1
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Lim SM, Choi DS, Chung MN, Lee JS, Kang YS, Choi KH, Moon JY, Nam SS, Jung MY. High impacts of cultivar and home-cooking practice on the content of free myo-inositol, a bioavailable health-promoting cyclitol, in sweet potato. J Food Sci 2023; 88:772-783. [PMID: 36633256 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Free myo-inositol is a bioavailable form of a cyclitol having various health-promoting activities. The impact of cultivar and home-cooking practice on the content of free myo-inositol in sweet potatoes (12 cultivars grown in 2 different locations) was studied. A GC-MS/MS method following in situ trimethylsilylation was established and validated to determine free myo-inositol. The established analytical method was sensitive, precise, and accurate. It was found that free myo-inositol content in sweet potato varied greatly (sevenfolds) with cultivar, ranging from 377.1 to 2628.3 mg/kg dw. A cultivar Poongwon-mi was found to be an exceptionally rich source of free myo-inositol (2628.3 mg/kg dw). Home-cooking practice markedly increased free myo-inositol content (maximum 240%). Baking showed the highest impact on the increase in free myo-inositol, followed by steaming, microwave cooking, and boiling, in decreasing order. This represents the first report of the remarkably high impact of cultivar and home-cooking practice on the free myo-inositol content in sweet potato. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The free myo-inositol content in sweet potato varied greatly with the cultivars. Poongwon-mi contained a surprisingly high content of free myo-inositol. Home-cooking dramatically increased the free myo-inositol content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Min Lim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Woosuk University, Wanju-gun Jeonbuk Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Seong Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Woosuk University, Wanju-gun Jeonbuk Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Nam Chung
- Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Muan, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sun Lee
- Chungbuk Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sik Kang
- Chungnam Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Yesan Chungcheong, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Hwan Choi
- Jeonbuk Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Moon
- Gyeongnam Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Jinju Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Sik Nam
- Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Muan, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Yhung Jung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Woosuk University, Wanju-gun Jeonbuk Province, Republic of Korea
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2
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Su XB, Ko ALA, Saiardi A. Regulations of myo-inositol homeostasis: Mechanisms, implications, and perspectives. Adv Biol Regul 2023; 87:100921. [PMID: 36272917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2022.100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation is the most common module of cellular signalling pathways. The dynamic nature of phosphorylation, which is conferred by the balancing acts of kinases and phosphatases, allows this modification to finely control crucial cellular events such as growth, differentiation, and cell cycle progression. Although most research to date has focussed on protein phosphorylation, non-protein phosphorylation substrates also play vital roles in signal transduction. The most well-established substrate of non-protein phosphorylation is inositol, whose phosphorylation generates many important signalling molecules such as the second messenger IP3, a key factor in calcium signalling. A fundamental question to our understanding of inositol phosphorylation is how the levels of cellular inositol are controlled. While the availability of protein phosphorylation substrates is known to be readily controlled at the levels of transcription, translation, and/or protein degradation, the regulatory mechanisms that control the uptake, synthesis, and removal of inositol are underexplored. Potentially, such mechanisms serve as an important layer of regulation of cellular signal transduction pathways. There are two ways in which mammalian cells acquire inositol. The historic use of radioactive 3H-myo-inositol revealed that inositol is promptly imported from the extracellular environment by three specific symporters SMIT1/2, and HMIT, coupling sodium or proton entry, respectively. Inositol can also be synthesized de novo from glucose-6P, thanks to the enzymatic activity of ISYNA1. Intriguingly, emerging evidence suggests that in mammalian cells, de novo myo-inositol synthesis occurs irrespective of inositol availability in the environment, prompting the question of whether the two sources of inositol go through independent metabolic pathways, thus serving distinct functions. Furthermore, the metabolic stability of myo-inositol, coupled with the uptake and endogenous synthesis, determines that there must be exit pathways to remove this extraordinary sugar from the cells to maintain its homeostasis. This essay aims to review our current knowledge of myo-inositol homeostatic metabolism, since they are critical to the signalling events played by its phosphorylated forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bessie Su
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - An-Li Andrea Ko
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Adolfo Saiardi
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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3
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Al-Suod H, Ratiu IA, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Górecki R, Buszewski B. Identification and quantification of cyclitols and sugars isolated from different morphological parts of Raphanus sativus L. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:107-112. [PMID: 34180317 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1944136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Through this study, we aimed to develop a new analytical method for identification and quantification of sugars and cyclitols isolated from different morphological parts of Raphanus sativus L (R. sativus). Accelerated solvent extraction with water was involved for targets extraction. Solid phase extraction was used for purification and preconcentration, while high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) was used for chromatographic analyses. A short method of only 30 min for a single analysis was developed finally. The obtained results, allowed for quantification of eight targets, i.e., three cyclitols (D-pinitol, allo-inositol and scyllo-inositol) and five sugars (xylose, D-mannose, D-fructose, D-glucose and sucrose) that were determined simultaneously using a single analysis. The developed method can be applied in industry as a routine method for analysis of sugars and cyclitols from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Al-Suod
