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Feng SS, Wang SJ, Guo L, Ma PP, Ye XL, Pan ML, Hang B, Mao JH, Snijders AM, Lu YB, Ding DF. Serum bile acid and unsaturated fatty acid profiles of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetic patients. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:898-913. [PMID: 38766436 PMCID: PMC11099371 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i5.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The understanding of bile acid (BA) and unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) profiles, as well as their dysregulation, remains elusive in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) coexisting with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Investigating these metabolites could offer valuable insights into the pathophy-siology of NAFLD in T2DM. AIM To identify potential metabolite biomarkers capable of distinguishing between NAFLD and T2DM. METHODS A training model was developed involving 399 participants, comprising 113 healthy controls (HCs), 134 individuals with T2DM without NAFLD, and 152 individuals with T2DM and NAFLD. External validation encompassed 172 participants. NAFLD patients were divided based on liver fibrosis scores. The analytical approach employed univariate testing, orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis, logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and decision curve analysis to pinpoint and assess the diagnostic value of serum biomarkers. RESULTS Compared to HCs, both T2DM and NAFLD groups exhibited diminished levels of specific BAs. In UFAs, particular acids exhibited a positive correlation with NAFLD risk in T2DM, while the ω-6:ω-3 UFA ratio demonstrated a negative correlation. Levels of α-linolenic acid and γ-linolenic acid were linked to significant liver fibrosis in NAFLD. The validation cohort substantiated the predictive efficacy of these biomarkers for assessing NAFLD risk in T2DM patients. CONCLUSION This study underscores the connection between altered BA and UFA profiles and the presence of NAFLD in individuals with T2DM, proposing their potential as biomarkers in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Su Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Si-Jing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pan-Pan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Long Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming-Lin Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo Hang
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Antoine M Snijders
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Yi-Bing Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Da-Fa Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
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Li LJ, Lu R, Rawal S, Birukov A, Weir NL, Tsai MY, Wu J, Chen Z, Zhang C. Maternal plasma phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids in early pregnancy and thyroid function throughout pregnancy: a longitudinal study. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:1065-1074. [PMID: 38408725 PMCID: PMC11181349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence has indicated that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)-enriched diet could reduce inflammation because of thyroid autoimmunity in vivo, and therefore, enhance thyroid function. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether early pregnancy plasma phospholipid PUFAs could benefit maternal thyroid function across pregnancy, which is critical to fetal brain development and growth in pregnancy. METHODS Within the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies-Singleton Cohort, we collected plasma samples longitudinally from 214 subjects [107 with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) matched with 107 controls] with a singleton pregnancy. We measured 11 PUFAs at early pregnancy (10-14 wk) and 5 thyroid biomarkers at 10-14, 15-26, 23-31, and 33-39 wk, including free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), thyroid-stimulating hormone, antithyroid peroxidase, and antithyroglobulin. Associations of PUFAs with thyroid function biomarkers and relative risk (RR) of gestational hypothyroidism (GHT) during pregnancy were assessed using generalized linear mixed models and modified Poisson regression, respectively. RESULTS After sample weighting because of subjects with GDM over-representing in the analytic sample with biomarkers, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at early pregnancy was associated with a reduction of 0.24 pmol/L (95% confidence intervals: -0.31, -0.16) in fT3 across gestation per standard deviation (SD) increment, whereas docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) at early pregnancy was associated with an increment of 0.04 ng/dL (0.02, 0.05) in fT4 across gestation per SD increment. Furthermore, EPA and docosatetraenoic acid (DTA) were associated with lower risks of persistent GHT (EPA-RR: 0.13; 0.06, 0.28; DTA-RR: 0.24; 0.13, 0.44) per SD increment. All significant associations remained robust in sensitivity analysis and multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS Certain plasma phospholipid PUFAs were associated with optimal levels of thyroid biomarkers and even lower risk of GHT throughout pregnancy, which might be potentially targeted for maternal thyroid regulation in early pregnancy. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY This trial was registered at https://beta. CLINICALTRIALS gov/study/NCT00912132?distance=50&term=NCT00912132&rank=1 as NCT00912132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Jun Li
- Global Centre for Asian Women's Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of O&G, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity and Equality (ACRLE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruijin Lu
