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Zhang L, Cui Z, Huffman LG, Oshri A. Sleep mediates the effect of stressful environments on youth development of impulsivity: The moderating role of within default mode network resting-state functional connectivity. Sleep Health 2023; 9:503-511. [PMID: 37270396 PMCID: PMC10524131 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Youth raised in stressful environments are at increased risk for developing impulsive traits, which are a robust precursor of problem behaviors. Sleep may mediate the link between stress and problem behaviors as it is both sensitive to stress and essential for neurocognitive development underlying behavioral control during adolescence. The default mode network (DMN) is a brain network implicated in stress regulation and sleep. Yet, it is poorly understood how individual differences in resting-state DMN moderate the effect of stressful environments on impulsivity via sleep problems. METHODS Three waves of data spanning 2 years were obtained from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study, a national longitudinal sample of 11,878 children (Mage at baseline = 10.1; 47.8% female). Structural equation modeling was used to test (a) the mediating role of sleep at T3 in the link between stressful environments at baseline and impulsivity at T5 and (b) the moderation of this indirect association by baseline levels of within-DMN resting-state functional connectivity. RESULTS Sleep problems, shorter sleep duration, and longer sleep latency significantly mediated the link between stressful environments and youth impulsivity. Youth with elevated within-DMN resting-state functional connectivity showed intensified associations between stressful environments and impulsivity via shorter sleep duration. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that sleep health can be a target for preventive intervention and thereby mitigate the link between stressful environments and increased levels of youth impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States; Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States.
| | - Zehua Cui
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States; Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - Landry Goodgame Huffman
- Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States; Integrated Life Sciences, Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - Assaf Oshri
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States; Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States; Integrated Life Sciences, Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
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Tabb LP, Rich JA, Waite D, Alberto C, Harris E, Gardner J, Gentile N, Corbin TJ. Examining Associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms among Young Survivors of Urban Violence. J Urban Health 2022; 99:669-679. [PMID: 35699886 PMCID: PMC9360210 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-022-00628-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Our study examines the association between Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among survivors of violence. In this cross-sectional study, an ACE questionnaire and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) were completed by 147 participants ≤ 3 months after presenting to a Philadelphia, PA emergency department between 2014 and 2019 with a violent injury. This study treated ACEs, both separate and cumulative, as exposures and PTSD symptom severity as the outcome. Most participants (63.3%) met criteria for provisional PTSD, 90% reported experiencing ≥ 1 ACE, and 39% reported experiencing ≥ 6 ACEs. Specific ACEs were associated with increasing PCL-5 scores and increased risk for provisional PTSD. Additionally, as participants' cumulative ACE scores increased, their PCL-5 scores worsened (b = 0.16; p < 0.05), and incremental ACE score increases predicted increased odds for a positive provisional PTSD screen. Results provide further evidence that ACEs exacerbate the development of PTSD in young survivors of violence. Future research should explore targeted interventions to treat PTSD among survivors of interpersonal violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loni Philip Tabb
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John A Rich
- Center for Nonviolence & Social Justice, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daria Waite
- Center for Nonviolence & Social Justice, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cinthya Alberto
- Department of Health Management & Policy, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erica Harris
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James Gardner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nina Gentile
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Theodore J Corbin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Rogers CJ, Pakdaman S, Forster M, Sussman S, Grigsby TJ, Victoria J, Unger JB. Effects of multiple adverse childhood experiences on substance use in young adults: A review of the literature. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 234:109407. [PMID: 35306395 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACE), including maltreatment and household dysfunction, are consistent predictors of health compromising behaviors in adulthood. While most ACE studies have focused on adults, there is an emerging body of research focusing on young adulthood. METHODS This review describes research focused on the relationship between ACE and substance use among young adults. Two databases were searched for studies published from 1998 to 2021 that assess the relationship between ACE and substance use among young adults. Of the 1474 articles identified in the search, 43 met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Consensus across reviewed studies is that the relationship between ACE and substance use demonstrated in the general adult population is evident in young adults, although effects varied by demographic variables such as gender and ethnic background. CONCLUSIONS The need for standardized measures across studies, racial/ethnic considerations, and the importance of building trauma informed prevention programs targeting this age group are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Rogers
