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Suzuki K, Hatzikotoulas K, Southam L, Taylor HJ, Yin X, Lorenz KM, Mandla R, Huerta-Chagoya A, Melloni GEM, Kanoni S, Rayner NW, Bocher O, Arruda AL, Sonehara K, Namba S, Lee SSK, Preuss MH, Petty LE, Schroeder P, Vanderwerff B, Kals M, Bragg F, Lin K, Guo X, Zhang W, Yao J, Kim YJ, Graff M, Takeuchi F, Nano J, Lamri A, Nakatochi M, Moon S, Scott RA, Cook JP, Lee JJ, Pan I, Taliun D, Parra EJ, Chai JF, Bielak LF, Tabara Y, Hai Y, Thorleifsson G, Grarup N, Sofer T, Wuttke M, Sarnowski C, Gieger C, Nousome D, Trompet S, Kwak SH, Long J, Sun M, Tong L, Chen WM, Nongmaithem SS, Noordam R, Lim VJY, Tam CHT, Joo YY, Chen CH, Raffield LM, Prins BP, Nicolas A, Yanek LR, Chen G, Brody JA, Kabagambe E, An P, Xiang AH, Choi HS, Cade BE, Tan J, Broadaway KA, Williamson A, Kamali Z, Cui J, Thangam M, Adair LS, Adeyemo A, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Ahluwalia TS, Anand SS, Bertoni A, Bork-Jensen J, Brandslund I, Buchanan TA, Burant CF, Butterworth AS, Canouil M, Chan JCN, Chang LC, Chee ML, Chen J, Chen SH, Chen YT, Chen Z, Chuang LM, Cushman M, Danesh J, Das SK, de Silva HJ, Dedoussis G, Dimitrov L, Doumatey AP, Du S, Duan Q, Eckardt KU, Emery LS, Evans DS, Evans MK, Fischer K, Floyd JS, Ford I, Franco OH, Frayling TM, Freedman BI, Genter P, Gerstein HC, Giedraitis V, González-Villalpando C, González-Villalpando ME, Gordon-Larsen P, Gross M, Guare LA, Hackinger S, Hakaste L, Han S, Hattersley AT, Herder C, Horikoshi M, Howard AG, Hsueh W, Huang M, Huang W, Hung YJ, Hwang MY, Hwu CM, Ichihara S, Ikram MA, Ingelsson M, Islam MT, Isono M, Jang HM, Jasmine F, Jiang G, Jonas JB, Jørgensen T, Kamanu FK, Kandeel FR, Kasturiratne A, Katsuya T, Kaur V, Kawaguchi T, Keaton JM, Kho AN, Khor CC, Kibriya MG, Kim DH, Kronenberg F, Kuusisto J, Läll K, Lange LA, Lee KM, Lee MS, Lee NR, Leong A, Li L, Li Y, Li-Gao R, Ligthart S, Lindgren CM, Linneberg A, Liu CT, Liu J, Locke AE, Louie T, Luan J, Luk AO, Luo X, Lv J, Lynch JA, Lyssenko V, Maeda S, Mamakou V, Mansuri SR, Matsuda K, Meitinger T, Melander O, Metspalu A, Mo H, Morris AD, Moura FA, Nadler JL, Nalls MA, Nayak U, Ntalla I, Okada Y, Orozco L, Patel SR, Patil S, Pei P, Pereira MA, Peters A, Pirie FJ, Polikowsky HG, Porneala B, Prasad G, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Reiner AP, Roden M, Rohde R, Roll K, Sabanayagam C, Sandow K, Sankareswaran A, Sattar N, Schönherr S, Shahriar M, Shen B, Shi J, Shin DM, Shojima N, Smith JA, So WY, Stančáková A, Steinthorsdottir V, Stilp AM, Strauch K, Taylor KD, Thorand B, Thorsteinsdottir U, Tomlinson B, Tran TC, Tsai FJ, Tuomilehto J, Tusie-Luna T, Udler MS, Valladares-Salgado A, van Dam RM, van Klinken JB, Varma R, Wacher-Rodarte N, Wheeler E, Wickremasinghe AR, van Dijk KW, Witte DR, Yajnik CS, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto K, Yoon K, Yu C, Yuan JM, Yusuf S, Zawistowski M, Zhang L, Zheng W, Raffel LJ, Igase M, Ipp E, Redline S, Cho YS, Lind L, Province MA, Fornage M, Hanis CL, Ingelsson E, Zonderman AB, Psaty BM, Wang YX, Rotimi CN, Becker DM, Matsuda F, Liu Y, Yokota M, Kardia SLR, Peyser PA, Pankow JS, Engert JC, Bonnefond A, Froguel P, Wilson JG, Sheu WHH, Wu JY, Hayes MG, Ma RCW, Wong TY, Mook-Kanamori DO, Tuomi T, Chandak GR, Collins FS, Bharadwaj D, Paré G, Sale MM, Ahsan H, Motala AA, Shu XO, Park KS, Jukema JW, Cruz M, Chen YDI, Rich SS, McKean-Cowdin R, Grallert H, Cheng CY, Ghanbari M, Tai ES, Dupuis J, Kato N, Laakso M, Köttgen A, Koh WP, Bowden DW, Palmer CNA, Kooner JS, Kooperberg C, Liu S, North KE, Saleheen D, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Wareham NJ, Lee J, Kim BJ, Millwood IY, Walters RG, Stefansson K, Ahlqvist E, Goodarzi MO, Mohlke KL, Langenberg C, Haiman CA, Loos RJF, Florez JC, Rader DJ, Ritchie MD, Zöllner S, Mägi R, Marston NA, Ruff CT, van Heel DA, Finer S, Denny JC, Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T, Chambers JC, Ng MCY, Sim X, Below JE, Tsao PS, Chang KM, McCarthy MI, Meigs JB, Mahajan A, Spracklen CN, Mercader JM, Boehnke M, Rotter JI, Vujkovic M, Voight BF, Morris AP, Zeggini E. Genetic drivers of heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology. Nature 2024; 627:347-357. [PMID: 38374256 PMCID: PMC10937372 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes1,2 and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type3,4. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% not of European ancestry), including 428,452 cases of T2D. We identify 1,289 independent association signals at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8) that map to 611 loci, of which 145 loci are, to our knowledge, previously unreported. We define eight non-overlapping clusters of T2D signals that are characterized by distinct profiles of cardiometabolic trait associations. These clusters are differentially enriched for cell-type-specific regions of open chromatin, including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, endothelial cells and enteroendocrine cells. We build cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores5 in a further 279,552 individuals of diverse ancestry, including 30,288 cases of T2D, and test their association with T2D-related vascular outcomes. Cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores are associated with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and end-stage diabetic nephropathy across ancestry groups, highlighting the importance of obesity-related processes in the development of vascular outcomes. Our findings show the value of integrating multi-ancestry genome-wide association study data with single-cell epigenomics to disentangle the aetiological heterogeneity that drives the development and progression of T2D. This might offer a route to optimize global access to genetically informed diabetes care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Suzuki
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henry J Taylor
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kim M Lorenz
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ravi Mandla
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Giorgio E M Melloni
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nigel W Rayner
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ozvan Bocher
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ana Luiza Arruda
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Graduate School of Experimental Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich School for Data Science, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kyuto Sonehara
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Namba
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Simon S K Lee
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael H Preuss
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren E Petty
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Philip Schroeder
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brett Vanderwerff
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mart Kals
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Fiona Bragg
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kuang Lin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London NorthWest Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Jie Yao
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Fumihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jana Nano
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Amel Lamri
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sanghoon Moon
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - James P Cook
- Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jung-Jin Lee
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ian Pan
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Daniel Taliun
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Esteban J Parra
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jin-Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yang Hai
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Wuttke
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Data Driven Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chloé Sarnowski
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Darryl Nousome
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Soo-Heon Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Meng Sun
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lin Tong
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Suraj S Nongmaithem
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, India
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victor J Y Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claudia H T Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yoonjung Yoonie Joo
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bram Peter Prins
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Aude Nicolas
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edmond Kabagambe
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Academics, Ochsner Health, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ping An
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Division of Biostatistics Research, Kaiser Permanente of Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Hyeok Sun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Brian E Cade
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingyi Tan
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - K Alaine Broadaway
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alice Williamson
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zoha Kamali
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jinrui Cui
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Manonanthini Thangam
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adebowale Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas and Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sonia S Anand
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alain Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Thomas A Buchanan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charles F Burant
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus, University of Cambridge, Hinxton, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Blood and Transplant Unit (BTRU) in Donor Health and Behaviour, Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mickaël Canouil
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Juliana C N Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Ching Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Li Chee
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ji Chen
- Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (ExCEeD), Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Shyh-Huei Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yuan-Tsong Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, USA
| | - John Danesh
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus, University of Cambridge, Hinxton, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Blood and Transplant Unit (BTRU) in Donor Health and Behaviour, Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Swapan K Das
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - H Janaka de Silva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Latchezar Dimitrov
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ayo P Doumatey
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shufa Du
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Qing Duan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leslie S Emery
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel S Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - James S Floyd
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Pauline Genter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lundquist Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Hertzel C Gerstein
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Clicerio González-Villalpando
- Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Unidad de Investigacion en Diabetes y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Elena González-Villalpando
- Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Unidad de Investigacion en Diabetes y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Myron Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lindsay A Guare
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sophie Hackinger
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Liisa Hakaste
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sohee Han
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | | | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Momoko Horikoshi
- Laboratory for Genomics of Diabetes and Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Annie-Green Howard
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Willa Hsueh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mengna Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Chii-Min Hwu
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Mohammad Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Masato Isono
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hye-Mi Jang
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Farzana Jasmine
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guozhi Jiang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Frederick K Kamanu
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fouad R Kandeel
- Department of Clinical Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Varinderpal Kaur
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jacob M Keaton
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Abel N Kho
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Health Information Partnerships, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Muhammad G Kibriya
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Duk-Hwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristi Läll
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Soochunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soochunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, South Korea
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nanette R Lee
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Aaron Leong
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Symen Ligthart
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adam E Locke
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Tin Louie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea O Luk
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China
| | - Julie A Lynch
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shiro Maeda
- Laboratory for Genomics of Diabetes and Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
- Division of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Vasiliki Mamakou
- Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sohail Rafik Mansuri
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Olle Melander
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Huan Mo
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew D Morris
- Usher Institute to the Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Filipe A Moura
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerry L Nadler
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Uma Nayak
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Lorena Orozco
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sanjay R Patel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Snehal Patil
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pei Pei
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China
| | - Mark A Pereira
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Fraser J Pirie
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Hannah G Polikowsky
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bianca Porneala
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gauri Prasad
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Campus, Ghaziabad, India
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Laura J Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rebecca Rohde
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katheryn Roll
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kevin Sandow
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Alagu Sankareswaran
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sebastian Schönherr
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Botong Shen
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jinxiu Shi
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Mun Shin
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Nobuhiro Shojima
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wing Yee So
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Adrienne M Stilp
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics, Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Tam C Tran
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Department of Medical Genetics and Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- National School of Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Teresa Tusie-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxiología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miriam S Udler
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adan Valladares-Salgado
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan B van Klinken
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Disease, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rohit Varma
- Southern California Eye Institute, CHA Hollywood Presbyterian Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Niels Wacher-Rodarte
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiologia Clinica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel R Witte
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Chittaranjan S Yajnik
- Diabetology Research Centre, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Ken Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamamoto
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kyungheon Yoon
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Zawistowski
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Liang Zhang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Leslie J Raffel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, UCI Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michiya Igase
- Department of Anti-Aging Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Touon, Japan
| | - Eli Ipp
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lundquist Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Craig L Hanis
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ya-Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diane M Becker
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James C Engert
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James G Wilson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wayne H H Sheu
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, India
- Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Francis S Collins
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michèle M Sale
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ayesha A Motala
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kyong-Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Roberta McKean-Cowdin
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Harald Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E-Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Josee Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Data Driven Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London NorthWest Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brown University Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juyoung Lee
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robin G Walters
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics, Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Precision Medicine, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sebastian Zöllner
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nicholas A Marston
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian T Ruff
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sarah Finer
- Institute for Population Health Sciences, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Joshua C Denny
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London NorthWest Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maggie C Y Ng
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jennifer E Below
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James B Meigs
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cassandra N Spracklen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Marijana Vujkovic
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.
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2
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Watkins LV, Dunstall H, Musicha C, Lawthom C, John K, Bright C, Richings C, Harding K, Moon S, Pape SE, Winterhalder R, Allgar V, Thomas RH, McLean B, Laugharne R, Shankar R. Rapid switching from levetiracetam to brivaracetam in pharmaco-resistant epilepsy in people with and without intellectual disabilities: a naturalistic case control study. J Neurol 2023; 270:5889-5902. [PMID: 37610448 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11959-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately one quarter of people with an intellectual disability (PwID) have epilepsy of whom nearly three-quarters are pharmaco-resistant. There are higher reported neuropsychiatric side-effects to anti-seizure medication (ASM) in this group. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a first-line ASM with a stronger association with neuropsychiatric symptoms for PwID than other ASMs. Brivaracetam (BRV) is a newer ASM. Recent studies suggest a beneficial effect of swapping people who experience neuropsychiatric events with LEV to BRV. However, there is limited evidence of this for PwID. This evaluation analyses real world outcomes of LEV to BRV swap for PwID compared to those without ID. METHODS We performed a multicentre, retrospective review of clinical records. Demographic, clinical characteristics and reported adverse events of patients switched from LEV to BRV (2016-2020) were recorded at 3 months pre and 6- and 12-month post-BRV initiation. Outcomes were compared between PwID and those without and summarised using cross-tabulations and logistic regression models. A Bonferroni correction was applied. RESULTS Of 77 participants, 46 had ID and 52% had a past psychiatric illness. 71% participants switched overnight from LEV to BRV. Seizure reduction of > 50% was seen in 40% patients. Psychiatric illness history was predictive of having neuropsychiatric side-effects with LEV but not BRV (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference for any primary outcomes between PwID versus without ID. CONCLUSIONS Switching from LEV to BRV appears as well tolerated and efficacious in PwID as those without ID with over 90% still on BRV after 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Watkins
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Port Talbot, UK
- University of South Wales, Aberdare, UK
- University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - H Dunstall
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Port Talbot, UK
| | - C Musicha
- University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - C Lawthom
- Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, UK
- Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - K John
- Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, UK
| | - C Bright
- University of South Wales, Aberdare, UK
- Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, UK
| | - C Richings
- Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, UK
| | - K Harding
- Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, UK
| | - S Moon
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Port Talbot, UK
| | - S E Pape
- Oxleas NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, UK
| | | | - V Allgar
- University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - R H Thomas
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - B McLean
- University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | | | - Rohit Shankar
- University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
- Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Threemilestone Industrial Estate, Truro, TR4 9LD, UK.