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Shristi Rawal
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, Rutgers Global Health Institute, Rutgers University, NJ, United States
| | - Anna Birukov
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Natalie L Weir
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jing Wu
- Glotech Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhen Chen
- Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Global Centre for Asian Women's Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of O&G, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity and Equality (ACRLE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Caballero FF, Lana A, Struijk EA, Arias-Fernández L, Yévenes-Briones H, Cárdenas-Valladolid J, Salinero-Fort MÁ, Banegas JR, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Lopez-Garcia E. Prospective Association Between Plasma Concentrations of Fatty Acids and Other Lipids, and Multimorbidity in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1763-1770. [PMID: 37156635 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological mechanisms that lead to multimorbidity are mostly unknown, and metabolomic profiles are promising to explain different pathways in the aging process. The aim of this study was to assess the prospective association between plasma fatty acids and other lipids, and multimorbidity in older adults. Data were obtained from the Spanish Seniors-ENRICA 2 cohort, comprising noninstitutionalized adults ≥65 years old. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and after a 2-year follow-up period for a total of 1 488 subjects. Morbidity was also collected at baseline and end of the follow-up from electronic health records. Multimorbidity was defined as a quantitative score, after weighting morbidities (from a list of 60 mutually exclusive chronic conditions) by their regression coefficients on physical functioning. Generalized estimating equation models were employed to assess the longitudinal association between fatty acids and other lipids, and multimorbidity, and stratified analyses by diet quality, measured with the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010, were also conducted. Among study participants, higher concentrations of omega-6 fatty acids [coef. per 1-SD increase (95% CI) = -0.76 (-1.23, -0.30)], phosphoglycerides [-1.26 (-1.77, -0.74)], total cholines [-1.48 (-1.99, -0.96)], phosphatidylcholines [-1.23 (-1.74, -0.71)], and sphingomyelins [-1.65 (-2.12, -1.18)], were associated with lower multimorbidity scores. The strongest associations were observed for those with a higher diet quality. Higher plasma concentrations of omega-6 fatty acids, phosphoglycerides, total cholines, phosphatidylcholines, and sphingomyelins were prospectively associated with lower multimorbidity in older adults, although diet quality could modulate the associations found. These lipids may serve as risk markers for multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Félix Caballero
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lana
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Oviedo/ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ellen A Struijk
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Humberto Yévenes-Briones
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Cárdenas-Valladolid
- Dirección Técnica de Sistemas de Información. Gerencia Asistencial de Atención Primaria, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Fundación de Investigación e Innovación Biosanitaria de Atención Primaria, Madrid, Spain
- Enfermería, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Salinero-Fort
- Subdirección General de Investigación Sanitaria, Consejería de Sanidad, Fundación de Investigación e Innovación Sanitaria de Atención Primaria, Madrid, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas, Grupo de Envejecimiento y Fragilidad de las personas mayores. IdIPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - José R Banegas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Institute. CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Institute. CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Šarac I, Debeljak-Martačić J, Takić M, Stevanović V, Milešević J, Zeković M, Popović T, Jovanović J, Vidović NK. Associations of fatty acids composition and estimated desaturase activities in erythrocyte phospholipids with biochemical and clinical indicators of cardiometabolic risk in non-diabetic Serbian women: the role of level of adiposity. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1065578. [PMID: 37545582 PMCID: PMC10397414 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1065578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fatty acids (FAs) composition and desaturase activities can be altered in different metabolic conditions, but the adiposity-independent associations with clinical and biochemical indicators of cardiometabolic risk are still unclear. This study aimed to analyze the associations of FAs composition and estimated desaturase activities with anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical cardiometabolic risk indicators in non-diabetic Serbian women, and to investigate if these associations were independent of the level of adiposity and other confounders. Methods In 76 non-diabetic, otherwise healthy Serbian women, aged 24-68 years, with or without metabolic syndrome or obesity (BMI=23.6±5.6 kg/m2), FA composition in erythrocyte phospholipids was measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Desaturase activities were estimated from product/precursor FAs ratios (D9D:16:1n-7/16:0; D6D:20:3n-6/18:2n-6; D5D:20:4n-6/20:3n-6). Correlations were made with anthropometric, biochemical (serum glucose, triacylglycerols, LDL-C, HDL-C, ALT, AST, and their ratios) and clinical (blood pressure) indicators of cardiometabolic risk. Linear regression