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Liu S, Guo T, Hu J, Huang W, She P, Wu Y. HIV-1-related factors interact with p53 to influence cellular processes. AIDS Res Ther 2023; 20:66. [PMID: 37691100 PMCID: PMC10493029 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-023-00563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the primary epidemic strain in China. Its genome contains two regulatory genes (tat and rev), three structural genes (gag, pol, and env), and four accessory genes (nef, vpr, vpu, and vif). Long terminal repeats (LTRs) in thegenome regulate integration, duplication, and expression of viral gene. The permissibility of HIV-1 infection hinges on the host cell cycle status. HIV-1 replicates by exploiting various cellular processes via upregulation or downregulation of specific cellular proteins that also control viral pathogenesis. For example, HIV-1 regulates the life cycle of p53, which in turn contributes significantly to HIV-1 pathogenesis. In this article, we review the interaction between HIV-1-associated factors and p53, providing information on their regulatory and molecular mechanisms, hinting possible directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanling Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, 311 Yingpan Road, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, 311 Yingpan Road, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Jinwei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, 311 Yingpan Road, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, 311 Yingpan Road, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei She
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, 311 Yingpan Road, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China.
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Tugizov SM. Molecular Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Disease of Oropharyngeal Mucosal Epithelium. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1444. [PMID: 37239115 PMCID: PMC10216750 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The oropharyngeal mucosal epithelia have a polarized organization, which is critical for maintaining a highly efficient barrier as well as innate immune functions. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) disease, the barrier and innate immune functions of the oral mucosa are impaired via a number of mechanisms. The goal of this review was to discuss the molecular mechanisms of HIV/AIDS-associated changes in the oropharyngeal mucosa and their role in promoting HIV transmission and disease pathogenesis, notably the development of opportunistic infections, including human cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and Epstein-Barr virus. In addition, the significance of adult and newborn/infant oral mucosa in HIV resistance and transmission was analyzed. HIV/AIDS-associated changes in the oropharyngeal mucosal epithelium and their role in promoting human papillomavirus-positive and negative neoplastic malignancy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharof M Tugizov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Ngokwe ZB, Ntep David Bienvenue N, Azicha Shannen A, Stephane NK, Siafa Antoine B, Zacharie S. Treatment of an oral malignant lesion following mucosal insult; a case report. ADVANCES IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adoms.2023.100426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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Lien K, Mayer W, Herrera R, Padilla NT, Cai X, Lin V, Pholcharoenchit R, Palefsky J, Tugizov SM. HIV-1 Proteins gp120 and Tat Promote Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Invasiveness of HPV-Positive and HPV-Negative Neoplastic Genital and Oral Epithelial Cells. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0362222. [PMID: 36314970 PMCID: PMC9770004 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03622-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated anogenital and oropharyngeal cancer in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals is substantially higher than in HIV-uninfected individuals. HIV may also be a risk factor for the development of HPV-negative head and neck, liver, lung, and kidney cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HIV-1-associated increase of epithelial malignancies are not fully understood. Here, we showed that HPV-16-immortalized anal AKC-2 and cervical CaSki epithelial cells that undergo prolonged exposure to cell-free HIV-1 virions or HIV-1 viral proteins gp120 and tat respond with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increased invasiveness. Similar responses were observed in HPV-16-infected SCC-47 and HPV-16-negative HSC-3 oral epithelial cancer cells that were cultured with these viral proteins. EMT induced by gp120 and tat led to detachment of poorly adherent cells from the culture substratum; these cells remained capable of reattachment, upon which they coexpressed both E-cadherin and vimentin, indicative of an intermediate stage of EMT. The reattached cells also expressed stem cell markers CD133 and CD44, which may play a critical role in cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Inhibition of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and MAPK signaling and vimentin expression, and restoration of E-cadherin expression reduced HIV-induced EMT and the invasive activity of HPV-16-immortalized anal and cervical epithelial cells. Collectively, our results suggest that these approaches along with HIV viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART) might be useful to limit the role of HIV-1 infection in the acceleration of HPV-associated or HPV-independent epithelial neoplasia. IMPORTANCE HPV-16-immortalized genital and oral epithelial cells and HPV-negative oral cancer cells that undergo prolonged contact with cell-free HIV-1 virions or with viral proteins gp120 and tat respond by becoming more invasive. EMT cells induced by HIV-1 in cultures of HPV-16-immortalized anal and cervical epithelial cells express the stem cell markers CD133 and CD44. These results suggest that the interaction of HIV-1 with neoplastic epithelial cells may lead to their de-differentiation into cancer stem cells that are resistant to apoptosis and anti-cancer drugs. Thus, this pathway may play a critical role in the development of invasive cancer. Inhibition of TGF-β1 and MAPK signaling and vimentin expression, and restoration of E-cadherin expression reduced HIV-induced EMT and the invasiveness of HPV-16-immortalized anal and cervical epithelial cells. Taken together, these results suggest that these approaches might be exploited to limit the role of HIV-1 infection in the acceleration of HPV-associated or HPV-independent epithelial neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Lien
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wasima Mayer
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rossana Herrera
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicole T. Padilla
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xiaodan Cai
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Vicky Lin
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Joel Palefsky
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sharof M. Tugizov
