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Liu X, He M, Li Y. Adult obesity diagnostic tool: A narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37946. [PMID: 38669386 PMCID: PMC11049696 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex chronic metabolic disorder characterized by abnormalities in lipid metabolism. Obesity is not only associated with various chronic diseases but also has negative effects on physiological functions such as the cardiovascular, endocrine and immune systems. As a global health problem, the incidence and prevalence of obesity have increased significantly in recent years. Therefore, understanding assessment methods and measurement indicators for obesity is critical for early screening and effective disease control. Current methods for measuring obesity in adult include density calculation, anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance analysis, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computerized imaging, etc. Measurement indicators mainly include weight, hip circumference, waist circumference, neck circumference, skinfold thickness, etc. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature to date, summarizes and analyzes various assessment methods and measurement indicators for adult obesity, and provides insights and guidance for the innovation of obesity assessment indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liu
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- School of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- Rehabilitation College, Guilin Life and Health Career Technical College, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Mengxiao He
- School of Physical Education and Health, Guilin University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Physical Education and Health, Guilin University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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Pontes-Silva A, Lopes AL, Maciel EDS, Quaresma FRP, Dibai-Filho AV. Human metabolism and body composition: prospects for novel studies. Nutr Rev 2023; 82:5-8. [PMID: 38073333 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Most articles on gut microbiota argue the importance of body composition assessment in patients; however, body composition assessments are fragile (ie, with methodological limitations) in the most recent studies. OBJECTIVE To present two suggestions for further research using the human body composition assessment. METHODS The methods used in this study are based on a Pinto et al article published in Nutrition Reviews. DATA EXTRACTION On the basis of data. obtained from the PubMed, SCOPUS, LILACS, and Web of Science databases, Pinto et al provided a current survey of intermittent fasting protocols and an understanding of the outcomes to date in terms of the profile of the intestinal microbiota in obese organisms. DATA ANALYSIS Of the 82 original articles identified from the databases, 35 were eliminated because of duplication and 32 were excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria. Two additional articles found in a new search were added, yielding a total of 17 studies to be included in this review. Among the protocols, alternate-day fasting and time-restricted feeding were the most common, and they were shown to have different mechanisms of metabolic signaling. Time-restricted feeding influences body mass control and biochemical parameters by regulating the circadian system and improving satiety control systems by acting on leptin secretion. In contrast, alternate-day fasting leads to a reduction of ±75% of all energy consumption regardless of dietary composition, in addition to promoting hormonal adjustments that promote body mass control. Furthermore, both protocols could remodel the intestinal microbiota by changing the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and increasing the abundance of strains such as Lactobacillus spp. and Akkermansia that have a protective effect on metabolism against the effects of body mass gain. CONCLUSION Changes in adipose tissue (eg, body mass loss, control, gain) should be interpreted via the sum of skinfolds in absolute values, waist perimeter, and patients' body proportionality, because fat is just a fraction of the adipocyte (lipid).
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Affiliation(s)
- André Pontes-Silva
- is with the Physical Therapy Post-Graduate Program, Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Lopes
- is with the Human Movement Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Erika da Silva Maciel
- are with the Sciences and Health Teaching Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil
| | | | - Almir Vieira Dibai-Filho
- is with the Physical Education Post-Graduate Program, Physical Education Department, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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Ismaiel A, Hosiny BE, Ismaiel M, Leucuta DC, Popa SL, Catana CS, Dumitrascu DL. Waist to height ratio in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease - Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2023; 47:102160. [PMID: 37321322 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Current nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) guidelines do not provide any recommendations regarding the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), a simple obesity metric calculated by dividing waist circumference by height. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to evaluate WHtR in NAFLD. METHODS We performed a systematic electronic search on PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, identifying observational studies assessing WHtR in NAFLD. QUADAS-2 tool was used to evaluate the quality of included studies. The two main statistical outcomes were the area under the curve (AUC) and the mean difference (MD). RESULTS We included a total of 27 studies in our quantitative and qualitative synthesis, with a total population of 93,536 individuals. WHtR was significantly higher in NAFLD patients compared to controls with an MD of 0.073 (95% CI 0.058 - 0.088). This was also confirmed after conducting a subgroup analysis according to the hepatic steatosis diagnosis method, for ultrasound (MD 0.066 [96% CI 0.051 - 0.081]) and transient elastography (MD 0.074 [96% CI 0.053 - 0.094]). Moreover, NAFLD male patients presented significantly lower WHtR compared to female patients (MD -0.022 [95% CI -0.041 - -0.004]). The AUC of WHtR for predicting NAFLD was 0.815 (95% CI 0.780 - 0.849). CONCLUSIONS WHtR is considerably higher in NAFLD patients compared to controls. Female NAFLD patients present higher WHtR compared to NAFLD male patients. In comparison to other presently suggested scores and markers, the WHtR's accuracy in predicting NAFLD is considered acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Ismaiel
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Blal El Hosiny
- Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mohamed Ismaiel
- Cardiothoracic Surgery department, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel-Corneliu Leucuta
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Stefan-Lucian Popa
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Sorina Catana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan L Dumitrascu
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Bajpai A. Waist-to-Height Ratio-The New Body Mass Index? Indian J Pediatr 2022; 89:849-850. [PMID: 35583630 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Bajpai
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Regency Center for Diabetes Endocrinology & Research, Regency City Clinic, Opposite PPN Market, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208001, India.
- Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
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Bonilla DA, Duque-Zuluaga LT, Muñoz-Urrego LP, Moreno Y, Vélez-Gutiérrez JM, Franco-Hoyos K, Agudelo-Martínez A, Humeres G, Kreider RB, Petro JL. Development and Validation of Waist Girth-Based Equations to Evaluate Body Composition in Colombian Adults: Rationale and STROBE-Nut-Based Protocol of the F20 Project. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10690. [PMID: 36078407 PMCID: PMC9518435 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Waist girth (WG) represents a quick, simple, and inexpensive tool that correlates with excess of fat mass in humans; however, this measurement does not provide information on body composition. The evaluation of body composition is one of the main components in the assessment of nutritional status. Indeed, the use of anthropometry-based equations to estimate body fat and fat-free mass is a frequent strategy. Considering the lack of validation in the Colombian population, the aim of this research study (the F20 Project) is to externally validate WG-based equations (e.g., relative fat mass), and also to develop and validate new models that include WG to estimate body composition in Colombian adults compared to DXA. This cross-sectional study will be carried out following the guidelines for Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-Nutritional Epidemiology (STROBE-nut). Using stratified probabilistic sampling, the study population will be adults with different levels of physical activity residing in Medellín and its metropolitan area. The results of this study will not only validate the estimation performance of the current WG-based equations, but they will also develop new equations to estimate body composition in the Colombian population. This will improve professional practice in health, exercise, and sports sciences (ClinicalTrials.gov ID #NCT05450588).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellin 050021, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Monteria 230002, Colombia
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Leidy T. Duque-Zuluaga
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellin 050021, Colombia
| | - Laura P. Muñoz-Urrego
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellin 050021, Colombia
| | - Yurany Moreno
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
| | - Jorge M. Vélez-Gutiérrez
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- ARTHROS Centro de Fisioterapia y Ejercicio, Medellin 050012, Colombia
| | - Katherine Franco-Hoyos
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellin 050021, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Agudelo-Martínez
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellin 050021, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Humeres
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Instituto de Ciencias de Rehabilitación y el Movimiento (ICRM), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Monteria 230002, Colombia
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