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Gómez-Olivas JD, Campos-Rodriguez F, Nagore E, Martorell A, García-Rio F, Cubillos C, Hernandez L, Bañuls J, Arias E, Ortiz P, Cabriada V, Gardeazabal J, Montserrat JM, Carrera C, Masa JF, Gomez de Terreros J, Abad J, Boada A, Mediano O, Castillo-Garcia M, Chiner E, Landete P, Mayos M, Fortuna A, Barbé F, Sanchez-de-la-Torre M, Cano-Pumarega I, Perez-Gil A, Gomez-Garcia T, Cullen D, Somoza M, Formigon M, Aizpuru F, Oscullo G, Garcia-Ortega A, Almendros I, Farré R, Gozal D, Martinez-Garcia MA. Role of Sleep Apnea and Long-Term CPAP Treatment in the Prognosis of Patients With Melanoma: A Prospective Multicenter Study of 443 Patients. Chest 2023; 164:1551-1559. [PMID: 37348828 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND OSA has been associated with increased incidence and aggressiveness of melanoma. However, the long-term impact of OSA and CPAP treatment on the prognosis of melanoma remains unexplored. RESEARCH QUESTION Are OSA and CPAP treatment associated independently with a poor prognosis for cutaneous melanoma? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Four hundred forty-three patients with a diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma (2012-2015) underwent a sleep study within 6 months of diagnosis. The main 5-year outcome of the study was a composite of melanoma recurrence, metastasis, or mortality. Patients were divided into four groups: baseline apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of fewer than 10 events/h (no OSA; control group), OSA treated with CPAP and good adherence, untreated or poor CPAP adherence in moderate (AHI, 10-29 events/h), and severe OSA (AHI, ≥ 30 events/h). Survival analysis was used to determine the independent role of OSA and CPAP treatment on melanoma composite outcome. RESULTS Three hundred ninety-one patients (88.2%) were available for analysis at 5-year follow-up (mean age, 65.1 ± 15.2 years; 49% male; Breslow index, 1.7 ± 2.5 mm). One hundred thirty-nine patients had AHI of fewer than 10 events/h (control group); 78 patients with OSA were adherent to CPAP; and 124 and 50 patients had moderate and severe OSA, respectively, without CPAP treatment. Median follow-up was 60 months (interquartile range, 51-74 months). During follow-up, 32 relapses, 53 metastases, and 52 deaths occurred (116 patients showed at least one of the main composite outcomes). After adjusting for age, sex, sentinel lymph nodes affected at diagnosis, BMI, diabetes, nighttime with an oxygen saturation below 90%, Breslow index, Epworth sleepiness scale scores, and melanoma treatment, moderate (hazard ratio [HR], 2.45; 95% CI, 1.09-5.49) and severe OSA (HR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.36-6.42) were associated with poorer prognosis of melanoma compared with the control group. However, good adherence to CPAP avoided this excess risk (HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 0.71-3.90). INTERPRETATION Moderate to severe untreated OSA is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis of melanoma. Treatment with CPAP is associated with improved melanoma outcomes compared with untreated moderate to severe OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Daniel Gómez-Olivas
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico la Fe, Hospital de Manises, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Campos-Rodriguez
- Respiratory Department, Instituto Andaluz de Investigación, Seville, Spain; Hospital Valme, IBIS, Instituto Andaluz de Investigación, Seville, Spain; CIBERes, VCIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Nagore
- Dermatology Department, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Hospital de Manises, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Francisco García-Rio
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Spain; CIBERes, VCIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Cubillos
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Spain; CIBERes, VCIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Hernandez
- Respiratory Department, Hospital General Universitario Balmis de Alicante, UMH, Spain; Clinical Medicine Department, UMH, Spain
| | - Jose Bañuls
- Dermatology Department, Hospital General Universitario Balmis de Alicante, UMH, Spain; Clinical Medicine Department, UMH, Spain
| | - Eva Arias
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Spain
| | - Pablo Ortiz
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Spain
| | - Valentin Cabriada
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Juan Gardeazabal
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Montserrat
- CIBERes, VCIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Respiratory Department, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Spain
| | | | - Juan Fernando Masa
- CIBERes, VCIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario San Pedro de Alcantara, Caceres, Spain
| | - Javier Gomez de Terreros
- CIBERes, VCIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario San Pedro de Alcantara, Caceres, Spain
| | - Jorge Abad
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario Germans Trials I Pujol, Spain
| | - Adam Boada
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Germans Trials I Pujol, Spain
| | - Olga Mediano
- CIBERes, VCIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario General de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Marta Castillo-Garcia
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario General de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Eusebi Chiner
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro Landete
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Mercedes Mayos
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Spain
| | - Ana Fortuna
- CIBERes, VCIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Spain
| | - Ferrán Barbé
- CIBERes, VCIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Group of Precision Medicine in Chronic Diseases, Respiratory Department, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa María, Spain; Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida. IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Manuel Sanchez-de-la-Torre
- CIBERes, VCIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Group of Precision Medicine in Chronic Diseases, Respiratory Department, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa María, Spain; Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida. IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Amalia Perez-Gil
- Dermatology Department, Instituto Andaluz de Investigación, Seville, Spain
| | - Teresa Gomez-Garcia
- Respiratory Department, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain; CIBERes, VCIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Cullen
- Dermatology Department, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Somoza
- Respiratory Department, Consorcio Sanitario Terrassa, Spain
| | | | - Felipe Aizpuru
- Biostatistical Service, BioAraba, Health Research Institute, OSI Araba University Hospital, Basque Health Service, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Grace Oscullo
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico la Fe, Hospital de Manises, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Garcia-Ortega
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico la Fe, Hospital de Manises, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; CIBERes, VCIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Unitat de Biofisica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Farré
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; CIBERes, VCIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Unitat de Biofisica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health and Child Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Miguel Angel Martinez-Garcia
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico la Fe, Hospital de Manises, Valencia, Spain; CIBERes, VCIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.
