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Li A, Jaakkola MK, Saaresranta T, Klén R, Li XG. Analysis of sleep apnea research with a special focus on the use of positron emission tomography as a study tool. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 77:101967. [PMID: 38936220 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The quality of sleep plays a significant role in determining human well-being, and studying sleep and sleep disorders using various methods can aid in the prevention and treatment of diseases. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive and highly sensitive medical imaging technique that has been widely adopted in the clinic. This review article provides data on research activity related to sleep and sleep apnea and discusses the use of PET in investigating sleep apnea and other sleep disorders. We conducted a statistical analysis of the number of original research articles published on sleep and sleep apnea between 1965 and 2021 and found that there has been a dramatic increase in publications since 1990. The distribution of contributing countries and regions has also undergone significant changes. Although there is an extensive body of literature on sleep research (256,399 original research articles during 1965-2021), PET has only been used in 54 of these published studies, indicating a largely untapped area of research. Nonetheless, PET is a useful tool for identifying connections between sleep disorders and pathological changes in various diseases, including neurological, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders, as well as cancer. To facilitate the broader use of PET in sleep apnea research, further studies are needed in both clinical and preclinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anting Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria K Jaakkola
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tarja Saaresranta
- Division of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Sleep Research Centre, Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riku Klén
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Zhang XB, Song Y, Lai YT, Qiu SZ, Hu AK, Li DX, Zheng NS, Zeng HQ, Lin QC. MiR-210-3p enhances intermittent hypoxia-induced tumor progression via inhibition of E2F3. Sleep Breath 2024; 28:607-617. [PMID: 37775619 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-023-02925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a hallmark of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which is related to tumorigenesis and progression. Although micro-ribonucleic acid-210-3p (miR-210-3p) is correlated with hypoxia-induced tumor development, its role in the relationship between IH and tumor function remains poorly understood. The present work focused on elucidating the molecular mechanism through which miR-210-3p drives tumor progression under IH. METHODS MiR-210-3p levels were quantified within tumor samples from patients with lung adenocarcinoma who had or did not have OSA. Correlations between miR-210-3p and polysomnographic variables were analyzed. For in vitro experiments, miR-210-3p was inhibited or overexpressed via transfection under IH conditions. Cell viability, growth, invasion and migration assays were carried out. For in vivo modeling of IH using mouse xenografts, a miR-210-3p antagomir was intratumorally injected, tumor biological behaviors were evaluated, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemistry and western blot were carried out for detecting miR-210-3p and E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3) expression. RESULTS For patients with lung adenocarcinoma and OSA, high miR-210-3p levels showed positive relation to polysomnographic variables, such as oxygen desaturation index, apnea-hypopnea index, and proportion of total sleep time with oxygen saturation in arterial blood < 90%. IH enhanced tumor viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion, downregulated E2F3 expression, and increased miR-210-3-p levels. miR-210-3p overexpression induced similar changes. These changes were reversed by miR-210-3p inhibition in vitro or miR-210-3p antagomir through intratumoral injection in vivo. CONCLUSIONS IH-induced tumor development is driven through miR-210-3p by E2F3 suppression. MiR-210-3p represents a potential therapeutic target among patients with concomitant cancer and OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.201, Hubin South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Song
- Ningde Food and Drug Inspection Testing Center, Ningde, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ting Lai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.201, Hubin South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Zhao Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Ke Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.201, Hubin South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Xi Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.201, Hubin South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Nai-Shan Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.201, Hubin South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Qing Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.201, Hubin South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Chang Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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Yuan F, Hu Y, Xu F, Feng X. A review of obstructive sleep apnea and lung cancer: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic options. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1374236. [PMID: 38605948 PMCID: PMC11007033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1374236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite undeniable advances in modern medicine, lung cancer still has high morbidity and mortality rates. Lung cancer is preventable and treatable, and it is important to identify new risk factors for lung cancer, especially those that can be treated or reversed. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a very common sleep-breathing disorder that is grossly underestimated in clinical practice. It can cause, exacerbate, and worsen adverse outcomes, including death and various diseases, but its relationship with lung cancer is unclear. A possible causal relationship between OSA and the onset and progression of lung cancer has been established biologically. The pathophysiological processes associated with OSA, such as sleep fragmentation, intermittent hypoxia, and increased sympathetic nervous excitation, may affect normal neuroendocrine regulation, impair immune function (especially innate and cellular immunity), and ultimately contribute to the occurrence of lung cancer, accelerate progression, and induce treatment resistance. OSA may be a contributor to but a preventable cause of the progression of lung cancer. However, whether this effect exists independently of other risk factors is unclear. Therefore, by reviewing the literature on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of lung cancer and OSA, we hope to understand the relationships between the two and promote the interdisciplinary exchange of ideas between basic medicine, clinical medicine, respiratory medicine, sleep medicine, and oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Department of Respiratory, The First Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiujiang, China
| | - Yanxia Hu
- Department of Respiratory, The First Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiujiang, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xujun Feng
- Department of Respiratory, The First Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiujiang, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Medicine Center, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhang XB, Gan QF, He XZ, Yuan YT, Ling-Wang, Huang MH, Hong PY. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate inhibits tumor growth via miR-138 upregulation in intermittent hypoxia-induced xenograft mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:3231-3240. [PMID: 38334965 PMCID: PMC10929795 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We studied the functions of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (TSA) in inducing tumor growth in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-mimicking intermittent hypoxia (IH) xenograft mice and the underlying potential molecular mechanism. METHODS RNA sequencing was conducted to screen the differentially expressed microRNAs in cell lines exposed to IH with or without TSA treatment. As part of the 5-week in vivo study, we treated xenograft mice with 8-h IH once daily. TSA and miR-138 inhibitors or mimics were administrated appropriately. In addition, we performed real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry (IHC), microvessel density (MVD), and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays. RESULTS RNA sequencing and RT-PCR results demonstrated that TSA increased the levels of miR-138 under IH conditions in vitro. TSA reduced the IH-stimulated high levels of hypoxia-induced factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor. Furthermore, IH contributed to high tumor migration, invasion, MVD, and low apoptosis. TSA attenuated IH-mediated tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, MVD, and increased apoptosis, whereas miR-138 inhibitor interrupted the effect of TSA on treating IH-induced tumor behaviors. CONCLUSIONS OSA mimicking IH facilitates tumor growth and reduces miR-138 levels. TSA inhibits IH-induced tumor growth by upregulating the expression of miR-138.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi-Feng Gan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Zhen He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ting Yuan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao-Hong Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping-Yang Hong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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Chen LD, Lin L, Chen JZ, Song Y, Zhang WL, Li HY, Luo JM, Zhang XB. Identification of key genes in chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced lung cancer progression based on transcriptome sequencing. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:41. [PMID: 38183079 PMCID: PMC10770984 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased risk of lung cancer mortality. Nevertheless, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. This research aimed to investigate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and explore their function in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-bearing mice exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) by transcriptome sequencing. METHODS Lung cancer tissues in LLC-bearing mice exposed to CIH or normoxia were subjected for transcriptome sequencing to examine DEGs. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were employed to explore the function of DEGs. To evaluate the prognostic value of DEGs, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis in combination with Cox proportional hazard model were applied based on The Cancer Genome Atlas. RESULTS A total of 388 genes with 207 up-regulated and 181 down-regulated genes were differentially expressed between the CIH and normoxia control groups. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the DEGs were related to various signaling pathways such as chemokine signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, transcriptional misregulation in cancer, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, PPAR signaling pathway. In addition, the DEGs including APOL1, ETFB, KLK8, PPP1R3G, PRL, SPTA1, PLA2G3, PCP4L1, NINJ2, MIR186, and KLRG1 were proven to be significantly correlated with poorer overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS CIH caused a significant change of gene expression profiling in LLC-bearing mice. The DEGs were found to be involved in various physiological and pathological processes and correlated with poorer prognosis in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Da Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ji-Zhi Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yang Song
- Ningde Food and Drug Inspection Testing Center, Ningde, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wei-Liang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Huang-Yu Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jia-Min Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Zhang
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, No. 1, Xuefu North Road, University New District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350122, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China.
