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Al-Bayaty FH, Kamaruddin AA, Ismail MA, Al-Obaidi MM. Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy of Biodegradable Chip Containing Salvadora persica (miswak) Extract in Chitosan Base as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in the Management of Periodontitis. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2024; 24:360-366. [PMID: 39234330 PMCID: PMC11370949 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.6.2024.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study attempted to develop 2 biodegradable periodontal chips containing Salvadora persica (miswak) or benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) extracts and evaluate their clinical effectiveness in managing periodontitis. Methods This clinical trial was conducted at the Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, from September 2010 to April 2012. Periodontal chips were formulated using S. persica, benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) and chitosan extracts. All patients were treated with full mouth scaling and root planing at baseline. Thereafter, the periodontal pockets (≥5 mm in length) were divided into 4 groups: the control group; group 2 (plain chitosan chip); group 3 (S. persica extract); and group 4 (BITC extract). Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal probing pocket depth and clinical attachment levels were recorded at days 0 and 60 only. Results A total of 12 patients participated in this study. Overall, 240 periodontal pockets were evaluated. The study revealed significant improvements in PI, BOP and reduction in periodontal pocket depth in all 4 groups (P <0.05). The improvement in clinical attachment level was significantly higher (P <0.001) among the group that received S. persica chips compared to the control and other chip-treated groups. Conclusion Periodontal chips containing S. persica can be used as adjuncts to treat patients with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad H. Al-Bayaty
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azwin A. Kamaruddin
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Comprehensive Care, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd A. Ismail
- Klinik Pergigian Merlimau (Principal), Melaka, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - Mazen M.J. Al-Obaidi
- Science Department, College of education, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Rustaq, Oman
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Sonkar V, Venu V, Nishil B, Thatikonda S. Review on antibiotic pollution dynamics: insights to occurrence, environmental behaviour, ecotoxicity, and management strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:51164-51196. [PMID: 39155346 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34567-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic contamination poses a significant global concern due to its far-reaching impact on public health and the environment. This comprehensive review delves into the prevalence of various antibiotic classes in environmental pollution and their interactions with natural ecosystems. Fluoroquinolones, macrolides, tetracyclines, and sulphonamides have emerged as prevalent contaminants in environmental matrices worldwide. The concentrations of these antibiotics vary across diverse environments, influenced by production practices, consumer behaviours, and socio-economic factors. Low- and low-middle-income countries face unique challenges in managing antibiotic contamination, with dominant mechanisms like hydrolysis, sorption, and biodegradation leading to the formation of toxic byproducts. Ecotoxicity reports reveal the detrimental effects of these byproducts on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, further emphasizing the gravity of the issue. Notably, monitoring the antibiotic parent compound alone may be inadequate for framing effective control and management strategies for antibiotic pollution. This review underscores the imperative of a comprehensive, multi-sectoral approach to address environmental antibiotic contamination and combat antimicrobial resistance. It also advocates for the development and implementation of tailored national action plans that consider specific environmental conditions and factors. Thus, an approach is crucial for safeguarding both public health and the delicate balance of our natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Sonkar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India
| | - Vishnudatha Venu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India
| | - Benita Nishil
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India
| | - Shashidhar Thatikonda
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India.
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Vijayaram S, Razafindralambo H, Ghafarifarsani H, Sun YZ, Hoseinifar SH, Van Doan H. Synergetic response on herbal and probiotic applications: a review. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1315-1329. [PMID: 38411877 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Herbs and their by-products are important traditional medicines and food supplements; they provide numerous beneficial effects for animals. Consequently, probiotics are living cell organisms, nontoxic, and friendly microbes. Probiotics have numerous beneficial activities such as inhibition of pathogens, enhancement of the immune system, growth, disease resistance, improving water quality, reducing toxic effects, synthesis of vitamins, prevention of cancer, reduction of irritable bowel syndrome, and more positive responses in animals. Herbal and probiotic combinations have more active responses and produce new substances to enhance beneficial responses in animals. Herbal and probiotic mixture report is still limited applications for animals. However, the mechanisms by which they interact with the immune system and gut microbiota in animals are largely unclear. This review provides some information on the effect of herbal and probiotic blend on animals. This review discusses current research advancements to fulfill research gaps and promote effective and healthy animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seerengaraj Vijayaram
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hary Razafindralambo
- ProBioLab, Campus Universitaire de La Faculté de Gembloux AgroBio Tech/Université de Liège, B5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hamed Ghafarifarsani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yun-Zhang Sun
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Functional Feed Innovation Center (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Erfanifar E, Khoei ZA, Abolfathi M, Erfanifar E, Tamadoni Jahromi S, Taee HM, Pourmozaffar S. Effect of paprika extracts on growth performance, haemolymph chemistry, intestinal microbiota and antioxidant enzyme activities of white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:854-867. [PMID: 38323979 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of paprika extract on the survival rate, growth performance and stimulation of the innate immune system of Litopenaeus vannamei. In this experiment, 240 healthy shrimp (3.22 ± 0.12 g) were randomly divided into four groups. The shrimp were fed diets with different concentrations of paprika oil extracts (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%) for 8 weeks. The results showed that growth performance, urea, uric acid, creatinine, cholesterol levels, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities were not significantly affected by adding paprika extract to the shrimp diet (p > 0.05). Diets containing 1% and 0.5% paprika extract showed the highest levels of total protein and triglyceride, respectively (p < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in haemolymph glucose concentration in shrimp-fed diets containing 1% and 2% paprika extract (p < 0.05). Moreover, a diet containing 0.5% paprika extract resulted in the highest levels of total heamocyte count, hyaline cells and large-granular cells in shrimp (p < 0.05). Higher catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were also exhibited in the paprika groups (p < 0.05). Vibrio sp. bacteria were not significantly reduced by paprika extract in the intestines of L. vannamei (p > 0.05). A significant decrease in heterotrophic bacteria was observed with increasing extract concentrations (p < 0.05). The shrimp culture industry can utilize paprika extract as a cost-effective, efficient and environmentally friendly immune stimulant at a concentration of 0.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Erfanifar
- Offshore Fisheries Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Chabahar, Iran
| | - Zahra Amini Khoei
- Offshore Fisheries Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Chabahar, Iran
| | - Marzieh Abolfathi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar-Abbas, Iran
| | - Elahe Erfanifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran
| | - Hadis Mansouri Taee
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sajjad Pourmozaffar
- Persian Gulf Mollusks Research Station, Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar-e-Lengeh, Iran
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El-Raghi AA, El-Mezayen MM, Areda HA. Potential effects of probiotics (immunobacteryne; IMB) on growth performance, feed efficacy, blood biochemical, redox balance, nonspecific immunity and heat-shock protein expression of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:691-699. [PMID: 38226768 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The supplementation of aquafeed with probiotics is recommended for feasible aquaculture activities. Therefore, the aim of current study was to investigate the potential effects of probiotics on growth performance, feed utilization, biochemical attributes, redox status and immunity response as well as the transcription of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) genes of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus; n = 120). Fish with an initial weight of 8.17 ± 0.02 g/fish were randomly divided into four treatment groups and were fed diets containing 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg immunobacteryne (IMB)/kg diet respectively. Dietary IMB at 1.5 g/kg diet significantly improved the growth performance, feed consumption and growth hormone secretion of the experimental fish (p < 0.05). The 1 or 1.5 g IMB/kg diet boosted phagocytic activities and innate immune response. Serum total protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose were significantly increased in the groups that were fed 1 and 1.5 mg IMB/kg diet compared to the control (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the levels of uric acid, creatinine, liver enzymes (aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase) and cortisol hormone were significantly reduced in the aforementioned treated groups compared to the control (p < 0.05). All fish fed IMB-supplemented diet showed a significant increase in the expression of IGF-1 gene, while the transcription of HSP70 was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the dietary inclusion of IMB (1 g/kg diet) enhanced growth promoters, feed efficacy, blood biochemical, redox balance and nonspecific immune responses in Nile tilapia fingerlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ali El-Raghi
- Department of Animal, Poultry, and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | | | - Hamada A Areda
- Department of Animal, Poultry, and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
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6
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Komal W, Fatima S, Minahal Q, Liaqat R. Investigating the optimum stocking density of tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) for intensive production focused to in-pond raceway system. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504241257128. [PMID: 38860303 PMCID: PMC11168253 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241257128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The primary objective of this trial was to study the effects of stress caused by stocking density in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in the in-pond raceway system (IPRS). Fingerlings (Initial body weight = 30.00 ± 1.20 g) were reared at different stocking densities i.e. low stocking density (n = 13,000; 1.77 kg/m3), medium stocking density (MSD) (n = 17,000; 2.32 kg/m3), and high stocking density (HSD) (n = 21,000; 2.86 kg/m3), all confined within the raceways of the IPRS. Each group was studied in triplicates. The observed growth revealed a regression in the HSD treatment, evident in its reduced weight gain per fish per day, in contrast to other treatments. Survival rate across all treatments was above 99%. Notably, the HSD treatment exhibited an elevated level of cortisol; however, this intensified crowding stress did not significantly undermine the nutritional value of the fish in HSD and other experimental treatments. Furthermore, an elevation in the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase was noted within the HSD treatment in comparison to the other treatments to reduce the damage caused by reactive oxygen species. As the trial proceeded, functions of digestive enzymes like amylase, protease, and lipase diminished consistently across all treatments. This could possibly signify a deliberate redirection of energy resources toward stress alleviation rather than the usual digestive processes. In summation, it can be reasonably deduced that a stocking density of approximately 2.32 kg/m3 (MSD) emerges as the optimal threshold for effectively cultivating tilapia within an intensive aquaculture framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajeeha Komal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shafaq Fatima