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Weinreb SF, Piersiala K, Dhar SI, Hillel AT, Akst L, Best SRA. Impact of human immunodeficiency virus status on laryngeal cancer survival and locoregional control. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2022; 7:153-160. [PMID: 35155793 PMCID: PMC8823145 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare long-term outcomes of laryngeal cancer (LC) in people living with HIV (PLWH) versus uninfected individuals and determine how clinical and viral factors-such as demographics, cancer stage, HIV viral load, and CD4 nadir-contribute to these outcomes. METHODS This was a retrospective case-control study of 749 patients seen for LC at a single tertiary care center between 2003 and 2017. Of these, 22 had HIV at the time of LC diagnosis, and they were matched in a 1:4 ratio to uninfected controls based on sex, presence of smoking history, and age at cancer diagnosis. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to identify overall and disease-free survival differences based on HIV status, as well as other clinical and viral factors. RESULTS Compared to all uninfected individuals, PLWH were diagnosed with LC approximately 6 years younger (p = .013). 1-, 2-, and 5-year overall survival for PLWH were 86.4% (63.4%-95.4%), 77.3% (53.7%-89.9%), and 65.8% (40.8%-82.2%), respectively following LC diagnosis, and HIV was not significantly associated with overall (HR = 3.34 [0.59-18.79]) or disease-free survival (HR = 2.12 [0.71-6.36]). The incidence rate of locoregional recurrence among PLWH was 541 compared to 371 per 10,000 person-years in controls, which were not significantly different (p = .420). Furthermore, among PLWH, peak viral load and CD4 nadir were not associated with overall or disease-free survival. CONCLUSION While previous work has shown that HIV is associated with elevated risk of LC, survival did not differ significantly between PLWH and uninfected individuals in this study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Franklin Weinreb
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Krzysztof Piersiala
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention, and TechnologyKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Shumon Ian Dhar
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Alexander T. Hillel
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Lee Akst
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Simon R. A. Best
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Haigentz M, Moore P, Bimali M, Cooley T, Sparano J, Rudek M, Ratner L, Henry D, Ramos J, Deeken J, Rubinstein P, Chiao E. OUP accepted manuscript. Oncologist 2022; 27:623-e624. [PMID: 35429391 PMCID: PMC9355812 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus are an underserved population for evidence-based cancer treatment. Paclitaxel and carboplatin (PCb) is an active regimen against a variety of solid tumors, including several seen in excess in patients with HIV infection. We performed a pilot trial to evaluate the safety of full-dose PCb in people living with human immunodeficiency virus and cancer. Methods Eligible patients, stratified by concurrent antiretroviral therapy (ART) that included CYP3A4 inhibitors or not, received paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) in combination with carboplatin (target AUC 6) intravenously every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles. Results Sixteen evaluable patients received 64 cycles of PCb, including 6 patients treated with CYP3A4 inhibiting ART (ritonavir). The adverse event profile was consistent with the known toxicity profile of PCb, with no differences between the 2 strata. There were 4 partial responses (25%, 95% CI: 7%-52%), and overall, CD4+ lymphocyte count was similar after completion of therapy (median: 310/μL) compared with baseline values (median: 389/μL). Pharmacokinetic studies in 6 patients revealed no significant differences in Cmax or AUCinf for paclitaxel between the 2 cohorts. Conclusion Full doses of PCb chemotherapy are tolerable when given concurrently with ART in people living with human immunodeficiency virus with cancer, including patients receiving CYP3A4 inhibitors. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01249443.
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Affiliation(s)
- Missak Haigentz
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Milan Bimali
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AK, USA
| | | | | | - Michelle Rudek
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lee Ratner
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David Henry
- Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juan Ramos
- University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - John Deeken
- Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Paul Rubinstein
- John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Chiao
- Corresponding author: Elizabeth Chiao, MD, MPH, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1155 Pressler Street, Unit 1340, Houston, TX, USA. Tel: +1 713 792 1480;
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de Lima MAP, Silva ÁDL, do Nascimento Filho ACS, Cordeiro TL, Bezerra JPDS, Rocha MAB, Pinheiro SDFL, Pinheiro Junior RFF, Gadelha MDSV, da Silva CGL. Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Carcinoma of the Larynx: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111429. [PMID: 34832585 PMCID: PMC8618428 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, several publications have investigated the role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, and an increasing number of them have shown its presence in laryngeal tumors. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association of EBV with laryngeal carcinoma. The search was carried out in two databases, Scopus and PubMed, using the following terms: “Epstein-Barr virus” and “laryngeal carcinoma”. A total of 187 records were found, of which 31 were selected for meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The meta-analysis yielded an overall pooled prevalence of 43.72% (95% confidence interval (CI): 34.35–53.08). Studies carried out in Europe and Eurasia had slightly higher pooled prevalence than other subgroups, while the prevalence of studies performed in developed countries was higher than in developing countries (46.37% vs. 34.02%). Furthermore, laryngeal carcinoma occurred almost three times as often among EBV-infected individuals compared to those without EBV infection (odds ratio = 2.86 (95% CI: 1.18–6.90); Begg’s test, p = 0.843 and Egger’s test, p = 0.866). Our findings support the idea that EBV is related to laryngeal carcinoma. However, further studies are needed before recognizing a definitive etiological role of EBV in the development and/or progression of laryngeal carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Antonio Pereira de Lima
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Cariri, UFCA, Barbalha 63180-000, Ceará, Brazil; (Á.D.L.S.); (A.C.S.d.N.F.); (T.L.C.); (J.P.d.S.B.); (M.A.B.R.); (S.d.F.L.P.); (R.F.F.P.J.); (M.d.S.V.G.); (C.G.L.d.S.)
- Ceará Cancer Institute, ICC, Fortaleza 60430-230, Ceará, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-88-3221-9600
| | - Álife Diêgo Lima Silva
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Cariri, UFCA, Barbalha 63180-000, Ceará, Brazil; (Á.D.L.S.); (A.C.S.d.N.F.); (T.L.C.); (J.P.d.S.B.); (M.A.B.R.); (S.d.F.L.P.); (R.F.F.P.J.); (M.d.S.V.G.); (C.G.L.d.S.)
| | - Antônio Carlos Silva do Nascimento Filho
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Cariri, UFCA, Barbalha 63180-000, Ceará, Brazil; (Á.D.L.S.); (A.C.S.d.N.F.); (T.L.C.); (J.P.d.S.B.); (M.A.B.R.); (S.d.F.L.P.); (R.F.F.P.J.); (M.d.S.V.G.); (C.G.L.d.S.)
| | - Thiago Lima Cordeiro
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Cariri, UFCA, Barbalha 63180-000, Ceará, Brazil; (Á.D.L.S.); (A.C.S.d.N.F.); (T.L.C.); (J.P.d.S.B.); (M.A.B.R.); (S.d.F.L.P.); (R.F.F.P.J.); (M.d.S.V.G.); (C.G.L.d.S.)
| | - João Pedro de Souza Bezerra
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Cariri, UFCA, Barbalha 63180-000, Ceará, Brazil; (Á.D.L.S.); (A.C.S.d.N.F.); (T.L.C.); (J.P.d.S.B.); (M.A.B.R.); (S.d.F.L.P.); (R.F.F.P.J.); (M.d.S.V.G.); (C.G.L.d.S.)
| | - Maria Aline Barroso Rocha
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Cariri, UFCA, Barbalha 63180-000, Ceará, Brazil; (Á.D.L.S.); (A.C.S.d.N.F.); (T.L.C.); (J.P.d.S.B.); (M.A.B.R.); (S.d.F.L.P.); (R.F.F.P.J.); (M.d.S.V.G.); (C.G.L.d.S.)