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies - BioSep, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Ileana-Andreea Ratiu
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies - BioSep, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,"Raluca Ripan" Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies - BioSep, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Ryszard Górecki
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies - BioSep, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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4
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Zuo H, Si X, Li P, Li J, Chen Z, Li P, Chen C, Liu Z, Zhao J. Dynamic change of tea (Camellia sinensis) leaf cuticular wax in white tea processing for contribution to tea flavor formation. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112182. [PMID: 36596123 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite some studies on tea leaf cuticular wax, their component changes during dehydration and withering treatments in tea processing and suspected relation with tea flavor quality formation remain unknown. Here, we showed that tea leaf cuticular wax changed drastically in tea leaf development, dehydration, or withering treatment during tea processing, which affected tea flavor formation. Caffeine was found as a major component of leaf cuticular wax. Caffeine and inositol contents in leaf cuticular wax increased during dehydration and withering treatments. Comparisons showed that tea varieties with higher leaf cuticular wax loading produced more aroma than these with lower cuticular wax loading, supporting a positive correlation between tea leaf cuticular wax loading and degradation with white tea aroma formation. Dehydration or withering treatment of tea leaves also increased caffeine and inositol levels in leaf cuticular wax and triggered cuticular wax degradation into various molecules, that could be related to tea flavor formation. Thus, tea leaf cuticular waxes not only protect tea plants but also contribute to tea flavor formation. The study provides new insight into the dynamic changes of tea leaf cuticular waxes for tea plant protection and tea flavor quality formation in tea processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiongyuan Si
- Biotechnology Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Penghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Changsong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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Liu Y, Meng X, Wang H, Sun Y, Wang SY, Jiang YK, Algradi AM, Naseem A, Kuang HX, Yang BY. Inositol Derivatives with Anti-Inflammatory Activity from Leaves of Solanum capsicoides Allioni. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186063. [PMID: 36144793 PMCID: PMC9503535 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight new inositol derivatives, solsurinositols A-H (1-8), were isolated from the 70% EtOH extract of the leaves of Solanum capsicoides Allioni. Careful isolation by silica gel column chromatography followed by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) allowed us to obtain analytically pure compounds 1-8. They shared the same relative stereochemistry on the ring but have different acyl groups attached to various hydroxyl groups. This was the first time that inositol derivatives have been isolated from this plant. The chemical structures of compounds 1-8 were characterized by extensive 1D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 2D NMR and mass analyses. Meanwhile, the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of all compounds was determined using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 microglia, and among the isolates, compounds 5 (IC50 = 11.21 ± 0.14 µM) and 7 (IC50 = 14.5 ± 1.22 µM) were shown to have potential anti-inflammatory activity.
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Shamsudin S, Selamat J, Sanny M, Jambari NN, Sukor R, Salleh NA, Aziz MFA, Khatib A. Integrated Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography-Quadruple Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry-Based Untargeted Metabolomics Reveal Possible Metabolites Related to Antioxidant Activity in Stingless Bee Honey. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02271-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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7
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Structural characterization and in vitro analysis of the prebiotic activity of oligosaccharides from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) seeds. Food Chem 2022; 388:133045. [PMID: 35486989 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, lotus seed oligosaccharides (LOSs) were isolated from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) seeds using preparative liquid chromatography. LOS structures were characterized using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), acid hydrolysis, tandemmass spectrometry (MS/MS) and 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Then, Lactobacillus acidophilus was used to evaluate the prebiotic activity of LOSs in vitro. The structural analysis revealed that the monosaccharide components of LOSs included glucose, mannose, fructose and galactose. The MS/MS results indicated that disaccharides, trisaccharides, trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides were the constituents of isolated oligosaccharide polymers LOS2, LOS3-1, LOS3-2, and LOS4, respectively. The FT-IR and 1D/2D NMR data confirmed that LOS3 and LOS4 had a linear structure consisting of (1 → 6)-α-d-mannopyranosyl and glucopyranosyl residues. LOS3-1 and LOS4 effectively and selectively promoted the growth of an L. acidophilus strain, according to the results of the assays of optical density and the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content in the culture broth.
