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Karabaeva RZ, Vochshenkova TA, Mussin NM, Albayev RK, Kaliyev AA, Tamadon A. Epigenetics of hypertension as a risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1365738. [PMID: 38836231 PMCID: PMC11148232 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1365738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension, a multifaceted cardiovascular disorder influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, poses a significant risk for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Epigenetic alterations, particularly in histone modifications, DNA methylation, and microRNAs, play a pivotal role in unraveling the complex molecular underpinnings of blood pressure regulation. This review emphasizes the crucial interplay between epigenetic attributes and hypertension, shedding light on the prominence of DNA methylation, both globally and at the gene-specific level, in essential hypertension. Additionally, histone modifications, including acetylation and methylation, emerge as essential epigenetic markers linked to hypertension. Furthermore, microRNAs exert regulatory influence on blood pressure homeostasis, targeting key genes within the aldosterone and renin-angiotensin pathways. Understanding the intricate crosstalk between genetics and epigenetics in hypertension is particularly pertinent in the context of its interaction with T2DM, where hypertension serves as a notable risk factor for the development of CAD. These findings not only contribute to the comprehensive elucidation of essential hypertension but also offer promising avenues for innovative strategies in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications, especially in the context of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raushan Zh Karabaeva
- Gerontology Center, Medical Center Hospital of the President’s Affairs Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Tamara A. Vochshenkova
- Gerontology Center, Medical Center Hospital of the President’s Affairs Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Nadiar M. Mussin
- General Surgery, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Rustam K. Albayev
- Gerontology Center, Medical Center Hospital of the President’s Affairs Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Asset A. Kaliyev
- General Surgery, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Amin Tamadon
- Department for Natural Sciences, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
- Department of Research and Development, PerciaVista R&D Co., Shiraz, Iran
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Large-scale genomic analyses reveal insights into pleiotropy across circulatory system diseases and nervous system disorders. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3428. [PMID: 35701404 PMCID: PMC9198016 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30678-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical and epidemiological studies have shown that circulatory system diseases and nervous system disorders often co-occur in patients. However, genetic susceptibility factors shared between these disease categories remain largely unknown. Here, we characterized pleiotropy across 107 circulatory system and 40 nervous system traits using an ensemble of methods in the eMERGE Network and UK Biobank. Using a formal test of pleiotropy, five genomic loci demonstrated statistically significant evidence of pleiotropy. We observed region-specific patterns of direction of genetic effects for the two disease categories, suggesting potential antagonistic and synergistic pleiotropy. Our findings provide insights into the relationship between circulatory system diseases and nervous system disorders which can provide context for future prevention and treatment strategies.
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Manning AK, Goustin AS, Kleinbrink EL, Thepsuwan P, Cai J, Ju D, Leong A, Udler MS, Brown JB, Goodarzi MO, Rotter JI, Sladek R, Meigs JB, Lipovich L. A Long Non-coding RNA, LOC157273, Is an Effector Transcript at the Chromosome 8p23.1- PPP1R3B Metabolic Traits and Type 2 Diabetes Risk Locus. Front Genet 2020; 11:615. [PMID: 32754192 PMCID: PMC7367044 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Causal transcripts at genomic loci associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are mostly unknown. The chr8p23.1 variant rs4841132, associated with an insulin-resistant diabetes risk phenotype, lies in the second exon of a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) gene, LOC157273, located 175 kilobases from PPP1R3B, which encodes a key protein regulating insulin-mediated hepatic glycogen storage in humans. We hypothesized that LOC157273 regulates expression of PPP1R3B in human hepatocytes. METHODS We tested our hypothesis using Stellaris fluorescent in situ hybridization to assess subcellular