| | - Sally de França Lacerda Pinheiro
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Cariri, UFCA, Barbalha 63180-000, Ceará, Brazil; (Á.D.L.S.); (A.C.S.d.N.F.); (T.L.C.); (J.P.d.S.B.); (M.A.B.R.); (S.d.F.L.P.); (R.F.F.P.J.); (M.d.S.V.G.); (C.G.L.d.S.)
| | - Roberto Flávio Fontenelle Pinheiro Junior
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Cariri, UFCA, Barbalha 63180-000, Ceará, Brazil; (Á.D.L.S.); (A.C.S.d.N.F.); (T.L.C.); (J.P.d.S.B.); (M.A.B.R.); (S.d.F.L.P.); (R.F.F.P.J.); (M.d.S.V.G.); (C.G.L.d.S.)
| | - Maria do Socorro Vieira Gadelha
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Cariri, UFCA, Barbalha 63180-000, Ceará, Brazil; (Á.D.L.S.); (A.C.S.d.N.F.); (T.L.C.); (J.P.d.S.B.); (M.A.B.R.); (S.d.F.L.P.); (R.F.F.P.J.); (M.d.S.V.G.); (C.G.L.d.S.)
| | - Cláudio Gleidiston Lima da Silva
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Cariri, UFCA, Barbalha 63180-000, Ceará, Brazil; (Á.D.L.S.); (A.C.S.d.N.F.); (T.L.C.); (J.P.d.S.B.); (M.A.B.R.); (S.d.F.L.P.); (R.F.F.P.J.); (M.d.S.V.G.); (C.G.L.d.S.)
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Karlik E, Gurbuz O, Yildiz Y, Gozukirmizi N. Endogenous retrovirus HERV-K6 and HERV-K11 polymorphisms’ analyses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Effects of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection on the Risk and Prognosis of Primary Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study in Taiwan. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071741. [PMID: 33917480 PMCID: PMC8038767 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting molecular evidence supports Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) involvement in the pathogenesis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC); however, the epidemiological data are inconsistent. In this retrospective case-control study, we aimed to determine whether EBV infection underlies the risk and prognosis of LSCC. The prevalence of EBV infection, as analyzed using an EBV DNA polymerase chain reaction assay, was significantly higher in 42 Taiwanese patients with newly diagnosed primary LSCC, compared to 39 age- and sex-matched control patients without cancer (48% vs. 19%). Furthermore, most of the EBER signals detected using in situ hybridization were localized to the nuclei of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. In multivariate analysis, EBV DNA positivity, age ≥ 55 years, cigarette smoking, and high BCL-2, B2M, and CD161 expression (assessed using immunohistochemistry) were identified as independent risk factors for LSCC. Furthermore, five-year local recurrence and disease-free survival rates were 34% and 58%, respectively, with a high EBER signal and low CD3 expression independently predicting five-year local recurrence and disease-free survival. Our comprehensive profiling data accurately identified patients at risk for LSCC development, local recurrence, or disease-free survival. The information obtained in this study improves our understanding of EBV infection in LSCC, and may guide precision medicine for patients with LSCC.
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Haase K, Piwonski I, Stromberger C, Thieme N, Heiland M, Beck-Broichsitter B, Hofmann VM, Kofla G, Sander S, Keilholz U, Neumann K, Stölzel K, Olze H, Arens P, Dommerich S, Coordes A. Incidence and survival of HNSCC patients living with HIV compared with HIV-negative HNSCC patients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 278:3941-3953. [PMID: 33492419 PMCID: PMC8382606 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim was to analyze the incidence and survival of patients living with HIV (PLWH) with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and to compare with a control group of HIV-negative HNSCC patients. Methods Clinicopathological data and predictors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were investigated (2009–2019). Results 50 of 5151 HNSCC patients (0.97%) were PLWH, and 76% were smokers. Age ≤ 60 years, HIV-PCR ≤ 50 copies, CD4 cells ≤ 200/mm3, cART treatment, T and UICC classification, oral cavity and nasal/paranasal sinuses, and therapy were significantly associated with OS in univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, only age and HIV-PCR independently predicted OS. The OS of the 50 PLWH was not significantly altered compared with the 5101 HIV-negative controls. However, OS and DFS were significantly inferior in advanced tumor stages of PLWH compared with an age-matched control group of 150 HIV-negative patients. Conclusions PLWH were diagnosed with HNSCC at a significantly younger age compared to HIV-negative patients. Taking into account patient age at initial diagnosis, both OS and DFS rates in PLWH are significantly worse compared with a matched control group of HIV-negative patients in advanced tumor stages UICC III/IV. The prognosis (OS) is improved when taking cART treatment, the HIV viral load is undetectable and CD4 count is high. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00405-020-06573-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Haase
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Iris Piwonski
- Department of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Stromberger
- Department of Radiooncology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Thieme
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Heiland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedicta Beck-Broichsitter
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Veit M Hofmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Kofla
- Department of Oncology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Sander
- Clinical Cancer Registry, Charité Comprehensive Center (CCCC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ullrich Keilholz
- Department of Oncology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konrad Neumann
- Institute for Biometrics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Stölzel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heidi Olze
- Department of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Arens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Dommerich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annekatrin Coordes
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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Human Papillomavirus in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010045. [PMID: 33561073 PMCID: PMC7796014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The causative role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) remains unclear and is hindered by small studies using variable HPV detection techniques. This meta-analysis aims to provide an updated overview of HPV prevalence in SNSCC stratified by detection method, anatomic subsite, and geographic region. From 60 eligible studies, an overall HPV prevalence was estimated at 26%. When stratified by detection method, HPV prevalence was lower when using multiple substrate testing compared to single substrate testing. Anatomic subsite HPV prevalence was higher in subsites with high exposure to secretion flow compared to low exposure subsites. HPV prevalence in SNSCC followed the global distribution of HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Taken together, this meta-analysis further supports a role for HPV in a subset of SNSCCs. Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) drives tumorigenesis in a subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) and is increasing in prevalence across the world. Mounting evidence suggests HPV is also involved in a subset of sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas (SNSCC), yet small sample sizes and variability of HPV detection techniques in existing literature hinder definitive conclusions. A systematic review was performed by searching literature through March 29th 2020 using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection databases. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed by two authors independently. A meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model. Sixty studies (n = 1449) were eligible for statistical analysis estimating an overall HPV prevalence of 25.5% (95% CI 20.7–31.0). When stratified by HPV detection method, prevalence with multiple substrate testing (20.5%, 95% CI 14.5–28.2) was lower than with single substrate testing (31.7%, 95% CI 23.6–41.1), highest in high-exposure anatomic subsites (nasal cavity and ethmoids) (37.6%, 95% CI 26.5–50.2) vs. low-exposure (15.1%, 95% CI 7.3–28.6) and highest in high HPV+ OPSCC prevalence geographic regions (North America) (30.9%, 95% CI 21.9–41.5) vs. low (Africa) (13.1, 95% CI 6.5–24.5)). While small sample sizes and variability in data cloud firm conclusions, here, we provide a new reference point prevalence for HPV in SNSCC along with orthogonal data supporting a causative role for virally driven tumorigenesis, including that HPV is more commonly found in sinonasal subsites with increased exposure to refluxed oropharyngeal secretions and in geographic regions where HPV+ OPSCC is more prevalent.