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3
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Bae S, Jang J, Kook Y, Baek S, Kim J, Kim M, Lee S, Moon S, Kim J, Ahn S, Jeong J. P118 Efficacy of platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in early triple-negative breast cancer according to germline BRCA mutation. Breast 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(23)00235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
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4
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Jang J, Kook Y, Baek S, Kim J, Kim M, Lee S, Moon S, Kim J, Bae S, Ahn S, Jeong J. P217 Upstaging and lymph node metastasis rate in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ who received mastectomy regarding the necessary of sentinel lymph node biopsy. Breast 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(23)00335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
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5
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Suzuki K, Hatzikotoulas K, Southam L, Taylor HJ, Yin X, Lorenz KM, Mandla R, Huerta-Chagoya A, Rayner NW, Bocher O, Arruda ALDSV, Sonehara K, Namba S, Lee SSK, Preuss MH, Petty LE, Schroeder P, Vanderwerff B, Kals M, Bragg F, Lin K, Guo X, Zhang W, Yao J, Kim YJ, Graff M, Takeuchi F, Nano J, Lamri A, Nakatochi M, Moon S, Scott RA, Cook JP, Lee JJ, Pan I, Taliun D, Parra EJ, Chai JF, Bielak LF, Tabara Y, Hai Y, Thorleifsson G, Grarup N, Sofer T, Wuttke M, Sarnowski C, Gieger C, Nousome D, Trompet S, Kwak SH, Long J, Sun M, Tong L, Chen WM, Nongmaithem SS, Noordam R, Lim VJY, Tam CHT, Joo YY, Chen CH, Raffield LM, Prins BP, Nicolas A, Yanek LR, Chen G, Brody JA, Kabagambe E, An P, Xiang AH, Choi HS, Cade BE, Tan J, Broadaway KA, Williamson A, Kamali Z, Cui J, Adair LS, Adeyemo A, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Ahluwalia TS, Anand SS, Bertoni A, Bork-Jensen J, Brandslund I, Buchanan TA, Burant CF, Butterworth AS, Canouil M, Chan JCN, Chang LC, Chee ML, Chen J, Chen SH, Chen YT, Chen Z, Chuang LM, Cushman M, Danesh J, Das SK, de Silva HJ, Dedoussis G, Dimitrov L, Doumatey AP, Du S, Duan Q, Eckardt KU, Emery LS, Evans DS, Evans MK, Fischer K, Floyd JS, Ford I, Franco OH, Frayling TM, Freedman BI, Genter P, Gerstein HC, Giedraitis V, González-Villalpando C, González-Villalpando ME, Gordon-Larsen P, Gross M, Guare LA, Hackinger S, Han S, Hattersley AT, Herder C, Horikoshi M, Howard AG, Hsueh W, Huang M, Huang W, Hung YJ, Hwang MY, Hwu CM, Ichihara S, Ikram MA, Ingelsson M, Islam MT, Isono M, Jang HM, Jasmine F, Jiang G, Jonas JB, Jørgensen T, Kandeel FR, Kasturiratne A, Katsuya T, Kaur V, Kawaguchi T, Keaton JM, Kho AN, Khor CC, Kibriya MG, Kim DH, Kronenberg F, Kuusisto J, Läll K, Lange LA, Lee KM, Lee MS, Lee NR, Leong A, Li L, Li Y, Li-Gao R, Lithgart S, Lindgren CM, Linneberg A, Liu CT, Liu J, Locke AE, Louie T, Luan J, Luk AO, Luo X, Lv J, Lynch JA, Lyssenko V, Maeda S, Mamakou V, Mansuri SR, Matsuda K, Meitinger T, Metspalu A, Mo H, Morris AD, Nadler JL, Nalls MA, Nayak U, Ntalla I, Okada Y, Orozco L, Patel SR, Patil S, Pei P, Pereira MA, Peters A, Pirie FJ, Polikowsky HG, Porneala B, Prasad G, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Reiner AP, Roden M, Rohde R, Roll K, Sabanayagam C, Sandow K, Sankareswaran A, Sattar N, Schönherr S, Shahriar M, Shen B, Shi J, Shin DM, Shojima N, Smith JA, So WY, Stančáková A, Steinthorsdottir V, Stilp AM, Strauch K, Taylor KD, Thorand B, Thorsteinsdottir U, Tomlinson B, Tran TC, Tsai FJ, Tuomilehto J, Tusie-Luna T, Udler MS, Valladares-Salgado A, van Dam RM, van Klinken JB, Varma R, Wacher-Rodarte N, Wheeler E, Wickremasinghe AR, van Dijk KW, Witte DR, Yajnik CS, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto K, Yoon K, Yu C, Yuan JM, Yusuf S, Zawistowski M, Zhang L, Zheng W, Raffel LJ, Igase M, Ipp E, Redline S, Cho YS, Lind L, Province MA, Fornage M, Hanis CL, Ingelsson E, Zonderman AB, Psaty BM, Wang YX, Rotimi CN, Becker DM, Matsuda F, Liu Y, Yokota M, Kardia SLR, Peyser PA, Pankow JS, Engert JC, Bonnefond A, Froguel P, Wilson JG, Sheu WHH, Wu JY, Hayes MG, Ma RCW, Wong TY, Mook-Kanamori DO, Tuomi T, Chandak GR, Collins FS, Bharadwaj D, Paré G, Sale MM, Ahsan H, Motala AA, Shu XO, Park KS, Jukema JW, Cruz M, Chen YDI, Rich SS, McKean-Cowdin R, Grallert H, Cheng CY, Ghanbari M, Tai ES, Dupuis J, Kato N, Laakso M, Köttgen A, Koh WP, Bowden DW, Palmer CNA, Kooner JS, Kooperberg C, Liu S, North KE, Saleheen D, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Wareham NJ, Lee J, Kim BJ, Millwood IY, Walters RG, Stefansson K, Goodarzi MO, Mohlke KL, Langenberg C, Haiman CA, Loos RJF, Florez JC, Rader DJ, Ritchie MD, Zöllner S, Mägi R, Denny JC, Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T, Chambers JC, Ng MCY, Sim X, Below JE, Tsao PS, Chang KM, McCarthy MI, Meigs JB, Mahajan A, Spracklen CN, Mercader JM, Boehnke M, Rotter JI, Vujkovic M, Voight BF, Morris AP, Zeggini E. Multi-ancestry genome-wide study in >2.5 million individuals reveals heterogeneity in mechanistic pathways of type 2 diabetes and complications. medRxiv 2023:2023.03.31.23287839. [PMID: 37034649 PMCID: PMC10081410 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.31.23287839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes. To characterise the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% non-European ancestry), including 428,452 T2D cases. We identify 1,289 independent association signals at genome-wide significance (P<5×10-8) that map to 611 loci, of which 145 loci are previously unreported. We define eight non-overlapping clusters of T2D signals characterised by distinct profiles of cardiometabolic trait associations. These clusters are differentially enriched for cell-type specific regions of open chromatin, including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, endothelial, and enteroendocrine cells. We build cluster-specific partitioned genetic risk scores (GRS) in an additional 137,559 individuals of diverse ancestry, including 10,159 T2D cases, and test their association with T2D-related vascular outcomes. Cluster-specific partitioned GRS are more strongly associated with coronary artery disease and end-stage diabetic nephropathy than an overall T2D GRS across ancestry groups, highlighting the importance of obesity-related processes in the development of vascular outcomes. Our findings demonstrate the value of integrating multi-ancestry GWAS with single-cell epigenomics to disentangle the aetiological heterogeneity driving the development and progression of T2D, which may offer a route to optimise global access to genetically-informed diabetes care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Suzuki
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henry J. Taylor
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, China
| | - Kim M. Lorenz
- Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ravi Mandla
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nigel W. Rayner
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ozvan Bocher
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ana Luiza de S. V. Arruda
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kyuto Sonehara
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Namba
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Simon S. K. Lee
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael H. Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren E. Petty
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Philip Schroeder
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brett Vanderwerff
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mart Kals
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Fiona Bragg
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kuang Lin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hosptial, London NorthWest Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Fumihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jana Nano
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Amel Lamri
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sanghoon Moon
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Robert A. Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - James P. Cook
- Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jung-Jin Lee
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ian Pan
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Daniel Taliun
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Esteban J. Parra
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississsauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Jin-Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lawrence F. Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yang Hai
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Wuttke
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Data Driven Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chloé Sarnowski
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Darryl Nousome
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Soo-Heon Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Meng Sun
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lin Tong
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Suraj S. Nongmaithem
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, India
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victor J. Y. Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claudia H. T. Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yoonjung Yoonie Joo
- Institute of Data Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Laura M. Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bram Peter Prins
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Aude Nicolas
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa R. Yanek
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edmond Kabagambe
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Academics, Ochsner Health, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ping An
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anny H. Xiang
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Division of Biostatistics Research, Kaiser Permanente of Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Hyeok Sun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Brian E. Cade
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingyi Tan
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - K. Alaine Broadaway
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alice Williamson
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zoha Kamali
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jinrui Cui
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda S. Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adebowale Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas and Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- The Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sonia S. Anand
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alain Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Thomas A. Buchanan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charles F. Burant
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adam S. Butterworth
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Hinxton, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Blood and Transplant Unit (BTRU) in Donor Health and Behaviour, Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mickaël Canouil
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Juliana C. N. Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Ching Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Li Chee
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ji Chen
- Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (ExCEeD), Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Shyh-Huei Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yuan-Tsong Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, USA
| | - John Danesh
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Hinxton, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Blood and Transplant Unit (BTRU) in Donor Health and Behaviour, Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Swapan K. Das
- Section on Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - H. Janaka de Silva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Latchezar Dimitrov
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ayo P. Doumatey
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shufa Du
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Qing Duan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leslie S. Emery
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel S. Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michele K. Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - James S. Floyd
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Oscar H. Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy M. Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Barry I. Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Pauline Genter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lundquist Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Hertzel C. Gerstein
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Clicerio González-Villalpando
- Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Unidad de Investigacion en Diabetes y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Elena González-Villalpando
- Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Unidad de Investigacion en Diabetes y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Myron Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lindsay A. Guare
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sophie Hackinger
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Sohee Han
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | | | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Dusseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Momoko Horikoshi
- Laboratory for Genomics of Diabetes and Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Annie-Green Howard
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Willa Hsueh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mengna Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai (CHGC) and Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies (SIBPT), Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Chii-Min Hwu
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Mohammad Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Masato Isono
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hye-Mi Jang
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Farzana Jasmine
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guozhi Jiang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jost B. Jonas
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Fouad R. Kandeel
- Department of Clinical Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Varinderpal Kaur
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jacob M. Keaton
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Abel N. Kho
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Health Information Partnerships, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Muhammad G. Kibriya
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Duk-Hwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristi Läll
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Leslie A. Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nanette R. Lee
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Aaron Leong
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Symen Lithgart
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia M. Lindgren
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre For Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adam E. Locke
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Present address: Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Tin Louie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jian’an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea O. Luk
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China
| | - Julie A. Lynch
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shiro Maeda
- Laboratory for Genomics of Diabetes and Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
- Division of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Vasiliki Mamakou
- Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sohail Rafik Mansuri
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, India
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Huan Mo
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew D. Morris
- The Usher Institute to the Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jerry L. Nadler
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Michael A. Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Glen Echo, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Uma Nayak
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Lorena Orozco
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sanjay R. Patel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Snehal Patil
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pei Pei
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China
| | - Mark A Pereira
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Fraser J. Pirie
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Hannah G. Polikowsky
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bianca Porneala
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gauri Prasad
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Campus, Ghaziabad, India
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Laura J. Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Dusseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rebecca Rohde
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katheryn Roll
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kevin Sandow
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Alagu Sankareswaran
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, India
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sebastian Schönherr
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Botong Shen
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jinxiu Shi
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai (CHGC) and Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies (SIBPT), Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Mun Shin
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Nobuhiro Shojima
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jennifer A. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wing Yee So
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Adrienne M. Stilp
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics, Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Tam C. Tran
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Department of Medical Genetics and Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- National School of Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Teresa Tusie-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxiología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miriam S. Udler
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adan Valladares-Salgado
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rob M. van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan B. van Klinken
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Disease, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rohit Varma
- Southern California Eye Institute, CHA Hollywood Presbyterian Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Niels Wacher-Rodarte
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiologia Clinica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel R. Witte
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Chittaranjan S. Yajnik
- Diabetology Research Centre, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Ken Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamamoto
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kyungheon Yoon
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Zawistowski
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Liang Zhang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leslie J Raffel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, UCI Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michiya Igase
- Department of Anti-Aging Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Eli Ipp
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lundquist Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael A. Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Craig L. Hanis
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, US
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ya-Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Charles N. Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diane M. Becker
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Sharon L. R. Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Patricia A. Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James S. Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James C. Engert
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James G. Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Wayne H. H. Sheu
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M. Geoffrey Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ronald C. W. Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Department of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Giriraj R. Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, India
| | - Francis S. Collins
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michèle M. Sale
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Deceased
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ayesha A. Motala
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kyong-Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Roberta McKean-Cowdin
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Harald Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E-Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Josee Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Data Driven Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Donald W. Bowden
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Colin N. A. Palmer
- Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jaspal S. Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hosptial, London NorthWest Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brown University Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- The Usher Institute to the Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Juyoung Lee
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Iona Y. Millwood
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robin G. Walters
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics, Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen L. Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose C. Florez
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marylyn D. Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Precision Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sebastian Zöllner
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Joshua C. Denny
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - John C. Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hosptial, London NorthWest Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maggie C. Y. Ng
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jennifer E. Below
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Philip S. Tsao
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hosptial, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Present address: Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James B. Meigs