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8
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Siracusa L, Napoli E, Ruberto G. Novel Chemical and Biological Insights of Inositol Derivatives in Mediterranean Plants. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051525. [PMID: 35268625 PMCID: PMC8912080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositols (Ins) are natural compounds largely widespread in plants and animals. Bio-sinthetically they derive from sugars, possessing a molecular structure very similar to the simple sugars, and this aspect concurs to define them as primary metabolites, even though it is much more correct to place them at the boundary between primary and secondary metabolites. This dichotomy is well represented by the fact that as primary metabolites they are essential cellular components in the form of phospholipid derivatives, while as secondary metabolites they are involved in a plethora of signaling pathways playing an important role in the surviving of living organisms. myo-Inositol is the most important and widespread compound of this family, it derives directly from d-glucose, and all known inositols, including stereoisomers and derivatives, are the results of metabolic processes on this unique molecule. In this review, we report the new insights of these compounds and their derivatives concerning their occurrence in Nature with a particular emphasis on the plant of the Mediterranean area, as well as the new developments about their biological effectiveness.
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Ligor M, Kiełbasa A, Ratiu IA, Buszewski B. Separation and Quantification of Selected Sapogenins Extracted from Nettle, White Dead-Nettle, Common Soapwort and Washnut. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247705. [PMID: 34946786 PMCID: PMC8708431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Saponins are an important group of secondary metabolites naturally occurring in plants with important properties like: antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal. Moreover, they are widely used in the cosmetic industry and household chemistry. The sapogenins are saponin hydrolyses products, frequently used to facilitate saponin detection. In the present study, an improved methodology for isolation and separation of five sapogenins extracted from nettle (Urtica dioica L.), white dead-nettle (Lamium album L.), common soapwort (Saponaria officinalis L.) and washnut (Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.) was developed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with an evaporative light-scattering detector (UHPLC-ELSD). Based on quantitative analysis, the highest content of hederagenin (999.1 ± 6.3 µg/g) and oleanolic acid (386.5 ± 27.7 µg/g) was found in washnut extracts. Good recoveries (71% ± 6 up to 99% ± 8) were achieved for four investigated targets, while just 22.2% ± 0.5 was obtained for the fifth one. Moreover, hederagenin and oleanolic acid of whose highest amount was detected in washnut (999.1 ± 6.3 µg/g and 386.5 ± 27.7 µg/g, respectively) were subject to another approach. Consequently, liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (LC/MS) with multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) was used as an additional technique for fast and simultaneous identification of the mentioned targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Anna Kiełbasa
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Ileana-Andreea Ratiu
- “Raluca Ripan” Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Str., RO-400239 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland;
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (B.B.)
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10
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A Comprehensive Targeted Metabolomics Assay for Crop Plant Sample Analysis. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050303. [PMID: 34064699 PMCID: PMC8151637 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics plays an important role in various fields from health to agriculture. However, the comprehensive quantitative metabolomic analysis of plants and plant metabolites has not been widely performed. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based plant metabolomics offers the sensitivity and breadth of coverage for both phenotyping and disease diagnosis of plants. Here, we report a high-coverage and quantitative MS-based assay for plant metabolite analysis. The assay detects and quantifies 206 primary and secondary plant metabolites, including many key plant hormones. In total, it measures 28 amino acids and derivatives, 27 organic acids, 20 biogenic amines and derivatives, 40 acylcarnitines, 90 phospholipids and C-6 sugars. All the analysis methods in this assay are based on LC-MS/MS techniques using both positive and negative-mode multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The recovery rates of spiked plant samples at three different concentration levels (low, medium and high) ranged from 80% to 120%, with satisfactory precision values of less than 20%. This targeted plant metabolomic assay has been successfully applied to the analysis of large numbers of pine and spruce needle samples, canola root samples, as well as cannabis samples. Moreover, the assay was specifically developed in a 96-well plate format, which enables automated, high-throughput sample analysis. This assay has already been used to analyze over 1500 crop plant samples in less than two months.