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12
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Pevzner AM, Tsyganov MM, Ibragimova MK, Litvyakov NV. [Viral co-infection with head and neck tumors]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2020; 85:67-72. [PMID: 32476395 DOI: 10.17116/otorino20208502167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The review is devoted to assessing the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in combination with other viral agents for head and neck tumors (HNT). HPV is recognized as an etiological factor in the development of cervical cancer, but there is evidence that it may be involved in carcinogenesis in other locations, in particular the upper respiratory tract. However, HPV is not the most important factor in tumor growth and progression. Recently, many researchers have reported the presence of concomitant co-infection, affecting tumor progression. Of all the studies analyzed, only 3 studies showed the absence or low rates of co-infection in HNT: from the Czech Republic (0%), China (0.6%) and Japan (3%). Most often, HPV infection was detected together with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) - from 12.5 to 34.1% of cases. In Russia, the prevailing combination of viral co-infection was a combination of EBV and cytomegalovirus (9.5%) and a combination of EBV and herpes simplex virus (6.7%). Thus, the degree of incidence of HPV in HNT varies greatly, and the mechanisms of coinfection are poorly understood, which raises the question of whether HPV and concomitant infection can be involved in tumor progression. This makes further research in this direction relevant and promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Pevzner
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Oncology Research Institute, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M M Tsyganov
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Oncology Research Institute, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M K Ibragimova
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Oncology Research Institute, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N V Litvyakov
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Oncology Research Institute, Tomsk, Russia
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13
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Human immunodeficiency disease in new diagnoses of head and neck squamous cell cancer: are we testing? The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2019; 133:1038-1040. [PMID: 31708001 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215119002019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus infected patients have a three-fold increased risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The British HIV Association recommends human immunodeficiency virus testing in all new diagnoses of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. OBJECTIVES This observational study aimed to examine the current routine practice of human immunodeficiency virus testing in patients with newly diagnosed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and to address the importance of this test in promoting the early diagnosis and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus. METHODS All head and neck cancer multidisciplinary teams in England were questioned on their protocol for human immunodeficiency virus testing in new diagnoses of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. RESULTS Only 1 out of 30 hospitals leading head and neck multidisciplinary teams (3.3 per cent) routinely offered human immunodeficiency virus testing in this high-risk patient group. CONCLUSION This observational study highlights that head and neck specialists are not aware of, and are consequently not complying with, routine human immunodeficiency virus testing as recommended by the British HIV Association guidelines.
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14
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Kuno H, Garg N, Qureshi MM, Chapman MN, Li B, Meibom SK, Truong MT, Takumi K, Sakai O. CT Texture Analysis of Cervical Lymph Nodes on Contrast-Enhanced [ 18F] FDG-PET/CT Images to Differentiate Nodal Metastases from Reactive Lymphadenopathy in HIV-Positive Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:543-550. [PMID: 30792253 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Differentiating nodal metastases from reactive adenopathy in HIV-infected patients with [18F] FDG-PET/CT can be challenging because lymph nodes in HIV-positive patients often show increased [18F] FDG uptake. The purpose of this study was to assess CT textural analysis characteristics of HIV-positive and HIV-negative lymph nodes on [18F] FDG-PET/CT to differentiate nodal metastases from disease-specific nodal reactivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine HIV-positive patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (7 men, 2 women; 29-62 years of age; median age, 48 years) with 22 lymph nodes (≥1 cm) who underwent contrast-enhanced CT with [18F] FDG-PET followed by pathologic evaluation of cervical lymph nodes were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-six HIV-negative patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with 61 lymph nodes were evaluated as a control group. Each lymph node was manually segmented, and an in-house-developed Matlab-based texture analysis program extracted 41 texture features from each segmented volume. A mixed linear regression model was used to compare the pathologically proved malignant lymph nodes with benign nodes in the 2 enrolled groups. RESULTS Thirteen (59%) lymph nodes in the HIV-positive group and 22 (36%) lymph nodes in the HIV-negative control group were confirmed as positive for metastases. There were 7 histogram features (P = .017-0.032), 3 gray-level co-occurrence features (P = .009-.025), and 9 gray-level run-length features (P < .001-.033) that demonstrated a significant difference in HIV-positive patients with either benign or malignant lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS CT texture analysis may be useful as a noninvasive method of obtaining additional quantitative information to differentiate nodal metastases from disease-specific nodal reactivity in HIV-positive patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kuno
- From the Departments of Radiology (H.K., N.G., M.M.Q., M.N.C., B.L., S.K.M., M.T.T., K.T., O.S.).,Department of Diagnostic Radiology (H.K.), National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - N Garg
- From the Departments of Radiology (H.K., N.G., M.M.Q., M.N.C., B.L., S.K.M., M.T.T., K.T., O.S.)
| | - M M Qureshi
- From the Departments of Radiology (H.K., N.G., M.M.Q., M.N.C., B.L., S.K.M., M.T.T., K.T., O.S.).,Radiation Oncology (M.M.Q., M.T.T., O.S.)
| | - M N Chapman
- From the Departments of Radiology (H.K., N.G., M.M.Q., M.N.C., B.L., S.K.M., M.T.T., K.T., O.S.)
| | - B Li
- From the Departments of Radiology (H.K., N.G., M.M.Q., M.N.C., B.L., S.K.M., M.T.T., K.T., O.S.)
| | - S K Meibom
- From the Departments of Radiology (H.K., N.G., M.M.Q., M.N.C., B.L., S.K.M., M.T.T., K.T., O.S.)
| | - M T Truong
- From the Departments of Radiology (H.K., N.G., M.M.Q., M.N.C., B.L., S.K.M., M.T.T., K.T., O.S.).,Radiation Oncology (M.M.Q., M.T.T., O.S.)
