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Chen G, Wang X, Barnhart WR, Fu Y, He J. Exploring the moderating roles of dispositional mindfulness and body image flexibility in the association between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in Chinese adolescents. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:1998-2013. [PMID: 38781606 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous research suggests potential moderating roles of dispositional mindfulness and body image flexibility in the association between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. However, relevant research is mainly conducted on adult women from Western countries, and limited evidence exists for adolescent samples, especially from non-Western contexts (e.g., China). Thus, this study aimed to examine the moderating roles of dispositional mindfulness and body image flexibility in the relationship between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in Chinese adolescents. METHOD We recruited 545 Chinese adolescents (53.9% boys, aged 12-16 years) who completed measures of body dissatisfaction, dispositional mindfulness, body image flexibility, and disordered eating. Moderation analyses were examined with PROCESS macro on SPSS. RESULTS In separate models, both higher dispositional mindfulness and body image flexibility weakened relationships between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. However, when both dispositional mindfulness and body image flexibility were entered into the same moderation model, only body image flexibility showed a significant moderating effect. DISCUSSION Both dispositional mindfulness and body image flexibility may weaken the association between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in adolescents. However, body image flexibility might have a stronger effect than dispositional mindfulness. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at reducing body dissatisfaction to prevent disordered eating in adolescents may pay more attention to adolescents' body image flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Chen
- Department of Psychology, College of Educational Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xingchang Wang
- Department of Psychology, College of Educational Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wesley R Barnhart
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Yuru Fu
- Division of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinbo He
- Division of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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de Oliveira Galvão PP, Valente JY, Cogo-Moreira H, Mari JJ, Sanchez ZM. Bullying as a Risk Factor for Eating Disorder Behaviors Among Students: Secondary Analysis for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:1404-1414. [PMID: 35325334 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine whether being a victim of bullying predicted body dissatisfaction and eating disorder behavior (EDB). In this study, we performed secondary analysis from a cluster randomized controlled trial among 5208 eight grade students from 73 public schools in three Brazilian cities. Data were collected in 2019 through an anonymous self-report questionnaire on bullying, body dissatisfaction, and EDB. We used factor analysis, multivariate linear regression, and multinomial logistic regression to verify whether being a victim of bullying during the baseline results in body dissatisfaction and EDB at the nine months follow-up for the control and intervention groups. Our results showed that being female (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.22-1.63) is a risk factor for dissatisfaction by overweight. Bullying was not a predictor of body dissatisfaction; however, being a victim of bullying (β 0.40, 95% CI 0.35-0.46) is a predictor of having more EDB, independent of the exposure to the program. Therefore, bullying deserves attention in the school environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Paiva de Oliveira Galvão
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, sala 404, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04.023-062, Brazil.
| | | | - Hugo Cogo-Moreira
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jair J Mari
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Zila M Sanchez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, sala 404, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04.023-062, Brazil
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He J, Barnhart WR, Zhang Y, Han J, Wang Z, Cui S, Nagata JM. Muscularity teasing and its relations with muscularity bias internalization, muscularity-oriented body dissatisfaction, and muscularity-oriented disordered eating in Chinese adult men. Body Image 2023; 45:382-390. [PMID: 37104997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing research on weight teasing and other forms of appearance teasing, muscularity teasing, which occurs when an individual is victimized due to low muscularity, has not yet received research attention. Given the solid evidence of positive relations between weight teasing and thinness-oriented body dissatisfaction and disordered eating, we aimed to tap into muscularity teasing and examine its relations with muscularity-oriented body dissatisfaction and muscularity-oriented disordered eating (e.g., rigid dietary rules for enhancing muscularity). A sample of 500 Chinese men, aged 18 - 62 years, were recruited online, and they competed questionnaires assessing muscularity teasing, muscularity bias internalization, muscularity-oriented body dissatisfaction, and muscularity-oriented disordered eating. Correlation analyses showed that muscularity teasing was significantly related to muscularity bias internalization (r = 0.55, p < .001), muscularity-oriented body dissatisfaction (r = 0.50, p < .001), and muscularity-oriented disordered eating (r = 0.38, p < .001). Structural equation modelling indicated that muscularity bias internalization and muscularity-oriented body dissatisfaction, as concurrent mediators, fully mediated the relationships between muscularity teasing and muscularity-oriented disordered eating. Findings extend existing knowledge in appearance teasing research to encompass muscularity teasing in order to better understand the etiology of muscularity-oriented body dissatisfaction and muscularity-oriented disordered eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo He