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Qandeel Minahal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Razia Liaqat
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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7
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Cai Y, Xiao C, Tian B, Dorthe S, Meuter A, Song B, Song Z. Dietary probiotic based on a dual-strain Bacillus subtilis improves immunity, intestinal health, and growth performance of broiler chickens. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae183. [PMID: 39022917 PMCID: PMC11416885 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of dietary probiotic of dual-strain Bacillus subtilis on production performance, intestinal barrier parameters, and microbiota in broiler chickens. In a randomized trial, male broiler chickens were allocated into 3 groups, a control group (basal diet), BS300 group (basal diet with 300 mg/kg of B. subtilis), and BS500 group (basal diet with 500 mg/kg of B. subtilis). The inclusion of 500 mg/kg of B. subtilis significantly reduced the feed conversion ratio by 4.55% during the starting phase. Both 300 and 500 mg/kg of B. subtilis supplementation increased jejunal villus height (by 17.89% and 24.8%, respectively) significantly and decreased jejunal crypt depth (by 27.2% and 31.9%, respectively) on day 21. The addition of 500 mg/kg of B. subtilis significantly elevated the gene expression of occludin on day 35. Moreover, of B. subtilis supplementation enhanced cytokine levels and immunoglobulins in both serum and jejunal mucosa. Microbial analysis indicated that B. subtilis increased the abundance of potential probiotics (Sutterella) and butyrate-producing bacteria (Lachnoclostridium, Tyzzerella, Anaerostipes, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_13, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-010). The abundances of Anaerostipes and Sutterella, are significantly correlated with growth performance and immune function. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with B. subtilis improved the growth performance, potentially through the regulation of immunity, intestinal barrier function, and microbiota in broilers. Notably, 500 mg/kg of B. subtilis exhibited more benefits for broilers compared to the 300 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanli Cai
- College of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250200, China
| | - Chuanpi Xiao
- Department of Animal Science and Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Bo Tian
- Department of Animal Science and Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Sandvang Dorthe
- Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm 2970, Denmark
| | - Antoine Meuter
- Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm 2970, Denmark
| | - Bochen Song
- Department of Animal Science and Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- Department of Animal Science and Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
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Liu R, Sun B. Lactic Acid Bacteria and Aging: Unraveling the Interplay for Healthy Longevity. Aging Dis 2023; 15:AD.2023.0926. [PMID: 37962461 PMCID: PMC11272207 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are beneficial microorganisms widely utilized in food fermentation processes and as probiotic supplements. They offer multifarious health benefits, including enhancing digestion, strengthening immune mechanisms, and mitigating inflammation. Recent studies suggest that LAB might be instrumental in the anti-aging domain, modulating key molecular pathways involved in the aging continuum, such as IL-13, TNF-α, mTOR, IFN-γ, TGF-β, AMPK, and GABA. The TLR family, particularly TLR2, appears pivotal during the primary cellular interactions with bacteria and their byproducts. Concurrently, the Sirtuin family, predominantly Sirtuin-1, plays diverse roles upon cellular stimuli by bacterial components. The potential anti-aging benefits postulated include restoring gut balance, enhancing antioxidant potential, and fortifying cognitive and mental faculties. However, the current body of evidence is still embryonic and calls for expansive human trials and deeper mechanistic analyses. The safety and optimal consumption metrics for LAB also warrant rigorous evaluation. Future research trajectories should identify specific LAB strains with potent anti-aging properties and unravel the underlying biological pathways. Given the promising implications, LAB strains stand as potential dietary contenders to foster healthy aging and enrich the quality of life among the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, China
| | - Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Hoseinifar SH, Maradonna F, Faheem M, Harikrishnan R, Devi G, Ringø E, Van Doan H, Ashouri G, Gioacchini G, Carnevali O. Sustainable Ornamental Fish Aquaculture: The Implication of Microbial Feed Additives. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101583. [PMID: 37238012 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ornamental fish trade represents an important economic sector with an export turnover that reached approximately 5 billion US dollars in 2018. Despite its high economic importance, this sector does not receive much attention. Ornamental fish husbandry still faces many challenges and losses caused by transport stress and handling and outbreak of diseases are still to be improved. This review will provide insights on ornamental fish diseases along with the measures used to avoid or limit their onset. Moreover, this review will discuss the role of different natural and sustainable microbial feed additives, particularly probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on the health, reduction in transport stress, growth, and reproduction of farmed ornamental fish. Most importantly, this review aims to fill the informational gaps existing in advanced and sustainable practices in the ornamental fish production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49189-43464, Iran
| | - Francesca Maradonna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Mehwish Faheem
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram 631501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti 621007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Einar Ringø
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ghasem Ashouri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gioacchini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Oliana Carnevali
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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Salih AHM, Patra I, Sivaraman R, Alhamzawi R, Khalikov KM, Al-qaim ZH, Golgouneh S, Jawad MA, Adhab AH, Vázquez-Cárdenas AL, Abarghouei S. The Probiotic Lactobacillus sakei Subsp. Sakei and Hawthorn Extract Supplements Improved Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Immunity, and Resistance to the Pesticide Acetamiprid in Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:8506738. [PMID: 36922956 PMCID: PMC10010885 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8506738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impacts of the probiotic, Lactobacillus sakei (L. sakei), and the extract of hawthorn, Crataegus elbursensis, on growth and immunity of the common carp exposed to acetamiprid. Fish (mean ± SE: 11.48 ± 0.1 g) feeding was done with formulated diets (T 1 (control): no supplementation, T 2: 1 × 106 CFU/g LS (Lactobacillus sakei), T3: 1 × 108 CFU/g LS, T 4: 0.5% hawthorn extract (HWE), and T 5: 1% HWE) for 60 days and then exposed to acetamiprid for 14 days. The growth performance improved in the fish fed LS at dietary level of 1 × 108 CFU/g, even after exposure to acetamiprid (P < 0.05). Intestinal Lactobacillus sakei (CFU/g) load increased (P < 0.05), following supplementation with the probiotic-enriched diet. The LS-treated fish had increases in the activity of digestive enzymes (P < 0.05). Both LS and HWE stimulated antioxidant enzymes and immune system components in serum and mucus (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), protease, total Ig, and lysozyme) (P < 0.05). However, the changes were different depending on the kind of the supplement. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased in HWE-treated fish after acetamiprid exposure (P < 0.05). Both LS and HWE reduced the liver metabolic enzymes (LDH, ALP, AST, ALT, and LDH) in serum both before and after exposure to the pesticide (P < 0.05). However, each enzyme exhibited a different change trend depending on the type of the supplement. HWE showed a stress-ameliorating effect, as glucose and cortisol levels declined in the HWE-treated fish (P < 0.05). This study indicated the immunomodulatory impacts of LS (1 × 108 CFU/g) and HWE (at dietary levels of 0.5-1%). The probiotic showed more performance compared to HWE. However, the HWE mitigated oxidative stress more efficiently than the probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramaswamy Sivaraman
- Institution of Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, Arumbakkam, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rahim Alhamzawi
- College of Administration and Economics, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Kakhor M. Khalikov
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | | | - Sahar Golgouneh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Hussein Adhab
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technics, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
| | | | - Safoura Abarghouei
- Baharavaran Nastaran Agricultural Applied Scientific Training Center, Applied Scientific University, Qom, Iran
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11
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Amiin MK, Lahay AF, Putriani RB, Reza M, Putri SME, Sumon MAA, Jamal MT, Santanumurti MB. The role of probiotics in vannamei shrimp aquaculture performance – A review. Vet World 2023; 16:638-649. [PMID: 37041844 PMCID: PMC10082739 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.638-649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is an important food commodity of economic benefit due to its high price, low susceptibility to disease, and popularity for consumption. These advantages have led many farmers to cultivate vannamei shrimp. Efforts are underway to improve the aquaculture performance of this species, including the use of probiotics, which are non-pathogenic bacteria that aid in digestion and help fight disease. Probiotics are usually obtained from the intestines of vannamei shrimp or the culture environment. They are low-cost, non-pathogenic, and largely non-toxic source of antibiotics and are able to synthesize various metabolites that have antibacterial functions and applications. Research on probiotic use has primarily been focused on increasing vannamei shrimp aquaculture production. Bacterial species, such as Lactobacillus or Nitrobacter, can be administered orally, by injection, or as a supplement in aquaculture water. Probiotics help to improve survival rate, water quality, immunity, and disease resistance through space competition with disease-causing bacteria, such as Vibrio spp. An increased number of probiotic bacteria suppresses the growth and presence of pathogenic bacteria, which lowers disease susceptibility. In addition, probiotic bacteria also aid digestion by breaking down complex compounds into simpler substances that the body can absorb more easily. This mechanism improves growth performance in terms of weight, length, and feed conversion ratio. This review aimed to provide information regarding contribution of probiotic to improve vannamei shrimp production in aquaculture.