localization of LOC157273; small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of LOC157273, followed by RT-PCR to quantify LOC157273 and PPP1R3B expression; RNA-seq to quantify the whole-transcriptome gene expression response to LOC157273 knockdown; and an insulin-stimulated assay to measure hepatocyte glycogen deposition before and after knockdown. RESULTS We found that siRNA knockdown decreased LOC157273 transcript levels by approximately 80%, increased PPP1R3B mRNA levels by 1.7-fold, and increased glycogen deposition by >50% in primary human hepatocytes. An A/G heterozygous carrier (vs. three G/G carriers) had reduced LOC157273 abundance due to reduced transcription of the A allele and increased PPP1R3B expression and glycogen deposition. CONCLUSION We show that the lncRNA LOC157273 is a negative regulator of PPP1R3B expression and glycogen deposition in human hepatocytes and a causal transcript at an insulin-resistant T2D risk locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa K. Manning
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Anton Scott Goustin
- Center for Molecular Medicine & Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Erica L. Kleinbrink
- Center for Molecular Medicine & Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Pattaraporn Thepsuwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine & Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Juan Cai
- Center for Molecular Medicine & Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Donghong Ju
- Center for Molecular Medicine & Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Aaron Leong
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Miriam S. Udler
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - James Bentley Brown
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Computational Biosciences Group, Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Robert Sladek
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill University and Genome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - James B. Meigs
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Leonard Lipovich
- Center for Molecular Medicine & Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). The major form of diabetes mellitus is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), which is thus largely responsible for the CHD association in the general population. Recent years have seen major advances in the genetics of T2D, principally through ever-increasing large-scale genome-wide association studies. This article addresses the question of whether this expanding knowledge of the genomics of T2D provides insight into the etiologic relationship between T2D and CHD. We will investigate this relationship by reviewing the evidence for shared genetic loci between T2D and CHD; by examining the formal testing of this interaction (Mendelian randomization studies assessing whether T2D is causal for CHD); and then turn to the implications of this genetic relationship for therapies for CHD, for therapies for T2D, and for therapies that affect both. In conclusion, the growing knowledge of the genetic relationship between T2D and CHD is beginning to provide the promise for improved prevention and treatment of both disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark O Goodarzi
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (M.O.G.)
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (J.I.R.)
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Glessner JT, Li J, Desai A, Palmer M, Kim D, Lucas AM, Chang X, Connolly JJ, Almoguera B, Harley JB, Jarvik GP, Ritchie MD, Sleiman PM, Roden DM, Crosslin D, Hakonarson H. CNV Association of Diverse Clinical Phenotypes from eMERGE reveals novel disease biology underlying cardiovascular disease. Int J Cardiol 2020; 298:107-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ramuš SM, Petrovič D. Genetic Variations and Subclinical Markers of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2018; 17:16-24. [DOI: 10.2174/1570161116666180206112635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its cardiovascular complications are the main cause of death in diabetic
patients. Patients with diabetes mellitus have a greater than 10-fold risk of cardiovascular disease in
their lifetime. The carotid Intima-Media Thickness (cIMT), a surrogate marker for the presence and
progression of atherosclerosis, predicts future cardiovascular events in asymptomatic subjects with Type
2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This review focuses on genetic variants that contribute to the pathobiology
of subclinical atherosclerosis in the setting of T2DM. Specifically, we devoted our attention to wellstudied
genes selected for their relevance for atherosclerosis. These include: The Renin-Angiotensin-
Aldosterone System (RAAS), Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR)
and pro-inflammatory genes.