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Wesley R Barnhart
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiayi Han
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziyue Wang
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqi Cui
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Division of Adolescent & Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Day S, Bussey K, Trompeter N, Mitchison D. The Impact of Teasing and Bullying Victimization on Disordered Eating and Body Image Disturbance Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:985-1006. [PMID: 33461439 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020985534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a developmental period in which disordered eating and negative body image are highly prevalent, yet their risk factors are insufficiently understood and targeted. Despite research implicating both teasing and bullying victimization in the development of eating disorders, these strands of research are yet to be integrated. This systematic review hence aimed to identify whether teasing and bullying victimization are associated with greater risk of eating disorders and body image disturbance for adolescents. Systematic searches of PsycINFO and PubMed databases identified 79 papers that included quantitative analyses of the relationship between weight-related or nonspecific teasing or bullying victimization and disordered eating or body image disturbance. Overall, studies indicated that adolescents who are teased or bullied are more likely to experience disordered eating and negative body image compared to nonvictimized adolescents. This was more consistently observed in cross-sectional studies than in longitudinal findings. We identify several methodological limitations of the literature, including the infrequent consideration of potential mediating and moderating variables. Finally, we outline future directions such as temporal sequencing of the complex interrelationships among teasing and bullying, disordered eating, and body image disturbance in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead Day
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kay Bussey
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nora Trompeter
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Deborah Mitchison
- School of Medicine, Blacktown Clinical School, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
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Wang Q, Tu R, Jiang Y, Hu W, Luo X. Teasing and Internet Harassment among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Envy and the Moderating Role of the Zhong-Yong Thinking Style. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095501. [PMID: 35564895 PMCID: PMC9100652 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extant research studies have documented that teen victims of traditional bullying are more likely to be perpetrators of Internet harassment. Teasing is a typical form of verbal bullying, but, unfortunately, its link with Internet harassment perpetration has rarely been investigated to date. Therefore, this study constructed two moderated mediation models to explore the relation between weight-related/competency-related teasing (the two main types of teasing) and Internet harassment, and whether these associations are mediated by envy and moderated by the Zhong-Yong thinking style. A total of 1811 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 13.22 years, SD = 0.97) were investigated to examine the two models. The results clarified that: (1) weight-related/competency-related teasing was positively predictive of adolescent Internet harassment; (2) envy acted a partially mediating role in the associations between weight-related/competency-related teasing and Internet harassment; (3) the Zhong-Yong thinking style not only moderated the link between weight-related/competency-related teasing and envy, with the effect being more profound for a high-level Zhong-Yong thinking style possessed by adolescents, but also moderated the direct link between competency-related teasing and Internet harassment, with the relation being more potent when the level of Zhong-Yong thinking style was low. Nevertheless, the direct link between weight-related teasing and Internet harassment was not moderated by the Zhong-Yong thinking style. These findings are important to comprehend the psychological mechanisms linking weight-related/competency-related teasing to Internet harassment, and provide some enlightenment for preventing and intervening in adolescent Internet harassment perpetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Q.W.); (R.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Ruilin Tu
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Q.W.); (R.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Yihe Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China;
| | - Wei Hu
- Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiao Luo
- School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Q.W.); (R.T.); (X.L.)