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Present address: Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cassandra N. Spracklen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Josep M. Mercader
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Marijana Vujkovic
- Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin F. Voight
- Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew P. Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
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Han K, Kim S, Liaw V, Kim M, Kwon J, Moon S, Kim G, Won J, Park J, Kim H. Abstract No. 145 Resorbable Gelatin Microspheres versus Tris-Acryl Microspheres: Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Pain, Inflammatory Response and Embolic Effect after Uterine Artery Embolization for Symptomatic Fibroids. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.12.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
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Kim J, Park JH, Moon S, Kim S, Song J, Ahn S, Cho H. 46 The Effect of Mechanical Chest Compression Device on Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest According to Patient Transport Interval: A Multi-center Observational Study. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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8
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Song J, Kim SJ, Lee S, Lim H, Ahn S, Kim J, Park J, Cho HJ, Moon S, Jeon ET. 44 Prediction of Mortality Among Patients With Isolated Traumatic Brain Injury Using Machine Learning Models in Asian Countries: An International Multicenter Cohort Study. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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9
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Jin BY, Song J, Kim J, Park JH, Kim S, Cho H, Moon S, Kim DH, Ahn S. 127 Effect of Metformin on Survival Outcomes in In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients With Diabetes. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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10
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Park KW, Kim J, Seo J, Moon S, Jeong K, An K. Entropic comparison of Landau-Zener and Demkov interactions in the phase space of a quadrupole billiard. Chaos 2022; 32:103101. [PMID: 36319274 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigate two types of avoided crossings in a chaotic billiard within the framework of information theory. The Shannon entropy in the phase space for the Landau-Zener interaction increases as the center of the avoided crossing is approached, whereas for the Demkov interaction, the Shannon entropy decreases as the center of avoided crossing is passed by with an increase in the deformation parameter. This feature can provide a new indicator for scar formation. In addition, it is found that the Fisher information of the Landau-Zener interaction is significantly larger than that of the Demkov interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-W Park
- Research Institute of Mathematics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - J Seo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - S Moon
- Faculty of Liberal Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - K Jeong
- Research Institute of Mathematics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - K An
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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Mahajan A, Spracklen CN, Zhang W, Ng MCY, Petty LE, Kitajima H, Yu GZ, Rüeger S, Speidel L, Kim YJ, Horikoshi M, Mercader JM, Taliun D, Moon S, Kwak SH, Robertson NR, Rayner NW, Loh M, Kim BJ, Chiou J, Miguel-Escalada I, Della Briotta Parolo P, Lin K, Bragg F, Preuss MH, Takeuchi F, Nano J, Guo X, Lamri A, Nakatochi M, Scott RA, Lee JJ, Huerta-Chagoya A, Graff M, Chai JF, Parra EJ, Yao J, Bielak LF, Tabara Y, Hai Y, Steinthorsdottir V, Cook JP, Kals M, Grarup N, Schmidt EM, Pan I, Sofer T, Wuttke M, Sarnowski C, Gieger C, Nousome D, Trompet S, Long J, Sun M, Tong L, Chen WM, Ahmad M, Noordam R, Lim VJY, Tam CHT, Joo YY, Chen CH, Raffield LM, Lecoeur C, Prins BP, Nicolas A, Yanek LR, Chen G, Jensen RA, Tajuddin S, Kabagambe EK, An P, Xiang AH, Choi HS, Cade BE, Tan J, Flanagan J, Abaitua F, Adair LS, Adeyemo A, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Akiyama M, Anand SS, Bertoni A, Bian Z, Bork-Jensen J, Brandslund I, Brody JA, Brummett CM, Buchanan TA, Canouil M, Chan JCN, Chang LC, Chee ML, Chen J, Chen SH, Chen YT, Chen Z, Chuang LM, Cushman M, Das SK, de Silva HJ, Dedoussis G, Dimitrov L, Doumatey AP, Du S, Duan Q, Eckardt KU, Emery LS, Evans DS, Evans MK, Fischer K, Floyd JS, Ford I, Fornage M, Franco OH, Frayling TM, Freedman BI, Fuchsberger C, Genter P, Gerstein HC, Giedraitis V, González-Villalpando C, González-Villalpando ME, Goodarzi MO, Gordon-Larsen P, Gorkin D, Gross M, Guo Y, Hackinger S, Han S, Hattersley AT, Herder C, Howard AG, Hsueh W, Huang M, Huang W, Hung YJ, Hwang MY, Hwu CM, Ichihara S, Ikram MA, Ingelsson M, Islam MT, Isono M, Jang HM, Jasmine F, Jiang G, Jonas JB, Jørgensen ME, Jørgensen T, Kamatani Y, Kandeel FR, Kasturiratne A, Katsuya T, Kaur V, Kawaguchi T, Keaton JM, Kho AN, Khor CC, Kibriya MG, Kim DH, Kohara K, Kriebel J, Kronenberg F, Kuusisto J, Läll K, Lange LA, Lee MS, Lee NR, Leong A, Li L, Li Y, Li-Gao R, Ligthart S, Lindgren CM, Linneberg A, Liu CT, Liu J, Locke AE, Louie T, Luan J, Luk AO, Luo X, Lv J, Lyssenko V, Mamakou V, Mani KR, Meitinger T, Metspalu A, Morris AD, Nadkarni GN, Nadler JL, Nalls MA, Nayak U, Nongmaithem SS, Ntalla I, Okada Y, Orozco L, Patel SR, Pereira MA, Peters A, Pirie FJ, Porneala B, Prasad G, Preissl S, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Reiner AP, Roden M, Rohde R, Roll K, Sabanayagam C, Sander M, Sandow K, Sattar N, Schönherr S, Schurmann C, Shahriar M, Shi J, Shin DM, Shriner D, Smith JA, So WY, Stančáková A, Stilp AM, Strauch K, Suzuki K, Takahashi A, Taylor KD, Thorand B, Thorleifsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Tomlinson B, Torres JM, Tsai FJ, Tuomilehto J, Tusie-Luna T, Udler MS, Valladares-Salgado A, van Dam RM, van Klinken JB, Varma R, Vujkovic M, Wacher-Rodarte N, Wheeler E, Whitsel EA, Wickremasinghe AR, van Dijk KW, Witte DR, Yajnik CS, Yamamoto K, Yamauchi T, Yengo L, Yoon K, Yu C, Yuan JM, Yusuf S, Zhang L, Zheng W, Raffel LJ, Igase M, Ipp E, Redline S, Cho YS, Lind L, Province MA, Hanis CL, Peyser PA, Ingelsson E, Zonderman AB, Psaty BM, Wang YX, Rotimi CN, Becker DM, Matsuda F, Liu Y, Zeggini E, Yokota M, Rich SS, Kooperberg C, Pankow JS, Engert JC, Chen YDI, Froguel P, Wilson JG, Sheu WHH, Kardia SLR, Wu JY, Hayes MG, Ma RCW, Wong TY, Groop L, Mook-Kanamori DO, Chandak GR, Collins FS, Bharadwaj D, Paré G, Sale MM, Ahsan H, Motala AA, Shu XO, Park KS, Jukema JW, Cruz M, McKean-Cowdin R, Grallert H, Cheng CY, Bottinger EP, Dehghan A, Tai ES, Dupuis J, Kato N, Laakso M, Köttgen A, Koh WP, Palmer CNA, Liu S, Abecasis G, Kooner JS, Loos RJF, North KE, Haiman CA, Florez JC, Saleheen D, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Mägi R, Langenberg C, Wareham NJ, Maeda S, Kadowaki T, Lee J, Millwood IY, Walters RG, Stefansson K, Myers SR, Ferrer J, Gaulton KJ, Meigs JB, Mohlke KL, Gloyn AL, Bowden DW, Below JE, Chambers JC, Sim X, Boehnke M, Rotter JI, McCarthy MI, Morris AP. Multi-ancestry genetic study of type 2 diabetes highlights the power of diverse populations for discovery and translation. Nat Genet 2022; 54:560-572. [PMID: 35551307 PMCID: PMC9179018 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We assembled an ancestrally diverse collection of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 180,834 affected individuals and 1,159,055 controls (48.9% non-European descent) through the Diabetes Meta-Analysis of Trans-Ethnic association studies (DIAMANTE) Consortium. Multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis identified 237 loci attaining stringent genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-9), which were delineated to 338 distinct association signals. Fine-mapping of these signals was enhanced by the increased sample size and expanded population diversity of the multi-ancestry meta-analysis, which localized 54.4% of T2D associations to a single variant with >50% posterior probability. This improved fine-mapping enabled systematic assessment of candidate causal genes and molecular mechanisms through which T2D associations are mediated, laying the foundations for functional investigations. Multi-ancestry genetic risk scores enhanced transferability of T2D prediction across diverse populations. Our study provides a step toward more effective clinical translation of T2D GWAS to improve global health for all, irrespective of genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubha Mahajan
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Cassandra N Spracklen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Maggie C Y Ng
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lauren E Petty
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hidetoshi Kitajima
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Cancer Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Grace Z Yu
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sina Rüeger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leo Speidel
- Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Momoko Horikoshi
- Laboratory for Genomics of Diabetes and Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Taliun
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sanghoon Moon
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Heon Kwak
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Neil R Robertson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nigel W Rayner
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marie Loh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Joshua Chiou
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Studies Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Irene Miguel-Escalada
- Regulatory Genomics and Diabetes, Centre for Genomic Regulation, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Kuang Lin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fiona Bragg
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael H Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fumihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jana Nano
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Amel Lamri
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jung-Jin Lee
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicologí, a AmbientalInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jin-Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Esteban J Parra
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yang Hai
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | - James P Cook
- Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mart Kals
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ellen M Schmidt
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ian Pan
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Wuttke
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Data Driven Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chloe Sarnowski
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christian Gieger
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Darryl Nousome
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Meng Sun
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lin Tong
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Meraj Ahmad
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, India
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Victor J Y Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claudia H T Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yoonjung Yoonie Joo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute of Data Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cécile Lecoeur
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Bram Peter Prins
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Aude Nicolas
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard A Jensen
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Salman Tajuddin
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edmond K Kabagambe
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Academics, Ochsner Health, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ping An
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Division of Biostatistics Research, Kaiser Permanente of Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Hyeok Sun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Brian E Cade
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingyi Tan
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jack Flanagan
- Laboratory for Genomics of Diabetes and Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Fernando Abaitua
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Oxford, UK
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adebowale Adeyemo
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas and Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Ocular Pathology and Imaging Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sonia S Anand
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alain Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chad M Brummett
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas A Buchanan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mickaël Canouil
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Juliana C N Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Ching Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Li Chee
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ji Chen
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (ExCEeD), Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Shyh-Huei Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yuan-Tsong Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, USA
| | - Swapan K Das
- Section on Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - H Janaka de Silva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Latchezar Dimitrov
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ayo P Doumatey
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shufa Du
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Qing Duan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leslie S Emery
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel S Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - James S Floyd
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Pauline Genter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lundquist Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Hertzel C Gerstein
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Clicerio González-Villalpando
- Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Unidad de Investigacion en Diabetes y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Elena González-Villalpando
- Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Unidad de Investigacion en Diabetes y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David Gorkin
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Myron Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sophie Hackinger
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Sohee Han
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annie-Green Howard
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Willa Hsueh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mengna Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai (CHGC) and Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies (SIBPT), Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Chii-Min Hwu
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Mohammad Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Masato Isono
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hye-Mi Jang
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Farzana Jasmine
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guozhi Jiang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marit E Jørgensen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, Southern Denmark University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fouad R Kandeel
- Department of Clinical Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Varinderpal Kaur
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jacob M Keaton
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abel N Kho
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Health Information Partnerships, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Muhammad G Kibriya
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Duk-Hwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Katsuhiko Kohara
- Department of Regional Resource Management, Ehime University Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation, Ehime, Japan
- Ibusuki Kozenkai Hospital, Ibusuki, Japan
| | - Jennifer Kriebel
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristi Läll
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nanette R Lee
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Aaron Leong
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Symen Ligthart
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adam E Locke
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Tin Louie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea O Luk
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vasiliki Mamakou
- Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - K Radha Mani
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, India
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andrew D Morris
- The Usher Institute to the Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Girish N Nadkarni
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Digital Health Center, Digital Engineering Faculty of Hasso Plattner Institue and University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- The Division of Data Driven and Digital Medicine (D3M), Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerry L Nadler
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Glen Echo, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Uma Nayak
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Suraj S Nongmaithem
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Lorena Orozco
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sanjay R Patel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark A Pereira
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Fraser J Pirie
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Bianca Porneala
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gauri Prasad
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre Campus, Ghaziabad, India
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sebastian Preissl
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura J Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rebecca Rohde
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn Roll
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maike Sander
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Sandow
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sebastian Schönherr
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Digital Health Center, Digital Engineering Faculty of Hasso Plattner Institue and University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), Biological Sciences Division, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jinxiu Shi
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai (CHGC) and Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies (SIBPT), Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Mun Shin
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel Shriner
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wing Yee So
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Adrienne M Stilp
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ken Suzuki
- Laboratory for Genomics of Diabetes and Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Thorand
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics, Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Reykjavik, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jason M Torres
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Department of Medical Genetics and Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- National School of Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience and Preventive Medicine, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
- Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Teresa Tusie-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxiología, Ambiental Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miriam S Udler
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adan Valladares-Salgado
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan B van Klinken
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Disease, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rohit Varma
- Southern California Eye Institute, CHA Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marijana Vujkovic
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Niels Wacher-Rodarte
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiologia Clinica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel R Witte
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Chittaranjan S Yajnik
- Diabetology Research Centre, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Ken Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Loïc Yengo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kyungheon Yoon
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liang Zhang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Leslie J Raffel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, UCI Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michiya Igase
- Department of Anti-Aging Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Eli Ipp
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lundquist Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Craig L Hanis
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ya-Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diane M Becker
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James C Engert
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Wayne H H Sheu
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leif Groop
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, India
| | - Francis S Collins
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre Campus, Ghaziabad, India
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michèle M Sale
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ayesha A Motala
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kyong-Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberta McKean-Cowdin
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Harald Grallert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Digital Health Center, Digital Engineering Faculty of Hasso Plattner Institue and University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - E-Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Data Driven Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brown University Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Goncalo Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shiro Maeda
- Laboratory for Genomics of Diabetes and Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
- Division of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juyoung Lee
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robin G Walters