</P><P>
The ever-growing availability of advanced genotyping technologies has made Genome-Wide Association
Studies (GWAS) possible. Although several bioinformatics tools have been developed to manage
and interpret the huge amounts of data produced, there has been limited success in the many attempts to
uncover the biological meaning of the novel susceptibility loci for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mankoč Ramuš
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daniel Petrovič
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Mahdavi S, Jenkins DJA, El-Sohemy A. Genetic variation in 9p21 is associated with fasting insulin in women but not men. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202365. [PMID: 30138332 PMCID: PMC6107190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 9p21 region have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but previous studies have focussed on older populations. The objective of this study was to determine the association between 9p21 genotypes and biomarkers of CVD risk in young adults from different ethnocultural groups. Methods Subjects were 1,626 participants aged 20–29 years from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study. Fasting blood was collected to measure glucose, insulin, c-reactive protein and serum lipids, as well as to isolate DNA for genotyping subjects for five SNPs in 9p21. Analyses were conducted for the entire population and separately for women (n = 1,109), men (n = 517), Caucasians (n = 771), East Asians (n = 561) South Asians (n = 175) and Others (n = 119). ANOVA and ANCOVA were used to examine if 9p21 genotypes were associated with biomarkers of CVD risk. Results In the entire group, the risk alleles of rs10757278 and rs2383206 were associated with higher mean insulin (p = 0.01). Risk alleles for rs4977574, rs10757278, rs2383206, rs1333049 and rs10757274 were associated with higher serum insulin in women (p = 0.008, p = 0.008, p = 0.0003, p = 0.002, and p = 0.001, respectively), but not in men (p = 0.41, p = 0.13, p = 0.31, p = 0.34, and 0.35, respectively). The association between 9p21 and insulin remained significant among women not taking hormonal contraceptives (HC), but was not significant among women taking HCs. Conclusion Our findings suggest that 9p21 genotypes may play a role in the development of insulin resistance in early adulthood among women, but not men, and the effects appear to be attenuated by HC use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mahdavi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J. A. Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Risk Factor Modification Centre and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, St. Michael's Health Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Spatola L, Ferraro PM, Gambaro G, Badalamenti S, Dauriz M. Metabolic syndrome and uric acid nephrolithiasis: insulin resistance in focus. Metabolism 2018; 83:225-233. [PMID: 29510180 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid nephrolithiasis (UAN) is an increasingly common disease in ethnically diverse populations and constitutes about 10% of all kidney stones. Metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus are accounted among the major risk factors for UAN, together with environmental exposure, individual lifestyle habits and genetic predisposition. The development and overt manifestation of UAN appears to stem on the background of insulin resistance, which acts at the kidney level by reducing urinary pH, thus hampering the ability of the kidney to generate renal ammonium in response to an acid load. Unduly acidic urinary pH and overt UAN are both considered renal manifestations of insulin resistance. The mechanisms underlying increased endogenous acid production and/or defective ammonium excretion are yet to be completely understood. Although the development of UAN and, more in general, of kidney stones largely recognizes modifiable individual determining factors, the rising prevalence of diabetes, obesity and accompanying metabolic disorders calls for the identification of novel therapeutic approaches and intervention targets. This review aims at providing an updated picture of existing evidence on the relationship between insulin resistance and UAN in the context of metabolic syndrome and in light of the most recent advancements in our understanding of its genetic signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Spatola
- Division of Nephrology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, MI, Italy.
| | - Pietro Manuel Ferraro
- Division of Nephrology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Division of Nephrology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Dauriz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy.
