the development of drug-resistance in HCC cells via activation of PP1-eIF2α pathway, but not via ER stress pathway. Here, we show that thapsigargin induced ER stress through mechanism other than ER stress downstream protein GRP78-PERK to regulate CRT expression in HDACis-R cells. Moreover, the expression level of CRT was not the main cause of apoptosis in HDACis-resistant cells. Mechanistic studies identified the apoptosis factors in the nucleus-the HDACis-mediated overexpression of CRT, CRT translocation to the cell nucleus, and reduced CaM/CaMKII/CREB pathway-that led to chemosensitivity in HDACis-R HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng Liu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Chang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Tso-Fu Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, School of Medicine Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Sheng Chen
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Li
- Center of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiang Liao
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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5
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Bruiners N, Guerrini V, Ukey R, Dikdan RJ, Yang JH, Mishra PK, Onyuka A, Handler D, Vieth J, Carayannopoulos M, Guo S, Pollen M, Pinter A, Tyagi S, Feingold D, Philipp C, Libutti SK, Gennaro ML. Longitudinal Analysis of Biologic Correlates of COVID-19 Resolution: Case Report. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:915367. [PMID: 35783607 PMCID: PMC9240225 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.915367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the biomarkers of COVID-19 severity have been thoroughly investigated, the key biological dynamics associated with COVID-19 resolution are still insufficiently understood. We report a case of full resolution of severe COVID-19 due to convalescent plasma transfusion. Following transfusion, the patient showed fever remission, improved respiratory status, and rapidly decreased viral burden in respiratory fluids and SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia. Longitudinal unbiased proteomic analysis of plasma and single-cell transcriptomics of peripheral blood cells conducted prior to and at multiple times after convalescent plasma transfusion identified the key biological processes associated with the transition from severe disease to disease-free state. These included (i) temporally ordered upward and downward changes in plasma proteins reestablishing homeostasis and (ii) post-transfusion disappearance of a subset of monocytes characterized by hyperactivated Interferon responses and decreased TNF-α signaling. Monitoring specific dysfunctional myeloid cell subsets in peripheral blood may provide prognostic keys in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Bruiners
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Valentina Guerrini
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Rahul Ukey
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Ryan J. Dikdan
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Jason H. Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Pankaj Kumar Mishra
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Alberta Onyuka
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Deborah Handler
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Joshua Vieth
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Mary Carayannopoulos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Shuang Guo
- Division of Hematology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Maressa Pollen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Abraham Pinter
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Sanjay Tyagi
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Daniel Feingold
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Claire Philipp
- Division of Hematology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Steven K. Libutti
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Steven K. Libutti
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
- Maria Laura Gennaro
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6
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Murphy-Ullrich JE. Thrombospondin-1 Signaling Through the Calreticulin/LDL Receptor Related Protein 1 Axis: Functions and Possible Roles in Glaucoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:898772. [PMID: 35693935 PMCID: PMC9185677 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.898772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a matricellular extracellular matrix protein. Matricellular proteins are components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that regulate key cellular functions and impact ECM organization, but which lack direct primary structural roles in the ECM. TSP-1 expression is upregulated in response to injury, hypoxia, growth factor stimulation, inflammation, glucose, and by reactive oxygen species. Relevant to glaucoma, TSP-1 is also a mechanosensitive molecule upregulated by mechanical stretch. TSP-1 expression is increased in ocular remodeling in glaucoma in both the trabecular meshwork and in the optic nerve head. The exact roles of TSP-1 in glaucoma remain to be defined, however. It plays important roles in cell behavior and in ECM remodeling during wound healing, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and in tumorigenesis and metastasis. At the cellular level, TSP-1 can modulate cell adhesion and migration, protease activity, growth factor activity, anoikis resistance, apoptosis, and collagen secretion and matrix assembly and cross-linking. These multiple functions and macromolecular and receptor interactions have been ascribed to specific domains of the TSP-1 molecule. In this review, we will focus on the cell regulatory activities of the TSP-1 N-terminal domain (NTD) sequence that binds to cell surface calreticulin (Calr) and which regulates cell functions via signaling through Calr complexed with LDL receptor related protein 1 (LRP1). We will describe TSP-1 actions mediated through the Calr/LRP1 complex in regulating focal adhesion disassembly and cytoskeletal reorganization, cell motility, anoikis resistance, and induction of collagen secretion and matrix deposition. Finally, we will consider the relevance of these TSP-1 functions to the pathologic remodeling of the ECM in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E. Murphy-Ullrich