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Kim BH, Ranzenhofer L, Stadterman J, Karvay YG, Burke NL. Food Insecurity and Eating Pathology in Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9155. [PMID: 34501745 PMCID: PMC8431477 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period for the emergence of eating disorders, and food insecurity may be related to eating pathology and weight, as evidenced in adults. However, little is known about food insecurity and eating pathology during this developmental period, and associations between food insecurity and body mass index (BMI) are mixed. Therefore, we examined associations between food insecurity and BMI percentile, self-reported eating-related pathology and binge eating, and subgroup differences by race/ethnicity. In a subset, we examined the relationship between food insecurity and real-world hunger, food craving, and loss-of-control eating using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Fifty-eight adolescents at two sites (clinical sample, n = 38, BMI percentile ≥ 70th; community sample, n = 20, all BMI strata) completed self-report questionnaires. Adolescents were 15.2 ± 2.1 years old, 62% female, 50% Black, 34.5% Hispanic, with BMI percentile = 80.5 ± 25.8 (range 4-99). In the full sample, food insecurity was associated with greater BMI (p < 0.01), higher shape/weight overvaluation (p = 0.04), and greater number of binge eating episodes among those reporting at least one binge episode (p < 0.01), with significant relationships for BMI percentile, shape/weight overvaluation, body dissatisfaction, and binge episode frequency among Hispanic adolescents only (each p < 0.01). As in adults, food insecurity may be a risk factor for eating pathology, particularly for Hispanic teens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany H. Kim
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Lisa Ranzenhofer
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jill Stadterman
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA; (J.S.); (Y.G.K.); (N.L.B.)
| | - Yvette G. Karvay
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA; (J.S.); (Y.G.K.); (N.L.B.)
| | - Natasha L. Burke
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA; (J.S.); (Y.G.K.); (N.L.B.)
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Tang C, Cooper M, Wang S, Song J, He J. The relationship between body weight and dietary restraint is explained by body dissatisfaction and body image inflexibility among young adults in China. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:1863-1870. [PMID: 33034869 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eating disorders and obesity are commonly recognized as key public health concerns worldwide. Although rates of obesity and disordered eating have traditionally been lower in China than Western countries, these rates are on the rise. As such, interest is growing in identifying mechanisms that may address these conditions. While associations between body weight and dissatisfaction are well established, burgeoning research aims to examine how these factors are related to dietary restraint and body image inflexibility. This study aimed to explore the possible mediation effect of body dissatisfaction and body image inflexibility between body weight (body mass index) and dietary restraint. Furthermore, we explored how these relationships differed across men and women. METHODS A sample of 1068 young adults (563 females and 505 males) in China participated in the study. Participants completed the Eating Disorder Inventory and Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire as well as the Body Image-Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. RESULTS Results showed that: (1) body dissatisfaction and body image inflexibility fully mediated the relationship between body mass index and dietary restraint; (2) this model fit both genders, although differences were found in the regression coefficients between the mediation model for men and women. CONCLUSION These findings support body image dissatisfaction and inflexibility as mediators of the relationship between body weight and dietary restraint, highlighting these as potential mechanisms for treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, case-control analytic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanyuan Tang
- School of Humanities and Social Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Marita Cooper
- Eating Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, US
| | - Saihai Wang
- College of Economics and Management, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianwen Song
- School of Humanities and Social Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Jinbo He
- School of Humanities and Social Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China.
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Pan XF, Wang L, Pan A. Epidemiology and determinants of obesity in China. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9:373-392. [PMID: 34022156 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 628] [Impact Index Per Article: 209.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a major public health issue in China. Overweight and obesity have increased rapidly in the past four decades, and the latest national prevalence estimates for 2015-19, based on Chinese criteria, were 6·8% for overweight and 3·6% for obesity in children younger than 6 years, 11·1% for overweight and 7·9% for obesity in children and adolescents aged 6-17 years, and 34·3% for overweight and 16·4% for obesity in adults (≥18 years). Prevalence differed by sex, age group, and geographical location, but was substantial in all subpopulations. Strong evidence from prospective cohort studies has linked overweight and obesity to increased risks of major non-communicable diseases and premature mortality in Chinese populations. The growing burden of overweight and obesity could be driven by economic developments, sociocultural norms, and policies that have shaped individual-level risk factors for obesity through urbanisation, urban planning and built environments, and food systems and environments. Substantial changes in dietary patterns have occurred in China, with increased consumption of animal-source foods, refined grains, and highly processed, high-sugar, and high-fat foods, while physical activity levels in all major domains have decreased with increasing sedentary behaviours. The effects of dietary factors and physical inactivity intersect with other individual-level risk factors such as genetic susceptibility, psychosocial factors, obesogens, and in-utero and early-life exposures. In view of the scarcity of research around the individual and collective roles of these upstream and downstream factors, multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary studies are urgently needed to identify systemic approaches that target both the population-level determinants and individual-level risk factors for obesity in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Fei Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Limin Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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