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The association between obstructive sleep apnea and lung nodule, carcinoembryonic antigen. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:2025-2032. [PMID: 36481978 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07776-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cancer risks gaining more and more attention. Data on the association between OSA and lung cancer risk are limited. This study is to investigate whether a link exists between low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scanning of the chest findings, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and OSA in patients suspected of OSA. METHODS The cross-sectional study included patients aged 18 years or older who underwent continuous nocturnal polysomnography at our sleep center between February 2019 and November 2020. All subjects underwent chest LDCT and CEA. Patients with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of ≥ 15/h were classified as clinically significant OSA group, whereas patients with an AHI < 15/h were classified as control group. RESULTS A total of 277 patients were enrolled in the study. 176 patients were categorized into the OSA group, while 101 patients were categorized into the control group. There is no relationship between any OSA-related parameter and presence of lung nodule or presence of ≥ 6 mm lung nodule in the binary logistic regression analysis. OSA group demonstrated a significant higher value of CEA than control group. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that lowest O2 saturation (β = - 0.256, p < 0.001), smoking status (β = 0.156, p = 0.007) and age (β = 0.153, p = 0.008) were independent predictors of elevated CEA. CONCLUSIONS OSA was independently related to the elevated of serum CEA level, but not with presence of pulmonary nodule or ≥ 6 mm pulmonary nodule in LDCT. Further well-designed longitudinal studies with pathology available are needed to identify the association between OSA and risk of lung cancer.
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Sánchez-de-la-Torre M, Cubillos C, Veatch OJ, Garcia-Rio F, Gozal D, Martinez-Garcia MA. Potential Pathophysiological Pathways in the Complex Relationships between OSA and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1061. [PMID: 36831404 PMCID: PMC9953831 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested a relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and a higher incidence or severity of cancer. This relationship appears to be dependent on a myriad of factors. These include non-modifiable factors, such as age and gender; and modifiable or preventable factors, such as specific comorbidities (especially obesity), the use of particular treatments, and, above all, the histological type or location of the cancer. Heterogeneity in the relationship between OSA and cancer is also related to the influences of intermittent hypoxemia (a hallmark feature of OSA), among others, on metabolism and the microenvironment of different types of tumoral cells. The hypoxia inducible transcription factor (HIF-1α), a molecule activated and expressed in situations of hypoxemia, seems to be key to enabling a variety of pathophysiological mechanisms that are becoming increasingly better recognized. These mechanisms appear to be operationally involved via alterations in different cellular functions (mainly involving the immune system) and molecular functions, and by inducing modifications in the microbiome. This, in turn, may individually or collectively increase the risk of cancer, which is then, further modulated by the genetic susceptibility of the individual. Here, we provide an updated and brief review of the different pathophysiological pathways that have been identified and could explain the relationship between OSA and cancer. We also identify future challenges that need to be overcome in this intriguing field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sánchez-de-la-Torre
- Group of Precision Medicine in Chronic Diseases, Respiratory Department, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa María, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Cubillos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Group of Respiratory Diseases, Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivia J. Veatch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Francisco Garcia-Rio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Group of Respiratory Diseases, Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health and Child Health Research Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Miguel Angel Martinez-Garcia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Respiratory Department, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Pneumology Department, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, 46012 Valencia, Spain
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Xu J, Sun L, Luo S, Zhu G, Zhou Y, Jiang M, Wang M. rh-ES and Chemotherapy in Advanced Gastrointestinal Cancer in China: A Meta-analysis. Am J Med Sci 2021; 363:342-350. [PMID: 34958746 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human endostatin (rh-ES) combined with chemotherapy in advanced gastrointestinal tumors in China. METHODS A literature search was performed in PubMed, Medline, Springer, Elsevier Science Direct, Weipu, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), with the last report through September 2019. The included research was scored using a modified Jadad scale, and a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS Twenty articles including 905 participants (experimental group [rh-ES combined with chemotherapy] 459; control group [chemotherapy alone] 446) were considered. The total effective rate for the experimental group in advanced gastrointestinal tumors was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). No significant difference in adverse reactions was seen between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The short-term efficacy of rh-ES combined with chemotherapy for advanced gastrointestinal tumors was better, with fewer adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