| | - K Takumi
- From the Departments of Radiology (H.K., N.G., M.M.Q., M.N.C., B.L., S.K.M., M.T.T., K.T., O.S.).,Department of Radiology (K.T.), Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - O Sakai
- From the Departments of Radiology (H.K., N.G., M.M.Q., M.N.C., B.L., S.K.M., M.T.T., K.T., O.S.) .,Radiation Oncology (M.M.Q., M.T.T., O.S.).,Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (O.S.), Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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15
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Abstract
Since their discovery as the etiologic agents of cervical cancer in the mid-1970s, human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been linked with a growing number of epithelial-derived tumors, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. HPV demonstrates a particular predilection for causing tumors of the oropharynx, with the majority of cases involving infection with high-oncogenic risk HPV-16. People living with HIV are at increased risk of infection with HPV- and HPV-related oral complications even with adequate control of their HIV infection with antiretroviral therapy. In this chapter, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that underlie HPV-mediated oncogenesis in the oropharynx. We also describe the progress that has been made in understanding the epidemiology of oral HPV infection and the determinants of oral HPV-related pathology. Finally, we examine what can be done to treat and prevent oral HPV infection, benign lesions, and cancer, particularly in the context of the HIV-positive patient.
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16
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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in people living with HIV in France. Med Mal Infect 2018; 48:503-508. [PMID: 29887186 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), mainly due to smoking, is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths. However, an increasing number of tumors - especially oropharyngeal cancer - are reported in non-smokers in association with the human papillomavirus (HPV). As HIV-infected individuals are particularly at risk of HPV-related disease, we aimed to describe the burden of HNSCC in this population. METHODS Retrospective chart review of patients from HIV clinics diagnosed with HNSCC between 2004 and 2014. Case patients were defined using the International Classification of Disease for Oncology (3rd edition). Age at HIV diagnosis and time from HIV diagnosis to HNSCC diagnosis were collected. Oropharyngeal cancers were considered as potentially HPV-related cancers, and their prevalence was compared with other HNSCCs over time. RESULTS The 286 patients enrolled in the study had a median age at HNSCC diagnosis of 52 years; 84% were males and 68% had a history of smoking. The oropharynx was the most frequent site (41%), followed by cancer of the oral cavity (31%), larynx (22%), and hypopharynx (7%). The prevalence (and proportion) of potentially HPV-related cancers increased significantly over time with a mean of 0.78 additional case patient per year. CONCLUSION The prevalence of HNSCC is modest compared with other cancers in HIV-infected individuals. The prevalence of oropharynx carcinoma, a potentially HPV-related carcinoma, seems to increase over time. Even if tobacco may be an important contributor, the role of HPV in HIV-infected individuals presenting with HNSCC should be investigated.
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17
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Abstract
Therapy with checkpoint inhibitors represents a major advance in cancer treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression patterns of the checkpoint proteins programmed death ligand 1 (PD L1), PD L2, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) in cancers including those associated with viral infections. Normal, noninflamed tissues rarely express checkpoint proteins with exceptions including the placenta and stomach. Expression of PD L1 was noted in 30%, PD L2 in 18%, IDO1 in 13%, and CTLA4 in 14% of 333 nonviral malignancies including endometrial, ovarian, lung, and breast cancers. The expression of each checkpoint protein was significantly higher among 166 cases of viral-related (mostly human papillomavirus) cancers where expression of PD L1 was noted in 84%, PD L2 in 67%, IDO1 in 61%, and CTLA4 in 37% (each P value <0.001); 97% of the viral-related cancers showed expression of at least 1 checkpoint protein. In addition, over 90% of the CD8 cells in the viral-associated cancers were quiescent based on low coexpression of Ki-67 as well as pSTAT1. It is concluded that viral infection in cancers is associated with the increased expression of key checkpoint proteins. This indicates that cancers with productive viral infection may be better targets for checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
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18
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Herpes simplex virus positive, human papillomavirus negative laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma presenting in an immunocompetent male with dysphonia. HUMAN PATHOLOGY: CASE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehpc.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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19
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Gleber-Netto FO, Zhao M, Trivedi S, Wang J, Jasser S, McDowell C, Kadara H, Zhang J, Wang J, William WN, Lee JJ, Nguyen ML, Pai SI, Walline HM, Shin DM, Ferris RL, Carey TE, Myers JN, Pickering CR. Distinct pattern of TP53 mutations in human immunodeficiency virus-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer 2017; 124:84-94. [PMID: 29053175 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals (HIVIIs) have a higher incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and clinical and histopathological differences have been observed in their tumors in comparison with those of HNSCC patients without a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The reasons for these differences are not clear, and molecular differences between HIV-related HNSCC and non-HIV-related HNSCC may exist. This study compared the mutational patterns of HIV-related HNSCC and non-HIV-related HNSCC. METHODS The DNA of 20 samples of HIV-related HNSCCs and 32 samples of non-HIV-related HNSCCs was sequenced. DNA libraries covering exons of 18 genes frequently mutated in HNSCC (AJUBA, CASP8, CCND1, CDKN2A, EGFR, FAT1, FBXW7, HLA-A, HRAS, KEAP1, NFE2L2, NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NSD1, PIK3CA, TGFBR2, TP53, and TP63) were prepared and sequenced on an Ion Personal Genome Machine sequencer. DNA sequencing data were analyzed with Ion Reporter software. The human papillomavirus (HPV) status of the tumor samples was assessed with in situ hybridization, the MassARRAY HPV multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay, and p16 immunostaining. Mutation calls were compared among the studied groups. RESULTS HIV-related HNSCC revealed a distinct pattern of mutations in comparison with non-HIV-related HNSCC. TP53 mutation frequencies were significantly lower in HIV-related HNSCC. Mutations in HIV+ patients tended to be TpC>T nucleotide changes for all mutated genes but especially for TP53. CONCLUSIONS HNSCC in HIVIIs presents a distinct pattern of genetic mutations, particularly in the TP53 gene. HIV-related HNSCC may have a distinct biology, and an effect of the HIV virus on the pathogenesis of these tumors should not be ruled out. Cancer 2018;124:84-94. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico O Gleber-Netto
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sanchit Trivedi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jiping Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Samar Jasser
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christina McDowell
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - William N William
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - J Jack Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Minh Ly Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sara I Pai
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heather M Walline
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Dong M Shin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Robert L Ferris