Keywords: application, bacteria, farm, microbiome, shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kholiqul Amiin
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Almira Fardani Lahay
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Rizha Bery Putriani
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Reza
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Septi Malidda Eka Putri
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Md. Afsar Ahmed Sumon
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdoh T. Jamal
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Browijoyo Santanumurti
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Corresponding author: Muhammad Browijoyo Santanumurti, e-mail: Co-authors: MKA: , AFL: , RBP: , MR: , SMEP: , MAAS: , MTJ:
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Gołaś I, Potorski JA. The Influence of Commercial Feed Supplemented with Carnobacterium maltaromaticum Environmental Probiotic Bacteria on the Rearing Parameters and Microbial Safety of Juvenile Rainbow Trout. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233321. [PMID: 36496842 PMCID: PMC9741101 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of commercial feed (CF) supplemented with 0.1% of the Carnobacterium maltaromaticum environmental probiotic strain on the rearing parameters, apparent nutrient digestibility, and microbial safety of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The fish were fed CF (control group, CG) and experimental feed (EF) supplemented with 0.1% of C. maltaromaticum (experimental group, EG) for 56 days. The final body weight and total body length of the fish were measured. The growth rate, condition factor, feed conversion ratio, viscerosomatic and hepatosomatic indices, and apparent digestibility coefficients of protein (PAD), lipids (LAD), ash (AAD), and nitrogen-free extract (NFEAD) were calculated. The total viable counts of C. maltaromaticum bacteria, mesophilic bacteria, hemolytic mesophilic bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphylococcus sp., and sulfite-reducing anaerobic spore-forming Clostridium sp. were determined in digestive tract contents and the skin of fish. Feed supplementation with C. maltaromaticum significantly affected most rearing parameters, as well as the PAD, LAD, AAD and NFE values, and bacterial counts. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significant positive correlations (p < 0.05) between fish growth rates, PAD and LAD values vs. C. maltaromaticum counts in the EF and in the digestive tract contents of the fish.
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Zhang Y, Wang C, Su W, Jiang Z, He H, Gong T, Kai L, Xu H, Wang Y, Lu Z. Co-fermented yellow wine lees by Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium regulates growth performance and gut microbiota in finishing pigs. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1003498. [PMID: 36338073 PMCID: PMC9633856 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1003498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermented yellow wine lees (FYWL) are widely used to increase feed utilization and improve pig performance. Based on the preparation of co-FYWL using Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of co-FYWL on growth performance, gut microbiota, meat quality, and immune status of finishing pigs. 75 pigs were randomized to 3 treatments (5 replicates/treatment), basal diet (Control), a basal diet supplemented with 4%FYWL, and a basal diet supplemented with 8%FYWL, for 50 days each. Results showed that the 8% FYWL group significantly reduced the F/G and increased the average daily weight gain of pigs compared to the control group. In addition, 8% FYWL improved the richness of Lactobacillus and B. subtilis in the gut, which correlated with growth performance, serum immune parameters, and meat quality. Furthermore, acetate and butyrate in the feces were improved in the FYWL group. Simultaneously, FYWL improved the volatile flavor substances of meat, increased the content of flavor amino acids, and played a positive role in the palatability of meat. In addition, FYWL increased serum IgA, IgM, IL-4 and IL-10 levels. Overall, the growth performance, the gut microbiota associated with fiber degradation, meat quality, and immune status were improved in the 8% FYWL group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weifa Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zipeng Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huan He
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Gong
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lixia Kai
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huangen Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zeqing Lu
- National Engineering Research Center for Green Feed and Healthy Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Sathitkowitchai W, Sathapondecha P, Angthong P, Srimarut Y, Malila Y, Nakkongkam W, Chaiyapechara S, Karoonuthaisiri N, Keawsompong S, Rungrassamee W. Isolation and Characterization of Mannanase-Producing Bacteria for Potential Synbiotic Application in Shrimp Farming. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192583. [PMID: 36230324 PMCID: PMC9558954 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics such as mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) are a promising approach to improve performance and disease resistance in shrimp. To improve prebiotic utilization, we investigated the potential probiotics and their feasibility of synbiotic use in vitro. Two bacterial isolates, Man26 and Man122, were isolated from shrimp intestines and screened for mannanase, the enzyme for mannan digestion. The crude mannanase from both isolates showed optimal activities at pH 8 with optimum temperatures at 60 °C and 50 °C, respectively. The enzymes remained stable at pH 8−10 for 3 h (>70% relative activity). The thermostability range of Man26 was 20−40 °C for 20 min (>50%), while that of Man122 was 20−60 °C for 30 min (>50%). The Vmax of Man122 against locust bean gum substrate was 41.15 ± 12.33 U·mg−1, six times higher than that of Man26. The Km of Man26 and Man122 were 18.92 ± 4.36 mg·mL−1 and 34.53 ± 14.46 mg·mL−1, respectively. With the addition of crude enzymes, reducing sugars of copra meal, palm kernel cake, and soybean meal were significantly increased (p < 0.05), as well as protein release. The results suggest that Man26 and Man122 could potentially be used in animal feeds and synbiotically with copra meal to improve absorption and utilization of feedstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witida Sathitkowitchai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Ponsit Sathapondecha
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Research, Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Pacharaporn Angthong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Yanee Srimarut
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Yuwares Malila
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- International Joint Research Center on Food Security, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wuttichai Nakkongkam
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sage Chaiyapechara
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Nitsara Karoonuthaisiri
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- International Joint Research Center on Food Security, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, Biological Sciences Building, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Suttipun Keawsompong
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Wanilada Rungrassamee
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- International Joint Research Center on Food Security, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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15
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Shinde AH, Sharma A, Doshi S, Kumar MA, Haldar S. Isolation and screening of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from coast of Bhavnagar, India, and formulation of consortium for bioremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:54136-54149. [PMID: 35294687 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reduced sulfur compounds are a nuisance in coastal industries causing heavy economical as well as ecological loss. One such compound, hydrogen sulfide, is proven toxic to aquatic animals as it interferes with their respiration and metabolism as well as overall development, thereby causing direct increase in mortality. Typically, 96-h LC50 values to freshwater and marine fishes are 0-25µM and 525-700µM, respectively. Management of sulfide and other reduced sulfur compounds from aquaculture water and sediment using bioremediating sulfur-oxidizing bacteria as probiotics has attracted attention in recent decades due to its efficiency and minimized environmental effects. In the present study, 201 native and indigenous probiotic candidates were isolated, from various coastal environments. The prospective candidates were screened based on pH reduction and 19 sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were selected and tested for salt tolerance. Further screening was done based on biosafety, ability to produce sulfate by oxidizing thiosulfate, and 16S rRNA-based identification to obtain nine probiotic candidates. Three strains (Enterobacter ludwigii HS1-SOB, Pseudomonas stutzeri B6-SOB, and Cytobacillus firmus C8-SOB) exerting highest sulfate-ion production were selected for formulating a probiotic consortium using mixture design matrix. The optimal composition was determined to be equal ratios of the three isolates that yielded 0.083 mM of sulfate from thiosulfate broth medium at room temperature in 7 days. This is a standalone report of sulfur-oxidizing probiotic consortium composed of the said bacteria. The consortium may be used as a strong tool for remediation of reduced sulfur in aquaculture and associated coastal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika H Shinde
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ashwini Sharma
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
| | - Saksham Doshi
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
| | - Madhava Anil Kumar
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Soumya Haldar
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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16
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Competitive Exclusion Bacterial Culture Derived from the Gut Microbiome of Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) as a Resource to Efficiently Recover Probiotic Strains: Taxonomic, Genomic, and Functional Proof of Concept. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071376. [PMID: 35889095 PMCID: PMC9321352 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to mine a previously developed continuous-flow competitive exclusion culture (CFCEC) originating from the Tilapia gut microbiome as a rational and efficient autochthonous probiotic strain recovery source. Three isolated strains were tested on their adaptability to host gastrointestinal conditions, their antibacterial activities against aquaculture bacterial pathogens, and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Their genomes were fully sequenced, assembled, annotated, and relevant functions inferred, such as those related to pinpointed probiotic activities and phylogenomic comparative analyses to the closer reported strains/species relatives. The strains are possible candidates of novel genus/species taxa inside Lactococcus spp. and Priestia spp. (previously known as Bacillus spp.) These results were consistent with reports on strains inside these phyla exhibiting probiotic features, and the strains we found are expanding their known diversity. Furthermore, their pangenomes showed that these bacteria have indeed a set of so far uncharacterized genes that may play a role in the antagonism to competing strains or specific symbiotic adaptations to the fish host. In conclusion, CFCEC proved to effectively allow the enrichment and further pure culture isolation of strains with probiotic potential.
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17
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Effects of Bacillus licheniformis on Growth Performance, Diarrhea Incidence, Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Function, and Fecal Microflora in Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131609. [PMID: 35804509 PMCID: PMC9264952 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bacillus licheniformis has been shown to be safe as a green additive in food and feed. This experiment was conducted to investigate the value of Bacillus licheniformis in the diet of piglets. Our results suggested that dietary Bacillus licheniformis supplementation plays an important role in improving the average daily gain, alleviating diarrhea, improving antioxidant capacity, promoting immune function, and regulating the intestinal microflora of weaned piglets. Abstract Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) is a safe probiotic that can promote animal growth and inhibit pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to assess the effects of B. licheniformis, one green feed additive, on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, immune function, fecal volatile fatty acids, and microflora structure in weaned piglets. Weaned piglets (n = 180) were randomly divided into three treatment groups and fed a basal diet and a basal diet supplemented with 500 mg B. licheniformis per kg and 1000 mg B. licheniformis per kg, respectively. The dietary 500 mg/kg B. licheniformis inclusion improved the average daily gain, reduced diarrhea incidence, and strengthened antioxidant capacity. Piglets supplemented with B. licheniformis presented increased serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM) compared to the CON group. Meanwhile, the expression of anti-inflammation factors was increased, and the levels of pro-inflammation factors were reduced after B. licheniformis administration. Moreover, the levels of volatile fatty acids, including acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, and isovaleric acid, in the BL500 and BL1000 groups were increased compared with the CON group, and the concentration of valeric acid was higher in the BL500 group. Furthermore, piglets in the 500 mg/kg B. licheniformis addition group significantly altered fecal microbiota by increasing Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Oscillospira. In conclusion, dietary B. licheniformis relieved diarrhea, enhanced antioxidant capacity, immunity function, and fecal microflora structure in weaned pigs.