- Departments of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Joanne E. Murphy-Ullrich,
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Bruiners N, Guerrini V, Ukey R, Dikdan R, Yang J, Mishra PK, Onyuka A, Handler D, Vieth J, Carayannopulos M, Guo S, Pollen M, Pinter A, Tyagi S, Feingold D, Philipp C, Libutti S, Gennaro ML. Biologic correlates of beneficial convalescent plasma therapy in a COVID-19 patient reveal disease resolution mechanisms. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2022.02.03.22269612. [PMID: 35132422 PMCID: PMC8820674 DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.03.22269612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the biomarkers of COVID-19 severity have been thoroughly investigated, the key biological dynamics associated with COVID-19 resolution are still insufficiently understood. MAIN BODY We report a case of full resolution of severe COVID-19 due to convalescent plasma transfusion in a patient with underlying multiple autoimmune syndrome. Following transfusion, the patient showed fever remission, improved respiratory status, and rapidly decreased viral burden in respiratory fluids and SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia. Longitudinal unbiased proteomic analysis of plasma and single-cell transcriptomics of peripheral blood cells conducted prior to and at multiple times after convalescent plasma transfusion identified the key biological processes associated with the transition from severe disease to disease-free state. These included (i) temporally ordered upward and downward changes in plasma proteins reestablishing homeostasis and (ii) post-transfusion disappearance of a particular subset of dysfunctional monocytes characterized by hyperactivated Interferon responses and decreased TNF-α signaling. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring specific subsets of innate immune cells in peripheral blood may provide prognostic keys in severe COVID-19. Moreover, understanding disease resolution at the molecular and cellular level should contribute to identify targets of therapeutic interventions against severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Bruiners
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Valentina Guerrini
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Rahul Ukey
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Ryan Dikdan
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Jason Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Pankaj Kumar Mishra
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Alberta Onyuka
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Deborah Handler
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Joshua Vieth
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903
| | - Mary Carayannopulos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Shuang Guo
- Division of Hematology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Maressa Pollen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Abraham Pinter
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Sanjay Tyagi
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Daniel Feingold
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Claire Philipp
- Division of Hematology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Steven Libutti
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
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Calreticulin silencing inhibits extracellular matrix synthesis of human gingival fibroblasts cultured on three-dimensional poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffolds by inhibiting the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells 3 signalling pathway. Ann Anat 2021; 239:151820. [PMID: 34411706 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The retraction and compression of gingival tissue have a significant impact on the efficiency and stability of orthodontic treatment, but the underlying molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of mechanical forces on the expression level of calreticulin (CRT), the activity of the calcineurin (CaN)/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) 3 signalling pathway, and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) cultured on three-dimensional (3D) poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds and to further explore the mechanical transduction pathways that may be involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mechanical force of 25 g/cm2 was applied to HGFs for 0, 6, 24, 48, or 72 h. The expression of CRT, CaN, NFAT3, phosphorylated NFAT3 (p-NFAT3) and type I collagen (COL-I) were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Subsequently, small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knock down the expression of CRT in HGFs, and the impacts of the applied force on the expression levels of CaN, NFAT3, p-NFAT3, and COL-I were also evaluated by RT-qPCR and western blotting. RESULTS The application of mechanical force on HGFs cultured on 3D PLGA scaffolds led to a significant increases in CRT, CaN, and COL-I expression as well as a decrease in p-NFAT3 expression. However, the effects of mechanical force on CaN, p-NFAT3, and COL-I expression were reversed following downregulation of CRT and displayed a significant decrease in CaN/NFAT3 activity and COL-I synthesis. CONCLUSION This study showed that the CaN/NFAT3 signalling pathway and CRT appear to be involved in the mechanotransduction of HGFs, and downregulation of CRT inhibits COL-I synthesis potentially via the CaN/NFAT3 signalling pathway. Taken together, these findings ultimately provide novel insight into the mechanisms underlying mechanical force-induced ECM synthesis, which may be conducive to the development of targeted therapeutics to treat fibrotic diseases, including gingival fibrosis caused by orthodontic treatment.