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Rabhi N, Hannou SA, Gromada X, Salas E, Yao X, Oger F, Carney C, Lopez-Mejia IC, Durand E, Rabearivelo I, Bonnefond A, Caron E, Fajas L, Dani C, Froguel P, Annicotte JS. Cdkn2a deficiency promotes adipose tissue browning. Mol Metab 2017; 8:65-76. [PMID: 29237539 PMCID: PMC5985036 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Genome-wide association studies have reported that DNA polymorphisms at the CDKN2A locus modulate fasting glucose in human and contribute to type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. Yet the causal relationship between this gene and defective energy homeostasis remains elusive. Here we sought to understand the contribution of Cdkn2a to metabolic homeostasis. Methods We first analyzed glucose and energy homeostasis from Cdkn2a-deficient mice subjected to normal or high fat diets. Subsequently Cdkn2a-deficient primary adipose cells and human-induced pluripotent stem differentiated into adipocytes were further characterized for their capacity to promote browning of adipose tissue. Finally CDKN2A levels were studied in adipocytes from lean and obese patients. Results We report that Cdkn2a deficiency protects mice against high fat diet-induced obesity, increases energy expenditure and modulates adaptive thermogenesis, in addition to improving insulin sensitivity. Disruption of Cdkn2a associates with increased expression of brown-like/beige fat markers in inguinal adipose tissue and enhances respiration in primary adipose cells. Kinase activity profiling and RNA-sequencing analysis of primary adipose cells further demonstrate that Cdkn2a modulates gene networks involved in energy production and lipid metabolism, through the activation of the Protein Kinase A (PKA), PKG, PPARGC1A and PRDM16 signaling pathways, key regulators of adipocyte beiging. Importantly, CDKN2A expression is increased in adipocytes from obese compared to lean subjects. Moreover silencing CDKN2A expression during human-induced pluripotent stem cells adipogenic differentiation promoted UCP1 expression. Conclusion Our results offer novel insight into brown/beige adipocyte functions, which has recently emerged as an attractive therapeutic strategy for obesity and T2D. Modulating Cdkn2a-regulated signaling cascades may be of interest for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Cdkn2a deficiency protects mice against high fat diet-induced obesity. Cdkn2a modulates brown-like/beige fat gene networks involved in energy production and lipid metabolism. Increased CDKN2A expression in human obese adipocytes. Increased UCP1 levels in adipocytes differentiated from CDKN2A-silenced hiPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Rabhi
- Lille University, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; CNRS, UMR 8199, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sarah Anissa Hannou
- Lille University, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; CNRS, UMR 8199, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Xavier Gromada
- Lille University, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; CNRS, UMR 8199, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Elisabet Salas
- Lille University, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; CNRS, UMR 8199, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Xi Yao
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Faculté de Médecine, F-06107 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Frédérik Oger
- Lille University, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; CNRS, UMR 8199, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Charlène Carney
- Lille University, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; CNRS, UMR 8199, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Isabel C Lopez-Mejia
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuelle Durand
- Lille University, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; CNRS, UMR 8199, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Iandry Rabearivelo
- Lille University, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; CNRS, UMR 8199, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Lille University, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; CNRS, UMR 8199, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emilie Caron
- INSERM, UMR S-1172, Development and Plasticity of Postnatal Brain, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Dani
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Faculté de Médecine, F-06107 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Lille University, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; CNRS, UMR 8199, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Jean-Sébastien Annicotte
- Lille University, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; CNRS, UMR 8199, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Association between PPAP2B gene polymorphisms and coronary heart disease susceptibility in Chinese Han males and females. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13166-13173. [PMID: 28061459 PMCID: PMC5355085 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about gender-related differences in the association between PPAP2B single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in Chinese Han males and females. We therefore conducted a case-control study with 456 cases and 685 healthy controls divided into male and female subgroups. Five PPAP2B polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected and genotyped using Sequenom Mass-ARRAY technology. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression adjusting for age and gender. Allelic model analysis revealed that for PPAP2B rs1759752, allele frequency distributions differed between cases and controls in the male subgroup (p = 0.015, OR: 1.401, 95%CI: 1.066–1.481). Genetic model analysis revealed that in the male subgroup, rs1759752 was associated with increased CHD risk in the dominant model (p = 0.035) and overdominant model (p = 0.045). In the female subgroup, rs12566304 was associated with a decreased CHD risk in the codominant model (p = 0.038) and overdominant model (p = 0.031). Additionally, the “GC” haplotypes of rs1759752 and rs1930760 were protective against CHD in males. These observations shed new light on gender-related differences in the association between PPAP2B gene polymorphisms and CHD susceptibility in the Chinese Han population.