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18
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Growth performance, fatty acid profile, gut, and muscle histo-morphology of Malaysian mahseer, Tor tambroides post larvae fed short-term host associated probiotics. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Dietary administration of Bacillus subtilis KC1 improves growth performance, immune response, heat stress tolerance, and disease resistance of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101693. [PMID: 35066384 PMCID: PMC8789536 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the probiotic properties of Bacillus subtilis KC1 as a feed additive in the poultry feed. Effects of the Bacillus subtilis supplementation on growth performance, heat-stress tolerance, resistance to Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Salmonella Pullorum challenge of broilers were determined. The protective effects of the Bacillus subtilis on liver function and immune response of broilers challenged with Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) were also scrutinized. The results showed that the Bacillus subtilis supplementation could improve growth performance, increased body weight, relative weight of the immune organ and dressing percentage, and decrease feed conversion ratio. In addition, the Bacillus subtilis supplementation alleviated adverse effects caused by heat stress, MG, and Salmonella Pullorum challenge. Furthermore, the Bacillus subtilis supplementation resulted in improved liver function and enhanced immune response of broilers challenged with AFB1. In conclusion, these results suggested a tremendous potential of Bacillus subtilis KC1 as a feed additive in the poultry feed.
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20
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Li L, lv X, Han X, Sun C, An K, Gao W, Xia Z. Effect of Dietary Bacillus licheniformis Supplementation on Growth Performance and Microbiota Diversity of Pekin Ducks. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:832141. [PMID: 35265695 PMCID: PMC8899091 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.832141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) on growth performance and microbiota diversity of Pekin ducks. Three hundred 1-day-old healthy Pekin ducks were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 10 ducks per replicate. The five treatments supplemented with basal diets containing: either 0 (group CON), 200 (group LLB), 400 (group MLB), and 800 (group HLB) mg/kg B. licheniformis or 150 mg/kg aureomycin (group ANT) for 42 days, respectively, and were sacrificed and sampled in the morning of the 42nd day for detection of relevant indexes. The results showed as follows: The feed conversion ratio of the LLB group and MLB groups were lower than the CON group (P < 0.05). The body weight and average daily feed intake of the MLB group were significantly higher than that of the CON group and ANT group (P < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the MLB group significantly increased the content of IgA (P < 0.05) and proinflammatory IL-6 were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), besides, the activity of SOD and T-AOC were also significantly increased in the MLB group (P < 0.05). The 16S rRNA analysis showed that B. licheniformis treatments had no effect (P > 0.05) on the alpha diversities of the intestine. The addition of B. licheniformis had a dynamic effect on the abundance of cecal microflora of Pekin ducks, and 1-21 d increased the diversity of microflora, while 21d-42 d decreased it. Compared with the CON group, the relative abundance of Epsilonbacteraeota in the MLB group was significantly increased on Day 21 (P < 0.05), and that of Tenericutes in the LLB group was significantly increased as well (P < 0.05). At 42 d, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in LLB, MBL, HBL, and ANT groups was significantly increased (P < 0.05). In addition, the addition of B. licheniformis increased the amount of SCAF-producing bacteria in the intestinal microbiota, such as Lachnospiraceae, Collinsella, Christensenellaceae, and Bilophila. The PICRUSt method was used to predict the intestinal microbiota function, and it was found that lipid transport and metabolism of intestinal microbiota in the MLB group were significantly affected. Overall, these results suggest diet supplemented with B. licheniformis improved growth performance, immune status, antioxidant capacity, and modulated intestinal microbiota in Pekin ducks. The optimal dietary supplement dose is 400 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueze lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglei Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Keying An
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofei Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaofei Xia
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Mondal H, Chandrasekaran N, Mukherjee A, Thomas J. Viral infections in cultured fish and shrimps: current status and treatment methods. AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL 2022; 30:227-262. [DOI: 10.1007/s10499-021-00795-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
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22
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Shrimp production, the most important diseases that threaten it, and the role of probiotics in confronting these diseases: A review. Res Vet Sci 2022; 144:126-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Zabidi A, Yusoff FM, Amin N, Yaminudin NJM, Puvanasundram P, Karim MMA. Effects of Probiotics on Growth, Survival, Water Quality and Disease Resistance of Red Hybrid Tilapia ( Oreochromis spp.) Fingerlings in a Biofloc System. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123514. [PMID: 34944289 PMCID: PMC8697905 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Streptococcosis, a warm-water pathogenic bacteria, has greatly affected red hybrid tilapia production in Malaysia over the years, causing mass mortality in various culture systems. Probiotics have been used to treat and prevent bacterial diseases, including streptococcosis, yet they require constant application to ensure that their concentration is adequate. Incorporating probiotics in a biofloc system may reduce this issue as the effective microorganism may further flourish and be utilized by the fish. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of probiotic addition on the growth performance and water quality of red hybrid tilapia. From the study, it was observed that a probiotic mix was able to inhibit Streptococcus spp., improve red hybrid tilapia performance and disease resistance against streptococcosis. Providing a beneficial mix of probiotics can effectively improve biofloc culture in red hybrid tilapia culture. Abstract Biofloc technology has shown positive effects in aquaculture, especially on the growth performance of cultured animals. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of adding different probiotic strains in a biofloc system on the growth performance and disease resistance of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). Three different probiotics (Lysinibacillus fusiformis SPS11, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens L9, and Enterococcus hirae LAB3), commercial probiotics (MG1) and a mixed probiotics (MP) combining all three strains were used in this study. The in vitro assay results showed that the mixed probiotic (MP) was able to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus iniae significantly compared to the single and commercial probiotic. The efficacy of MP was further tested in in vivo tilapia culture challenged with S. agalactiae. The best specific growth rate (3.73 ± 0.23% day−1) and feed conversion ratio (0.76 ± 0.04) were recorded in the group of biofloc with addition of MP. After being challenged with S. agalactiae, the group of biofloc with MP had significantly higher survival (83 ± 1.43%) compared to the other groups. Furthermore, the nitrogen concentration (NO2-N and NH4-N) was significantly lower in all the biofloc groups compared to the control. Hence, the addition of probiotics was able to provide beneficial effects to red hybrid tilapia culture in the biofloc system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimi Zabidi
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.Z.); (F.M.Y.); (N.A.); (N.J.M.Y.)
| | - Fatimah Md Yusoff
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.Z.); (F.M.Y.); (N.A.); (N.J.M.Y.)
- Laboratory of Sustainable Aquaculture, International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson 71050, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Amin
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.Z.); (F.M.Y.); (N.A.); (N.J.M.Y.)
- Laboratory of Sustainable Aquaculture, International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson 71050, Malaysia
| | - Nur Jasmin Mohd Yaminudin
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.Z.); (F.M.Y.); (N.A.); (N.J.M.Y.)
| | - Puvaneswari Puvanasundram
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics, Institute of Biosciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Murni Marlina Abd Karim
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.Z.); (F.M.Y.); (N.A.); (N.J.M.Y.)