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics, Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Reykjavik, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Simon R Myers
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jorge Ferrer
- Regulatory Genomics and Diabetes, Centre for Genomic Regulation, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Section of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kyle J Gaulton
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James B Meigs
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anna L Gloyn
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer E Below
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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Cho S, Moon S, Park S, Sahyun P, Kwon O, Lee Y. Nocturia as a risk factor of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality: Data from the national health and nutrition examination survey. Eur Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(22)00919-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Yoon JG, Song SH, Choi S, Oh J, Jang IJ, Kim YJ, Moon S, Kim BJ, Cho Y, Kim HK, Min S, Ha J, Shin HS, Yang CW, Yoon HE, Yang J, Lee MG, Park JB, Kim MS. Unraveling the Genomic Architecture of the CYP3A Locus and ADME Genes for Personalized Tacrolimus Dosing. Transplantation 2021; 105:2213-2225. [PMID: 33654003 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tacrolimus (TAC) is an immunosuppressant widely prescribed following an allogenic organ transplant. Due to wide interindividual pharmacokinetic (PK) variability, optimizing TAC dosing based on genetic factors is required to minimize nephrotoxicity and acute rejections. METHODS We enrolled 1133 participants receiving TAC from 4 cohorts, consisting of 3 with kidney transplant recipients and 1 with healthy males from clinical trials. The effects of clinical factors were estimated to appropriately control confounding variables. A genome-wide association study, haplotype analysis, and a gene-based association test were conducted using the Korea Biobank Array or targeted sequencing for 114 pharmacogenes. RESULTS Genome-wide association study verified that CYP3A5*3 is the only common variant associated with TAC PK variability in Koreans. We detected several CYP3A5 and CYP3A4 rare variants that could potentially affect TAC metabolism. The haplotype structure of CYP3A5 stratified by CYP3A5*3 was a significant factor for CYP3A5 rare variant interpretation. CYP3A4 rare variant carriers among CYP3A5 intermediate metabolizers displayed higher TAC trough levels. Gene-based association tests in the 61 absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion genes revealed that CYP1A1 are associated with additional TAC PK variability: CYP1A1 rare variant carriers among CYP3A5 poor metabolizers showed lower TAC trough levels than the noncarrier controls. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that rare variant profiling of CYP3A5 and CYP3A4, combined with the haplotype structures of CYP3A locus, provide additive value for personalized TAC dosing. We also identified a novel association between CYP1A1 rare variants and TAC PK variability in the CYP3A5 nonexpressers that needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon G Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Song
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoung Choi
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Hanyang University (ERICA), Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseong Oh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jin Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Moon
- Division of Genome Research, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Cho
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Kee Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangil Min
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwon Ha
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sik Shin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Woo Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Eun Yoon
- Divison of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Goo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Berm Park
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Behrouzi R, Moon S, Eaton D. 327P Predictors of progression-free survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving palbociclib with letrozole. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Chen J, Spracklen CN, Marenne G, Varshney A, Corbin LJ, Luan J, Willems SM, Wu Y, Zhang X, Horikoshi M, Boutin TS, Mägi R, Waage J, Li-Gao R, Chan KHK, Yao J, Anasanti MD, Chu AY, Claringbould A, Heikkinen J, Hong J, Hottenga JJ, Huo S, Kaakinen MA, Louie T, März W, Moreno-Macias H, Ndungu A, Nelson SC, Nolte IM, North KE, Raulerson CK, Ray D, Rohde R, Rybin D, Schurmann C, Sim X, Southam L, Stewart ID, Wang CA, Wang Y, Wu P, Zhang W, Ahluwalia TS, Appel EVR, Bielak LF, Brody JA, Burtt NP, Cabrera CP, Cade BE, Chai JF, Chai X, Chang LC, Chen CH, Chen BH, Chitrala KN, Chiu YF, de Haan HG, Delgado GE, Demirkan A, Duan Q, Engmann J, Fatumo SA, Gayán J, Giulianini F, Gong JH, Gustafsson S, Hai Y, Hartwig FP, He J, Heianza Y, Huang T, Huerta-Chagoya A, Hwang MY, Jensen RA, Kawaguchi T, Kentistou KA, Kim YJ, Kleber ME, Kooner IK, Lai S, Lange LA, Langefeld CD, Lauzon M, Li M, Ligthart S, Liu J, Loh M, Long J, Lyssenko V, Mangino M, Marzi C, Montasser ME, Nag A, Nakatochi M, Noce D, Noordam R, Pistis G, Preuss M, Raffield L, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Rich SS, Robertson NR, Rueedi R, Ryan K, Sanna S, Saxena R, Schraut KE, Sennblad B, Setoh K, Smith AV, Sparsø T, Strawbridge RJ, Takeuchi F, Tan J, Trompet S, van den Akker E, van der Most PJ, Verweij N, Vogel M, Wang H, Wang C, Wang N, Warren HR, Wen W, Wilsgaard T, Wong A, Wood AR, Xie T, Zafarmand MH, Zhao JH, Zhao W, Amin N, Arzumanyan Z, Astrup A, Bakker SJL, Baldassarre D, Beekman M, Bergman RN, Bertoni A, Blüher M, Bonnycastle LL, Bornstein SR, Bowden DW, Cai Q, Campbell A, Campbell H, Chang YC, de Geus EJC, Dehghan A, Du S, Eiriksdottir G, Farmaki AE, Frånberg M, Fuchsberger C, Gao Y, Gjesing AP, Goel A, Han S, Hartman CA, Herder C, Hicks AA, Hsieh CH, Hsueh WA, Ichihara S, Igase M, Ikram MA, Johnson WC, Jørgensen ME, Joshi PK, Kalyani RR, Kandeel FR, Katsuya T, Khor CC, Kiess W, Kolcic I, Kuulasmaa T, Kuusisto J, Läll K, Lam K, Lawlor DA, Lee NR, Lemaitre RN, Li H, Lin SY, Lindström J, Linneberg A, Liu J, Lorenzo C, Matsubara T, Matsuda F, Mingrone G, Mooijaart S, Moon S, Nabika T, Nadkarni GN, Nadler JL, Nelis M, Neville MJ, Norris JM, Ohyagi Y, Peters A, Peyser PA, Polasek O, Qi Q, Raven D, Reilly DF, Reiner A, Rivideneira F, Roll K, Rudan I, Sabanayagam C, Sandow K, Sattar N, Schürmann A, Shi J, Stringham HM, Taylor KD, Teslovich TM, Thuesen B, Timmers PRHJ, Tremoli E, Tsai MY, Uitterlinden A, van Dam RM, van Heemst D, van Hylckama Vlieg A, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Vangipurapu J, Vestergaard H, Wang T, Willems van Dijk K, Zemunik T, Abecasis GR, Adair LS, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, An P, Aviles-Santa L, Becker DM, Beilin LJ, Bergmann S, Bisgaard H, Black C, Boehnke M, Boerwinkle E, Böhm BO, Bønnelykke K, Boomsma DI, Bottinger EP, Buchanan TA, Canouil M, Caulfield MJ, Chambers JC, Chasman DI, Chen YDI, Cheng CY, Collins FS, Correa A, Cucca F, de Silva HJ, Dedoussis G, Elmståhl S, Evans MK, Ferrannini E, Ferrucci L, Florez JC, Franks PW, Frayling TM, Froguel P, Gigante B, Goodarzi MO, Gordon-Larsen P, Grallert H, Grarup N, Grimsgaard S, Groop L, Gudnason V, Guo X, Hamsten A, Hansen T, Hayward C, Heckbert SR, Horta BL, Huang W, Ingelsson E, James PS, Jarvelin MR, Jonas JB, Jukema JW, Kaleebu P, Kaplan R, Kardia SLR, Kato N, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi SM, Kim BJ, Kivimaki M, Koistinen HA, Kooner JS, Körner A, Kovacs P, Kuh D, Kumari M, Kutalik Z, Laakso M, Lakka TA, Launer LJ, Leander K, Li H, Lin X, Lind L, Lindgren C, Liu S, Loos RJF, Magnusson PKE, Mahajan A, Metspalu A, Mook-Kanamori DO, Mori TA, Munroe PB, Njølstad I, O'Connell JR, Oldehinkel AJ, Ong KK, Padmanabhan S, Palmer CNA, Palmer ND, Pedersen O, Pennell CE, Porteous DJ, Pramstaller PP, Province MA, Psaty BM, Qi L, Raffel LJ, Rauramaa R, Redline S, Ridker PM, Rosendaal FR, Saaristo TE, Sandhu M, Saramies J, Schneiderman N, Schwarz P, Scott LJ, Selvin E, Sever P, Shu XO, Slagboom PE, Small KS, Smith BH, Snieder H, Sofer T, Sørensen TIA, Spector TD, Stanton A, Steves CJ, Stumvoll M, Sun L, Tabara Y, Tai ES, Timpson NJ, Tönjes A, Tuomilehto J, Tusie T, Uusitupa M, van der Harst P, van Duijn C, Vitart V, Vollenweider P, Vrijkotte TGM, Wagenknecht LE, Walker M, Wang YX, Wareham NJ, Watanabe RM, Watkins H, Wei WB, Wickremasinghe AR, Willemsen G, Wilson JF, Wong TY, Wu JY, Xiang AH, Yanek LR, Yengo L, Yokota M, Zeggini E, Zheng W, Zonderman AB, Rotter JI, Gloyn AL, McCarthy MI, Dupuis J, Meigs JB, Scott RA, Prokopenko I, Leong A, Liu CT, Parker SCJ, Mohlke KL, Langenberg C, Wheeler E, Morris AP, Barroso I. The trans-ancestral genomic architecture of glycemic traits. Nat Genet 2021; 53:840-860. [PMID: 34059833 PMCID: PMC7610958 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00852-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycemic traits are used to diagnose and monitor type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic health. To date, most genetic studies of glycemic traits have focused on individuals of European ancestry. Here we aggregated genome-wide association studies comprising up to 281,416 individuals without diabetes (30% non-European ancestry) for whom fasting glucose, 2-h glucose after an oral glucose challenge, glycated hemoglobin and fasting insulin data were available. Trans-ancestry and single-ancestry meta-analyses identified 242 loci (99 novel; P < 5 × 10-8), 80% of which had no significant evidence of between-ancestry heterogeneity. Analyses restricted to individuals of European ancestry with equivalent sample size would have led to 24 fewer new loci. Compared with single-ancestry analyses, equivalent-sized trans-ancestry fine-mapping reduced the number of estimated variants in 99% credible sets by a median of 37.5%. Genomic-feature, gene-expression and gene-set analyses revealed distinct biological signatures for each trait, highlighting different underlying biological pathways. Our results increase our understanding of diabetes pathophysiology by using trans-ancestry studies for improved power and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Chen
- Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cassandra N Spracklen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Gaëlle Marenne
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, Brest, France
| | - Arushi Varshney
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laura J Corbin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara M Willems
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xiaoshuai Zhang
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Momoko Horikoshi
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Laboratory for Genomics of Diabetes and Metabolism, RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Thibaud S Boutin
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Johannes Waage
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kei Hang Katie Chan
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Mila D Anasanti
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Audrey Y Chu
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annique Claringbould
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jani Heikkinen
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jaeyoung Hong
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behaviour and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shaofeng Huo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Marika A Kaakinen
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Section of Statistical Multi-omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Research, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Tin Louie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Winfried März
- SYNLAB Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | | | - Anne Ndungu
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah C Nelson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kari E North
- CVD Genetic Epidemiology Computational Laboratory, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Debashree Ray
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca Rohde
- CVD Genetic Epidemiology Computational Laboratory, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Denis Rybin
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- HPI Digital Health Center, Digital Health and Personalized Medicine, Hasso Plattner Institute, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National Univeristy of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Isobel D Stewart
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yujie Wang
- CVD Genetic Epidemiology Computational Laboratory, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Peitao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil V R Appel
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Noël P Burtt
- Metabolism Program, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Claudia P Cabrera
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Brian E Cade
- Department of Medicine, Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jin Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National Univeristy of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoran Chai
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li-Ching Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Brian H Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, The Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yen-Feng Chiu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hugoline G de Haan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Section of Statistical Multi-omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Research, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Qing Duan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jorgen Engmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Segun A Fatumo
- Uganda Medical Informatics Centre (UMIC), MRC/UVRI and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (Uganda Research Unit), Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- H3Africa Bioinformatics Network (H3ABioNet) Node, Centre for Genomics Research and Innovation, NABDA/FMST, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jung Ho Gong
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yang Hai
- Department of Statistics, The University of Auckland, Science Center, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fernando P Hartwig
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Jing He
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Obesity Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine Unit, National Council for Science and Technology, Mexico City, Mexico
- Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine Unit, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Richard A Jensen
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Ishminder K Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Shuiqing Lai
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Department of Medicine, Divison of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Marie Lauzon
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Man Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Symen Ligthart
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marie Loh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Science, Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Carola Marzi
- Institute of Epidemiology, Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - May E Montasser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhishek Nag
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Damia Noce
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Pistis
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Michael Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura J Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Neil R Robertson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rico Rueedi
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kathleen Ryan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Serena Sanna
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katharina E Schraut
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bengt Sennblad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kazuya Setoh
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Albert V Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Thomas Sparsø
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Medicine Solna, Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jingyi Tan
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Erik van den Akker
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Genomics PLC, Oxford, UK
| | - Mandy Vogel
- Center of Pediatric Research, University Children's Hospital Leipzig, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heming Wang
- Department of Medicine, Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chaolong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Helen R Warren
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Hadi Zafarmand
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jing-Hua Zhao
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zorayr Arzumanyan
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Damiano Baldassarre
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Richard N Bergman
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alain Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lori L Bonnycastle
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institues of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department for Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yi Cheng Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behaviour and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shufa Du
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Aliki Eleni Farmaki
- Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mattias Frånberg
- Department of Medicine Solna, Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Yutang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Anette P Gjesing
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sohee Han
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathy and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrew A Hicks
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Chang-Hsun Hsieh
- Internal Medicine, Endocrine and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Willa A Hsueh
- Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Michiya Igase
- Department of Anti-aging Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W Craig Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marit E Jørgensen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rita R Kalyani
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fouad R Kandeel
- Clinical Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Center of Pediatric Research, University Children's Hospital Leipzig, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- Institute of Biomedicine, Bioinformatics Center, Univeristy of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristi Läll
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kelvin Lam
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nanette R Lee
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, the Philippines
- Department of Anthropology, Sociology and History, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, the Philippines
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Honglan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes and Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaana Lindström
- Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carlos Lorenzo
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Tatsuaki Matsubara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Geltrude Mingrone
- Department of Diabetes, Diabetes, and Nutritional Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Mooijaart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sanghoon Moon
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Girish N Nadkarni
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerry L Nadler
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Mari Nelis
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Matt J Neville
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jill M Norris
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yasumasa Ohyagi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neurology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Gen-Info, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dennis Raven
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathy and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dermot F Reilly
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Alex Reiner
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Fernando Rivideneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kathryn Roll
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health, The Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kevin Sandow
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Naveed Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Jinxiu Shi
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai (CHGC) and Shanghai Academy of Science & Technology (SAST), Shanghai, China
| | - Heather M Stringham
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | - Betina Thuesen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul R H J Timmers
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Andre Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National Univeristy of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jana V van Vliet-Ostaptchouk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jagadish Vangipurapu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Bornholms Hospital, Rønne, Denmark
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tatijana Zemunik
- Department of Human Biology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Gonçalo R Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carlos Alberto Aguilar-Salinas
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición and Tec Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Tec Salud, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
- Department of Medical Genomics, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Government Center for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ping An
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Larissa Aviles-Santa
- Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diane M Becker
- Department of Medicine, General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence J Beilin
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sven Bergmann
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Corri Black
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bernhard O Böhm
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Graduate School of Molecular Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- LKC School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Imperial College London, UK, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behaviour and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Digital Health Center, Hasso Plattner Institut, University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas A Buchanan
- University of Southern California Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mickaël Canouil