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Tartaglia G, Cao Q, Padron ZM, South AP. Impaired Wound Healing, Fibrosis, and Cancer: The Paradigm of Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5104. [PMID: 34065916 PMCID: PMC8151646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (RDEB) is a devastating skin blistering disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding type VII collagen (C7), leading to epidermal fragility, trauma-induced blistering, and long term, hard-to-heal wounds. Fibrosis develops rapidly in RDEB skin and contributes to both chronic wounds, which emerge after cycles of repetitive wound and scar formation, and squamous cell carcinoma-the single biggest cause of death in this patient group. The molecular pathways disrupted in a broad spectrum of fibrotic disease are also disrupted in RDEB, and squamous cell carcinomas arising in RDEB are thus far molecularly indistinct from other sub-types of aggressive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Collectively these data demonstrate RDEB is a model for understanding the molecular basis of both fibrosis and rapidly developing aggressive cancer. A number of studies have shown that RDEB pathogenesis is driven by a radical change in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and increased transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling that is a direct result of C7 loss-of-function in dermal fibroblasts. However, the exact mechanism of how C7 loss results in extensive fibrosis is unclear, particularly how TGFβ signaling is activated and then sustained through complex networks of cell-cell interaction not limited to the traditional fibrotic protagonist, the dermal fibroblast. Continued study of this rare disease will likely yield paradigms relevant to more common pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Tartaglia
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, BLSB 406, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (G.T.); (Q.C.); (Z.M.P.)
| | - Qingqing Cao
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, BLSB 406, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (G.T.); (Q.C.); (Z.M.P.)
| | - Zachary M. Padron
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, BLSB 406, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (G.T.); (Q.C.); (Z.M.P.)
- The Joan and Joel Rosenbloom Research Center for Fibrotic Diseases, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Andrew P. South
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, BLSB 406, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (G.T.); (Q.C.); (Z.M.P.)
- The Joan and Joel Rosenbloom Research Center for Fibrotic Diseases, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Grandjean JMD, Wiseman RL. Small molecule strategies to harness the unfolded protein response: where do we go from here? J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15692-15711. [PMID: 32887796 PMCID: PMC7667976 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) plays a central role in regulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and global cellular physiology in response to pathologic ER stress. The UPR is comprised of three signaling pathways activated downstream of the ER membrane proteins IRE1, ATF6, and PERK. Once activated, these proteins initiate transcriptional and translational signaling that functions to alleviate ER stress, adapt cellular physiology, and dictate cell fate. Imbalances in UPR signaling are implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous, etiologically-diverse diseases, including many neurodegenerative diseases, protein misfolding diseases, diabetes, ischemic disorders, and cancer. This has led to significant interest in establishing pharmacologic strategies to selectively modulate IRE1, ATF6, or PERK signaling to both ameliorate pathologic imbalances in UPR signaling implicated in these different diseases and define the importance of the UPR in diverse cellular and organismal contexts. Recently, there has been significant progress in the identification and characterization of UPR modulating compounds, providing new opportunities to probe the pathologic and potentially therapeutic implications of UPR signaling in human disease. Here, we describe currently available UPR modulating compounds, specifically highlighting the strategies used for their discovery and specific advantages and disadvantages in their application for probing UPR function. Furthermore, we discuss lessons learned from the application of these compounds in cellular and in vivo models to identify favorable compound properties that can help drive the further translational development of selective UPR modulators for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M D Grandjean
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - R Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
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11