- Laboratory of Sustainable Aquaculture, International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson 71050, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-123-026-397
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Wang Z, Zhang C, Lu K, Song K, Li X, Wang L, Rahimnejad S. Effects of Supplementing Intestinal Autochthonous Bacteria in Plant-Based Diets on Growth, Nutrient Digestibility, and Gut Health of Bullfrogs ( Lithobates catesbeianus). Front Microbiol 2021; 12:739572. [PMID: 34675904 PMCID: PMC8524044 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.739572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor utilization efficiency of plant protein diets always leads to intestinal barrier dysfunction and growth inhibition in animals. Probiotics have shown promise in improving growth performance and gut health of the host. However, obtaining the host-beneficial probiotic from thousands of bacterial phylotypes is challenging. Here, four intestinal autochthonous bacteria were isolated from fast-growing bullfrog after a 60-day feeding on a soybean meal (SM)-based diet. Another feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing these strains in an SM-based diet on growth, nutrient digestibility, immunity, and gut health of bullfrog. A high-SM basal diet was used as a non-supplemented control group (NC), and four other diets were prepared by supplementing the basal diet with 1 × 107 CFU/g of Bacillus siamensis, Bacillus tequilensis (BT), Bacillus velezensis, and Lactococcus lactis (LL). Results showed that weight gain, feed efficiency, nitrogen retention, and apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter and protein were significantly higher in the LL group compared with the NC group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, compared with the NC group, both BT and LL groups showed markedly higher jejunal protease and amylase activities, serum complement 4 and immunoglobulin M levels, jejunal muscularis thickness (p < 0.05), and up-regulated expression of il-10 and zo-1 genes (p < 0.05). High-throughput sequencing revealed higher abundances of Bacillus and Cetobacterium in BT and LL groups, respectively, accompanied with decreased abundances of Enterobacter and Escherichia-Shigella. Besides, KEGG pathways related to metabolisms were significantly enhanced by the LL diet relative to the NC diet (p < 0.05). Overall, the beneficial effects of two frog-derived probiotics were determined: supplementation of L. lactis in SM-based diet promoted growth and nutrient digestibility; both B. tequilensis and L. lactis supplementation improved immune response and intestinal barrier function of bullfrogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kangle Lu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kai Song
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xueshan Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Samad Rahimnejad
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czechia
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Le Linh H, Thu NPA, Dung TTX, Van Hau N, Nghia NH, Thao DTP. Yeast cell surface displaying VP28 antigen and its potential application for shrimp farming. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6345-6354. [PMID: 34410438 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
VP28 is an envelope protein of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), which has been shown in previous studies to induce a high immune response in shrimp. VP28 has been produced in some host systems such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Pichia pastoris as free protein. Here we showed a new strategy of anchoring VP28 on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast surface and using the yeast cell extract combined with probiotic as an oral vaccine for shrimp farming. We have successfully constructed a recombinant yeast cell capable of expressing VP28 on the cell surface. The feeding diet combined with VP28 anchored yeast cell extract provided significant assurance to Litopenaeus vannamei, challenged by WSSV, resulting in a relative percent survival (RPS) of 87.10 ± 2.15%. Interestingly, the utilization of VP28 anchored yeast cell extract could enhance the efficiency of probiotic strains like Lactobacillus and Bacillus on shrimp farming. The results in both laboratory scales and field trials using extract of VP28 displaying Saccharomyces showed a growth-promoting effect in shrimp, assessed through average shrimp weight. Taken together, our results in this study demonstrated a new successful strategy of using yeast cell surface as a tool to produce VP28-based oral vaccine for shrimp aquaculture. KEY POINTS: • A new strategy of using VP28 antigen as anchored protein on S. cerevisiae yeast cell surface (S. cerevisiae::VP28) • The utilization of VP28 antigen and yeast as S. cerevisiae::VP28 extract enhanced potential protection of Litopenaeus vannamei against White Spot Syndrome Virus (RPS 87.10%) • The use of S. cerevisiae::VP28 extract increased efficiency of probiotic on shrimp growth-promoting effect either lab-scale or field trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Le Linh
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Pham Anh Thu
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Xuan Dung
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Hau
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hieu Nghia
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dang Thi Phuong Thao
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Xu Y, Yu Y, Shen Y, Li Q, Lan J, Wu Y, Zhang R, Cao G, Yang C. Effects of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis on growth performance, immunity, short chain fatty acid production, antioxidant capacity, and cecal microflora in broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101358. [PMID: 34358955 PMCID: PMC8350532 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) or Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and the cecal microflora in broiler chickens. In total, 360 male, 1-day-old Cobb 500 birds were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group was fed a basal diet; the B. subtilis group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 1.5 × 109 CFU/kg B. subtilis; the B. licheniformis group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 1.5 × 109 CFU/kg B. licheniformis. Results showed that chickens supplemented with either B. subtilis or B. licheniformis had comparatively higher (P < 0.05) body weight and average daily gain, whereas no difference (P > 0.05) was observed in feed efficiency. Concentrations of serum IgA, IgY, and IgM, as well as anti-inflammatory IL-10 were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and proinflammatory IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by B. subtilis or B. licheniformis supplementation. Moreover, chickens fed with diets supplemented by either B. subtilis or B. licheniformis had greater antioxidant capacity, indicated by the notable increases (P < 0.05) in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, along with decrease (P < 0.05) in malondialdehyde. Compared to the control group, levels of SCFA, excluding acetic and propionic acid, in cecal content had improved (P < 0.05) by adding B. licheniformis, and significant increase (P < 0.05) in acetic and butyric acid was observed with B. subtilis supplementation. Microbial analysis showed that both B. subtilis or B. licheniformis supplementation could increase butyrate-producing bacteria such as Alistipes and Butyricicoccus, and decrease pathogenic bacteria such as the Synergistetes and Gammaproteobacteria. In summary, dietary supplemented with B. subtilis or B. licheniformis improved growth performance, immune status, and antioxidant capacity, increased SCFA production, and modulated cecal microbiota in chickens. Moreover, B. licheniformis was more effective than B. subtilis with the same supplemental amount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Junhong Lan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ruiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Guantian Cao
- College of Standardisation, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Selim MSM, Abdelhamid SA, Mohamed SS. Secondary metabolites and biodiversity of actinomycetes. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:72. [PMID: 33982192 PMCID: PMC8116480 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to produce microbial bioactive compounds makes actinobacteria one of the most explored microbes among prokaryotes. The secondary metabolites of actinobacteria are known for their role in various physiological, cellular, and biological processes. MAIN BODY Actinomycetes are widely distributed in natural ecosystem habitats such as soil, rhizosphere soil, actinmycorrhizal plants, hypersaline soil, limestone, freshwater, marine, sponges, volcanic cave-hot spot, desert, air, insects gut, earthworm castings, goat feces, and endophytic actinomycetes. The most important features of microbial bioactive compounds are that they have specific microbial producers: their diverse bioactivities and their unique chemical structures. Actinomycetes represent a source of biologically active secondary metabolites like antibiotics, biopesticide agents, plant growth hormones, antitumor compounds, antiviral agents, pharmacological compounds, pigments, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, anti-inflammatory compounds, single-cell protein feed, and biosurfactant. SHORT CONCLUSIONS Further highlight that compounds derived from actinobacteria can be applied in a wide range of industrial applications in biomedicines and the ecological habitat is under-explored and yet to be investigated for unknown, rare actinomycetes diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Selim Mohamed Selim
- Microbial Biotechnology Department—Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Sahar Saleh Mohamed
- Microbial Biotechnology Department—Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Ping T, Zeshun X, Penghui M, Yongchao Z. Laboratory investigation on Bacillus subtilis addition to alleviate bio-clogging for constructed wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110642. [PMID: 33352184 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bio-clogging is a major problem in the operation of constructed wetlands (CWs) and is caused by accumulation of biofilm and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the substrate. B. subtilis can successfully produce α-amylase and endoglucanase, which can degrade polysaccharides and, consequently, disperse the EPS. Therefore, the addition of B. subtilis was used to decrease the bio-clogging of lab-scale vertical-flow constructed wetlands (VFCW) in this study, and the feasibility and performance of VFCWs were assessed. The results indicate that the addition of B. subtilis can degrade the polysaccharides in the clogging matter and thereby increase the porosity of the substrate. The hydraulic conductivity of Column 1 (with addition) increased by six times, which was 57 times that of control (Column 2). Meanwhile, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate also increased after the addition of B. subtilis. The microbial communities show that the richness and diversity within the substrate increased after addition. The relative abundance of functional groups of chemoheterotrophy, aerobic chemoheterotrophy, as well as that connected to N cycles also increased, which implied the improvement of the pollution removal efficiency. Meanwhile, the copy number of α-amylase and endoglucanase increased significantly in Column 1 with the addition of B. subtilis, which offers further support for a hydrolase-induced reduction of polysaccharides and the efficiency of B. subtilis on bio-clogging alleviation. The results showed that B. subtilis addition is an effective and safe solution to control the bio-clogging for CWs. However, further research about long-term effect assessment and dosing strategy optimization should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Ping
- The College of Material and Environment Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Zeshun
- The College of Material and Environment Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ma Penghui
- The College of Material and Environment Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhou Yongchao
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, The College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Sabu EA, Gonsalves MJ, Sreepada RA, Shivaramu MS, Ramaiah N. Evaluation of the Physiological Bacterial Groups in a Tropical Biosecured, Zero-Exchange System Growing Whiteleg Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 81:335-346. [PMID: 32880700 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01575-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the individual and multiple roles of physiological bacterial groups involved in biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur, the changes in the abundance of aerobic bacteria (heterotrophs, methane oxidizers, ammonia oxidizers, sulfur oxidizers, phosphate solubilizers, phosphate accumulators) and anaerobic bacteria (total anaerobes, nitrate reducers, denitrifiers and sulfate reducers) were investigated in a biosecured, zero-exchange system stocked with whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei for one production cycle. Key water quality parameters during the 96-day production cycle fell within the normal range for L. vannamei culture. Results of Spearman's correlation matrix revealed that different sets of variables correlated at varying levels of significance of the interrelationships between bacterial abundances and water quality parameters. The three nitrogenous species (ammonia, nitrite and nitrate) strongly influenced the physiological bacterial groups' abundance. The strong relationship of bacterial groups with phytoplankton biomass and abundance clearly showed the trophic interconnections in nutrient exchange/recycling. Canonical correspondence analysis performed to assess the total variation revealed that the three dissolved nitrogen species followed by salinity, temperature, phytoplankton biomass and pH collectively accounted for as much as 82% of the total variation. In conclusion, the results of the study revealed that the major drivers that interweaved biogeochemical cycles are the three dissolved nitrogen species, which microbially mediated various aerobic-anaerobic assimilation/dissimilation processes in the pond ecosystem. Considering the pond microbial ecology becoming an important management tool where applied research could improve the economic and environmental sustainability of the aquaculture industry, the findings of the present study are practically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine A Sabu
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India
- School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403 206, India
| | - Maria Judith Gonsalves
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India.
| | - R A Sreepada
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India
| | - Mamatha S Shivaramu
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India
- Department of Food Protectants & Infestation Control, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 020, India
| | - N Ramaiah
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India
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Narayanan SV, Joseph TC, Peeralil S, Koombankallil R, Vaiyapuri M, Mothadaka MP, Lalitha KV. Tropical shrimp aquaculture farms harbour pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus with high genetic diversity and Carbapenam resistance. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111551. [PMID: 32810670 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In characterization of food borne pathogens from the environment, assessment of virulence, genetic diversity and AMR are essential preludes to formulate preventive strategies and to combat the spread. This study aimed to identify and characterize pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the coastal aquaculture farms of Kerala, India. Twenty-seven β-haemolytic V. parahaemolyticus were isolated from 7 out of 40 farms studied. Among the 27 isolates, 15 possessed the tdh gene and 4 had trh. ERIC PCR and PFGE illustrated the presence of pathogenic isolates that shared genetic similarity with clinical strains. One pathogenic isolate was identified to be multidrug resistant (MDR) and 59% exhibited a MAR index of 0.2 or above. Seventy four percent of the pathogenic isolates were ESBL producers and 3.7% of them were carbapenemase producers phenotypically. This asks for adoption of control measures during farming to prevent the transmission of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus to the environment and food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejith V Narayanan
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Cochin 682029, Kerala, India; Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kalamassery, Cochin 682022, Kerala, India.