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Liston A, Todd JA, Lagou V. Beta-Cell Fragility As a Common Underlying Risk Factor in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:181-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hall KT, Jablonski KA, Chen L, Harden M, Tolkin BR, Kaptchuk TJ, Bray GA, Ridker PM, Florez JC, Mukamal KJ, Chasman DI. Catechol-O-methyltransferase association with hemoglobin A1c. Metabolism 2016; 65:961-967. [PMID: 27282867 PMCID: PMC4924514 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Catecholamines have metabolic effects on blood pressure, insulin sensitivity and blood glucose. Genetic variation in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), an enzyme that degrades catecholamines, is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). Here we examined COMT effects on glycemic function and type 2 diabetes. METHODS We tested whether COMT polymorphisms were associated with baseline HbA1c in the Women's Genome Health Study (WGHS), and Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium (MAGIC), and with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in WGHS, DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis consortium (DIAGRAM), and the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). Given evidence that COMT modifies some drug responses, we examined association with type 2 diabetes and randomized metformin and aspirin treatment. RESULTS COMT rs4680 high-activity G-allele was associated with lower HbA1c in WGHS (β=-0.032% [0.012], p=0.008) and borderline significant in MAGIC (β=-0.006% [0.003], p=0.07). Combined COMT per val allele effects on type 2 diabetes were significant (OR=0.98 [0.96-0.998], p=0.03) in fixed-effects analyses across WGHS, DIAGRAM, and DPP. Similar results were obtained for 2 other COMT SNPs rs4818 and rs4633. In the DPP, the rs4680 val allele was borderline associated with lower diabetes incidence among participants randomized to metformin (HR=0.81 [0.65-1.00], p=0.05). CONCLUSIONS COMT rs4680 high-activity G-allele was associated with lower HbA1c and modest protection from type 2 diabetes. The directionality of COMT associations was concordant with those previously observed for cardiometabolic risk factors and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn T. Hall
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Corresponding author at: Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. Tel.: +1 617 278 0938; fax: +1 617 731 3843. (K.T. Hall)
| | | | - Ling Chen
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maegan Harden
- Genomics Platform, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Tolkin
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ted J. Kaptchuk
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George A. Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Paul M. Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jose C. Florez
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Kenneth J. Mukamal
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Trombetta M, Dauriz M, Bonetti S, Travia D, Boselli L, Santi L, Bonora E, Bonadonna RC. Is common genetic variation at IRS1, ENPP1 and TRIB3 loci associated with cardiometabolic phenotypes in type 2 diabetes? An exploratory analysis of the Verona Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Study (VNDS) 5. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:232-238. [PMID: 26868433 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), it is often accompanied by defective beta-cell function (BF) and is involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Commonalities among these traits may recognize a genetic background, possibly involving the genetic variation of insulin signaling pathway genes. We conducted an exploratory analysis by testing whether common genetic variability at IRS1, ENPP1 and TRIB3 loci is associated with cardiovascular risk traits and metabolic phenotypes in T2DM. METHODS AND RESULTS In 597 drug-naïve, GADA-negative, newly-diagnosed T2DM patients we performed: 1) genotyping of 10 independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms covering ∼ 90% of common variability at IRS1, ENPP1 and TRIB3 loci; 2) carotid artery ultrasound; 3) standard ECG (n = 450); 4) euglycaemic insulin clamp to assess insulin sensitivity; 5) 75 g-OGTT to estimate BF (derivative and proportional control) by mathematical modeling. False discovery rate of multiple comparisons was set at 0.20. After adjustment for age, sex and smoking status, rs4675095-T (IRS1) and rs4897549-A (ENPP1) were significantly associated with carotid atherosclerosis severity, whilst rs7265169-A (TRIB3) was associated with ECG abnormalities. Rs858340-G (ENPP1) was significantly associated with decreased insulin sensitivity, independently of age, sex and body-mass-index. No consistent relationships were found with BF. CONCLUSION Some associations were found between intermediate phenotypes of CVD and common genetic variation of gatekeepers along the insulin signaling pathway. These results need be replicated to support the concept that in T2DM the CVD genetic risk clock may start ticking long before hyperglycemia appears. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01526720.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Trombetta
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - M Dauriz
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - S Bonetti
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - D Travia
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - L Boselli
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - L Santi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - E Bonora
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - R C Bonadonna
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma School of Medicine, Italy; Division of Endocrinology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Parma, Italy.