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas E Carey
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Curtis R Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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20
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Wang CC, Palefsky JM. Human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal cancer in the HIV-infected population. Oral Dis 2017; 22 Suppl 1:98-106. [PMID: 27109278 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted virus and an important etiologic factor in head and neck cancers. HIV-infected individuals are at increased risk of developing oropharyngeal cancers (OPC) compared with the general population. HPV-positive OPC are also increasingly a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for HIV-infected individuals in the era of effective combination antiretroviral therapy. The epidemiology and natural history of oral HPV infection have not been well established, but it appears that oral HPV infection is less common than anal infection, and more common among HIV-infected persons than the general population. Prevention of OPC is therefore increasingly important in HIV-infected individuals. Although not demonstrated in randomized controlled trials, HPV vaccination may prevent oral HPV infection as well. The focus of organized HPV cancer prevention programs should include prophylactic HPV vaccination to reduce the burden of high-risk HPV and low-risk HPV types who have not yet been exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J M Palefsky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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21
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Alves MGO, Lima Carta CF, Brandão AAH, Furtado JJD, Marcucci M, Almeida JD. Cytological and cytomorphometric evaluation of the oral mucosa in HIV-infected patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy. J Oral Pathol Med 2017; 46:840-845. [PMID: 28477349 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate HIV infection-induced alterations in the oral mucosa by comparing inflammation, cell maturation, and cytomorphometric changes in oral mucosal cells between HIV-infected patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and non-HIV-infected patients. METHODS Thirty HIV-infected patients undergoing HAART and 30 non-HIV-infected patients were studied. Four smears were obtained from the lateral border of the tongue and floor of the mouth with a cytobrush. One sample was stained by the Papanicolaou technique, and three samples were processed for Feulgen staining. Papanicolaou-stained smears were analyzed by light microscopy, and the cytoplasmic (CA) and nuclear (NA) area were measured with the Software AxioVision 4.7. RESULTS The Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed a significant difference in intermediate epithelial cell types between the HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected groups (P=.005). However, this difference was not observed for superficial epithelial cell types with (P=.672) and without a nucleus (P=.069). Comparative analysis revealed no significant difference in CA (P=.604), NA (P=.298) or NA/CA (P=.456) between the HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected groups. Keratohyalin granules were more frequent in the non-HIV-infected group (P=.0001). CONCLUSIONS The results showed alterations in cell maturation in HIV-infected patients undergoing HAART with undetectable viral load, but no morphometric changes were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Ghislaine Oliveira Alves
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Dentistry, Universidade Braz Cubas, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Celina Faig Lima Carta
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Dentistry, Universidade Braz Cubas, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Adriana Aigotti Haberbeck Brandão
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Marcucci
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heliopolis Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janete Dias Almeida
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Conjunctival squamous carcinoma in an HIV + woman: Association with high-risk human papillomavirus. HUMAN PATHOLOGY: CASE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehpc.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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23
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Alex-Okoro J, Orji FT, Umedum NG, Akpeh JO. The comparison of the pathological data of oropharyngeal masses between HIV and non-HIV patients. Acta Otolaryngol 2016; 136:969-72. [PMID: 27103220 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2016.1170878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Although this study did not show higher risk of oropharyngeal malignancy in HIV patients overall, they still had much higher prevalence of NHL as well as HL than HIV negative patients. Presence of cervical lymphadenopathy is unreliable in differentiating malignant oropharyngeal tumours from benign lymphoid hyperplasia in HIV patients. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the histology of oropharyngeal masses between HIV positive and negative patients. METHODS A retrospective review of 119 patients who underwent oropharyngeal biopsies in a tertiary institution between 2007-2014 and whose HIV status was known (HIV positives =47; negatives =72). RESULTS Malignancies occurred in 63.8% of HIV patients and 65% of the negative group (p = 0.87). While non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) constituted 40%, 27%, and 17% of malignancies in HIV patients, respectively; in the HIV-negative group, it was 53%, 13%, and 2% for SCC, NHL, and HL, respectively (p = 0.039, 0.017, and 0.035, respectively). Reactive lymphoid proliferation accounted for 82.4% of the benign masses in the HIV positive group. Malignant tumours were recorded more in younger patient in the HIV positive than the negative group (p = 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jideofor Alex-Okoro
- a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu , Enugu , Nigeria
| | - Foster T Orji
- a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu , Enugu , Nigeria
- b Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus , Enugu , Nigeria
| | - Nnaemeka G Umedum
- a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu , Enugu , Nigeria
| | - James O Akpeh
- a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu , Enugu , Nigeria
- b Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus , Enugu , Nigeria
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24
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The implication of human papilloma virus (HPV) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is well established, especially in oropharyngeal SCC. HIV patients have a higher risk of persistent HPV infection. We investigated the role of HPV in HNSCC carcinogenesis in HIV population. DESIGN Retrospective monocentric study. METHODS We studied HIV patients who presented with HNSCC between 1994 and 2014. For each patient, tumor characteristics, HIV disease, and survival information were collected. Tumor HPV testing was performed using p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC), in-situ hybridization and PCR. We assessed the percentage of HPV in this population of HIV patients with HNSCC and compared HIV disease characteristics based on HPV status. RESULTS Forty-seven patients were included: 11 women/36 men, the median age was 50 years. Tumor HPV testing was performed in 40 patients. Tumors were located in oropharynx (32%), oral cavity (32%), larynx (21%), and hypopharynx (11%). At the time of diagnosis, median CD4 level was 385 cells/μl, 31% of the patients were stage (Centers for Disease Control, stage C). The percentage of HPV linked to HNSCC for all locations in HIV patients was 30% (n = 12). HPV16 accounted for 50% of all HPV genotypes. HPV positive status was associated with a CD4 nadir of less than 200 (P = 0.026), but not with CD4 level at time of diagnosis (P = 0.414). HPV-negative tumors tend to be associated with poorer 5-year overall survival (hazard ratio = 2.9, P = 0.0711). CONCLUSION HPV plays a critical role in HNSCC development in HIV population. HIV immunodeficiency may increase HPV persistence and progression of HNSCC.