models were performed to test the independence of these associations. Results Estimated desaturase activities and certain FAs were associated with anthropometric, clinical and biochemical indicators of cardiometabolic risk: D9D, D6D, 16:1n-7 and 20:3n-6 were directly associated, while D5D and 18:0 were inversely associated. However, the associations with clinical and biochemical indicators were not independent of the associations with the level of adiposity, since they were lost after controlling for anthropometric indices. After controlling for multiple confounders (age, postmenopausal status, education, smoking, physical activity, dietary macronutrient intakes, use of supplements, alcohol consumption), the level of adiposity was the most significant predictor of desaturase activities and aforementioned FAs levels, and mediated their association with biochemical/clinical indicators. Vice versa, desaturase activities predicted the level of adiposity, but not other components of cardiometabolic risk (if the level of adiposity was accounted). While the associations of anthropometric indices with 16:1n-7, 20:3n-6, 18:0 and D9D and D6D activities were linear, the associations with D5D activity were the inverse U-shaped. The only adiposity-independent association of FAs profiles with the indicators of cardiometabolic risk was a positive association of 20:5n-3 with ALT/AST ratio, which requires further exploration. Discussion Additional studies are needed to explore the mechanisms of the observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Šarac
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Debeljak-Martačić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Takić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vuk Stevanović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milešević
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Zeković
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Popović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovica Jovanović
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Nevena Kardum Vidović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Sekar P, Ventura EF, Dhanapal ACTA, Cheah ESG, Loganathan A, Quen PL, Appukutty M, Taslim NA, Hardinsyah H, Md Noh MF, Lovegrove JA, Givens I, Vimaleswaran KS. Gene-Diet Interactions on Metabolic Disease-Related Outcomes in Southeast Asian Populations: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2948. [PMID: 37447274 PMCID: PMC10346616 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and obesity are chronic diseases that are a burden to low- and middle-income countries. We conducted this systematic review to understand gene-diet interactions affecting the Southeast Asian population's risk of obesity and diabetes. The literature search was performed on Google Scholar and MEDLINE (PubMed) search engines independently by four reviewers who evaluated the eligibility of articles based on inclusion criteria. Out of 19,031 articles, 20 articles examining gene-diet interactions on obesity and/or diabetes-related traits met the inclusion criteria. Three (Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore) out of eleven Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries have conducted studies on gene-diet interactions on obesity and diabetes. From the 20 selected articles, the most common interactions were observed between macronutrients and genetic risk score (GRS) on metabolic disease-related traits in the Malay, Chinese, and Indian ethnicities. Overall, we identified 29 significant gene-diet interactions in the Southeast Asian population. The results of this systematic review demonstrate ethnic-specific gene-nutrient interactions on metabolic-disease-related traits in the Southeast Asian population. This is the first systematic review to explore gene-diet interactions on obesity and diabetes in the Southeast Asian population and further research using larger sample sizes is required for better understanding and framing nutrigenetic approaches for personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmini Sekar
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (P.S.); (E.F.V.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Eduard Flores Ventura
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (P.S.); (E.F.V.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Anto Cordelia T. A. Dhanapal
- Centre for Biomedical and Nutrition Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar 31900, Malaysia; (A.C.T.A.D.); (E.S.G.C.); (A.L.); (P.L.Q.)
| | - Eddy Seong Guan Cheah
- Centre for Biomedical and Nutrition Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar 31900, Malaysia; (A.C.T.A.D.); (E.S.G.C.); (A.L.); (P.L.Q.)
| | - Annaletchumy Loganathan
- Centre for Biomedical and Nutrition Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar 31900, Malaysia; (A.C.T.A.D.); (E.S.G.C.); (A.L.); (P.L.Q.)
| | - Phoon Lee Quen
- Centre for Biomedical and Nutrition Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar 31900, Malaysia; (A.C.T.A.D.); (E.S.G.C.); (A.L.); (P.L.Q.)
| | - Mahenderan Appukutty
- Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia;
- Nutrition Society of Malaysia, Jalan PJS 1/48 off Jalan Klang Lama, Petaling Jaya 46150, Malaysia
| | - Nurpudji Astuti Taslim
- Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia;
| | - Hardinsyah Hardinsyah
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia;
| | - Mohd Fairulnizal Md Noh
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13 Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia;
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (P.S.); (E.F.V.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Ian Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health (IFNH), University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK;
| | - Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (P.S.); (E.F.V.); (J.A.L.)