- INSERM UMR 1283/CNRS UMR 8199, European Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Université de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM UMR 1283/CNRS UMR 8199, European Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francis S Collins
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institues of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - H Janaka de Silva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Kallithea, Greece
| | - Sölve Elmståhl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Philippe Froguel
- INSERM UMR 1283/CNRS UMR 8199, European Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Université de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM UMR 1283/CNRS UMR 8199, European Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Harald Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology, Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sameline Grimsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Leif Groop
- Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Department of Medicine Solna, Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bernardo L Horta
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai (CHGC) and Shanghai Academy of Science & Technology (SAST), Shanghai, China
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pankow S James
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Marjo-Ritta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu Univerisity Hospital, OYS, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel IOB, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Robert Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Norihiro Kato
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sirkka M Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Antje Körner
- Center of Pediatric Research, University Children's Hospital Leipzig, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London, London, UK
| | - Meena Kumari
- Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, Division of Biostatistics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karin Leander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huaixing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lindgren
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Swedish Twin Registry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Inger Njølstad
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jeffrey R O'Connell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathy and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Michael A Province
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Leslie J Raffel
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetic and Genomic Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Susan Redline
- Department of Medicine, Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Havard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Timo E Saaristo
- Tampere, Finnish Diabetes Association, Tampere, Finland
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Peter Schwarz
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department for Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Laura J Scott
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Sever
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kerrin S Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alice Stanton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire J Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Ageing and Health, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Liang Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National Univeristy of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Teresa Tusie
- Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine Unit, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelia van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tanja G M Vrijkotte
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mark Walker
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ya X Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nick J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard M Watanabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wen B Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behaviour and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente of Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- Department of Medicine, General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Loïc Yengo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Anna L Gloyn
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James B Meigs
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Section of Statistical Multi-omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Research, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Aaron Leong
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen C J Parker
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Moon M, Shin J, Choi K, Kang J, Rim G, Jo H, Moon S. P62.01 3D Cell Model Development for Optimizing Intrapleural Hyperthermic Chemotherapy in Advanced Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Imamura M, Takahashi A, Matsunami M, Horikoshi M, Iwata M, Araki SI, Toyoda M, Susarla G, Ahn J, Park KH, Kong J, Moon S, Sobrin L, Yamauchi T, Tobe K, Maegawa H, Kadowaki T, Maeda S. Genome-wide association studies identify two novel loci conferring susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:716-726. [PMID: 33607655 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports have suggested that genetic susceptibility contributes to the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. We aimed to identify genetic loci that confer susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. We analysed 5 790 508 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 8880 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, 4839 retinopathy cases and 4041 controls, as well as 2217 independent Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, 693 retinopathy cases and 1524 controls. The results of these two genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were combined with an inverse variance meta-analysis (Stage-1), followed by de novo genotyping for the candidate SNP loci (P < 1.0 × 10-4) in an independent case-control study (Stage-2, 2260 cases and 723 controls). After combining the association data (Stages 1 and 2) using meta-analysis, the associations of two loci reached a genome-wide significance level: rs12630354 near STT3B on chromosome 3, P = 1.62 × 10-9, odds ratio (OR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-1.23, and rs140508424 within PALM2 on chromosome 9, P = 4.19 × 10-8, OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.36-1.91. However, the association of these two loci was not replicated in Korean, European or African American populations. Gene-based analysis using Stage-1 GWAS data identified a gene-level association of EHD3 with susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy (P = 2.17 × 10-6). In conclusion, we identified two novel SNP loci, STT3B and PALM2, and a novel gene, EHD3, that confers susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy; however, further replication studies are required to validate these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Imamura
- Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.,Division of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.,Laboratory for Genomics of Diabetes and Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Research Institute, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka 564-8565, Japan.,Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Matsunami
- Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.,Laboratory for Genomics of Diabetes and Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Momoko Horikoshi
- Laboratory for Genomics of Diabetes and Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Minoru Iwata
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.,Itoigawa Community Medical Unit, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Araki
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masao Toyoda
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Gayatri Susarla
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jeeyun Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Municipal Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyung Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Jinhwa Kong
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Korea
| | - Sanghoon Moon
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Korea
| | - Lucia Sobrin
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.,Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan.,Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan
| | - Shiro Maeda
- Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.,Division of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.,Laboratory for Genomics of Diabetes and Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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18
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Goriaev A, Wauters T, Möller S, Brakel R, Brezinsek S, Buermans J, Crombé K, Dinklage A, Habrichs R, Höschen D, Krause M, Kovtun Y, López-Rodríguez D, Louche F, Moon S, Nicolai D, Thomas J, Ragona R, Rubel M, Rüttgers T, Petersson P, Brunsell P, Linsmeier C, Van Schoor M. The upgraded TOMAS device: A toroidal plasma facility for wall conditioning, plasma production, and plasma-surface interaction studies. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:023506. [PMID: 33648119 DOI: 10.1063/5.0033229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Toroidal Magnetized System device has been significantly upgraded to enable development of various wall conditioning techniques, including methods based on ion and electron cyclotron (IC/EC) range of frequency plasmas, and to complement plasma-wall interaction research in tokamaks and stellarators. The toroidal magnetic field generated by 16 coils can reach its maximum of 125 mT on the toroidal axis. The EC system is operated at 2.45 GHz with up to 6 kW forward power. The IC system can couple up to 6 kW in the frequency range of 10 MHz-50 MHz. The direct current glow discharge system is based on a graphite anode with a maximum voltage of 1.5 kV and a current of 6 A. A load-lock system with a vertical manipulator allows exposure of material samples. A number of diagnostics have been installed: single- and triple-pin Langmuir probes for radial plasma profiles, a time-of-flight neutral particle analyzer capable of detecting neutrals in the energy range of 10 eV-1000 eV, and a quadrupole mass spectrometer and video systems for plasma imaging. The majority of systems and diagnostics are controlled by the Siemens SIMATIC S7 system, which also provides safety interlocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Goriaev
- Laboratory for Plasma Physics, LPP-ERM/KMS, Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC) Partner, Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Wauters
- Laboratory for Plasma Physics, LPP-ERM/KMS, Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC) Partner, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Möller
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research-Plasma Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - R Brakel
- Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Brezinsek
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research-Plasma Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - J Buermans
- Laboratory for Plasma Physics, LPP-ERM/KMS, Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC) Partner, Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Crombé
- Laboratory for Plasma Physics, LPP-ERM/KMS, Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC) Partner, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Dinklage
- Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany
| | - R Habrichs
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research-Plasma Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - D Höschen
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research-Plasma Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - M Krause
- Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yu Kovtun
- Institute of Plasma Physics, NSC KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | | | - F Louche
- Laboratory for Plasma Physics, LPP-ERM/KMS, Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC) Partner, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Moon
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Nicolai
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research-Plasma Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - J Thomas
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research-Plasma Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - R Ragona
- Laboratory for Plasma Physics, LPP-ERM/KMS, Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC) Partner, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Rubel
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Rüttgers
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research-Plasma Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - P Petersson
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Brunsell
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ch Linsmeier
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research-Plasma Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - M Van Schoor
- Laboratory for Plasma Physics, LPP-ERM/KMS, Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC) Partner, Brussels, Belgium
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Dewaswala-Bhopalwala N, Chen D, Bhopalwala H, Hossein Pour S, Moon S, Bos D, Scott C, Geske J, Noseworthy P, Ommen S, Erickson B, Araoz P, Nishimura R, Ackerman M, Arruda-Olson A. Extracting hypertrophic cardiomyopathy features from cardiac magnetic resonance reports by natural language processing. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Determine if information regarding hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) can be accurately retrieved from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) reports using natural language processing (NLP).
Background
CMR imaging is used for diagnosis and risk stratification of HCM. Manual annotation of information from CMR is time-consuming. NLP is an artificial intelligence method for automating extraction of information from narrative text.
Methods
We identified 200 HCM patients who had CMR reports from 1998 to 2018. These patients were randomly allocated into training (100 patients with 185 CMR reports) and testing sets (100 patients with 206 reports). An NLP system with 2 tiers was developed; the first extracted information regarding HCM diagnosis while second extracted categorical or numeric concepts for HCM classification. NLP performance was compared with gold-standard manual annotation.
Results
NLP algorithms achieved very high performance across all concepts with mean positive predictive value (PPV) = 0.96. An outlier was the performance for abstracting the presence of an apical pouch from CMR reports, which had noticeably lower PPV= 0.78 which be attributed to the low number of cases with this finding.
Conclusions
The algorithms developed can be translated to clinical decision support systems to increase efficiency and contribute to improved quality of care.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Other. Main funding source(s): Study supported by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of National Institutes of Health (K01HL124045), the Mayo Clinic Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCaTS), and the Mayo Clinic K2R award. Content is solely the responsibility of authors and does not necessarily represent official views of the National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D Chen
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States of America
| | - H Bhopalwala
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States of America
| | | | - S Moon
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States of America
| | - D Bos
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States of America
| | - C Scott
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States of America
| | - J Geske
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States of America
| | - P Noseworthy
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States of America
| | - S.R Ommen
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States of America
| | - B.J Erickson
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States of America
| | - P.A Araoz
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States of America
| | | | - M.J Ackerman
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States of America
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Koh IU, Choi NH, Lee K, Yu HY, Yun JH, Kong JH, Kim HJ, Lee S, Kim SC, Kim BJ, Moon S. Obesity susceptible novel DNA methylation marker on regulatory region of inflammation gene: results from the Korea Epigenome Study (KES). BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001338. [PMID: 32788176 PMCID: PMC7422660 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is growing global health concern and highly associated with increased risk of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes. We aimed to discover new differential DNA methylation patterns predisposing obesity and prioritize surrogate epigenetic markers in Koreans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed multistage epigenome-wide analyses to identify differentially expressed CpGs in obesity using the Illumina HumanMethylationEPIC array (EPIC). Forty-eight CpGs showed significant differences across three phases: 902 whole blood DNAs from two cohorts (phase 1: n=450, phase 2: n=377) and a hospital-based sample (phase 3: n=75). Samples from phase III participants were used to examine whether the 48 CpGs are significant in the fat tissue and influenced gene expression. Furthermore, we investigated the epigenetic effect of CpG loci in childhood obesity (n=94). RESULTS Seven of the 48 CpGs exhibited similar changes in the fat tissue along with gene expression changes. In particular, hypomethylated CpG (cg13424229) on the GATA1 transcription factor cluster of CPA3 promoter was related to its increased gene expression and showed consistent effect in childhood obesity. Interestingly, subsequent analysis using RNA sequencing data from 21 preadipocytes and 26 adipocytes suggested CPA3 as a potential obesity-related gene. Moreover, expression patterns from RNA sequencing and public Gene Expression Omnibus showed the correlation between CPA3 and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and asthma. CONCLUSIONS Our finding prioritizes influential genes in obesity and provides new evidence for the role of CPA3 linking obesity, T2D, and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Uk Koh
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Nak-Hyeon Choi
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Kibaick Lee
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Ho-Yeong Yu
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Jun Ho Yun
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hwa Kong
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Kim
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Song Lee
- Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Song Cheol Kim
- Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Sanghoon Moon
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
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Lee K, Moon S, Park MJ, Koh IU, Choi NH, Yu HY, Kim YJ, Kong J, Kang HG, Kim SC, Kim BJ. Integrated Analysis of Tissue-Specific Promoter Methylation and Gene Expression Profile in Complex Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5056. [PMID: 32709145 PMCID: PMC7404266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether the promoter region of DNA methylation positively or negatively regulates tissue-specific genes (TSGs) and if it correlates with disease pathophysiology. We assessed tissue specificity metrics in five human tissues, using sequencing-based approaches, including 52 whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), 52 RNA-seq, and 144 chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data. A correlation analysis was performed between the gene expression and DNA methylation levels of the TSG promoter region. The TSG enrichment analyses were conducted in the gene-disease association network (DisGeNET). The epigenomic association analyses of CpGs in enriched TSG promoters were performed using 1986 Infinium MethylationEPIC array data. A correlation analysis showed significant associations between the promoter methylation and 449 TSGs' expression. A disease enrichment analysis showed that diabetes- and obesity-related diseases were high-ranked. In an epigenomic association analysis based on obesity, 62 CpGs showed statistical significance. Among them, three obesity-related CpGs were newly identified and replicated with statistical significance in independent data. In particular, a CpG (cg17075888 of PDK4), considered as potential therapeutic targets, were associated with complex diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. The methylation changes in a substantial number of the TSG promoters showed a significant association with metabolic diseases. Collectively, our findings provided strong evidence of the relationship between tissue-specific patterns of epigenetic changes and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibaick Lee
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28519, Korea; (K.L.); (S.M.); (M.-J.P.); (I.-U.K.); (N.-H.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (Y.J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Sanghoon Moon
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28519, Korea; (K.L.); (S.M.); (M.-J.P.); (I.-U.K.); (N.-H.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (Y.J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Mi-Jin Park
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28519, Korea; (K.L.); (S.M.); (M.-J.P.); (I.-U.K.); (N.-H.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (Y.J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - In-Uk Koh
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28519, Korea; (K.L.); (S.M.); (M.-J.P.); (I.-U.K.); (N.-H.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (Y.J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Nak-Hyeon Choi
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28519, Korea; (K.L.); (S.M.); (M.-J.P.); (I.-U.K.); (N.-H.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (Y.J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Ho-Yeong Yu
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28519, Korea; (K.L.); (S.M.); (M.-J.P.); (I.-U.K.); (N.-H.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (Y.J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28519, Korea; (K.L.); (S.M.); (M.-J.P.); (I.-U.K.); (N.-H.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (Y.J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jinhwa Kong
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28519, Korea; (K.L.); (S.M.); (M.-J.P.); (I.-U.K.); (N.-H.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (Y.J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Hee Gyung Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Song Cheol Kim
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28519, Korea; (K.L.); (S.M.); (M.-J.P.); (I.-U.K.); (N.-H.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (Y.J.K.); (J.K.)