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Lu A, Pallero MA, Owusu BY, Borovjagin AV, Lei W, Sanders PW, Murphy-Ullrich JE. Calreticulin is important for the development of renal fibrosis and dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy. Matrix Biol Plus 2020; 8:100034. [PMID: 33543033 PMCID: PMC7852315 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2020.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, our lab showed that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and calcium regulatory protein, calreticulin (CRT), is important for collagen transcription, secretion, and assembly into the extracellular matrix (ECM) and that ER CRT is critical for TGF-β stimulation of type I collagen transcription through stimulation of ER calcium release and NFAT activation. Diabetes is the leading cause of end stage renal disease. TGF-β is a key factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. However, the role of calreticulin (Calr) in fibrosis of diabetic nephropathy has not been investigated. In current work, we used both in vitro and in vivo approaches to assess the role of ER CRT in TGF-β and glucose stimulated ECM production by renal tubule cells and in diabetic mice. Knockdown of CALR by siRNA in a human proximal tubular cell line (HK-2) showed reduced induction of soluble collagen when stimulated by TGF-β or high glucose as compared to control cells, as well as a reduction in fibronectin and collagen IV transcript levels. CRT protein is increased in kidneys of mice made diabetic with streptozotocin and subjected to uninephrectomy to accelerate renal tubular injury as compared to controls. We used renal-targeted ultrasound delivery of Cre-recombinase plasmid to knockdown specifically CRT expression in the remaining kidney of uninephrectomized Calr fl/fl mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. This approach reduced CRT expression in the kidney, primarily in the tubular epithelium, by 30-55%, which persisted over the course of the studies. Renal function as measured by the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio was improved in the mice with knockdown of CRT as compared to diabetic mice injected with saline or subjected to ultrasound and injected with control GFP plasmid. PAS staining of kidneys and immunohistochemical analyses of collagen types I and IV show reduced glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Renal sections from diabetic mice with CRT knockdown showed reduced nuclear NFAT in renal tubules and treatment of diabetic mice with 11R-VIVIT, an NFAT inhibitor, reduced proteinuria and renal fibrosis. These studies identify ER CRT as an important regulator of TGF-β stimulated ECM production in the diabetic kidney, potentially through regulation of NFAT-dependent ECM transcription.
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Key Words
- 4-PBA, 4-phenylbutyrate
- CRT, calreticulin
- Calreticulin
- Collagen
- Diabetic nephropathy
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- Fibrosis
- GRP78, glucose related protein 78
- MB/US, microbubble/ultrasound
- NFAT
- NFAT, nuclear factor of activated T cells
- PAS, Periodic Acid-Schiff
- STZ, streptozotocin
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- UPR, unfolded protein response
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35294-0019, USA
| | - Manuel A. Pallero
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35294-0019, USA
| | - Benjamin Y. Owusu
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35294-0019, USA
| | - Anton V. Borovjagin
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35294-0019, USA
| | - Weiqi Lei
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35294-0019, USA
| | - Paul W. Sanders
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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Pandya UM, Manzanares MA, Tellechea A, Egbuta C, Daubriac J, Jimenez-Jaramillo C, Samra F, Fredston-Hermann A, Saadipour K, Gold LI. Calreticulin exploits TGF-β for extracellular matrix induction engineering a tissue regenerative process. FASEB J 2020; 34:15849-15874. [PMID: 33015849 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001161r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Topical application of extracellular calreticulin (eCRT), an ER chaperone protein, in animal models enhances wound healing and induces tissue regeneration evidenced by epidermal appendage neogenesis and lack of scarring. In addition to chemoattraction of cells critical to the wound healing process, eCRT induces abundant neo-dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) formation by 3 days post-wounding. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanisms involved in eCRT induction of ECM. In vitro, eCRT strongly induces collagen I, fibronectin, elastin, α-smooth muscle actin in human adult dermal (HDFs) and neonatal fibroblasts (HFFs) mainly via TGF-β canonical signaling and Smad2/3 activation; RAP, an inhibitor of LRP1 blocked eCRT ECM induction. Conversely, eCRT induction of α5 and β1 integrins was not mediated by TGF-β signaling nor inhibited by RAP. Whereas eCRT strongly induces ECM and integrin α5 proteins in K41 wild-type mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs), CRT null MEFs were unresponsive. The data show that eCRT induces the synthesis and release of TGF-β3 first via LRP1 or other receptor signaling and later induces ECM proteins via LRP1 signaling subsequently initiating TGF-β receptor signaling for intracellular CRT (iCRT)-dependent induction of TGF-β1 and ECM proteins. In addition, TGF-β1 induces 2-3-fold higher level of ECM proteins than eCRT. Whereas eCRT and iCRT converge for ECM induction, we propose that eCRT attenuates TGF-β-mediated fibrosis/scarring to achieve tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unnati M Pandya