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health (IFNH), University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK;
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Clarke ED, Stanford J, Ferguson JJA, Wood LG, Collins CE. Red Blood Cell Membrane Fatty Acid Composition, Dietary Fatty Acid Intake and Diet Quality as Predictors of Inflammation in a Group of Australian Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102405. [PMID: 37242288 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that diet can play a role in modulating systemic inflammation. This study aims to examine the relationship between fatty acids (FAs) (self-reported dietary intake and red blood cell (RBC) membrane fatty acid concentrations), three diet quality scores, and the plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers (interleukin-6, IL-6; tumour necrosis factor alpha, TNF-α; and C-reactive protein, CRP) in a group of Australian adults (n = 92). Data were collected on their demographic characteristics, health status, supplement intake, dietary intake, RBC-FAs and plasma inflammatory markers over a nine-month period. Mixed-effects models were used to determine the relationship between RBC-FAs, dietary intake of FAs, diet quality scores and inflammatory markers to determine which variable most strongly predicted systemic inflammation. A significant association was identified between dietary saturated fat intake and TNF-α (β = 0.01, p < 0.05). An association was also identified between RBC membrane saturated fatty acids (SFA) and CRP (β = 0.55, p < 0.05). Inverse associations were identified between RBC membrane monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) (β = -0.88, p < 0.01), dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (β = -0.21, p < 0.05) and CRP, and the Australian Eating Survey Modified Mediterranean Diet (AES-MED) score and IL-6 (β = -0.21, p < 0.05). In summary, using both objective and subjective measures of fat intake and diet quality, our study has confirmed a positive association between saturated fat and inflammation, while inverse associations were observed between MUFAs, PUFAs, the Mediterranean diet, and inflammation. Our results provide further evidence that manipulating diet quality, in particular fatty acid intake, may be useful for reducing chronic systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Clarke
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) Food and Nutrition Research Program, HMRI, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Jordan Stanford
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) Food and Nutrition Research Program, HMRI, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Jessica J A Ferguson
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) Food and Nutrition Research Program, HMRI, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) Food and Nutrition Research Program, HMRI, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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Budd JM, Hucik B, Wang C, King AN, Sarr O, Nakamura MT, Harasim-Symbor E, Chabowski A, Dyck DJ, Mutch DM. A reduction of skeletal muscle DHA content does not result in impaired whole body glucose tolerance or skeletal muscle basal insulin signaling in otherwise healthy mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E241-E250. [PMID: 36696599 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00308.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Delta-6 desaturase (D6D), encoded by the Fads2 gene, catalyzes the first step in the conversion of α-linolenic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The ablation of D6D in whole body Fads2-/- knockout (KO) mice results in an inability to endogenously produce EPA and DHA. Evidence supports a beneficial role for EPA and DHA on insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in skeletal muscle in the context of a metabolic challenge; however, it is unknown how low EPA and DHA levels impact skeletal muscle fatty acid composition and insulin signaling in a healthy context. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of ablating the endogenous production of EPA and DHA on skeletal muscle fatty acid composition, whole body glucose and insulin tolerance, and a key marker of skeletal muscle insulin signaling (pAkt). Male C57BL/6J wild-type (WT), Fads2+/- heterozygous, and Fads2-/- KO mice were fed a low-fat diet (16% kcal from fat) modified to contain either 7% w/w lard or 7% w/w flaxseed for 21 wk. No differences in total phospholipid (PL), triacylglycerol, or reactive lipid content were observed between genotypes. As expected, KO mice on both diets had significantly less DHA content in skeletal muscle PL. Despite this, KO mice did not have significantly different glucose or insulin tolerance compared with WT mice on either diet. Basal pAktSer473 was not significantly different between the genotypes within each diet. Ultimately, this study shows for the first time, to our knowledge, that the reduction of DHA in skeletal muscle is not necessarily detrimental to glucose homeostasis in otherwise healthy animals.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Skeletal muscle is the primary location of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. EPA and DHA supplementation has been observed to improve skeletal muscle insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in models of metabolic dysfunction. Fads2-/- knockout mice cannot endogenously produce long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Our results show that the absence of DHA in skeletal muscle is not detrimental to whole body glucose homeostasis in healthy mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Budd
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbora Hucik
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chenxuan Wang
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexa N King