- Department of Population and Public Health Science, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Sheila Pakdaman
- Department of Population and Public Health Science, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Myriam Forster
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Steve Sussman
- Department of Population and Public Health Science, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy J Grigsby
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
| | - Jazmine Victoria
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Department of Population and Public Health Science, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Oltean LE, Șoflău R, Miu AC, Szentágotai-Tătar A. Childhood adversity and impaired reward processing: A meta-analysis. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022:105596. [PMID: 35346502 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adversity (CA) is associated with increased risk of psychopathology, and reward processing (RP) may be one of the underlying mechanisms. However, evidence on impaired RP in childhood adversity is theoretically and methodologically heterogeneous. OBJECTIVE To provide a quantitative overview of studies on the relation between childhood adversity and RP assessed at the behavioral and subjective levels, and identify differences between studies that influence the effect size. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Twenty-seven studies (overall N = 6801) were included. METHODS Peer-reviewed publications describing empirical studies on the relation between CA and behavioral and self-report measures of RP in humans were identified through systematic searches in six bibliographic databases. Effect sizes (r) were pooled using random-effects models. The potential moderator role of RP dimension, type of RP assessment, type of childhood adversity assessment, and age were examined. RESULTS Results indicated a small, but consistent association between CA and impaired RP (r = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.16), with medium heterogeneity (I2 = 62.43). The effect size was significantly larger (i.e., medium-sized) in studies that focused on reward learning rather than reward valuation and reward responsiveness; used cognitive tasks rather than self-report assessments of RP; and relied on official records rather than subjective reports of CA. There was evidence of publication bias, but overall effect size remained significant after imputation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that multidimensional RP impairments (e.g., deficits in reward learning, biased reward valuation) are a consistent marker of CA, and may represent mechanisms underlying the increased risk of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia-Ecaterina Oltean
- Evidence-Based Assessment and Psychological Interventions Doctoral School, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Șoflău
- The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania
| | - Andrei C Miu
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania.
| | - Aurora Szentágotai-Tătar
- The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania.
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Recommendations of the treatment-resistant depression expert center network for promoting tobacco smoking cessation based on the results from the real-world FACE-TRD national cohort. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 114:110479. [PMID: 34826559 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking has been associated with suicide, impulsivity and depression in non-clinical populations with differences across sexes. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of tobacco smoking in Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) according to sex in a precision-medicine approach. METHOD The FACE-TRD cohort is a national cohort of TRD patients recruited in 13 resistant depression expert centers between 2014 and 2021 and followed-up at 6 months. A standardized one-day long comprehensive battery was carried out, including trained-clinician and patient-reported outcomes, and patients were reevaluated at 6 months on their smoking and psychiatric hospitalization outcomes. RESULTS 355 TRD participants were included (222 women). The smoking rate was much higher in TRD women compared to the French general population (34% vs 24%) while it was comparable for men (approximately 29%). In multivariate analyses, compared to non-smoking women, female smokers had significantly increased number of lifetime psychiatric hospitalizations (standardized beta B = 0.232, p = 0.014) and electro-convulsive therapy (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.748, p = 0.005), increased suicidal ideations (aOR = 4.047, p = 0.031), history of suicide attempt (aOR = 1.994, p = 0.033), and increased impulsivity (B = 0.210, p = 0.006) and were more frequently treated by benzodiazepines (aOR = 1.848, p = 0.035) and third- or fourth-line TRD treatments (antipsychotics aOR = 2.270, p = 0.006, mood stabilizers aOR = 2.067 p = 0.044). Tobacco smoking at baseline was predictive of psychiatric hospitalization within 6 months in persistent smoking women (aOR = 2.636, p = 0.031). These results were not replicated in men, for whom tobacco smoking was only associated with increased clinician-rated and self-reported depressive symptoms (respectively B = 0.207, p = 0.022 and B = 0.184, p = 0.048). The smoking cessation rate at 6 months was higher in women than in men (12% vs. 7%). No patient was administered nicotine substitute or varenicline at the two timepoints. INTERPRETATION Combining these results and those of the literature, we recommend that active tobacco cessation should be promoted in TRD to improve depression, suicide and impulsivity especially in women. Female smokers appear as a specific population with heavier mental health outcomes that should be specifically addressed.