| | - Toms C Joseph
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Cochin 682029, Kerala, India
| | - Shaheer Peeralil
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Cochin 682029, Kerala, India
| | - Reshmi Koombankallil
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Cochin 682029, Kerala, India
| | - Murugadas Vaiyapuri
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Cochin 682029, Kerala, India
| | - Mukteswar P Mothadaka
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Cochin 682029, Kerala, India
| | - Kuttanapilly V Lalitha
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Cochin 682029, Kerala, India
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Park SY, Han JE, Kwon H, Park SC, Kim JH. Recent Insights into Aeromonas salmonicida and Its Bacteriophages in Aquaculture: A Comprehensive Review. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1443-1457. [PMID: 32807762 PMCID: PMC9728264 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2005.05040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria of fish and shellfish have caused serious concerns in the aquaculture industry, owing to the potential health risks to humans and animals. Among these bacteria, Aeromonas salmonicida, which is one of the most important primary pathogens in salmonids, is responsible for significant economic losses in the global aquaculture industry, especially in salmonid farming because of its severe infectivity and acquisition of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, interest in the use of alternative approaches to prevent and control A. salmonicida infections has increased in recent years, and several applications of bacteriophages (phages) have provided promising results. For several decades, A. salmonicida and phages infecting this fish pathogen have been thoroughly investigated in various research areas including aquaculture. The general overview of phage usage to control bacterial diseases in aquaculture, including the general advantages of this strategy, has been clearly described in previous reviews. Therefore, this review specifically focuses on providing insights into the phages infecting A. salmonicida, from basic research to biotechnological application in aquaculture, as well as recent advances in the study of A. salmonicida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Young Park
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Eun Han
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Kwon
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea,S.C.Park Phone: +82-2-880-1282 Fax: +82-2-880-1213 E-mail:
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors J.H.Kim Phone: +82-42-879-8272 Fax: +82-42-879-8498 E-mail:
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Su C, Fan D, Pan L, Lu Y, Wang Y, Zhang M. Effects of Yu-Ping-Feng polysaccharides (YPS) on the immune response, intestinal microbiota, disease resistance and growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:104-116. [PMID: 32629103 PMCID: PMC7333637 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A 28-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of Yu-Ping-Feng polysaccharides (YPS) containing Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharides (AMP) and Saposhnikoviae polysaccharides (SPS) on the immune response, intestinal microbiota, disease resistance and growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei. Seven hundred and twenty shrimp (3.04 ± 0.33 g) were fed the following diets: Control, YPS1 (0.13% APS + 0.0325% AMP + 0.0325% SPS), YPS2 (0.13% APS + 0.0325% AMP + 0.065% SPS) and YPS3 (0.13% APS + 0.0325% AMP+0.0975% SPS). After 14 and 28 days of feeding, the immune responses of hemocytes and intestine were measured. Intestinal microbiota and growth performance were measured after 28 days of feeding, after that, a 7-day challenge test against Vibrio harveyi was conducted. A significant (P < 0.05) increase of the total haemocyte count (THC), phagocytic activity, antibacterial activity and phenoloxidase (PO) activity was observed in shrimp fed YPS diets compared to the control. Also, dietary YPS supplementation particularly YPS3 group significantly increased the expressions of immune-related genes in the hemocytes and intestine. Regarding the intestinal microbiota, the microbial diversity and richness decreased and functional genes associated with short-chain fatty acids metabolism increased in YPS groups. After Vibrio harveyi challenge, the cumulative mortality in YPS groups was significantly lower than that of the control. Besides, dietary YPS had no significant effect on growth performance of shrimp (P > 0.05). The present results suggested that YPS could be considered as potential prebiotics for aquaculture farmed shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Su
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Depeng Fan
- Bio-Form Biotechnology (Guangdong) Co., LTD, Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China.
| | - Yusong Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
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Guo M, Li M, Zhang C, Zhang X, Wu Y. Dietary Administration of the Bacillus subtilis Enhances Immune Responses and Disease Resistance in Chickens. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1768. [PMID: 32849392 PMCID: PMC7396511 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) has a variety of proposed beneficial effects for chickens, including growth promotion and disease prevention. In this study, chickens were fed a diet containing B. subtilis for 21 days and growth performance, intestinal morphology, intestinal microbiota, immune responses, and disease resistance were investigated. After 21 days of feeding, chickens fed a diet containing B. subtilis had higher body weights. The concentrations of serum immunoglobulins IgA and IgM were significantly increased by B. subtilis in the diet. Moreover, chickens fed with B. subtilis had greater villus height (VH), shallower crypt depth (CD), and a higher VH/CD ratio in the jejunum than chickens fed a standard control diet. Diet with B. subtilis can balance intestinal microbiota, facilitate an increase in beneficial bacteria, and inhibit the pathogenic bacteria after 21 days of feeding. After an Escherichia coli (E. coli) challenge, the survival rate of chickens fed with B. subtilis was 66.67%, which was significantly higher than the controls. The E. coli contents in spleens and lungs from chickens fed a diet with B. subtilis were lower than those in controls. In addition, B. subtilis can trigger the toll-like receptor 4 and cause induction of proinflammatory cytokine (Il1β, Il6, and Il8) production to develop innate immune responses in chickens. In conclusion, diets containing B. subtilis can improve growth performance, serum immunoglobulin levels, the intestinal villus-crypt system, intestinal homeostasis, immune responses, and disease resistance against E. coli in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Guo
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mingtao Li
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yantao Wu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety (JIRLAAPS), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Fernandes S, Kerkar S, Leitao J, Mishra A. Probiotic Role of Salt Pan Bacteria in Enhancing the Growth of Whiteleg Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 11:1309-1323. [PMID: 30603878 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Development of probiotics to improve the growth of cultured species is a key to sustainable aquaculture. The present study investigates the potential of salt pan bacteria as probiotics for Litopenaeus vannamei. Halotolerant bacteria (100) were screened for enzyme production and mucus adhesion in vitro. The bacteria (SK07, SK27, ABSK55, FSK444, TSK17, TSK71) exhibiting promising enzyme activity and adhesive property in vitro were selected to study their effect on the growth and metabolism of L. vannamei in vivo. When administered to shrimps individually as a water additive in experiment I, SK07, SK27 and TSK71 significantly (p < 0.05) increased shrimp weight as compared to the control. In experiment II, a lyophilized bacterial consortium (test) prepared with the four best isolates (SK07, SK27, ABSK55, TSK71), exhibited significantly higher weight gain of shrimps, better feed efficiency and final yield as compared to control. Total enzyme activity (amylase, protease, lipase) in the shrimp gut was significantly higher in the test than the control. The four isolates showed 99% nBLAST similarity with Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis and Pseudomonas sp. Presence of these bacteria in the shrimp gut was confirmed by using specific PCR-based molecular probes and 16S rDNA sequencing. Safety evaluation by antibiotic susceptibility test and hemolytic activity test indicated that the bacteria are safe as bioinoculants. The increased enzyme activity by colonisation of the isolates in the shrimp gut, along with improved growth and feed utilisation efficiency, strongly confirms that these salt pan bacteria are prospective probiotics in shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Fernandes
- Department of Biotechnology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403206, India
| | - Savita Kerkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403206, India.
| | - Joella Leitao
- Department of Biotechnology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403206, India
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403206, India
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Kuebutornye FKA, Abarike ED, Lu Y, Hlordzi V, Sakyi ME, Afriyie G, Wang Z, Li Y, Xie CX. Mechanisms and the role of probiotic Bacillus in mitigating fish pathogens in aquaculture. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:819-841. [PMID: 31953625 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diseases are natural components of the environment, and many have economic implications for aquaculture and fisheries. Aquaculture is a fast-growing industry with the aim to meet the high protein demand of the ever-increasing global population; however, the emergence of diseases is a major setback to the industry. Probiotics emerged as a better solution to curb the disease problem in aquaculture among many alternatives. Probiotic Bacillus has been proven to better combat a wide range of fish pathogens relative to other probiotics in aquaculture; therefore, understanding the various mechanisms used by Bacillus in combating diseases will help improve their mode of action hence yielding better results in their combat against pathogens in the aquaculture industry. Thus, an overview of the mechanisms (production of bacteriocins, suppression of virulence gene expression, competition for adhesion sites, production of lytic enzymes, production of antibiotics, immunostimulation, competition for nutrients and energy, and production of organic acids) used by Bacillus probiotics in mitigating fish pathogens ranging from Aeromonas, Vibrio, Streptococcus, Yersinia, Pseudomonas, Clostridium, Acinetobacter, Edwardsiella, Flavobacterium, white spot syndrome virus, and infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus proven to be mitigated by Bacillus have been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix K A Kuebutornye
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Huguang Yan East, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Emmanuel Delwin Abarike
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Yishan Lu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Huguang Yan East, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong Province, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Vivian Hlordzi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Michael Essien Sakyi
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Huguang Yan East, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Gyamfua Afriyie
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Huguang Yan East, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Huguang Yan East, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Cai Xia Xie
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Huguang Yan East, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
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Effects of dietary non-viable Bacillus sp. SJ-10, Lactobacillus plantarum, and their combination on growth, humoral and cellular immunity, and streptococcosis resistance in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Res Vet Sci 2020; 131:177-185. [PMID: 32388020 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Heat-killed (HK) Bacillus sp. SJ-10 (B), HK Lactobacillus plantarum (P), and their combination were dietary supplemented to olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) to quantify the effects on growth, innate immunity, and disease resistance. Four test diets were supplied: a control feed free of HK probiotics, 1 × 108 CFUs g-1 single treatments of each of HK B (HKB) and HK P (HKP), and an equal proportion of (0.5 HKB + 0.5 HKP) × 108 CFUs g-1 (HKB0.5 HKP0.5). At 8 weeks of completion feeding trail, HKB0.5 HKP0.5 significantly (P < .05) improved growth, feed utilization, and nonspecific immune parameters (respiratory burst and superoxide dismutase) compared to the control group. Similarly, serum lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activities were higher in both HKB and HKB0.5HKP0.5 groups. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the liver and IL-1β in the liver, kidney, and spleen were also improved in the treatments, but microvilli length was only increased in HKB0.5HKP0.5. After Streptococcus iniae 1 × 108 CFUs mL-1 challenged; HKB and HKB0.5HKP0.5 had a higher survival than control and HKP. Overall, dietary administration of synergy HK probiotics elevated growth, cellular and humoral immunity, and streptococcosis resistance in olive flounder.