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14
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Kim YK, Hwang MY, Kim YJ, Moon S, Han S, Kim BJ. Evaluation of pleiotropic effects among common genetic loci identified for cardio-metabolic traits in a Korean population. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:20. [PMID: 26833210 PMCID: PMC4736473 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic contribution to complex diseases or traits, including cardio-metabolic traits, has been elucidated recently by large-scale genome-wide association studies. These genome-wide association studies have indicated that most pleiotropic loci contain genes associated with lipids. Clinically, lipid related abnormalities are strongly associated with other diseases such as type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease and hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shared genetic background of lipids and other cardio-metabolic traits. Methods We conducted meta-analyses of the association between 157 published lipid-associated loci and 10 cardio-metabolic traits in 14,028 Korean individuals genotyped using the Exome chip (Illumina HumanExome BeadChip). We also examined whether the pleiotropic effects of such loci constituted independent (i.e., biological) pleiotropy or mediated pleiotropy in these metabolic pathways. Results Eighteen lipid-associated loci were significantly associated with one of six cardio-metabolic traits after correction for multiple testing (P < 3.70 × 10−4). Region 12q24.12 had pleiotropic effects on fasting plasma glucose, blood pressure and obesity-related traits (body mass index and waist-hip ratio) independent of its effects on the lipid profile. Lipid risk scores, calculated according to whether or not subjects carried the risk allele for lipid traits, were significantly associated with fasting plasma glucose, blood pressure and obesity-related traits. Conclusions The 12q24.12 region showed ethnic-specific genetic pleiotropy among cardio-metabolic traits in this study. Our findings may help to account for molecular mechanisms based on shared genetic background underlying not only dyslipidemia, but also cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-016-0337-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kyoung Kim
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Sciences, National Institute of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, South Korea.
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Sciences, National Institute of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, South Korea.
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Sciences, National Institute of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, South Korea.
| | - Sanghoon Moon
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Sciences, National Institute of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, South Korea.
| | - Sohee Han
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Sciences, National Institute of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, South Korea.
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Sciences, National Institute of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, South Korea.
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15
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Ma RCW. Genetics of cardiovascular and renal complications in diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2015; 7:139-54. [PMID: 27042264 PMCID: PMC4773661 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of debilitating complications represents a major heathcare burden associated with the treatment of diabetes. Despite advances in new therapies for controlling hyperglycemia, the burden associated with diabetic complications remains high, especially in relation to cardiovascular and renal complications. Furthermore, an increasing proportion of patients develop type 2 diabetes at a younger age, putting them at higher risk of developing complications as a result of the increased exposure to hyperglycemia. Diabetes has become the main contributing cause to end‐stage renal disease in most countries. Although there has been important breakthroughs in our understanding of the genetics of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, bringing important insights towards the pathogenesis of diabetes, there has been comparatively less progress in our understanding of the genetic basis of diabetic complications. Genome‐wide association studies are beginning to expand our understanding of the genetic architecture relating to diabetic complications. Improved understanding of the genetic basis of diabetic cardiorenal complications might provide an opportunity for improved risk prediction, as well as the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
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16
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Dauriz M, Porneala BC, Guo X, Bielak LF, Peyser PA, Durant NH, Carnethon MR, Bonadonna RC, Bonora E, Bowden DW, Florez JC, Fornage M, Hivert MF, Jacobs DR, Kabagambe EK, Lewis CE, Murabito JM, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Rich SS, Vassy JL, Yao J, Carr JJ, Kardia SL, Siscovick D, O'Donnell CJ, Rotter JI, Dupuis J, Meigs JB. Association of a 62 Variants Type 2 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score With Markers of Subclinical Atherosclerosis: A Transethnic, Multicenter Study. CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS 2015; 8:507-15. [PMID: 25805414 PMCID: PMC4472563 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardiovascular disease share risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis (SCA) predicts events in those with and without diabetes mellitus. T2D genetic risk may predict both T2D and SCA. We hypothesized that