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Kahn JA, Rudy BJ, Xu J, Kapogiannis B, Secord E, Gillison M. Prevalence and risk factors for oral DNA tumor viruses in HIV-infected youth. J Med Virol 2016; 88:1944-52. [PMID: 27096166 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) may promote oral cancers, especially among immunosuppressed individuals. The aims of this study were to examine whether demographic characteristics, medical history, sexual behaviors, substance use, CD4+ T-cell count, HIV viral load, and HPV vaccination were associated with HPV, EBV, and KSHV infection and viral load. Multivariable modeling using logistic or linear regression examined associations between independent variables and infection or viral load, respectively. Among 272 HIV-infected 12-24-year-old youth, 19.5% were positive for oral HPV, 88.2% for EBV, and 11.8% for KSHV. In multivariable models, recent marijuana use (OR 1.97, 95%CI 1.02-3.82) and lower CD4+ T-cell count (<350 vs. ≥350 cells/mm(3) : OR 1.92, 95%CI 1.003-3.69) were associated with HPV infection; lifetime tobacco use (estimated coefficient [EC] 1.55, standard error [SE] 0.53, P = 0.0052) with HPV viral load; recent tobacco use (OR 2.90, 95%CI 1.06-7.97), and higher HIV viral load (>400 vs. <400 copies/ml: OR 3.98, 95%CI 1.84-8.74) with EBV infection; Black versus White race (EC 1.18, SE 0.37, P = 0.0023), and lower CD4+ T-cell count (EC 0.70, SE 0.28, P = 0.017) with EBV viral load, male versus female gender (OR 10, 95%CI 1.32-100) with KSHV infection, and younger age at HIV diagnosis (1-14 vs. 18-20 years: EC 0.33, SE 0.16, P = 0.049; 15-17 vs. 18-20 years: EC 0.35, SE 0.13, P = 0.0099) with KSHV viral load. In conclusion, substance use and immunosuppression are associated with oral DNA tumor viruses in HIV-infected youth. J. Med. Virol. 88:1944-1952, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Kahn
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Bret J Rudy
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Bill Kapogiannis
- Maternal and Pediatric Infectious Disease Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
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Behavioral, immunologic, and virologic correlates of oral human papillomavirus infection in HIV-infected youth. Sex Transm Dis 2015; 42:246-52. [PMID: 25868136 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the epidemiology or risk factors for oral human papillomavirus (HPV) in HIV-infected youth. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and correlates of oral HPV infection and to explore the association between HPV vaccination and oral infection in HIV-infected youth. METHODS Youth 12 to 24 years of age with behaviorally acquired HIV were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Procedures involved medical chart review, survey, and collection of an oral rinse sample. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine whether demographic, behavioral, immunologic, and virologic factors and history of vaccination were significantly associated with oral HPV infection. RESULTS Mean age of the 272 participants was 21.5 years; 64% were non-Hispanic black and 20.2% were Hispanic; and 10.8% of men compared with 20.3% of women were fully vaccinated. Human papillomavirus prevalence was 19.7% in men and 18.6% in women (P = 1.0). Only men were positive for vaccine-type HPV: 5.6% were positive for HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16, and/or HPV-18, and 4.2% were positive for HPV-16 and/or HPV-18. Among men who were fully vaccinated, none were positive for HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16, and/or HPV-18, compared with 12 (6.3%) of men who were not fully vaccinated (P = 0.37). Two variables were marginally associated with oral HPV (P < 0.10): marijuana use in the previous 3 months and lower CD4+ T-cell count. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence rates of oral HPV were relatively high in this population of HIV-infected youth and were similar in male and female youth. No fully vaccinated men were infected with vaccine-type HPV.
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Abstract
Among HIV-infected patients, head and neck cancer incidence has increased over the last few years. Head and neck cancer treatment in HIV-infected patients does not differ from the general population but those patients are exposed more frequently to radiation severe toxic effects and need close monitoring during chemoradiotherapy treatment. Close cooperation between oncologist and infectiologist is crucial to eventually adjust antiretroviral therapy. Like general population, HIV-infected patients should be advised to avoid excessive alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking.
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Gaester K, Fonseca LAM, Luiz O, Assone T, Fontes AS, Costa F, Duarte AJS, Casseb J. Human papillomavirus infection in oral fluids of HIV-1-positive men: prevalence and risk factors. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6592. [PMID: 25322857 PMCID: PMC5377573 DOI: 10.1038/srep06592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. The natural history of oral HPV infection is unclear, and its risk factors have not been explored. Immunocompromised individuals, as exemplified by HIV patients, are at high risk for HPV-related diseases. The mean of this study is to determine the prevalence of HPV in the oral tract of HIV-1-positive male subjects and its association with risk factors. A total of 283 oral wash samples from HIV-1-positive men were tested. The oral fluid samples were used for DNA extraction and conventional PCR amplification; HPV genotyping was performed by hybridization. HPV genotyping revealed that nine samples (3.5%) were positive for HPV DNA; the major high-risk HPV types identified were 51 and 66. Worldwide studies have shown a variable prevalence of oral HPV. The diversity of genotypes and the high prevalence of multiple infections in HIV-infected subjects can be better explained by the effects of HIV-induced immunosuppression. The most important risk factors are unprotected sexual intercourse, but other factors for this infection have been described elsewhere including smoking, age and HIV-positive serostatus. In this study, smoking was the most important risk factor for acquiring oral HPV in HIV-1-infected subjects in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Gaester
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz A. M. Fonseca
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil
| | - Olinda Luiz
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Assone
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriele Souza Fontes
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Costa
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alberto J. S. Duarte
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Casseb
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Epidemiology of head and neck squamous cell cancer among HIV-infected patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014; 65:603-10. [PMID: 24326607 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-infected individuals have a higher incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC). METHODS Case series of 94 HIV-infected HNC patients (HIV-HNC) at 6 tertiary care referral centers in the US between 1991 and 2011. Clinical and risk factor data were abstracted from the medical record. Risk factors for survival were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models. Human papillomavirus (HPV) and p16 testing was performed in 46 tumors. Findings were compared with Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results HNC (US-HNC) data. RESULTS This study represents the largest HIV-HNC series reported to date. HIV-HNC cases were more likely than US-HNC to be male (91% vs. 68%), younger (median age, 50 vs. 62 years), nonwhite (49% vs. 18%), and current smokers (61% vs. 18%). Median HIV-HNC survival was not appreciably lower than US-HNC survival (63 vs. 61 months). At diagnosis, most cases were currently on highly active antiretroviral therapy (77%) but had detectable HIV viremia (99%), and median CD4 was 300 cells per microliter (interquartile range = 167-500). HPV was detected in 30% of HIV-HNC and 64% of HIV-oropharyngeal cases. Median survival was significantly lower among those with CD4 counts ≤200 than >200 cells per microliter at diagnosis (16.1 vs. 72.8 months, P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, poorer survival was associated with CD4 <100 cells per microliter [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 3.09, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15 to 8.30], larynx/hypopharynx site (aHR = 3.54, 95% CI: 1.34 to 9.35), and current tobacco use (aHR = 2.54, 95% CI: 0.96 to 6.76). CONCLUSIONS Risk factors for the development of HNC in patients with HIV infection are similar to the general population, including both HPV-related and tobacco/alcohol-related HNC.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we explore current questions regarding risk factors contributing to frequent and early onset of lung cancer among populations with HIV infection, treatment, and outcomes of lung cancer in HIV-infected patients as well as challenges in a newly evolving era of lung cancer screening. RECENT FINDINGS Lung cancer, seen in three-fold excess in HIV-infected populations, has become the most common non-AIDS defining malignancy in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. HIV-associated lung cancer appears to be associated with young age at diagnosis, cigarette smoking, advanced stage at presentation, and a more aggressive clinical course. There is no unified explanation for these observations, and aside from traditional risk factors, HIV-related immunosuppression and biological differences might play a role. In addition to smoking cessation interventions, screening and early cancer detection in HIV-infected populations are of high clinical importance, although evidence supporting lung cancer screening in this particularly high-risk subset is currently lacking, as are prospective studies of lung cancer therapy. SUMMARY There is an urgent need for prospective clinical trials in HIV-associated lung cancer to improve understanding of lung cancer pathogenesis and to optimize patient care. Several clinical trials are in progress to address questions in cancer biology, screening, and treatment for this significant cause of mortality in persons with HIV infection.