| | - Li'e Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Song Luo
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yilang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Mei Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Zhang XB, Cheng HJ, Yuan YT, Chen Y, Chen YY, Chiu KY, Zeng HQ. Atorvastatin attenuates intermittent hypoxia-induced myocardial oxidative stress in a mouse obstructive sleep apnea model. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:18870-18878. [PMID: 34289453 PMCID: PMC8351704 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), a hallmark of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is associated with various cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we assessed the effect of the lipid reducing agent atorvastatin on CIH-induced myocardial oxidative stress and apoptosis in a mouse OSA model. Forty-eight C57BL/6J mice were evenly divided among normoxia + vehicle, normoxia + atorvastatin, CIH + vehicle, and CIH + atorvastatin groups. CIH consisted of a hypoxia-reoxygenation cycle in which oxygen concentrations fluctuated from 21% to 6% and back over two minutes for 8 hours each day (30 events/hour). CIH exposure continued for 12 weeks. Atorvastatin (5 mg/kg) was administered from week 6 through the end of the experiment. CIH increased malondialdehyde levels and decreased superoxide dismutase activity, total antioxidant capacity, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 levels in cardiac tissue, indicating a reduction in antioxidant activity. Atorvastatin significantly reversed those effects (p < 0.05). CIH also increased B-cell lymphoma 2-associated protein X and cleaved caspased-3 levels as well as the myocardial apoptotic rate, as indicated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling. Atorvastatin had no effect on those changes (p > 0.05). Thus, atorvastatin administration exerts antioxidant but not anti-apoptotic effects after CIH and may therefore have therapeutic potential in OSA patients with cardiovascular comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Juan Cheng
- Department of Medical Affairs, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ting Yuan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Yuan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kam Yu Chiu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Qing Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
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Ma L, Shan W, Ding X, Yang P, Rozjan A, Yao Q. Intermittent hypoxia induces tumor immune escape in murine S180 solid tumors via the upregulation of TGF-β 1 in mice. Sleep Breath 2021; 25:719-726. [PMID: 32840731 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-020-02166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies have shown that intermittent hypoxia (IH) alters host immune functions and promotes tumor growth. However, the relevant mechanisms of these effects have not been completely elucidated. We hypothesized that IH promotes the growth of tumors by changing cytokine levels in the tumor microenvironment and inducing immune escape. METHODS Sarcoma-180 (S180) solid tumor cells were injected into the right flank of Kunming mice. The mice were then randomly divided into the IH and room air (RA) groups. The mice were euthanized 2 weeks after IH exposure, and the weight of tumor tissues was measured. Next, IL-6, IL-17, IL-10, and TNF-α levels in tumor tissues were measured via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) expressions were examined through Western blot analysis. RESULTS Two weeks of IH exposure significantly accelerated the growth of S180 solid tumors. Western blot analysis results showed that the expression levels of HIF-1α and TGF-β1 in S180 tumors in the IH group were significantly upregulated compared with those in the RA group. ELISA results showed that compared with the RA group, the IH group had significantly increased TNF-α and IL-10 (P < 0.05) and significantly decreased IL-17 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION IH might promote the growth of S180 solid tumors by inhibiting the antitumor immune response and inducing tumor immune escape via the upregulation of TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Ma
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393, Xinyi Road, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibi Shan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393, Xinyi Road, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinguo Ding