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Brown SM, Rodriguez KE, Smith AD, Ricker A, Williamson AA. Associations between Childhood Maltreatment and Behavioral Sleep Disturbances Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review. Sleep Med Rev 2022; 64:101621. [PMID: 35367857 PMCID: PMC9441474 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment has a range of long-term developmental and health consequences. Emerging research suggests that sleep disturbances may be a key behavioral health risk factor implicated in the relationship between maltreatment and poor health across the lifespan. This systematic review examined the association between maltreatment and behavioral sleep disturbances in childhood and adulthood. Studies were identified through PsycINFO, PubMed, and alternative search strategies such as Google Scholar and reference list checks, with an end date of July 2021. Quantitative, peer-reviewed articles examining behavioral sleep outcomes and/or characteristics among maltreatment-exposed samples were included. We assessed the potential risk of bias by examining study design and sleep and maltreatment assessment methods. Across 73 studies included in this review, there was a robust association between childhood maltreatment and behavioral sleep disturbances. Findings suggest that linkages between maltreatment and sleep outcomes diverge with respect to maltreatment characteristics, type of behavioral sleep disturbance assessed, use of subjective versus objective measures, and study design. Given that behavioral sleep disturbances are modifiable, more research is needed that incorporates objective measures of sleep and longitudinal designs to identify specific points of intervention to mitigate the potential long-term impacts of childhood maltreatment on health across socio-demographically diverse populations.
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Zhang L, Cui Z, Sasser J, Carvalho C, Oshri A. Family stress during the pandemic worsens the effect of adverse parenting on adolescent sleep quality. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 123:105390. [PMID: 34794017 PMCID: PMC8714683 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse parenting is consistently associated with increased sleep problems among adolescents. Shelter-in-Place restrictions and the uncertainty linked to the Covid-19 pandemic have introduced new stressors on parents and families, adding to the risk for youth's sleep problems. OBJECTIVE Using multidimensional assessments of child maltreatment (CM; threat vs. deprivation), the present study examined whether parent-report and child-report of Covid-19 related stress potentiated the effect of CM on sleep problems among boys and girls. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The study focused on a sample of 124 dyads of adolescents (Mage = 12.89, SD = 0.79; 52% female) and their primary caregivers (93% mothers) assessed before and during the pandemic (May to October 2020). METHOD Data were obtained from both youth and their parents. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test all study hypotheses. Simple slopes and Johnson-Neyman plots were generated to probe significant interaction effects. RESULTS Deprivation, but not threat, directly predicted increased sleep problems among boys during the pandemic. Additionally, elevation in Covid-19 stress (both parent and child report) intensified the link between CM (threat and deprivation) and sleep problems among boys. CONCLUSION Our findings inform prevention and intervention efforts that aim to reduce sleep problems among boys during stressful contexts, such as the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA 30602, United States; Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, Room 208, 105 Foster Road (Pound Hall), Athens, GA 30606, United States.
| | - Zehua Cui
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA 30602, United States; Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, Room 208, 105 Foster Road (Pound Hall), Athens, GA 30606, United States.
| | - Jeri Sasser
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States.
| | - Cory Carvalho
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA 30602, United States; Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, Room 208, 105 Foster Road (Pound Hall), Athens, GA 30606, United States.
| | - Assaf Oshri
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA 30602, United States; Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States; Integrated Life Sciences, Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
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Levitt EE, Amlung MT, Gonzalez A, Oshri A, MacKillop J. Consistent evidence of indirect effects of impulsive delay discounting and negative urgency between childhood adversity and adult substance use in two samples. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2011-2020. [PMID: 33782722 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Exposure to adverse life experiences (ACEs) is robustly associated with problematic alcohol and other drug use. In addition, both ACEs and substance use have been independently associated with impulsivity. OBJECTIVE To examine whether impulsivity is implicated in the link between ACE and adult substance use in two samples. METHODS The primary sample was a cohort of community adults (N = 1431) who completed a one-time in-person assessment. A second sample was crowdsourced using Amazon Mechanical Turk (N = 3021). All participants were assessed for ACEs using the Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire and for current alcohol and other drug use. Given its multidimensional nature, impulsivity was assessed using the UPPS-P measure of impulsive personality traits, Go/NoGo (GNG) task (in-person community adult sample only), and delay discounting (Monetary Choice Questionnaire [MCQ] in the community adults and Effective Delay-50 [ED50] in the crowdsourced sample. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the hypothesized indirect effects for the measures of impulsivity between ACEs and substance use. RESULTS In the community adults, significant indirect effects were observed from ACEs to substance use via UPPS-Negative Urgency (β = 0.07, SE = 0.02, 95% CI [0.04, 0.10]), and the MCQ (β = 0.02 SE = .01, 95% CI [0.01, 0.03]). In the crowdsourced sample, significant indirect effects were observed from ACEs to substance use via UPPS-Negative Urgency (β = 0.05, SE = .01, 95% CI [0.04, 0.07]), UPPS-Premeditation (β = 0.04, SE = .01, 95% CI [0.02, 0.05), and the ED50 (β = 0.02, SE = .01; 95% CI [0.01, 0.03]). CONCLUSION These findings provide consistent evidence that decrements in regulation of negative emotions and overvaluation of immediate rewards indirectly link ACE and substance use. These robust cross-sectional findings support the need for elucidating the underlying neural substrates implicated and for longitudinal evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Levitt
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8P 3P2, Canada
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - M T Amlung
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8P 3P2, Canada
| | - A Gonzalez
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - A Oshri
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - J MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8P 3P2, Canada.