greater T2D genetic risk is associated with higher extent of SCA. METHODS AND RESULTS In a cross-sectional analysis, including ≤9210 European Americans, 3773 African Americans, 1446 Hispanic Americans, and 773 Chinese Americans without known cardiovascular disease and enrolled in the Framingham Heart Study, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy studies, we tested a 62 T2D-loci genetic risk score for association with measures of SCA, including coronary artery or abdominal aortic calcium score, common and internal carotid artery intima-media thickness, and ankle-brachial index. We used ancestry-stratified linear regression models, with random effects accounting for family relatedness when appropriate, applying a genetic-only (adjusted for sex) and a full SCA risk factors-adjusted model (significance, P<0.01=0.05/5, number of traits analyzed). An inverse association with coronary artery calcium score in Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Europeans (fully-adjusted P=0.004) and with common carotid artery intima-media thickness in the Framingham Heart Study (P=0.009) was not confirmed in other study cohorts, either separately or in meta-analysis. Secondary analyses showed no consistent associations with β-cell and insulin resistance genetic risk sub-scores in the Framingham Heart Study and in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults. CONCLUSIONS SCA does not have a major genetic component linked to a burden of 62 T2D loci identified by large genome-wide association studies. A shared T2D-SCA genetic basis, if any, might become apparent from better functional information about both T2D and cardiovascular disease risk loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dauriz
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona Medical School & Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Bianca C. Porneala
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics & Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Lawrence F. Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Patricia A. Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nefertiti H. Durant
- Division of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
| | - Mercedes R. Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Riccardo C. Bonadonna
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Parma School of Medicine & AOI of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Enzo Bonora
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona Medical School & Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Donald W. Bowden
- Centers for Diabetes Research & Human Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Department of Biochemistry & Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Jose C. Florez
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine & Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - David R. Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Edmond K. Kabagambe
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Cora E. Lewis
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL
| | - Joanne M. Murabito
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
| | | | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Jason L. Vassy
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Section of General Internal Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Division of General Internal Medicine & Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jie Yao
- Institute for Translational Genomics & Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | | | - Sharon L.R. Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Christopher J. O'Donnell
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics & Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - James B. Meigs
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Hannou SA, Wouters K, Paumelle R, Staels B. Functional genomics of the CDKN2A/B locus in cardiovascular and metabolic disease: what have we learned from GWASs? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:176-84. [PMID: 25744911 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) provide an unprecedented opportunity to examine, on a large scale, the association of common genetic variants with complex diseases like type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), thus allowing the identification of new potential disease loci. Using this approach, numerous studies have associated SNPs on chromosome 9p21.3 situated near the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B (CDKN2A/B) locus with the risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) and T2D. However, identifying the function of the nearby gene products (CDKN2A/B and ANRIL) in the pathophysiology of these conditions requires functional genomic studies. We review the current knowledge, from studies using human and mouse models, describing the function of CDKN2A/B gene products, which may mechanistically link the 9p21.3 risk locus with CVD and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Anissa Hannou
- University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France; Inserm, U1011, F-59000, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR3508, Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019, Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8199, Lille, France
| | - Kristiaan Wouters
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Réjane Paumelle
- University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France; Inserm, U1011, F-59000, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR3508, Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France; Inserm, U1011, F-59000, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR3508, Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019, Lille, France.
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