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Hoque F, Jawahar Abraham T, Nagesh TS, Kamilya D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa FARP 72 Offers Protection Against Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Labeo rohita. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 11:973-980. [PMID: 30112591 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Use of probiotics as the biocontrol agent for disease prevention in aquaculture is gaining importance as an alternative to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and other chemotherapeutics. In view of this trend, the probiotic properties of a potent antagonistic bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa FARP72, was characterized in terms of safety, antagonistic activities, in vitro immunomodulation, and in vivo disease resistance. Immunomodulatory activity was ascertained by measuring the production of intracellular superoxide anion, nitric oxide, total leukocyte peroxidase content, and the leukocyte proliferation in head kidney leukocytes. The bacterium isolated from the skin mucus of freshwater catfish Clarias batrachus was harmless to Labeo rohita. It showed inhibitory activity against Aeromonas caviae, A. hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Pseudomonas putida, and Streptococcus agalactiae as revealed by cross and parallel streaking methods. Significantly higher superoxide anion and nitric oxide production, peroxidase content, and proliferative responses of leucocytes delineated the strains' ability to interact with immune cells to activate the immune system in vitro. Significant growth inhibition of A. hydrophila from 1.55 × 105 CFU/mL was observed when co-cultured with P. aeruginosa FARP72 in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at levels ranging from 2.61 × 107 to 2.61 × 109 CFU/mL in 10 days. P. aeruginosa FARP72 increased the survival rate of rohu fingerlings against pathogenic A. hydrophila challenge in biocontrol study in vivo as determined by cohabitation challenge. These results suggest that P. aeruginosa FARP72 is a potential probiotic strain and can be used in aquaculture to improve the health status and disease resistance of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Hoque
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700094, India. .,Regional Research Centre, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Rahara, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700118, India.
| | - T Jawahar Abraham
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700094, India
| | - T S Nagesh
- Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700094, India
| | - Dibyendu Kamilya
- Department of Aquatic Health and Environment, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Agartala, Tripura (W), 799210, India
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Li J, Wu ZB, Zhang Z, Zha JW, Qu SY, Qi XZ, Wang GX, Ling F. Effects of potential probiotic Bacillus velezensis K2 on growth, immunity and resistance to Vibrio harveyi infection of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × E. fuscoguttatus♀). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:1047-1055. [PMID: 31425831 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is no suitable treatment for vibriosis in groupers. So an eco-efficient and environmentally friendly treatment is necessary for the grouper industry. Probiotic-feeding has been a promising strategy to control the bacterial pathogens in aquaculture. A new Bacillus velezensis strain named K2 was isolated from the intestinal tract of healthy grouper, and exhibited wide antimicrobial spectrum of against fish pathogens, including Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii, Aeromonas caviae, Enterococcus casseliflavus and Lactococcus garvieae. Moreover, results of the safety of B. velezensis K2 showed that intraperitoneal injection of K2 in healthy grouper did not cause any pathological abnormality or death, indicating this bacteria could be considered as a candidate probiotic in aquaculture. Groupers were fed with the diets containing 1 × 107 cfu/g of B. velezensis K2 for 4 weeks. Various immune parameters were examined at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks of post-feeding. Results showed that diets supplemented with K2 significantly increased serum acid phosphatase (ACP) activity (P < 0.05). Results of the mRNA expression of immune-related genes in the head kidney of hybrid grouper showed that the expression of lysozyme gene was significantly upregulated after 1 and 2 weeks of feeding (P < 0.05). A significant up-regulation of the expression of piscidin, IgM and MyD88 were detected at day 21, whereas the TLR3 and TLR5 showed lower expression compared to the controls during 21 days, and a significant decrease of TLR3 gene was found at day 28 (P < 0.05). After challenge with V. harveyi, the survival rate of fish administrated with the strain K2 for 28 days was signifiacantly higher than the controls without this strain (P < 0.05). These results collectively suggest that B. velezensis K2 is a potential probiotic species to improve health status and disease resistance and can be developed as a probiotic agent in grouper industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Wu
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ji-Wei Zha
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shen-Ye Qu
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Qi
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Fei Ling
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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The Role of Pseudomonas in Heterotrophic Nitrification: A Case Study on Shrimp Ponds ( Litopenaeus vannamei) in Soc Trang Province. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7060155. [PMID: 31146455 PMCID: PMC6616971 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7060155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on a total of 6,295,650 sequences from the V3 and V4 regions (16S ribosomal RNA), the composition of the microorganism communities in the water of three Litopenaeus vannamei (Decapoda, Whiteleg shrimp; Soc Trang, Vietnam) ponds were identified. Pseudomonas (10–20.29%), Methylophilus (13.26–24.28%), and Flavobacterium (2.6–19.29%) were the most abundant genera. The total ammonia (TAN) concentration (p = 0.025) and temperature (p = 0.015) were significantly correlated with the relative abundance of Pseudomonas in two bacterial communities (ST1, ST4), whereas the predictive functions of microorganism communities based on 16S rRNA gene data was estimated using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUST), which showed that nitrogen metabolism was significantly negatively correlated (p = 0.049) with TAN concentration. The abundance of Pseudomonas and nitrogen metabolism increased with a decrease in TAN concentration. The correlation between TAN concentration and the abundance of Pseudomonas was followed by the isolation, and heterotrophic nitrifying performance analysis was used to confirm our findings. Six Pseudomonas strains capable of heterotrophic nitrification were isolated from the three water samples and showed a complete reduction of 100 mg/L NH4Cl during a 96-h cultivation. These results indicate the potential of applying Pseudomonas in shrimp ponds for water treatment.