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Patel DK, Dutta SD, Ganguly K, Cho SJ, Lim KT. Mushroom-Derived Bioactive Molecules as Immunotherapeutic Agents: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051359. [PMID: 33806285 PMCID: PMC7961999 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms with enhanced medicinal properties focus on finding such compounds that could modulate the human body's immune systems. Mushrooms have antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiviral, hepatoprotective, antitumor, and immunomodulatory properties due to the presence of various bioactive components. β-glucans are the major constituent of the mushroom cell wall and play a significant role in their biological activity. This review described the techniques used in the extraction of the active ingredients from the mushroom. We highlighted the structure of the bioactive polysaccharides present in the mushrooms. Therapeutic applications of different mushrooms were also described. It is interesting to note that mushrooms have the potential sources of many bioactive products that can regulate immunity. Thus, the development of functional medicinal food based on the mushroom is vital for human welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K. Patel
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (D.K.P.); (S.D.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (D.K.P.); (S.D.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (D.K.P.); (S.D.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Seong-Jun Cho
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (D.K.P.); (S.D.D.); (K.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-033-250-6491
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Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath as Fingerprints of Lung Cancer, Asthma and COPD. J Clin Med 2020; 10:jcm10010032. [PMID: 33374433 PMCID: PMC7796324 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are inflammatory diseases that have risen worldwide, posing a major public health issue, encompassing not only physical and psychological morbidity and mortality, but also incurring significant societal costs. The leading cause of death worldwide by cancer is that of the lung, which, in large part, is a result of the disease often not being detected until a late stage. Although COPD and asthma are conditions with considerably lower mortality, they are extremely distressful to people and involve high healthcare overheads. Moreover, for these diseases, diagnostic methods are not only costly but are also invasive, thereby adding to people’s stress. It has been appreciated for many decades that the analysis of trace volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath could potentially provide cheaper, rapid, and non-invasive screening procedures to diagnose and monitor the above diseases of the lung. However, after decades of research associated with breath biomarker discovery, no breath VOC tests are clinically available. Reasons for this include the little consensus as to which breath volatiles (or pattern of volatiles) can be used to discriminate people with lung diseases, and our limited understanding of the biological origin of the identified VOCs. Lung disease diagnosis using breath VOCs is challenging. Nevertheless, the numerous studies of breath volatiles and lung disease provide guidance as to what volatiles need further investigation for use in differential diagnosis, highlight the urgent need for non-invasive clinical breath tests, illustrate the way forward for future studies, and provide significant guidance to achieve the goal of developing non-invasive diagnostic tests for lung disease. This review provides an overview of these issues from evaluating key studies that have been undertaken in the years 2010–2019, in order to present objective and comprehensive updated information that presents the progress that has been made in this field. The potential of this approach is highlighted, while strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats are discussed. This review will be of interest to chemists, biologists, medical doctors and researchers involved in the development of analytical instruments for breath diagnosis.
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Ligor M, Bukowska M, Ratiu IA, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Buszewski B. Determination of Neonicotinoids in Honey Samples Originated from Poland and Other World Countries. Molecules 2020; 25:E5817. [PMID: 33317195 PMCID: PMC7764438 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A method development for determination of neonicotinoid residues in honey samples was developed. The proposed methodology consisted in QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe). That was used for sample preparation and UHPLC/UV (ultra-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection) utilized for chromatographic analysis. The developed method proved to be sensitive, with LOD (Limit of detection) value in the range of 60.80 to 80.98 ng/g hence LOQ (Limit of quantification) value was in the range of 184.26 to 245.40 ng/g. The method has tested on Polish honey and applied to honey from various countries (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Australia, Brazil, Cameroon, Russia, USA and Turkey). Several honey types were tested, while physicochemical properties of all honeys and were investigated. The methodology for general characterization of pollen grains originated from selected plants, to confirm the type of honey was also presented. There was a total lack of the mentioned neonicotinoids in sunflower honey. Except of this, only two samples of rapeseed and two samples of acacia honey (from Poland and Romania) were neonicotinoids free. In 19 samples the targeted pesticides were detected above LOQ. In all other investigated samples, the neonicotinoids were found at least at the LOD or LOQ level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.B.); (R.G.-K.)
| | - Małgorzata Bukowska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.B.); (R.G.-K.)