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Spracklen CN, Horikoshi M, Kim YJ, Lin K, Bragg F, Moon S, Suzuki K, Tam CHT, Tabara Y, Kwak SH, Takeuchi F, Long J, Lim VJY, Chai JF, Chen CH, Nakatochi M, Yao J, Choi HS, Iyengar AK, Perrin HJ, Brotman SM, van de Bunt M, Gloyn AL, Below JE, Boehnke M, Bowden DW, Chambers JC, Mahajan A, McCarthy MI, Ng MCY, Petty LE, Zhang W, Morris AP, Adair LS, Akiyama M, Bian Z, Chan JCN, Chang LC, Chee ML, Chen YDI, Chen YT, Chen Z, Chuang LM, Du S, Gordon-Larsen P, Gross M, Guo X, Guo Y, Han S, Howard AG, Huang W, Hung YJ, Hwang MY, Hwu CM, Ichihara S, Isono M, Jang HM, Jiang G, Jonas JB, Kamatani Y, Katsuya T, Kawaguchi T, Khor CC, Kohara K, Lee MS, Lee NR, Li L, Liu J, Luk AO, Lv J, Okada Y, Pereira MA, Sabanayagam C, Shi J, Shin DM, So WY, Takahashi A, Tomlinson B, Tsai FJ, van Dam RM, Xiang YB, Yamamoto K, Yamauchi T, Yoon K, Yu C, Yuan JM, Zhang L, Zheng W, Igase M, Cho YS, Rotter JI, Wang YX, Sheu WHH, Yokota M, Wu JY, Cheng CY, Wong TY, Shu XO, Kato N, Park KS, Tai ES, Matsuda F, Koh WP, Ma RCW, Maeda S, Millwood IY, Lee J, Kadowaki T, Walters RG, Kim BJ, Mohlke KL, Sim X. Identification of type 2 diabetes loci in 433,540 East Asian individuals. Nature 2020; 582:240-245. [PMID: 32499647 PMCID: PMC7292783 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 240 loci that are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D)1,2; however, most of these loci have been identified in analyses of individuals with European ancestry. Here, to examine T2D risk in East Asian individuals, we carried out a meta-analysis of GWAS data from 77,418 individuals with T2D and 356,122 healthy control individuals. In the main analysis, we identified 301 distinct association signals at 183 loci, and across T2D association models with and without consideration of body mass index and sex, we identified 61 loci that are newly implicated in predisposition to T2D. Common variants associated with T2D in both East Asian and European populations exhibited strongly correlated effect sizes. Previously undescribed associations include signals in or near GDAP1, PTF1A, SIX3, ALDH2, a microRNA cluster, and genes that affect the differentiation of muscle and adipose cells3. At another locus, expression quantitative trait loci at two overlapping T2D signals affect two genes-NKX6-3 and ANK1-in different tissues4-6. Association studies in diverse populations identify additional loci and elucidate disease-associated genes, biology, and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra N Spracklen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Momoko Horikoshi
- Laboratory for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Kidney Diseases, RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuang Lin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fiona Bragg
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sanghoon Moon
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ken Suzuki
- Laboratory for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Kidney Diseases, RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Claudia H T Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Soo-Heon Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Fumihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Victor J Y Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jin-Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Hyeok Sun Choi
- Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Apoorva K Iyengar
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hannah J Perrin
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah M Brotman
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martijn van de Bunt
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna L Gloyn
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer E Below
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John C Chambers
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maggie C Y Ng
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lauren E Petty
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juliana C N Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Ching Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Li Chee
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Yuan-Tsong Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shufa Du
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Myron Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sohee Han
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Annie-Green Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, Carolina Population Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chii-Min Hwu
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Masato Isono
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hye-Mi Jang
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Guozhi Jiang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Kohara
- Department of Regional Resource Management, Ehime University Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation, Ehime, Japan
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nanette R Lee
- Department of Anthropology, Sociology and History, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea O Luk
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mark A Pereira
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinxiu Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dong Mun Shin
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Wing Yee So
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Department of Medical Genetics and Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ken Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyungheon Yoon
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Liang Zhang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michiya Igase
- Department of Anti-aging Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Ya-Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wayne H H Sheu
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyong-Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - E-Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shiro Maeda
- Laboratory for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Kidney Diseases, RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
- Division of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Juyoung Lee
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Robin G Walters
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
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Hu Y, St John M, Pellionisz P, Moon S, Alhiyari Y. Method for motion artifact compensation in dynamic optical contrast imaging. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.11.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Seok H, Song J, Jeon JH, Choi HK, Choi WS, Moon S, Park DW. Timing of antibiotics in septic patients: a prospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26:1495-1500. [PMID: 32062049 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of timing and appropriateness of antibiotics administration on mortality in patients diagnosed with sepsis according to the Sepsis-3 definition. METHODS This prospective cohort study was conducted in patients diagnosed with sepsis according to the Sepsis-3 definition at the emergency department of Korea University Ansan Hospital from January 2016 to January 2019. The time to antibiotics was defined as the time in hours from emergency department arrival to the first antibiotic administration. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to estimate the association between time to antibiotics and 7-, 14- and 28-day mortality. RESULTS Of 482 patients enrolled onto this study, 203 (42.1%) of 482 and 312 (64.7%) of 482 were diagnosed with septic shock and high-grade infection respectively. The median time to receipt of antibiotic therapy was 115 minutes. Antibiotics were administered within 3 and 6 hours in 340 (70.4%) of 482 and 450 (93.2%) of 482 patients respectively. Initial appropriate empirical antibiotics were administered in 375 (77.8%) of 482 patients. The time to and appropriateness of the initial antibiotics were not associated with 7-, 14- and 28-day mortality in multivariate analysis. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.229, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.093-1.381, p 0.001) and initial lactate levels (aHR 1.128, 95% CI 1.034-1.230, p 0.007), Charlson comorbidity index (aHR 1.115, 95% CI 1.027-1.210, p 0.014), 2-hour lactate level (aHR 1.115, 95% CI 1.027-1.210, p 0.009) and SOFA score (aHR 1.077, 95% CI 1.013-1.144, p 0.018) affected 7-, 14- and 28-day mortality respectively. Subgroup analysis with septic shock, bacteraemia and high-grade infection did not affect mortality rates. CONCLUSIONS Time to receipt of antibiotics may not affect the prognosis of patients with sepsis if a rapid and well-trained resuscitation is combined with appropriate antibiotic administration within a reasonable time.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Seok
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - J Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Jeon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - H K Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - W S Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - S Moon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - D W Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Republic of Korea.
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Lee ES, Moon S, Abu-Bonsrah KD, Kim YK, Hwang MY, Kim YJ, Kim S, Hwang NS, Kim HH, Kim BJ. Programmable Nuclease-Based Integration into Novel Extragenic Genomic Safe Harbor Identified from Korean Population-Based CNV Analysis. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2019; 14:253-265. [PMID: 31463366 PMCID: PMC6708990 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Here, we found two genomic safe harbor (GSH) candidates from chromosomes 3 and 8, based on large-scale population-based cohort data from 4,694 Koreans by CNV analysis. Furthermore, estimated genotype of these CNVRs was validated by quantitative real-time PCR, and epidemiological data examined no significant genetic association between diseases or traits and two CNVRs. After screening the GSH candidates by in silico approaches, we designed TALEN pairs to integrate EGFP expression cassette into human cell lines in order to confirm the functionality of GSH candidates in an in vitro setting. As a result, transgene insertion into one of the two loci using TALEN showed robust transgene expression comparable to that with an AAVS1 site without significantly perturbing neighboring genes. Changing the promoter or cell type did not noticeably disturb this trend. Thus, we could validate two CNVRs as a site for effective and safe transgene insertion in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Seo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03372, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Moon
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Korea
| | - Kwaku Dad Abu-Bonsrah
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Yun Kyoung Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Korea
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Korea
| | | | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,BioMax Institute of Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyongbum Henry Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03372, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03372, Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomedicine, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03772, Republic of Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03372, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Korea
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Han S, Hwang MY, Yoon K, Kim YK, Kim YJ, Kim BJ, Moon S. Exome chip-driven association study of lipidemia in >14,000 Koreans and evaluation of genetic effect on identified variants between different ethnic groups. Genet Epidemiol 2019; 43:617-628. [PMID: 31087446 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipid levels in blood are widely used to diagnose and monitor chronic diseases. It is essential to identify the genetic traits involved in lipid metabolism for understanding chronic diseases. However, the influence of genetic traits varies depending on race, sex, age, and ethnicity. Therefore, research focusing on populations of individual countries is required, and the results can be used as a basis for comparison of results of other studies at the cross-racial and cross-country levels. In the present study, we selected lipid-related variants and evaluated their effects on lipid-related diseases in more than 14,000 subjects of three cohorts using the Illumina Human Exome Beadchip. A genome-wide association study was conducted using EPACTs after adjusting for age, sex, and recruitment area. A genome-wide significance cutoff was defined as p < 5E-08 in all the three cohorts. Sixteen variants represented the lipid traits and were classified as vulnerable to borderline hypertriglyceridemia, hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia, or hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia. Moreover, we compared the genetic effects of the 16 variants between ethnic groups and identified the missense variants in apolipoprotein A-V, cholesterol ester transfer protein, and apolipoprotein E as Asian-specific. Our study provides candidate genes as markers for chronic diseases through the evaluation of genetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Han
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungheon Yoon
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyoung Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Moon
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
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Girod S, Mittermiller P, Bidwell S, Thieringer F, Cornelius C, Trickey A, Kontio R, Bader M, Goetz P, Johns D, Smolka W, Mesimaki K, Moon S, Probst F, Qiiao J, Snall J, Wilkmann T, Girod S. The comprehensive AO CMF classification system for mandibular fractures: a multicenter validation study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Howell SJ, Waters S, Twelves C, Joffe J, Moon S, Bale C, Venkitaraman R, Bezecny P, Casbard A, Wilhelm-Benartzi C, Carucci M, Butler R, Alchami F, Jones R. Abstract PD1-07: Withdrawn. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-pd1-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This abstract was withdrawn by the authors.
Citation Format: Howell SJ, Waters S, Twelves C, Joffe J, Moon S, Bale C, Venkitaraman R, Bezecny P, Casbard A, Wilhelm-Benartzi C, Carucci M, Butler R, Alchami F, Jones R. Withdrawn [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD1-07.
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Affiliation(s)
- SJ Howell
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Calderdale & Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, United Kingdom; University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster, United Kingdom; Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, United Kingdom; The Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; All Wales Laboratory Genetics Service, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - S Waters
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Calderdale & Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, United Kingdom; University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster, United Kingdom; Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, United Kingdom; The Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; All Wales Laboratory Genetics Service, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - C Twelves
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Calderdale & Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, United Kingdom; University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster, United Kingdom; Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, United Kingdom; The Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; All Wales Laboratory Genetics Service, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - J Joffe
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Calderdale & Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, United Kingdom; University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster, United Kingdom; Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, United Kingdom; The Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; All Wales Laboratory Genetics Service, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - S Moon
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Calderdale & Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, United Kingdom; University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster, United Kingdom; Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, United Kingdom; The Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; All Wales Laboratory Genetics Service, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - C Bale
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Calderdale & Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, United Kingdom; University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster, United Kingdom; Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, United Kingdom; The Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; All Wales Laboratory Genetics Service, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - R Venkitaraman
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Calderdale & Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, United Kingdom; University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster, United Kingdom; Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, United Kingdom; The Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; All Wales Laboratory Genetics Service, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - P Bezecny
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Calderdale & Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, United Kingdom; University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster, United Kingdom; Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, United Kingdom; The Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; All Wales Laboratory Genetics Service, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - A Casbard
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Calderdale & Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, United Kingdom; University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster, United Kingdom; Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, United Kingdom; The Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; All Wales Laboratory Genetics Service, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - C Wilhelm-Benartzi
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Calderdale & Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, United Kingdom; University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster, United Kingdom; Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, United Kingdom; The Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; All Wales Laboratory Genetics Service, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - M Carucci
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Calderdale & Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, United Kingdom; University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster, United Kingdom; Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, United Kingdom; The Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; All Wales Laboratory Genetics Service, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - R Butler
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Calderdale & Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, United Kingdom; University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster, United Kingdom; Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, United Kingdom; The Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; All Wales Laboratory Genetics Service, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - F Alchami
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Calderdale & Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, United Kingdom; University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster, United Kingdom; Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, United Kingdom; The Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; All Wales Laboratory Genetics Service, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - R Jones
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Calderdale & Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, United Kingdom; University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster, United Kingdom; Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, United Kingdom; The Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; All Wales Laboratory Genetics Service, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Moon S, Kim YJ, Han S, Hwang MY, Shin DM, Park MY, Lu Y, Yoon K, Jang HM, Kim YK, Park TJ, Song DS, Park JK, Lee JE, Kim BJ. The Korea Biobank Array: Design and Identification of Coding Variants Associated with Blood Biochemical Traits. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1382. [PMID: 30718733 PMCID: PMC6361960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We introduce the design and implementation of a new array, the Korea Biobank Array (referred to as KoreanChip), optimized for the Korean population and demonstrate findings from GWAS of blood biochemical traits. KoreanChip comprised >833,000 markers including >247,000 rare-frequency or functional variants estimated from >2,500 sequencing data in Koreans. Of the 833 K markers, 208 K functional markers were directly genotyped. Particularly, >89 K markers were presented in East Asians. KoreanChip achieved higher imputation performance owing to the excellent genomic coverage of 95.38% for common and 73.65% for low-frequency variants. From GWAS (Genome-wide association study) using 6,949 individuals, 28 associations were successfully recapitulated. Moreover, 9 missense variants were newly identified, of which we identified new associations between a common population-specific missense variant, rs671 (p.Glu457Lys) of ALDH2, and two traits including aspartate aminotransferase (P = 5.20 × 10−13) and alanine aminotransferase (P = 4.98 × 10−8). Furthermore, two novel missense variants of GPT with rare frequency in East Asians but extreme rarity in other populations were associated with alanine aminotransferase (rs200088103; p.Arg133Trp, P = 2.02 × 10−9 and rs748547625; p.Arg143Cys, P = 1.41 × 10−6). These variants were successfully replicated in 6,000 individuals (P = 5.30 × 10−8 and P = 1.24 × 10−6). GWAS results suggest the promising utility of KoreanChip with a substantial number of damaging variants to identify new population-specific disease-associated rare/functional variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Moon
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Han
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Mun Shin
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Kyungheon Yoon
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Jang
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyoung Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Joon Park
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sub Song
- Division of Epidemiology and Health Index, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Park
- Division of Epidemiology and Health Index, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Lee
- DNA link, Incorporated, Seoul, 03759, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea.
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Yun S, Lee K, Park Y, Moon S, Lee H, Choe G, Lee K. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of programmed death ligand 1 expression in Korean melanoma patients. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy439.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Moon S, Lee Y, Won S, Lee J. Multiple genotype-phenotype association study reveals intronic variant pair on SIDT2 associated with metabolic syndrome in a Korean population. Hum Genomics 2018; 12:48. [PMID: 30382898 PMCID: PMC6211397 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-018-0180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We identified common genetic variants that alter the risk for metabolic syndrome in the Korean population. To isolate these variants, we conducted a multiple-genotype and multiple-phenotype genome-wide association analysis using the family-based quasi-likelihood score (MFQLS) test. For this analysis, we used 7211 and 2838 genotyped study subjects for discovery and replication, respectively. We also performed a multiple-genotype and multiple-phenotype analysis of a gene-based single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) set. Results We found an association between metabolic syndrome and an intronic SNP pair, rs7107152 and rs1242229, in SIDT2 gene at 11q23.3. Both SNPs correlate with the expression of SIDT2 and TAGLN, whose products promote insulin secretion and lipid metabolism, respectively. This SNP pair showed statistical significance at the replication stage. Conclusions Our findings provide insight into an underlying mechanism that contributes to metabolic syndrome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40246-018-0180-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Moon
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, South Korea
| | - Young Lee
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, South Korea.,Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, 05368, South Korea
| | - Sungho Won
- Department of Public Health Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Juyoung Lee
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, South Korea.