- Department of EENT, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Changji, Changji, 831100, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393, Xinyi Road, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Azmat Rozjan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393, Xinyi Road, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoling Yao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393, Xinyi Road, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Zhang XB, Chen XY, Sun P, Su XM, Zeng HQ, Zeng YM, Wang M, Luo X. Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Attenuates Tumor Oxidative Stress and Promotes Apoptosis in an Intermittent Hypoxia Mouse Model. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 19:1533033820928073. [PMID: 32431212 PMCID: PMC7249596 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820928073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Intermittent hypoxia, a significant feature of obstructive sleep apnea, has pro-tumorigenic effects. Here, we investigated the effect of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate on oxidative stress and apoptosis in a mouse model of Lewis lung carcinoma with intermittent hypoxia. Methods: Mice were randomly assigned to normoxia (control), normoxia plus sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (control + sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate), intermittent hypoxia, and intermittent hypoxia + sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate groups. Intermittent hypoxia administration lasted 5 weeks in the intermittent hypoxia groups. Lewis lung carcinoma cells were injected into the right flank of each mouse after 1 week of intermittent hypoxia exposure. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate was injected intraperitoneally in the control + sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate and intermittent hypoxia + sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate groups. Tumor oxidative stress was evaluated by detection of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase. The apoptosis of tumor cells was evaluated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay as well as by Western blot analysis of B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein and cleaved caspase-3 expression. Additionally, the expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1α, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and nuclear factor kappa B was also evaluated by Western blot. Results: Compared with the control group, the intermittent hypoxia treatment significantly increased Lewis lung carcinoma tumor growth and oxidative stress (serum malondialdehyde) but decreased serum levels of SOD and pro-apoptotic markers (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling staining, B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein, and cleaved caspase-3). These changes were significantly attenuated by intraperitoneal injection of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate. Lower nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and higher nuclear factor kappa B levels in the intermittent hypoxia group were clearly reversed by sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate treatment. In addition, sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate administration decreased the high expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1α induced by intermittent hypoxia. Conclusion: Intermittent hypoxia treatment resulted in high oxidative stress and low apoptosis in Lewis lung carcinoma–implanted mice, which could be attenuated by sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate administration possibly through a mechanism mediated by the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yang Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Center of Respiratory Medicine of Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Man Su
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Qing Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ming Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Center of Respiratory Medicine of Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongbiao Luo
- Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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12
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Gozal D, Almendros I, Phipps AI, Campos-Rodriguez F, Martínez-García MA, Farré R. Sleep Apnoea Adverse Effects on Cancer: True, False, or Too Many Confounders? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228779. [PMID: 33233617 PMCID: PMC7699730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder associated with increased cardiovascular, metabolic and neurocognitive morbidity. Recently, an increasing number of basic, clinical and epidemiological reports have suggested that OSA may also increase the risk of cancer, and adversely impact cancer progression and outcomes. This hypothesis is convincingly supported by biological evidence linking certain solid tumours and hypoxia, as well as by experimental studies involving cell and animal models testing the effects of intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation that characterize OSA. However, the clinical and epidemiological studies do not conclusively confirm that OSA adversely affects cancer, even if they hold true for specific cancers such as melanoma. It is likely that the inconclusive studies reflect that they were not specifically designed to test the hypothesis or because of the heterogeneity of the relationship of OSA with different cancer types or even sub-types. This review critically focusses on the extant basic, clinical, and epidemiological evidence while formulating proposed directions on how the field may move forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gozal
- Department of Child Health, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (R.F.)
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amanda I. Phipps
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
- Epidemiology Program, Fred Hutchinson Research Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Francisco Campos-Rodriguez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Valme (Seville, Spain), Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), 41014 Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Martínez-García
- Pneumology Department, Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Research Unit, Polytechnic and University La Fe Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (R.F.)