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine-Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel A Manzanares
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine-Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Tellechea
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine-Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chinaza Egbuta
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine-Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julien Daubriac
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine-Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Couger Jimenez-Jaramillo
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine-Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fares Samra
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine-Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexa Fredston-Hermann
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine-Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Khalil Saadipour
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine-Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leslie I Gold
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine-Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.,Pathology Department, New York University School of Medicine-Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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13
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ER Stress-Induced Secretion of Proteins and Their Extracellular Functions in the Heart. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092066. [PMID: 32927693 PMCID: PMC7563782 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a result of conditions that imbalance protein homeostasis or proteostasis at the ER, for example ischemia, and is a common event in various human pathologies, including the diseased heart. Cardiac integrity and function depend on the active secretion of mature proteins from a variety of cell types in the heart, a process that requires an intact ER environment for efficient protein folding and trafficking to the secretory pathway. As a consequence of ER stress, most protein secretion by the ER secretory pathway is decreased. Strikingly, there is a select group of proteins that are secreted in greater quantities during ER stress. ER stress resulting from the dysregulation of ER Ca2+ levels, for instance, stimulates the secretion of Ca2+-binding ER chaperones, especially GRP78, GRP94, calreticulin, and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), which play a multitude of roles outside the cell, strongly depending on the cell type and tissue. Here we review current insights in ER stress-induced secretion of proteins, particularly from the heart, and highlight the extracellular functions of these proteins, ranging from the augmentation of cardiac cell viability to the modulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic, oncogenic, and immune-stimulatory cell signaling, cell invasion, extracellular proteostasis, and more. Many of the roles of ER stress-induced protein secretion remain to be explored in the heart. This article is part of a special issue entitled “The Role of Proteostasis Derailment in Cardiac Diseases.”
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Regulates Scleral Remodeling in a Guinea Pig Model of Form-Deprivation Myopia. J Ophthalmol 2020; 2020:3264525. [PMID: 32587758 PMCID: PMC7303736 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3264525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in scleral remodeling in a guinea pig model of form-deprivation myopia (FDM). Methods Guinea pigs were form deprived to induce myopia. ER ultrastructural changes in the sclera were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The protein levels of ER stress chaperones, including GRP78, CHOP, and calreticulin (CRT), were analyzed by western blotting at 24 hours, 1 week, and 4 weeks of FD. Scleral fibroblasts from guinea pigs were cultured and exposed to the ER stress inducer tunicamycin (TM) or the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA). CRT was knocked down by lentivirus-mediated CRT shRNA transfection. The expression levels of GRP78, CHOP, TGF-β1, and COL1A1 were analyzed by qRT-PCR or western blotting. Results The sclera of FDM eyes exhibited swollen and distended ER at 4 weeks, as well as significantly increased protein expression of GRP78 and CRT at 1 week and 4 weeks, compared to the sclera of the control eyes. In vitro, TM induced ER stress in scleral fibroblasts, which was suppressed by 4-PBA. The mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and COL1A1 was upregulated after TM stimulation for 24 hours, but downregulated for 48 hours. Additionally, change of TGF-β1 and COL1A1 transcription induced by TM was suppressed by CRT knockdown. Conclusions ER stress was an important modulator which could influence the expression of the scleral collagen. CRT might be a new target for the intervention of the FDM scleral remodeling process.