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Park J, Moon S, Cho H, Kim D, Yoon Y, Cho Y. 350 Effect of Team-Based CPR Training for Emergency Medical Services Providers on Out-of-Hospital Return of Spontaneous Circulation in Cardiac Arrest Patients. Ann Emerg Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.08.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kwak SH, Chae J, Lee S, Choi S, Koo BK, Yoon JW, Park JH, Cho B, Moon MK, Lim S, Cho YM, Moon S, Kim YJ, Han S, Hwang MY, Cho YS, Lee MS, Jang HC, Kang HM, Park T, Cho NH, Kim K, Kim JI, Park KS. Nonsynonymous Variants in PAX4 and GLP1R Are Associated With Type 2 Diabetes in an East Asian Population. Diabetes 2018; 67:1892-1902. [PMID: 29941447 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated ethnicity-specific exonic variants of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its related clinical phenotypes in an East Asian population. We performed whole-exome sequencing in 917 T2D case and control subjects, and the findings were validated by exome array genotyping in 3,026 participants. In silico replication was conducted for seven nonsynonymous variants in an additional 13,122 participants. Single-variant and gene-based association tests for T2D were analyzed. A total of 728,838 variants were identified by whole-exome sequencing. Among nonsynonymous variants, PAX4 Arg192His increased risk of T2D and GLP1R Arg131Gln decreased risk of T2D in genome-wide significance (odds ratio [OR] 1.48, P = 4.47 × 10-16 and OR 0.84, P = 3.55 × 10-8, respectively). Another variant at PAX4 192 codon Arg192Ser was nominally associated with T2D (OR 1.62, P = 5.18 × 10-4). In T2D patients, PAX4 Arg192His was associated with earlier age at diagnosis, and GLP1R Arg131Gln was associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. In control subjects without diabetes, the PAX4 Arg192His was associated with higher fasting glucose and GLP1R Arg131Gln was associated with lower fasting glucose and HbA1c level. Gene-based analysis revealed that SLC30A8 was most significantly associated with decreased risk of T2D (P = 1.0 × 10-4). In summary, we have identified nonsynonymous variants associated with risk of T2D and related phenotypes in Koreans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Heon Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeesoo Chae
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbok Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoung Choi
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Belong Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyong Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Moon
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Han
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak C Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Min Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Taesung Park
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam H Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunga Kim
- Statistics and Data Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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KIM C, Moon J, Kang B, Moon S. Serum testosterone and free testosterone levels may be negatively correlated with mitochondrial function of granulosa cells in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Park M, Moon S, Cho M. Optimization of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells by metformin in a murine model of osteoarthritis. Cytotherapy 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Lee JY, Moon S, Kim YK, Lee SH, Lee BS, Park MY, Park JE, Jang Y, Han BG. Genome-based exome sequencing analysis identifies GYG1, DIS3L and DDRGK1 are associated with myocardial infarction in Koreans. J Genet 2017; 96:1041-1046. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-017-0854-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lee W, Moon S. Is consumer choice in health care good for society from an efficiency perspective. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx186.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W Lee
- Myeongho-myeon Health Subcenter, Ansan, South Korea
| | - S Moon
- Myeongho-myeon Health Subcenter, Ansan, South Korea
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Spracklen CN, Chen P, Kim YJ, Wang X, Cai H, Li S, Long J, Wu Y, Wang YX, Takeuchi F, Wu JY, Jung KJ, Hu C, Akiyama K, Zhang Y, Moon S, Johnson TA, Li H, Dorajoo R, He M, Cannon ME, Roman TS, Salfati E, Lin KH, Guo X, Sheu WHH, Absher D, Adair LS, Assimes TL, Aung T, Cai Q, Chang LC, Chen CH, Chien LH, Chuang LM, Chuang SC, Du S, Fan Q, Fann CSJ, Feranil AB, Friedlander Y, Gordon-Larsen P, Gu D, Gui L, Guo Z, Heng CK, Hixson J, Hou X, Hsiung CA, Hu Y, Hwang MY, Hwu CM, Isono M, Juang JMJ, Khor CC, Kim YK, Koh WP, Kubo M, Lee IT, Lee SJ, Lee WJ, Liang KW, Lim B, Lim SH, Liu J, Nabika T, Pan WH, Peng H, Quertermous T, Sabanayagam C, Sandow K, Shi J, Sun L, Tan PC, Tan SP, Taylor KD, Teo YY, Toh SA, Tsunoda T, van Dam RM, Wang A, Wang F, Wang J, Wei WB, Xiang YB, Yao J, Yuan JM, Zhang R, Zhao W, Chen YDI, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Wang TD, Wu T, Lin X, Han BG, Tanaka T, Cho YS, Katsuya T, Jia W, Jee SH, Chen YT, Kato N, Jonas JB, Cheng CY, Shu XO, He J, Zheng W, Wong TY, Huang W, Kim BJ, Tai ES, Mohlke KL, Sim X. Association analyses of East Asian individuals and trans-ancestry analyses with European individuals reveal new loci associated with cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:1770-1784. [PMID: 28334899 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >175 loci associated with fasting cholesterol levels, including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG). With differences in linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure and allele frequencies between ancestry groups, studies in additional large samples may detect new associations. We conducted staged GWAS meta-analyses in up to 69,414 East Asian individuals from 24 studies with participants from Japan, the Philippines, Korea, China, Singapore, and Taiwan. These meta-analyses identified (P < 5 × 10-8) three novel loci associated with HDL-C near CD163-APOBEC1 (P = 7.4 × 10-9), NCOA2 (P = 1.6 × 10-8), and NID2-PTGDR (P = 4.2 × 10-8), and one novel locus associated with TG near WDR11-FGFR2 (P = 2.7 × 10-10). Conditional analyses identified a second signal near CD163-APOBEC1. We then combined results from the East Asian meta-analysis with association results from up to 187,365 European individuals from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium in a trans-ancestry meta-analysis. This analysis identified (log10Bayes Factor ≥6.1) eight additional novel lipid loci. Among the twelve total loci identified, the index variants at eight loci have demonstrated at least nominal significance with other metabolic traits in prior studies, and two loci exhibited coincident eQTLs (P < 1 × 10-5) in subcutaneous adipose tissue for BPTF and PDGFC. Taken together, these analyses identified multiple novel lipid loci, providing new potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, Korean National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungchungbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Xu Wang
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shengxu Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Keum-Ji Jung
- Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheng Hu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Koichi Akiyama
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sanghoon Moon
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, Korean National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungchungbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Todd A Johnson
- Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Huaixing Li
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Maren E Cannon
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tamara S Roman
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elias Salfati
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Keng-Hung Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Wayne H H Sheu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Technology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Devin Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Li-Ching Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsin Chien
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Chuang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shufa Du
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Qiao Fan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cathy S J Fann
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alan B Feranil
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines.,Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and History, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Yechiel Friedlander
- Unit of Epidemiology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lixuan Gui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhirong Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chew-Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - James Hixson
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuhong Hou
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Agnes Hsiung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yao Hu
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, Korean National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungchungbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Chii-Min Hwu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Masato Isono
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jyh-Ming Jimmy Juang
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Kyoung Kim
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, Korean National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungchungbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - I-Te Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sun-Ju Lee
- Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Social Work, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kae-Woei Liang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Blanche Lim
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sing-Hui Lim
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Wen-Harn Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kevin Sandow
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jinxiu Shi
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pok Chien Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shu-Pei Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Yik-Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sue-Anne Toh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tatsuhiko Tsunoda
- Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Medical Science Mathematics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aili Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feijie Wang
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Bin Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rong Zhang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanting Zhao
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Tzung-Dau Wang
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bok-Ghee Han
- Center for Genome Science, Korean National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungchungbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Toshihiro Tanaka
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun-Ha Jee
- Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yuan-Tsong Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Norihiro Kato
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, Korean National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungchungbuk-do, South Korea
| | - E-Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Wheeler E, Leong A, Liu CT, Hivert MF, Strawbridge RJ, Podmore C, Li M, Yao J, Sim X, Hong J, Chu AY, Zhang W, Wang X, Chen P, Maruthur NM, Porneala BC, Sharp SJ, Jia Y, Kabagambe EK, Chang LC, Chen WM, Elks CE, Evans DS, Fan Q, Giulianini F, Go MJ, Hottenga JJ, Hu Y, Jackson AU, Kanoni S, Kim YJ, Kleber ME, Ladenvall C, Lecoeur C, Lim SH, Lu Y, Mahajan A, Marzi C, Nalls MA, Navarro P, Nolte IM, Rose LM, Rybin DV, Sanna S, Shi Y, Stram DO, Takeuchi F, Tan SP, van der Most PJ, Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Wong A, Yengo L, Zhao W, Goel A, Martinez Larrad MT, Radke D, Salo P, Tanaka T, van Iperen EPA, Abecasis G, Afaq S, Alizadeh BZ, Bertoni AG, Bonnefond A, Böttcher Y, Bottinger EP, Campbell H, Carlson OD, Chen CH, Cho YS, Garvey WT, Gieger C, Goodarzi MO, Grallert H, Hamsten A, Hartman CA, Herder C, Hsiung CA, Huang J, Igase M, Isono M, Katsuya T, Khor CC, Kiess W, Kohara K, Kovacs P, Lee J, Lee WJ, Lehne B, Li H, Liu J, Lobbens S, Luan J, Lyssenko V, Meitinger T, Miki T, Miljkovic I, Moon S, Mulas A, Müller G, Müller-Nurasyid M, Nagaraja R, Nauck M, Pankow JS, Polasek O, Prokopenko I, Ramos PS, Rasmussen-Torvik L, Rathmann W, Rich SS, Robertson NR, Roden M, Roussel R, Rudan I, Scott RA, Scott WR, Sennblad B, Siscovick DS, Strauch K, Sun L, Swertz M, Tajuddin SM, Taylor KD, Teo YY, Tham YC, Tönjes A, Wareham NJ, Willemsen G, Wilsgaard T, Hingorani AD, Egan J, Ferrucci L, Hovingh GK, Jula A, Kivimaki M, Kumari M, Njølstad I, Palmer CNA, Serrano Ríos M, Stumvoll M, Watkins H, Aung T, Blüher M, Boehnke M, Boomsma DI, Bornstein SR, Chambers JC, Chasman DI, Chen YDI, Chen YT, Cheng CY, Cucca F, de Geus EJC, Deloukas P, Evans MK, Fornage M, Friedlander Y, Froguel P, Groop L, Gross MD, Harris TB, Hayward C, Heng CK, Ingelsson E, Kato N, Kim BJ, Koh WP, Kooner JS, Körner A, Kuh D, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Lin X, Liu Y, Loos RJF, Magnusson PKE, März W, McCarthy MI, Oldehinkel AJ, Ong KK, Pedersen NL, Pereira MA, Peters A, Ridker PM, Sabanayagam C, Sale M, Saleheen D, Saltevo J, Schwarz PEH, Sheu WHH, Snieder H, Spector TD, Tabara Y, Tuomilehto J, van Dam RM, Wilson JG, Wilson JF, Wolffenbuttel BHR, Wong TY, Wu JY, Yuan JM, Zonderman AB, Soranzo N, Guo X, Roberts DJ, Florez JC, Sladek R, Dupuis J, Morris AP, Tai ES, Selvin E, Rotter JI, Langenberg C, Barroso I, Meigs JB. Impact of common genetic determinants of Hemoglobin A1c on type 2 diabetes risk and diagnosis in ancestrally diverse populations: A transethnic genome-wide meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2017; 14:e1002383. [PMID: 28898252 PMCID: PMC5595282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is used to diagnose type 2 diabetes (T2D) and assess glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 18 HbA1c-associated genetic variants. These variants proved to be classifiable by their likely biological action as erythrocytic (also associated with erythrocyte traits) or glycemic (associated with other glucose-related traits). In this study, we tested the hypotheses that, in a very large scale GWAS, we would identify more genetic variants associated with HbA1c and that HbA1c variants implicated in erythrocytic biology would affect the diagnostic accuracy of HbA1c. We therefore expanded the number of HbA1c-associated loci and tested the effect of genetic risk-scores comprised of erythrocytic or glycemic variants on incident diabetes prediction and on prevalent diabetes screening performance. Throughout this multiancestry study, we kept a focus on interancestry differences in HbA1c genetics performance that might influence race-ancestry differences in health outcomes. METHODS & FINDINGS Using genome-wide association meta-analyses in up to 159,940 individuals from 82 cohorts of European, African, East Asian, and South Asian ancestry, we identified 60 common genetic variants associated with HbA1c. We classified variants as implicated in glycemic, erythrocytic, or unclassified biology and tested whether additive genetic scores of erythrocytic variants (GS-E) or glycemic variants (GS-G) were associated with higher T2D incidence in multiethnic longitudinal cohorts (N = 33,241). Nineteen glycemic and 22 erythrocytic variants were associated with HbA1c at genome-wide significance. GS-G was associated with higher T2D risk (incidence OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.04-1.06, per HbA1c-raising allele, p = 3 × 10-29); whereas GS-E was not (OR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.99-1.01, p = 0.60). In Europeans and Asians, erythrocytic variants in aggregate had only modest effects on the diagnostic accuracy of HbA1c. Yet, in African Americans, the X-linked G6PD G202A variant (T-allele frequency 11%) was associated with an absolute decrease in HbA1c of 0.81%-units (95% CI 0.66-0.96) per allele in hemizygous men, and 0.68%-units (95% CI 0.38-0.97) in homozygous women. The G6PD variant may cause approximately 2% (N = 0.65 million, 95% CI 0.55-0.74) of African American adults with T2D to remain undiagnosed when screened with HbA1c. Limitations include the smaller sample sizes for non-European ancestries and the inability to classify approximately one-third of the variants. Further studies in large multiethnic cohorts with HbA1c, glycemic, and erythrocytic traits are required to better determine the biological action of the unclassified variants. CONCLUSIONS As G6PD deficiency can be clinically silent until illness strikes, we recommend investigation of the possible benefits of screening for the G6PD genotype along with using HbA1c to diagnose T2D in populations of African ancestry or groups where G6PD deficiency is common. Screening with direct glucose measurements, or genetically-informed HbA1c diagnostic thresholds in people with G6PD deficiency, may be required to avoid missed or delayed diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Wheeler
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Leong
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Rona J. Strawbridge
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Universitetsjukhuset, Solna, Sweden
| | - Clara Podmore
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Man Li
- Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Jie Yao
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jaeyoung Hong
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Audrey Y. Chu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States of America
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Xu Wang
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peng Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Nisa M. Maruthur
- Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Division of General Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Bianca C. Porneala
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yucheng Jia
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| | - Edmond K. Kabagambe
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Li-Ching Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- University of Virginia Center for Public Health Genomics, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Cathy E. Elks
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Personalised Healthcare & Biomarkers, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel S. Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Qiao Fan
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Min Jin Go
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, Korean National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungchungbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yao Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anne U. Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, Korean National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungchungbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Marcus E. Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Claes Ladenvall
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecile Lecoeur
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur of Lille, UMR 8199—EGID, Lille, France
| | - Sing-Hui Lim
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia Level 6, Discovery Tower, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yingchang Lu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carola Marzi
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mike A. Nalls
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, United States of America
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Pau Navarro
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Ilja M. Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lynda M. Rose
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Denis V. Rybin
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Serena Sanna
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Yuan Shi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia Level 6, Discovery Tower, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel O. Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Fumihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Pei Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia Level 6, Discovery Tower, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter J. van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jana V. Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing, London, United Kingdom
| | - Loic Yengo
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur of Lille, UMR 8199—EGID, Lille, France
| | - Wanting Zhao
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia Level 6, Discovery Tower, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Teresa Martinez Larrad
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dörte Radke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Perttu Salo
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland (FIMM) and Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Erik P. A. van Iperen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Goncalo Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Saima Afaq
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Behrooz Z. Alizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alain G. Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Amelie Bonnefond
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur of Lille, UMR 8199—EGID, Lille, France
| | - Yvonne Böttcher
- Integrated Research and Treatment (IFB) Center Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erwin P. Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Olga D. Carlson
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, Korean National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungchungbuk-do, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - W. Timothy Garvey
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham and the Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Harald Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Universitetsjukhuset, Solna, Sweden
| | - Catharina A. Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chao Agnes Hsiung
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Jie Huang
- Boston VA Research Institute, Inc., Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Michiya Igase
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masato Isono
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Center of Pediatric Research, University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Dept. of Women's & Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Child, LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katsuhiko Kohara
- Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Integrated Research and Treatment (IFB) Center Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juyoung Lee