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When is chemotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma not indicated? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 272:781-787. [PMID: 24525999 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-2894-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Nittayananta W, Amornthatree K, Kemapunmanus M, Talungchit S, Sriplung H. Expression of oral cytokines in HIV-infected subjects with long-term use of antiretroviral therapy. Oral Dis 2013; 20:e57-64. [PMID: 23718561 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to determine (i) the expression of oral pro-inflammatory cytokines in HIV-infected subjects compared with non-HIV individuals, (ii) the cytokine expression in the subjects with antiretroviral therapy (ART) compared with those without ART, and (iii) factors associated with the expression of the cytokines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oral examination was performed and saliva samples were collected and analyzed for the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines using ELISA. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between HIV/ART status and the cytokine expression. RESULTS One hundred and fifty-seven HIV-infected subjects with and without ART, and 50 non-HIV individuals were enrolled. TNF-α and IL-6 in saliva were significantly decreased, while IL-8 was significantly increased in HIV infection (P < 0.05). Changes in the expression of IL-8 were also observed between HIV-infected subjects who were and were not on ART (P < 0.05). Duration of HIV infection and smoking was significantly associated with the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in saliva (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Oral innate immunity is affected by HIV infection and use of ART. IL-8 may be the useful biomarker to identify subjects at risk of infection and malignant transformation due to HIV infection and long-term use of ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Nittayananta
- Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Abstract
Recent data show that human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) has a distinct biological and clinical behavior compared with human papillomavirus-negative OPC. As this subset of head and neck cancer represents an increasing public health concern, a thorough understanding of the causative and mechanistic differences between these diseases and how these distinctions impact clinical treatment is required. In this review, we will summarize recent data in epidemiology, the mechanism of viral carcinogenesis and differences in tumor biology that may provide insights to improve the clinical management of patients with human papillomavirus-positive OPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Howard
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231-1000, USA
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A surprising evolution from oral human papillomavirus 16 infection to lymph node metastasis of tonsilar squamous cell carcinoma in an HIV-infected patient. AIDS 2012; 26:1044-5. [PMID: 22552481 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e3283533b09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Purgina B, Pantanowitz L, Seethala RR. A Review of Carcinomas Arising in the Head and Neck Region in HIV-Positive Patients. PATHOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 2011:469150. [PMID: 21660273 PMCID: PMC3108450 DOI: 10.4061/2011/469150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The majority of malignancies arising in the head and neck among patients with AIDS are Kaposi sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Patients with HIV/AIDS are also at increased risk of developing several carcinomas of the head and neck. This paper focuses on these less common, albeit important, carcinomas. An English language literature search identified numerous population-based studies evaluating carcinomas in the head and neck of HIV-positive patients. Published results indicate that patients with HIV/AIDS are at an increased risk of developing mucosal squamous cell carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary gland, and Merkel cell carcinoma in this anatomic region. Data also suggest that HIV-positive patients with these cancers present at a younger age, with more aggressive disease and worse prognosis compared to HIV-negative patients. Treatment involves surgical resection with or without radiation therapy and chemotherapy for locally advanced and metastatic disease. AIDS patients, however, are more likely to suffer radiation treatment complications. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has not altered the incidence of these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibianna Purgina
- Department of Pathology, Presbyterian-Shadyside University Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Lang TU, Khalbuss WE, Monaco SE, Michelow P, Pantanowitz L. Review of HIV-Related Cytopathology. PATHOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 2011:256083. [PMID: 21559199 PMCID: PMC3090088 DOI: 10.4061/2011/256083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Exfoliative and aspiration cytologies play a major role in the management of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Common cytology samples include cervicovaginal and anal Papanicolaou tests, fine needle aspirations, respiratory specimens, body fluids, Tzanck preparations, and touch preparations from brain specimens. While the cytopathologists need to be aware of specific infections and neoplasms likely to be encountered in this setting, they should be aware of the current shift in the pattern of human immunodeficiency virus-related diseases, as human immunodeficiency virus patients are living longer with highly active antiretroviral therapy and suffering fewer opportunistic infections with better antimicrobial prophylaxis. There is a rise in nonhuman immunodeficiency virus-defining cancers (e.g., anal cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma) and entities (e.g., gynecomastia) from drug-related side effects. Given that fine needle aspiration is a valuable, noninvasive, and cost-effective tool, it is frequently employed in the evaluation and diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus-related diseases. Anal Papanicolaou tests are also increasing as a result of enhanced screening of human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients for cancer. This paper covers the broad spectrum of disease entities likely to be encountered with human immunodeficiency virus-related cytopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tee U. Lang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Cancer Pavilion, 5150 Centre Avenue, Suite 201, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Walid E. Khalbuss
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Cancer Pavilion, 5150 Centre Avenue, Suite 201, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Sara E. Monaco
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Cancer Pavilion, 5150 Centre Avenue, Suite 201, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Pam Michelow
- Cytology Unit, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa
| | - Liron Pantanowitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Cancer Pavilion, 5150 Centre Avenue, Suite 201, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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