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15
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Ghilardi SJ, O'Reilly BM, Sgro AE. Intracellular signaling dynamics and their role in coordinating tissue repair. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 12:e1479. [PMID: 32035001 PMCID: PMC7187325 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue repair is a complex process that requires effective communication and coordination between cells across multiple tissues and organ systems. Two of the initial intracellular signals that encode injury signals and initiate tissue repair responses are calcium and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). However, calcium and ERK signaling control a variety of cellular behaviors important for injury repair including cellular motility, contractility, and proliferation, as well as the activity of several different transcription factors, making it challenging to relate specific injury signals to their respective repair programs. This knowledge gap ultimately hinders the development of new wound healing therapies that could take advantage of native cellular signaling programs to more effectively repair tissue damage. The objective of this review is to highlight the roles of calcium and ERK signaling dynamics as mechanisms that link specific injury signals to specific cellular repair programs during epithelial and stromal injury repair. We detail how the signaling networks controlling calcium and ERK can now also be dissected using classical signal processing techniques with the advent of new biosensors and optogenetic signal controllers. Finally, we advocate the importance of recognizing calcium and ERK dynamics as key links between injury detection and injury repair programs that both organize and execute a coordinated tissue repair response between cells across different tissues and organs. This article is categorized under: Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Imaging Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Ghilardi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Biological Design CenterBoston UniversityBostonMassachusetts
| | - Breanna M. O'Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Biological Design CenterBoston UniversityBostonMassachusetts
| | - Allyson E. Sgro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Biological Design CenterBoston UniversityBostonMassachusetts
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16
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes inflammation-mediated proteolytic activity at the ocular surface. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2216. [PMID: 32042069 PMCID: PMC7010695 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence implicates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Here, we demonstrate that the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα stimulates matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) at the ocular surface through a c-Fos-dependent mechanism of ER stress. We found positive reactivity of the molecular chaperone BiP/GRP78 in conjunctival epithelium of patients with ocular cicatricial pemphigoid and increased levels of BiP/GRP78, sXBP1 and GRP94 in human corneal epithelial cells treated with TNFα. Pharmacological blockade of ER stress in vitro using dexamethasone or the chemical chaperones TUDCA and 4PBA attenuated MMP9 expression and secretion in the presence of TNFα. Moreover, expression analysis of genes associated with inflammation and autoimmunity identified the c-Fos proto-oncogene as a mediator of ER stress responses in epithelial cells. Substantially less TNFα-induced MMP9 expression occurred when c-Fos signaling was suppressed with a function-blocking antibody. Taken together, these results indicate that activation of ER stress contributes to promote inflammation-mediated proteolytic activity and uncovers a target for restoring tissue homeostasis in ocular autoimmune disease.
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17
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Tao T, Wang J, Wang X, Wang Y, Mao H, Liu X. The PERK/Nrf2 pathway mediates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced injury by upregulating endoplasmic reticulophagy in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Life Sci 2019; 237:116944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Murphy-Ullrich JE. Thrombospondin 1 and Its Diverse Roles as a Regulator of Extracellular Matrix in Fibrotic Disease. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 67:683-699. [PMID: 31116066 PMCID: PMC6713974 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419851103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) is a matricellular extracellular matrix protein that has diverse roles in regulating cellular processes important for the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases. We will present evidence for the importance of TSP1 control of latent transforming growth factor beta activation in renal fibrosis with an emphasis on diabetic nephropathy. Other functions of TSP1 that affect renal fibrosis, including regulation of inflammation and capillary density, will be addressed. Emerging roles for TSP1 N-terminal domain regulation of collagen matrix assembly, direct effects of TSP1-collagen binding, and intracellular functions of TSP1 in mediating endoplasmic reticulum stress responses in extracellular matrix remodeling and fibrosis, which could potentially affect renal fibrogenesis, will also be discussed. Finally, we will address possible strategies for targeting TSP1 functions to treat fibrotic renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Murphy-Ullrich
- Departments of Pathology, Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, and Ophthalmology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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19