| | - Ileana-Andreea Ratiu
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland;
- “RalucaRipan” Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele, RO-400239 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Renata Gadzała-Kopciuch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.B.); (R.G.-K.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.B.); (R.G.-K.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland;
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Zuluaga AM, Mena-García A, Soria Monzón AC, Rada-Mendoza M, Chito DM, Ruiz-Matute AI, Sanz ML. Microwave assisted extraction of inositols for the valorization of legume by-products. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Zuluaga AM, Mena-García A, Chito-Trujillo D, Rada-Mendoza M, Sanz ML, Ruiz-Matute AI. Development of a microwave-assisted extraction method for the recovery of bioactive inositols from lettuce (Lactuca sativa) byproducts. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1804-1811. [PMID: 32885861 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method was developed for the extraction of bioactive inositols (D-chiro- and myo-inositols) from lettuce (Lactuca sativa) leaves as a strategy for the revalorization of these agrofood residues. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was selected for the simultaneous determination of inositols and sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) in these samples. A Box-Behnken experimental design was used to maximize the extraction of inositols based on the results of single factor tests. Optimal conditions of the extraction process were as follows: liquid-to-solid ratio of 100:1 v/w, 40°C, 30 min extraction time, 20:80 ethanol:water (v/v), and one extraction cycle. When compared with conventional solid-liquid extraction (SLE), MAE was found to be more effective for the extraction of target bioactive carbohydrates (MAE 5.42 mg/g dry sample versus SLE 4.01 mg/g dry sample). Then, MAE methodology was applied to the extraction of inositols from L. sativa leaves of different varieties (var. longifolia, var. capitata and var. crispa). D-chiro- and myo-inositol contents varied between 0.57-7.15 and 0.83-3.48 mg/g dry sample, respectively. Interfering sugars were removed from the extracts using a biotechnological procedure based on the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 24 h. The developed methodology was a good alternative to classical procedures to obtain extracts enriched in inositols from lettuce residues, which could be of interest for the agrofood industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Zuluaga
- Grupo de investigación Biotecnología, Calidad Medioambiental y Seguridad Agroalimentaria (BICAMSA), Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Adal Mena-García
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Chito-Trujillo
- Grupo de investigación Biotecnología, Calidad Medioambiental y Seguridad Agroalimentaria (BICAMSA), Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Maite Rada-Mendoza
- Grupo de investigación Biotecnología, Calidad Medioambiental y Seguridad Agroalimentaria (BICAMSA), Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - María L Sanz
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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New Methodology for the Identification of Metabolites of Saccharides and Cyclitols by Off-Line EC-MALDI-TOF-MS. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155265. [PMID: 32722273 PMCID: PMC7432413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of electrochemistry (EC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (off-line EC-MALDI-TOF-MS) was applied for determination of the studied biologically active compounds (D-glucose, D-fructose, D-galactose, D-pinitol, L-chiro-inositol, and myo-inositol) and their possible electrochemical metabolites. In this work, boron-doped diamond electrode (BDD) was used as a working electrode. MALDI-TOF-MS experiments were carried out (both in positive and negative ion modes and using two matrices) to identify the structures of electrochemical products. This was one of the first applications of the EC system for the generation of electrochemical products produced from saccharides and cyclitols. Moreover, exploratory data analysis approaches (correlation networks, hierarchical cluster analysis, weighted plots) were used in order to present differences/similarities between the obtained spectra, regarding the class of analyzed compounds, ionization modes, and used matrices. This work presents the investigation and comparison of fragmentation patterns of sugars, cyclitols, and their respective products generated through the electrochemistry (EC) process.
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Correlation Study of Honey Regarding their Physicochemical Properties and Sugars and Cyclitols Content. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010034. [PMID: 31861887 PMCID: PMC6983052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey is a natural sweetener, with an osmotic effect on microorganisms due to the increased sugar content and low amount of water. Cyclitols are minor constituents of honey. They play a defensive role in plants against unfavorable environmental conditions. Honey’s physicochemical properties can vary, resulting in a wide range of colors, flavors, scents, antioxidant activity, dissimilar values of pH, acidity, electrical conductivity, etc. Some literature regarding correlation between honey types is already available, but a comprehensive study displaying an ample evaluation of multifarious aspects is still needed. This study focuses on the correlation between 18 honey types, originating from 10 countries, collected during four years, summarizing a total of 38 samples. A total of 6 physicochemical properties and 18 target components (sugars and cyclitols) were considered as variables. A correlation analysis is presented between the investigated parameters and between honey types, together with the statistical analysis which allowed for observation of the clusters’ distribution according with the investigated variables.
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18
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Al-Suod H, Ratiu IA, Krakowska-Sieprawska A, Lahuta L, Górecki R, Buszewski B. Supercritical fluid extraction in isolation of cyclitols and sugars from chamomile flowers. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3243-3252. [PMID: 31444853 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop an optimization procedure for supercritical fluid extraction parameters, in order to obtain the highest possible yield of sugars and cyclitols from plant material. Response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design was applied to evaluate the effect of: temperature (40, 60, 80°C), pressure (100, 200, 300 bar), and co-solvent (methanol) percentage (20, 25, 30%). As a result of the optimization process, we found that the highest amount of sugars (15.02 mg/gof dried material) and cyclitols (0.86 mg/g of dried material) was obtained when the following parameters were applied: 80°C, 228 bar, and 30% of methanol. Moreover, co-solvent concentration and temperature had a higher influence onto the obtained amounts compared with the pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Al-Suod
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Ileana-Andreea Ratiu
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aneta Krakowska-Sieprawska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Lesław Lahuta
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ryszard Górecki
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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