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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Miller MB, Freeman L, Park CJ, Hall NA, Deroche C, Sahota PK, McCrae CS. Insomnia treatment effects among young adult drinkers: Secondary outcomes of a randomized pilot trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1136-1148. [PMID: 33745147 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) has moderate-to-large effects on insomnia among young adult drinkers, with preliminary data indicating that improvements in insomnia may have downstream effects on alcohol-related consequences. However, the mechanism(s) by which insomnia treatment may facilitate reductions in alcohol-related problems is unclear. Secondary outcome data from a randomized pilot trial were used to examine CBT-I effects on four proposed mediators of the insomnia/alcohol link: alcohol craving, delay discounting, negative affect, and difficulties with emotion regulation. METHODS Young adults (ages 18 to 30 years) with insomnia who reported 1+ binge drinking episode (4/5+ drinks for women/men) in the past month were randomized to receive CBT-I (n = 28) or to a sleep hygiene control (n = 28). Outcomes were assessed at baseline, after 5 weeks of treatment, and at 1-month posttreatment. RESULTS Relative to those in sleep hygiene, CBT-I participants reported greater decreases in alcohol craving (d = 0.33) at the end of treatment and greater 1-month posttreatment decreases in delay discounting of large rewards (d = 0.42). CBT-I did not have a significant effect on delay discounting of smaller rewards or momentary negative affect. There was also no significant treatment effect on difficulties with emotion regulation, although findings were confounded by a significant group difference at baseline in difficulties with emotion regulation. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of insomnia may lead to improvements in alcohol craving and delay discounting of large rewards among young adult drinkers with insomnia. Additional research examining whether improvement in insomnia is a mechanism for improvement in addiction domains is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsey Freeman
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Chan Jeong Park
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Nicole A Hall
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Chelsea Deroche
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
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Fuligni AJ, Chiang JJ, Tottenham N. Sleep disturbance and the long-term impact of early adversity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 126:304-313. [PMID: 33757816 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disturbance may be a central, yet underappreciated mechanism by which early adversity has a long-term impact upon mental and physical health. The fundamental regulatory processes shaped by early adversity - neural, neuroendocrine, and immune - are also central to sleep. Sleep problems, in turn, lead to a similar constellation of chronic health problems that have been linked to early adversity. We bring together work from the fields of early adversity and sleep in order to suggest a model by which sleep disturbance plays a critical role in the far-reaching impacts of early adversity on health. Future research should employ more longitudinal designs and pay particular attention to the impact of developmental periods such as adolescence and midlife when maturational and environmental factors conspire to create a unique time of sleep disturbance. We also suggesting that intervening to minimize sleep disturbance may be a promising means by which to test the model, as well as potentially blunt the long-term impact of early adversity on health.
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Wu J, Guo Z, Gao X, Kou Y. The relations between early-life stress and risk, time, and prosocial preferences in adulthood: A meta-analytic review. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Turner S, Menzies C, Fortier J, Garces I, Struck S, Taillieu T, Georgiades K, Afifi TO. Child maltreatment and sleep problems among adolescents in Ontario: A cross sectional study. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 99:104309. [PMID: 31838226 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Child maltreatment has a negative impact on health and well-being. Healthy sleep patterns are an important indicator of health and are particularly important for adolescent growth and development. Few studies examine the relationship between child maltreatment and sleep problems using a general population, adolescent sample. The objective of the current study was to examine the relationship between five different types of child maltreatment and four sleep outcomes among adolescents. METHODS Data were from a subset of the Ontario Child Health Study 2014, a representative sample of 14 to 17- year-olds in Ontario, Canada (n=2,910). Sexual abuse, physical abuse and exposure to intimate partner violence (EIPV) were measured using the Childhood Experiences of Violence Questionnaire (CEVQ). Emotional maltreatment and physical neglect were measured using items derived from survey questions designed for the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Sleep outcomes included time it takes to fall asleep, waking during the night, and hours of sleep on weekdays and weekends. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic variables. RESULTS Findings indicate that all types of child maltreatment were associated with increased odds of taking more than 10 min to fall asleep (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.21-1.58), waking more often during the night (AOR: 1.62-5.73) and fewer hours slept on weekdays (adjusted beta [AB]: -0.39 to -0.15). Child sexual abuse, emotional maltreatment, and EIPV were associated with decreased hours of sleep on weekends (AB: -0.63 to -0.28). CONCLUSION Preventing child maltreatment may improve sleep outcomes among adolescents, thereby improving overall health and well- being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Turner
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Medical Services Building, S113 - 750 Bannatyne Avenue, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0W3, Canada.