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Sánchez-de-la-Torre M, Cubillos C, Veatch OJ, Garcia-Rio F, Gozal D, Martinez-Garcia MA. Potential Pathophysiological Pathways in the Complex Relationships between OSA and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1061. [PMID: 36831404 PMCID: PMC9953831 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested a relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and a higher incidence or severity of cancer. This relationship appears to be dependent on a myriad of factors. These include non-modifiable factors, such as age and gender; and modifiable or preventable factors, such as specific comorbidities (especially obesity), the use of particular treatments, and, above all, the histological type or location of the cancer. Heterogeneity in the relationship between OSA and cancer is also related to the influences of intermittent hypoxemia (a hallmark feature of OSA), among others, on metabolism and the microenvironment of different types of tumoral cells. The hypoxia inducible transcription factor (HIF-1α), a molecule activated and expressed in situations of hypoxemia, seems to be key to enabling a variety of pathophysiological mechanisms that are becoming increasingly better recognized. These mechanisms appear to be operationally involved via alterations in different cellular functions (mainly involving the immune system) and molecular functions, and by inducing modifications in the microbiome. This, in turn, may individually or collectively increase the risk of cancer, which is then, further modulated by the genetic susceptibility of the individual. Here, we provide an updated and brief review of the different pathophysiological pathways that have been identified and could explain the relationship between OSA and cancer. We also identify future challenges that need to be overcome in this intriguing field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sánchez-de-la-Torre
- Group of Precision Medicine in Chronic Diseases, Respiratory Department, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa María, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Cubillos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Group of Respiratory Diseases, Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivia J. Veatch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Francisco Garcia-Rio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Group of Respiratory Diseases, Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health and Child Health Research Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Miguel Angel Martinez-Garcia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Respiratory Department, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Pneumology Department, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, 46012 Valencia, Spain
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Cubillos C, Gómez-Sebastian S, Moreno N, Nuñez MC, Mulumba-Mfumu LK, Quembo CJ, Heath L, Etter EMC, Jori F, Escribano JM, Blanco E. African swine fever virus serodiagnosis: a general review with a focus on the analyses of African serum samples. Virus Res 2012; 173:159-67. [PMID: 23131491 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious disease that causes heavy mortality in domestic pigs. At present there is no vaccine against ASF, and eradication in countries where the disease is endemic is based only on competent diagnosis programs and the sacrifice of infected animals. Due to the presence of natural attenuated strains, certain infection conditions may result in reduced mortality. In these situations, the disease can be diagnosed by detection of specific antibodies. The use of classical and validated diagnosis assays, such as ELISA and Indirect Immunofluorescence or Immunoblotting, allowed the eradication of ASF in the Iberian Peninsula in the 1990s. However, given that conventional tests include the use of antigens obtained from ASF virus (ASFV)-infected cells, they have several disadvantages, such as difficulties to achieve standardization and also the risks associated with the manipulation of live virus. Such drawbacks have led to the development of alternative and more robust systems for the production of ASFV antigens for use in anti-ASFV antibody detection systems. In the present review, we provide an update on current knowledge about antigen targets for ASFV serodiagnosis, the significant progress made in recombinant antigen production, and the refinement of ASF serological diagnostic assays. Moreover, we describe the accuracy of an ELISA developed for the serodiagnosis of ASFV in Africa. This assay is based on a novel p30 recombinant protein (p30r) obtained from an Eastern African viral isolate (Morara strain), which shares 100% amino acid sequence identity with the Georgia virus isolate. That study included the analyses of 587 field sera collected from domestic pigs and warthogs in Senegal (West Africa), the Democratic Republic of Congo (Central Africa), Mozambique (South-East Africa), and South Africa. The results revealed that the novel p30r-based ELISA allows the accurate detection of antibodies against ASFV, independently of the geographical origin of the sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cubillos
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, INIA, Valdeolmos 28130 Madrid, Spain
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