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13
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Shi JW, Lai ZZ, Yang HL, Yang SL, Wang CJ, Ao D, Ruan LY, Shen HH, Zhou WJ, Mei J, Fu Q, Li MQ. Collagen at the maternal-fetal interface in human pregnancy. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2220-2234. [PMID: 32549767 PMCID: PMC7294936 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.45586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival and development of a semi-allogenic fetus during pregnancy require special immune tolerance microenvironment at the maternal fetal interface. During the establishment of a successful pregnancy, the endometrium undergoes a series of changes, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) breaks down and remodels. Collagen is one of the most abundant ECM. Emerging evidence has shown that collagen and its fragment are expressed at the maternal fetal interface. The regulation of expression of collagen is quite complex, and this process involves a multitude of factors. Collagen exerts a critical role during the successful pregnancy. In addition, the abnormal expressions of collagen and its fragments are associated with certain pathological states associated with pregnancy, including recurrent miscarriage, diabetes mellitus with pregnancy, preeclampsia and so on. In this review, the expression and potential roles of collagen under conditions of physiological and pathological pregnancy are systematically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Shi
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Lai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Li Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Liang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Jie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Deng Ao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Yu Ruan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hui Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhou
- Center of Reproductive Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Mei
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical College, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
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14
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Kang HS, Kwon HY, Kim IK, Ban WH, Kim SW, Kang HH, Yeo CD, Lee SH. Intermittent hypoxia exacerbates tumor progression in a mouse model of lung cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1854. [PMID: 32024881 PMCID: PMC7002457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58906-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-related chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) influences lung cancer progression and to elucidate the associated mechanisms in a mouse model of lung cancer. C57/BL6 mice in a CIH group were exposed to intermittent hypoxia for two weeks after tumor induction and compared with control mice (room air). Hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and metastasis-related matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) were measured. The expression levels of several hypoxia-related pathway proteins including HIF-1α, Wnt/ß-catenin, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and mammalian target of rapamycin-ERK were measured by western blot. The number (P < 0.01) and volume (P < 0.05) of tumors were increased in the CIH group. The activity of MMP-2 was enhanced after CIH treatment. The level of VEGF was increased significantly in the CIH group (p < 0.05). ß-catenin and Nrf2 were translocated to the nucleus and the levels of downstream effectors of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling increased after IH exposure. CIH enhanced proliferative and migratory properties of tumors in a mouse model of lung cancer. ß-catenin and Nrf2 appeared to be crucial mediators of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Seon Kang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Kwon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyoung Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Ho Ban
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Won Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Hui Kang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Dong Yeo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Haak Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Huang MH, Zhang XB, Wang HL, Li LX, Zeng YM, Wang M, Zeng HQ. Intermittent hypoxia enhances the tumor programmed death ligand 1 expression in a mouse model of sleep apnea. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:97. [PMID: 31019947 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.01.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background As a hallmark of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), intermittent hypoxia (IH) promotes tumor progress. The high expression of programmed death 1 and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tumor leads to immune evasion and subsequently aggravates tumor progress. This study aims to determine the tumor PD-L1 expression under the IH condition. Methods A total of 24 C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to the normoxia (control, CTL) group and the IH group. Mice in the IH group were subjected to the IH condition for 5 weeks. Lung cancer cells were injected into the flank of each mouse after 1 week of IH exposure. Tumor PD-L1 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Correlation between tumor weight, tumor volume, and expression of PD-L1 was analyzed. Results Compared to the CTL group, mice in the IH group had a high PD-L1 expression. The IH can enhance the tumor PD-L1 expression. Tumor weight, volume, and HIF-1α levels were closely associated with the PD-L1 expression in the IH group, while dissimilar findings were observed in the CTL group. Conclusions The IH enhances tumor PD-L1 expression in OSA mimicking mice. Additional studies are required to clarify the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Hong Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China.,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Hui-Ling Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Liu-Xia Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China.,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Hui-Qing Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
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