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Inoue R, Kurahara LH, Hiraishi K. TRP channels in cardiac and intestinal fibrosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 94:40-49. [PMID: 30445149 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that advanced fibrosis underlies many chronic inflammatory disorders and is the main cause of morbidity and mortality of the modern world. The pathogenic mechanism of advanced fibrosis involves diverse and intricate interplays between numerous extracellular and intracellular signaling molecules, among which the non-trivial roles of a stress-responsive Ca2+/Na+-permeable cation channel superfamily, the transient receptor potential (TRP) protein, are receiving growing attention. Available evidence suggests that several TRP channels such as TRPC3, TRPC6, TRPV1, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPA1, TRPM6 and TRPM7 may play central roles in the progression and/or prevention of fibroproliferative disorders in vital visceral organs such as lung, heart, liver, kidney, and bowel as well as brain, blood vessels and skin, and may contribute to both acute and chronic inflammatory processes involved therein. This short paper overviews the current knowledge accumulated in this rapidly growing field, with particular focus on cardiac and intestinal fibrosis, which are tightly associated with the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation and inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Inoue
- Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of medicine, Nanakuma 7-451, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Lin-Hai Kurahara
- Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of medicine, Nanakuma 7-451, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Keizo Hiraishi
- Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of medicine, Nanakuma 7-451, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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Bortnov V, Annis DS, Fogerty FJ, Barretto KT, Turton KB, Mosher DF. Myeloid-derived growth factor is a resident endoplasmic reticulum protein. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13166-13175. [PMID: 29954947 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ac118.002052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human myeloid-derived growth factor (MYDGF; also known as C19orf10) is named based on its identification as a secreted monocyte/macrophage-derived mediator of cardiac repair following myocardial infarction in mice. Homologs of MYDGF, however, are present in organisms throughout and outside of the animal kingdom, some of which lack hematopoietic and circulatory systems. Moreover, the UPF0556 protein domain, which defines these homologs, lacks a known structure. As a result, the functions and properties of MYDGF are unclear. Our current work was initiated to test whether MYDGF is present in secretory vesicles of eosinophils as it was recently reported to be abundant in these cells. However, we could not demonstrate secretion and unexpectedly discovered that MYDGF colocalizes with P4HB in the nuclear envelope, which comprises the bulk of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eosinophils, and with P4HB and RCAS1 in Golgi. We noted a ubiquitous C-terminal sequence, BXEL (B, basic; X, variable residue; E, Glu; L, Leu), that has the potential to retain human MYDGF and its homologs in the ER. To test the functionality of this sequence, we expressed full-length human MYDGF or MYDGF lacking the C-terminal Glu-Leu residues in monolayers of human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. Full-length MYDGF accumulated in cells, whereas truncated MYDGF appeared in the medium. These observations reveal that MYDGF resides in the ER and Golgi and provide a new framework for investigating and understanding this intriguing protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Deane F Mosher
- From the Departments of Biomolecular Chemistry and .,Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Schapochnik A, da Silva MR, Leal MP, Esteves J, Hebeda CB, Sandri S, de Fátima Teixeira da Silva D, Farsky SHP, Marcos RL, Lino-Dos-Santos-Franco A. Vitamin D treatment abrogates the inflammatory response in paraquat-induced lung fibrosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 355:60-67. [PMID: 29944852 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A high incidence of intentional or accidental paraquat (PQ) ingestion is related to irreversible lung fibrosis and no effective therapy is currently available. Vitamin D has emerged with promising results as an immunomodulatory molecule when abrogating the inflammatory responses of lung diseases. Therefore, we have investigated the role of vitamin D treatments on PQ-induced lung fibrosis in male C57/BL6 mice. Lung fibrosis was induced by a single injection of PQ (10 mg/kg; i.p.). The control group received PQ vehicle. Seven days later, after the PQ injection or the vehicle injection, the mice received vitamin D (5 μg/kg, i.p., once a day) or vehicle, for a further 7 days. Twenty-four hours after the last dose of vitamin D or the vehicle, the analysis were performed. The vitamin D treatments reduced the number of leukocytes in their BALF and they decreased the IL-6, IL-17, TGF-beta and MMP-9 levels and the abrogated collagenase deposits in their lung tissues. Conversely, the vitamin D treatments increased the resolvin D levels in their BALF. Moreover, their tracheal contractility was also significantly reduced by the vitamin D treatments. Altogether, the data that was obtained showed a promising use of vitamin D, in treating the lung fibrosis that had been induced by the PQ intoxications. This may improve its prognostic use for a non-invasive and low cost therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Schapochnik
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Rodrigues da Silva
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayara Peres Leal
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janete Esteves
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Bichels Hebeda
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana Sandri
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Helena Poliseli Farsky
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Labat Marcos
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Lino-Dos-Santos-Franco
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil.
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