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, Korean National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungchungbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Benjamin Lehne
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Huaixing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephane Lobbens
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur of Lille, UMR 8199—EGID, Lille, France
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Tetsuro Miki
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Sanghoon Moon
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, Korean National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungchungbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Antonella Mulas
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Gabriele Müller
- Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Ramaiah Nagaraja
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - James S. Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Ozren Polasek
- University of Split, Split, Croatia
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paula S. Ramos
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Laura Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Neil R. Robertson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ronan Roussel
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordelier, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, DHU FIRE, Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Igor Rudan
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A. Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - William R. Scott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Bengt Sennblad
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Universitetsjukhuset, Solna, Sweden
- Science for life laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - David S. Siscovick
- The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Liang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Morris Swertz
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Salman M. Tajuddin
- Health Disparities Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| | - Yik-Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yih Chung Tham
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia Level 6, Discovery Tower, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Department of Medicine; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Dept of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Aroon D. Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Josephine Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - G. Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Antti Jula
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Inger Njølstad
- Dept of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Colin N. A. Palmer
- Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Serrano Ríos
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia Level 6, Discovery Tower, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stefan R. Bornstein
- Dept of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - John C. Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, Middlesex, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| | - Yduan-Tsong Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia Level 6, Discovery Tower, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Monserrato, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Italy
| | - Eco J. C. de Geus
- Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michele K. Evans
- Health Disparities Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Yechiel Friedlander
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- CNRS 8199-Lille University, France
| | - Leif Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Myron D. Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Chew-Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, Korean National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungchungbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jaspal S. Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, Middlesex, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antje Körner
- Center of Pediatric Research, University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Dept. of Women's & Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Child, LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Xu Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
- The Mindich Child Health Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Patrik K. E. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Albertine J. Oldehinkel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ken K. Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark A. Pereira
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Paul M. Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia Level 6, Discovery Tower, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michele Sale
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Juha Saltevo
- Department of Medicine, Central Hospital, Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Peter EH. Schwarz
- Dept of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wayne H. H. Sheu
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Timothy D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
- Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Fahd Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rob M. van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - James G. Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - James F. Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Bruce H. R. Wolffenbuttel
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia Level 6, Discovery Tower, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology & Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| | - David J. Roberts
- Biomedical Research Centre Oxford Haematology Theme and Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jose C. Florez
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Robert Sladek
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - E-Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Division of General Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Inês Barroso
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James B. Meigs
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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Moon S. 292 Study on the seasonal changes in average daily gain, feed value, forage productivity, and grazing intensity in native pasture grazed by Korean native goat (Capra hircus coreanae). J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Oh M, Moon S, Kim MS. 267 Inspection for fecal contamination on chicken carcass using handheld imaging device. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Moon S. 599 Energy requirements for maintenance of growing Korean indigenous goats (Capra hircus coreanae). J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Song T, Moon S, Park B, Hwang Y, Song E, Kim H, Hong G. FEASIBILITY OF VIRTUAL REALITY EXPERIENCE OF NATURE AS A NURSING INTERVENTION. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. Song
- Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - S. Moon
- Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - B. Park
- Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Y. Hwang
- Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - E. Song
- Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - H. Kim
- Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - G. Hong
- Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
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Moon S, Hong G. PREDICTORS OF CHEWING DIFFICULTIES AMONG COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS IN KOREA. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Moon
- Nursing, Hanyang university, Hwaseong-si, Kyeong-gi do, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - G. Hong
- Nursing, Hanyang university, Hwaseong-si, Kyeong-gi do, Korea (the Republic of)
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Liu M, Moon S, Wang L, Kim S, Kim YJ, Hwang MY, Kim YJ, Elston RC, Kim BJ, Won S. On the association analysis of CNV data: a fast and robust family-based association method. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:217. [PMID: 28420343 PMCID: PMC5395793 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copy number variation (CNV) is known to play an important role in the genetics of complex diseases and several methods have been proposed to detect association of CNV with phenotypes of interest. Statistical methods for CNV association analysis can be categorized into two different strategies. First, the copy number is estimated by maximum likelihood and association of the expected copy number with the phenotype is tested. Second, the observed probe intensity measurements can be directly used to detect association of CNV with the phenotypes of interest. RESULTS For each strategy we provide a statistic that can be applied to extended families. The computational efficiency of the proposed methods enables genome-wide association analysis and we show with simulation studies that the proposed methods outperform other existing approaches. In particular, we found that the first strategy is always more efficient than the second strategy no matter whether copy numbers for each individual are well identified or not. With the proposed methods, we performed genome-wide CNV association analyses of hematological trait, hematocrit, on 521 Korean family samples. CONCLUSIONS We found that statistical analysis with the expected copy number is more powerful than the statistic with the probe intensity measurements regardless of the accuracy of the estimation of copy numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Liu
- Department of Applied Statistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, South Korea.,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Sanghoon Moon
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 363-951, South Korea
| | - Longfei Wang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Sulgi Kim
- Naver Labs, 235 Pangyoyeok-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13494, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Jung Kim
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 363-951, South Korea
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 363-951, South Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 363-951, South Korea
| | - Robert C Elston
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 363-951, South Korea.
| | - Sungho Won
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea. .,Department of Public Health Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea. .,Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
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Kim E, Kong S, Lee J, Moon S, Oh J, Sung K, Kim S, Park S, Shim J, Yoon S, Moon J, Park J, Kim S, Lee S, Huh Y, Chang J, Kang S. P08.27 Isolation of tumor mesenchymal stem-like cells from high grade gliomas according to the weight of fresh specimens. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox036.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Li C, Kim YK, Dorajoo R, Li H, Lee IT, Cheng CY, He M, Sheu WHH, Guo X, Ganesh SK, He J, Lee J, Liu J, Hu Y, Rao DC, Tsai FJ, Koh JY, Hu H, Liang KW, Palmas W, Hixson JE, Han S, Teo YY, Wang Y, Chen J, Lu CH, Zheng Y, Gui L, Lee WJ, Yao J, Gu D, Han BG, Sim X, Sun L, Zhao J, Chen CH, Kumari N, He Y, Taylor KD, Raffel LJ, Moon S, Rotter JI, Ida Chen YD, Wu T, Wong TY, Wu JY, Lin X, Tai ES, Kim BJ, Kelly TN. Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-Analysis of Long-Term Average Blood Pressure in East Asians. Circ Cardiovasc Genet 2017; 10:e001527. [PMID: 28348047 PMCID: PMC5704911 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.116.001527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide single marker and gene-based meta-analyses of long-term average (LTA) blood pressure (BP) phenotypes may reveal novel findings for BP. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted genome-wide analysis among 18 422 East Asian participants (stage 1) followed by replication study of ≤46 629 participants of European ancestry (stage 2). Significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms and genes were determined by a P<5.0×10-8 and 2.5×10-6, respectively, in joint analyses of stage-1 and stage-2 data. We identified 1 novel ARL3 variant, rs4919669 at 10q24.32, influencing LTA systolic BP (stage-1 P=5.03×10-8, stage-2 P=8.64×10-3, joint P=2.63×10-8) and mean arterial pressure (stage-1 P=3.59×10-9, stage-2 P=2.35×10-2, joint P=2.64×10-8). Three previously reported BP loci (WBP1L, NT5C2, and ATP2B1) were also identified for all BP phenotypes. Gene-based analysis provided the first robust evidence for association of KCNJ11 with LTA systolic BP (stage-1 P=8.55×10-6, stage-2 P=1.62×10-5, joint P=3.28×10-9) and mean arterial pressure (stage-1 P=9.19×10-7, stage-2 P=9.69×10-5, joint P=2.15×10-9) phenotypes. Fourteen genes (TMEM180, ACTR1A, SUFU, ARL3, SFXN2, WBP1L, CYP17A1, C10orf32, C10orf32-ASMT, AS3MT, CNNM2, and NT5C2 at 10q24.32; ATP2B1 at 12q21.33; and NCR3LG1 at 11p15.1) implicated by previous genome-wide association study meta-analyses were also identified. Among the loci identified by the previous genome-wide association study meta-analysis of LTA BP, we transethnically replicated associations of the KCNK3 marker rs1275988 at 2p23.3 with LTA systolic BP and mean arterial pressure phenotypes (P=1.27×10-4 and 3.30×10-4, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We identified 1 novel variant and 1 novel gene and present the first direct evidence of relevance of the KCNK3 locus for LTA BP among East Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Li
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Yun Kyoung Kim
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Huaixing Li
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - I-Te Lee
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Meian He
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Wayne H-H Sheu
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Santhi K Ganesh
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Jiang He
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Juyoung Lee
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Jianjun Liu
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Yao Hu
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Dabeeru C Rao
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Jia Yu Koh
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Hua Hu
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Kae-Woei Liang
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Walter Palmas
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - James E Hixson
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Sohee Han
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Yik-Ying Teo
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Yiqin Wang
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Jing Chen
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Chieh Hsiang Lu
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Yingfeng Zheng
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Lixuan Gui
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Jie Yao
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Bok-Ghee Han
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Xueling Sim
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Liang Sun
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Jinying Zhao
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Neelam Kumari
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Yunfeng He
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Kent D Taylor
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Leslie J Raffel
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Sanghoon Moon
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Yii-der Ida Chen
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Tangchun Wu
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Xu Lin
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - E-Shyong Tai
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.)
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (C.L., J.H., J.Z., T.N.K.); Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea (Y.K.K., J.L., S.H., B.-G.H., S.M., B.-J.K.); Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (R.D., J.L., Y.-Y.T.); Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.L., Y.H., Y.W., L.S., X.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L.); National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (Y.C., Y.K., Y.Z., N.K., T.Y.W.); Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, (Y.C., N.K., T.Y.W., E-S.T.); Department of Ophthalmology (Y.C., T.Y.W.), Department of Statistics and Applied Probability (Y.-Y.T.), Life Sciences Institute (Y.-Y.T.), NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering (Y.-Y.T.), Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore (E-S.T.); MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (M.H., H.H., L.G., Y.H., T.W.); Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (I-T.L., W.H-h.S); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (W.H-h.S., K.-W.L.); Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (X.G., J.Y., K.D.T., J.I.R., Y.-d.I.C.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.K.G.); Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.H., J.C.); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (J.L., Y.-Y.T., X.S., E-S.T.); Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (D.C.R.); Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T.) and School of Chinese Medicine (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (W.P.); Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston (J.E.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-yi, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Nursing, DaYeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (C.H.L.); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (W.-J.L.); State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (D.G.); National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore (N.K.); Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (L.J.R.); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens (C.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (K.-W.L.).
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49
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Lei P, Ayton S, Appukuttan AT, Moon S, Duce JA, Volitakis I, Cherny R, Wood SJ, Greenough M, Berger G, Pantelis C, McGorry P, Yung A, Finkelstein DI, Bush AI. Lithium suppression of tau induces brain iron accumulation and neurodegeneration. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:396-406. [PMID: 27400857 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lithium is a first-line therapy for bipolar affective disorder. However, various adverse effects, including a Parkinson-like hand tremor, often limit its use. The understanding of the neurobiological basis of these side effects is still very limited. Nigral iron elevation is also a feature of Parkinsonian degeneration that may be related to soluble tau reduction. We found that magnetic resonance imaging T2 relaxation time changes in subjects commenced on lithium therapy were consistent with iron elevation. In mice, lithium treatment lowers brain tau levels and increases nigral and cortical iron elevation that is closely associated with neurodegeneration, cognitive loss and parkinsonian features. In neuronal cultures lithium attenuates iron efflux by lowering tau protein that traffics amyloid precursor protein to facilitate iron efflux. Thus, tau- and amyloid protein precursor-knockout mice were protected against lithium-induced iron elevation and neurotoxicity. These findings challenge the appropriateness of lithium as a potential treatment for disorders where brain iron is elevated (for example, Alzheimer's disease), and may explain lithium-associated motor symptoms in susceptible patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lei
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan, China.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - S Ayton
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - A T Appukuttan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - S Moon
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - J A Duce
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - I Volitakis
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - R Cherny
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - S J Wood
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Greenough
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - G Berger
- ORYGEN Research Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Pantelis
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - P McGorry
- ORYGEN Research Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - A Yung
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester and Greater Manchester West NHS Mental Health Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - D I Finkelstein
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - A I Bush
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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50
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Park TJ, Hwang MY, Moon S, Hwang JY, Go MJ, Kim BJ. Identification of a Copy Number Variation on Chromosome 20q13.12 Associated with Osteoporotic Fractures in the Korean Population. Genomics Inform 2016; 14:216-221. [PMID: 28154514 PMCID: PMC5287127 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2016.14.4.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporotic fractures (OFs) are critical hard outcomes of osteoporosis and are characterized by decreased bone strength induced by low bone density and microarchitectural deterioration in bone tissue. Most OFs cause acute pain, hospitalization, immobilization, and slow recovery in patients and are associated with increased mortality. A variety of genetic studies have suggested associations of genetic variants with the risk of OF. Genome-wide association studies have reported various single-nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variations (CNVs) in European and Asian populations. To identify CNV regions associated with OF risk, we conducted a genome-wide CNV study in a Korean population. We performed logistic regression analyses in 1,537 Korean subjects (299 OF cases and 1,238 healthy controls) and identified a total of 8 CNV regions significantly associated with OF (p < 0.05). Then, one CNV region located on chromosome 20q13.12 was selected for experimental validation. The selected CNV region was experimentally validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The CNV region of chromosome 20q13.12 is positioned upstream of a family of long non-coding RNAs, LINC01260. Our findings could provide new information on the genetic factors associated with the risk of OF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Joon Park
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Sanghoon Moon
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Hwang
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Min Jin Go
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju 28159, Korea
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