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Wang K, Cao G, Zhang H, Li Q, Yang C. Effects of Clostridium butyricum and Enterococcus faecalis on growth performance, immune function, intestinal morphology, volatile fatty acids, and intestinal flora in a piglet model. Food Funct 2019; 10:7844-7854. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01650c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of Clostridium butyricum and Enterococcus faecalis (probiotics) in a piglet model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Zhejiang A & F University
- Hangzhou 311300
| | - Guangtian Cao
- College of Standardisation
- China Jiliang University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Zhejiang A & F University
- Hangzhou 311300
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Zhejiang A & F University
- Hangzhou 311300
| | - Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Zhejiang A & F University
- Hangzhou 311300
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Pant B, Lohani V, Mishra A, Trakroo MD, Tewari H. Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Growth of Carp Fingerlings. NATIONAL ACADEMY SCIENCE LETTERS-INDIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40009-018-0733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Makled SO, Hamdan AM, El-Sayed AFM, Hafez EE. Evaluation of marine psychrophile, Psychrobacter namhaensis SO89, as a probiotic in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 61:194-200. [PMID: 28062189 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Marine environment represents a promising source of new, unconventional bioactive compounds with health-promoting abilities, which can be used as food supplements. The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of marine Psychrobacter namhaensis SO89 on growth performance and immune response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). P. namhaensis were isolated from marine environments and phylogenetically identified by 16S rRNA gene sequences. The bacterial isolate was incorporated in Nile tilapia diets (30% crude protein) at three concentrations (0.0, 0.5 and 1.0%; w/w) (designated as T0, T0.5 and T1, respectively), which were equivalent to 0.0, 2.8 × 107 and 5.6 × 107 CFU g-1 diet, respectively. The diets were fed to Nile tilapia fingerlings (4.58 ± 0.14 g average weight) at a daily rate of 3% of their live body weights (BW), 3 times a day for 50 days. The best growth rates and feed utilization efficiency were obtained at 0.5% P. namhaensis SO89 concentration. Hematocrit (Ht%), hemoglobin (Hb%), erythrocytes (RBC) and total leukocyte (WBCs) values were significantly higher in P. namhaensis SO89- fed groups than in the control group. Similarly, immunoglobulin M (IgM), alternative complement hemolysis (ACH50), phagocytic and lysozyme activities significantly increased following dietary P. namhaensis SO89 supplementation at 0.5% concentration compared to the control group. The expression of IL-4 and IL-12 genes was also significantly up-regulated in P. namhaensis SO89-treated groups up to 0.5% concentration. Increasing bacterial concentration to 1% resulted in a significant decrease in fish performance and immune response. The present results suggest that marine psychrotolerant (Psychrobacter namhaensis) can be considered as a novel feed additive in Nile tilapia feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah O Makled
- Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21511, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira M Hamdan
- Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21511, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Abdel-Fattah M El-Sayed
- Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21511, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Elsayed E Hafez
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, 21934, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
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Guo M, Hao G, Wang B, Li N, Li R, Wei L, Chai T. Dietary Administration of Bacillus subtilis Enhances Growth Performance, Immune Response and Disease Resistance in Cherry Valley Ducks. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1975. [PMID: 28008328 PMCID: PMC5143344 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the promising results of applying Bacillus subtilis (B.subtilis) as a probiotic in both humans and animals, the aim of this study was to systematically investigate the effects of B. subtilis on growth performance, immune response and disease resistance in Cherry Valley ducks. At 28 d post-hatch (dph), ducks fed a diet with B. subtilis weighed significantly more, had higher relative immune organ weights (e.g., bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen), and exhibited greater villus heights, villus height to crypt depth ratios (duodenum and jejunum), and shallower crypt depths in the duodenum than controls fed a normal diet (p < 0.05). Moreover, the major pro-inflammatory factors and antiviral proteins, as measured in the thymus and the spleen, were higher at 28 dph in ducks fed probiotics than those of 14 dph. After 28 d of feeding, the ducks were challenged with Escherichia coli (E. coli) and novel duck reovirus (NDRV), and ducks fed B. subtilis achieved survival rates of 43.3 and 100%, respectively, which were significantly greater than the control group's 20 and 83.3%. Altogether, diets with B. subtilis can improve Cherry Valley ducks' growth performance, innate immune response, and resistance against E. coli and NDRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Taishan Medical CollegeTai'an, China
| | - Guangen Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Taishan Medical CollegeTai'an, China
| | - Baohua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Taishan Medical CollegeTai'an, China
| | - Rong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Taishan Medical CollegeTai'an, China
| | - Liangmeng Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Taishan Medical CollegeTai'an, China
| | - Tongjie Chai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Taishan Medical CollegeTai'an, China
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Synbiotic (Biomin imbo) alters gut bacterial microflora of Russian sturgeon, Acipenser guldenstadti (Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1833) in a time-dependent pattern. J Parasit Dis 2016; 40:1189-1192. [PMID: 27876912 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-015-0647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the efficiency of Synbiotic (Biomin imbo) in alternation and stabilization of gut microflora of Russian sturgeon, Acipenser guldenstadti. For this purpose, five experimental treatments and one control group with three replicates were considered. In treatment groups, fish were fed with diet containing 1 (T1), 1.5 (T2), 2 (T3), 2.5 (T4) and 3 (T5) g Synbiotic/kg diet. In control group, fish were fed without supplement of Synbiotic. Sampling for bacterial studies was conducted at days 20, 40 and 60 after the beginning of the experiment. According to results, there were no significant differences in total bacterial count between Synbiotic treatments and also in comparison with control group 20 days after the beginning of the experiment (P > 0.05). At days 40 and 60 of experiment, the highest total bacterial counts were observed in control and T1 group respectively. At day 20, the lactic acid bacteria count was higher significantly in Synbiotic treatments compared to control group (P < 0.05). In all sampling times (i.e. days 20, 40 and 60), the highest lactic acid bacteria count was observed in fish fed with 3 g Synbiotic/kg diet i.e. treatment 5 (P < 0.05). In each experimental group, total bacteria and lactic acid bacteria counts increased significantly as the duration of experiment expanded. In this regard, these parameters were significantly higher at day 60 compared to day 40 and 20 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results showed that Synbiotic (Biomin imbo) alters and stabilizes efficiently the microflora of Russian sturgeon gut towards lactic acid bacteria in a time-dependent pattern.
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Chai PC, Song XL, Chen GF, Xu H, Huang J. Dietary supplementation of probiotic Bacillus PC465 isolated from the gut of Fenneropenaeus chinensis improves the health status and resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei against white spot syndrome virus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 54:602-611. [PMID: 27177431 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study conducted a 30-day feeding trial and a subsequent 20-day anti-virus infection trial to determine the effects of probiotic Bacillus PC465 on the growth, health status, and disease resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimp samples were fed with three practical diets prepared from shrimp feed containing varying probiotic doses [0 (control), 10(7), and 10(9) CFU g(-1)]. Probiotic supplementation significantly increased the weight gain and survival of L. vannamei (p < 0.05). The effect of 10(9) CFU g(-1) on the growth rate was higher than that of 10(7) CFU g(-1). Compared with those in the control group, the activities of digestive enzymes, such as amylase, protease, and lipase, in the shrimp mid-gut significantly increased in the probiotic-fed groups on days 15 and 30, except lipase on day 30. The influence of 10(9) CFU g(-1) on enzyme activities was also greater than that of 10(7) CFU g(-1). Scanning electron microscopy revealed folds and large ravines across the interior surface of the mid-gut, and the number of these folds and ravines increased significantly after the probiotic was administered. The probiotic treatment significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the transcription of penaeidin 3a (Pen-3a), peroxinectin, C-type lectin 3 (Lec-3), and thioredoxin (Trx) in the hemocytes of L. vannamei. Likewise, probiotic treatment increased the transcription of hemocyanin in the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei. The probiotic treatment also significantly increased the transcription of prophenoloxidase (proPO) but decreased the transcription of crustin in hemocytes. By contrast, the same treatment failed to increase the transcription of Ras-related protein (Rab-6) in hemocytes. The number of species and biomass of Bacillus in the mid-gut were higher in the probiotic-fed group than in the control group. The total biomass of microbes was higher in the shrimp fed with 10(7) CFU g(-1) than in the shrimp fed with 10(9) CFU g(-1) and the control group on days 15 and 30 post-feeding. In two white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infections, the weight gain, survival, and WSSV copies within the gills of the probiotic-treated shrimp significantly differed (p < 0.05) from those of the control group. Relatively efficient protection was associated with probiotic feeding. Results suggested that Bacillus PC465 feeding improves the growth performance, survival, digestion, and nutrient absorption of L. vannamei. Probiotic treatment also enhances the microbial structures in the gut, promotes the immune status of shrimp, and provides protection against viral infection. The supplementation with 10(9) CFU g(-1) can also improve the growth and survival of L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Chai
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ling Song
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Guo-Fu Chen
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Hua Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Jie Huang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, PR China
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Menanteau-Ledouble S, Kumar G, Saleh M, El-Matbouli M. Aeromonas salmonicida: updates on an old acquaintance. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2016; 120:49-68. [PMID: 27304870 DOI: 10.3354/dao03006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida is the oldest known infectious agent to be linked to fish disease and constitutes a major bacterial pathogen of fish, in particular of salmonids. This bacterium can be found almost worldwide in both marine and freshwater environments and has been divided into several sub-species. In this review, we present the most recent developments concerning our understanding of this pathogen, including how the characterization of new isolates from non-salmonid hosts suggests a more nuanced picture of the importance of the so‑called 'atypical isolates'. We also describe the clinical presentation regarding the infection across several fish species and discuss what is known about the virulence of A. salmonicida and, in particular, the role that the type 3 secretion system might play in suppressing the immune response of its hosts. Finally, isolates have displayed varied levels of antibiotic resistance. Hence, we review a number of solutions that have been developed both to prevent outbreaks and to treat them once they occur, including the application of pre- and probiotic supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Menanteau-Ledouble
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Hamdan A, El-Sayed A, Mahmoud M. Effects of a novel marine probiotic, Lactobacillus plantarum
AH 78, on growth performance and immune response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus
). J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1061-73. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.M. Hamdan
- Oceanography Department; Faculty of Science; Alexandria University; Alexandria Egypt
| | - A.F.M. El-Sayed
- Oceanography Department; Faculty of Science; Alexandria University; Alexandria Egypt
| | - M.M. Mahmoud
- Oceanography Department; Faculty of Science; Alexandria University; Alexandria Egypt
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Ghomrassi H, ben Braiek O, Choiset Y, Haertlé T, Hani K, Chobert JM, Ghrairi T. Evaluation of marine bacteriocinogenic enterococci strains with inhibitory activity against fish-pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2016; 118:31-43. [PMID: 26865233 DOI: 10.3354/dao02953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as probiotics may provide an alternative to the use of antibiotics in aquaculture. LAB strains isolated from wild fish viscera and skin were evaluated for bacteriocin production and safety aspects (lack of antibiotic resistance, production of virulence factors). 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed the presence of Enterococcus faecium (13 isolates) and Lactococcus lactis (3 isolates) from fish samples. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analyses of the 13 enterococci isolates showed that they were all clustered, with greater than 95% similarity. However, RAPD analysis revealed significant molecular diversity between enterococci strains. Six enterococci strains were chosen and evaluated for their antibacterial activities. These strains produced a bacteriocin-like substance and exhibited a broad spectrum of inhibition against pathogenic bacteria isolated from diseased fish, including Streptococcus parauberis, Vagococcus spp., and Carnobacterium maltaromaticum, and in particular against the Gram-negative bacteria Flavobacterium frigidarium, Vibrio pectenicida, V. penaeicida, and Photobacterium damselae. The inhibition activity towards bacterial indicator strains was at a maximum when bacteria were grown at 37°C. However, bacteriocin production was observed at 15°C after 12 h of incubation. Only structural genes of enterocins A and B were detected by PCR in the 6 enterococci strains, suggesting the production of these enterocins. In addition, these strains did not harbor any virulence factors or any significant antibiotic resistance, and they tolerated bile. Our results suggest that enterococci are an important part of the bacterial flora of fish and that some strains have the potential to be used as probiotics.
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Dietary Bacillus subtilis FPTB13 and chitin, single or combined, modulate systemic and cutaneous mucosal immunity and resistance of catla, Catla catla (Hamilton) against edwardsiellosis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 43:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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