| | - Caitlin Menzies
- Department of Psychology, P404 Duff Roblin Building, 190 Dysart Rd, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Janique Fortier
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Medical Services Building, S113 - 750 Bannatyne Avenue, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0W3, Canada
| | - Isabel Garces
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Medical Services Building, S113 - 750 Bannatyne Avenue, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0W3, Canada
| | - Shannon Struck
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Medical Services Building, S113 - 750 Bannatyne Avenue, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0W3, Canada
| | - Tamara Taillieu
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Medical Services Building, S113 - 750 Bannatyne Avenue, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0W3, Canada
| | - Katholiki Georgiades
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, West 5th Campus Administration - B3 100 West 5th, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - Tracie O Afifi
- Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry, Medical Services Building, S113 - 750 Bannatyne Avenue, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0W3, Canada
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Sullivan K, Rochani H, Huang LT, Donley DK, Zhang J. Adverse childhood experiences affect sleep duration for up to 50 years later. Sleep 2019; 42:5485469. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study Objectives
The main objective for this study was to assess the association of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and subsequent short sleep duration among adults.
Methods
This cross-sectional examination used data from the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a nationwide telephone-administered survey. Participants completed a standardized questionnaire to report childhood experiences of abuse, neglect, household challenges, and sleep time. Multinominal logistic regression analyses included survey weighting procedures and adjusted for age, race, education, income, sex, and body mass index; associations were also examined by age strata, using age as a proxy for time since ACEs occurred.
Results
Complete data were available for 22 403 adults (mean age = 46.66 years) including 14 587 (65%) with optimum sleep duration (7–9 h/night) and 2069 (9%) with short sleep duration (<6 h/night). Compared with adults with optimum sleep duration, the number of ACEs was associated with the odds of short sleep duration (odds ratio [OR] = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.16 to 1.28), and the odds increased as the number of ACEs increased. The association held for each decade of age until the 60s, although the magnitude attenuated. Mental health challenges or poor physical health did not account for the association.
Conclusion
ACEs increased the odds of chronic short sleep duration during adulthood and showed both a time-dependent and dose–response nature. These associations were independent of self-reported mental health challenges or poor physical health. The association of ACEs with short sleep duration throughout the adult lifespan emphasizes the importance of child health and identifying underlying psychological challenges in adults with sleep difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Sullivan
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA
| | - Haresh Rochani
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA
| | - Li-Ting Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA
| | | | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA
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Hicks MR, Kogan SM. Racial Discrimination, Protective Processes, and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Black Young Males. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:507-519. [PMID: 30671878 PMCID: PMC7931456 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Racial discrimination is a documented risk factor for sexual risk behaviors among young Black men. Mechanisms of effect and protective processes remain to be investigated. This study examined the mediating effect of emotional distress, self-regulation, and substance use on the association between racial discrimination and sexual risk behaviors. Sexual risk behaviors included in this study were inconsistent condom use and sexual concurrency (sexual partnerships that overlap overtime). The protective effect of protective social ties was also investigated. A sample of 505 heterosexually active men aged 19-22 years were recruited and surveyed for 3 time points. Men answered questions on racial discrimination, sexual risk behaviors, emotional distress, self-regulation, and substance use. Mediation and moderation models were tested. Racial discrimination (T1) significantly and positively predicted emotional distress (T2). Emotional distress, substance use, and self-regulation partially mediated the association between racial discrimination and sexual risk behaviors. Protective social ties attenuated the effects of emotional distress on substance use and self-regulation. Racial discrimination is an important context for sexual risk behaviors. Minority stress may translate to sexual risk behavior through psychosocial mediators, such as emotional distress, self-regulation, and substance use. Protective social ties may buffer against emotional distress to reduce substance use and increase self-regulation. The findings of this study can provide new insights through the investigation of risk and protective processes that influence sexual risk behaviors among young Black men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Hicks
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, 5447 Woodward Ave., Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Steven M Kogan
- Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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