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ousseynou Sarr
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manabu T Nakamura
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Ewa Harasim-Symbor
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - David J Dyck
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Ebright B, Assante I, Poblete RA, Wang S, Duro MV, Bennett DA, Arvanitakis Z, Louie SG, Yassine HN. Eicosanoid lipidome activation in post-mortem brain tissues of individuals with APOE4 and Alzheimer's dementia. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:152. [PMID: 36217192 PMCID: PMC9552454 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic neuroinflammation is one of the hallmarks of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia pathogenesis. Carrying the apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE4) allele has been associated with an accentuated response to brain inflammation and increases the risk of AD dementia progression. Among inflammation signaling pathways, aberrant eicosanoid activation plays a prominent role in neurodegeneration. METHODS Using brains from the Religious Order Study (ROS), this study compared measures of brain eicosanoid lipidome in older persons with AD dementia to age-matched controls with no cognitive impairment (NCI), stratified by APOE genotype. RESULTS Lipidomic analysis of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex demonstrated lower levels of omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and DHA-derived neuroprotectin D1 (NPD-1) in persons with AD dementia, all of which associated with lower measures of cognitive function. A significant interaction was observed between carrying the APOE4 allele and higher levels of both pro-inflammatory lipids and pro-resolving eicosanoid lipids on measures of cognitive performance and on neuritic plaque burden. Furthermore, analysis of lipid metabolism pathways implicated activation of calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzymes. CONCLUSION These findings implicate activation of the eicosanoid lipidome in the chronic unresolved state of inflammation in AD dementia, which is increased in carriers of the APOE4 allele, and identify potential therapeutic targets for resolving this chronic inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Ebright
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Isaac Assante
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Roy A Poblete
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Marlon V Duro
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stan G Louie
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
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9
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Correlations between Fatty Acid Profile and Body Fat Distribution in Postmenopausal Women-A Cross Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183865. [PMID: 36145241 PMCID: PMC9502591 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the fatty acid profile of the whole blood of postmenopausal women, taking into account anthropometric parameters. The study involved 156 healthy women with an average age of 60 (SD = 6.3 years) years who were living in the West Pomerania Province (Poland). An original questionnaire was presented to all patients, conducting anthropometric measurements of them: weight, height, waist and hip circumference, body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio (WHR) and body adipose index (BAI), as well as an assessment of the fatty acid profile by employing gas chromatography. It has been observed that in menopausal women, the concentration of C16:1 increases with respect to their BMI (r = 0.205 p = 0.01). Similar correlations were noted with regard to body weight (C16:1 r = 0.177 p = 0.029). It was also shown that the concentration of C18trans11 (r = −0.166 p = 0.039), 18:2n6 (r = −0.165 p = 0.04) and n6/n9 (r = −0.194 p = 0.015) were negatively correlated with respect to their WHR, while the levels C16:1 (r = 0.22 p = 0.006), C18:1n9 (r = 0.22 p = 0.007), C24:1 (r = 0.251 p = 0.002), MUFA (r = 0.227 p = 0.046) and n9 (r = 0.224 p = 0.005) were correlated positively with respect to their BAI. The fatty acid profile of the whole blood of postmenopausal women is modulated to a poor extent by anthropometric variables. Therefore, more prospective research is warranted.
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10
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Fierli D, Aranyos A, Barone ME, Parkes R, Touzet N. Influence of exogenous phytohormone supplementation on the pigment and fatty acid content of three marine diatoms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6195-6207. [PMID: 36040486 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Diatoms are ubiquitous photosynthetic microorganisms with great potential for biotechnological applications. However, their commercialisation is hampered by production costs, requiring hence optimisation of cultivation methods. Phytohormones are plant growth regulators which may be used to influence physiological processes in microalgae, including diatoms. In this study, the model species Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Phaeodactylaceae) and two Irish isolates of Stauroneis sp. (Stauroneidaceae) and Nitzschia sp. (Bacillariaceae) were grown with varying amounts of the phytohormones indoleacetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), methyl jasmonate (MJ), abscisic acid (ABA) or salicylic acid (SA), and their influence on pigment and fatty acid profiles was monitored. The application of GA3 (200 mg/l) stimulated the growth of P. tricornutum which accumulated 52% more dry biomass compared to the control and concomitantly returned the highest eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) yield (0.6 mg/l). The highest fucoxanthin yield (0.18 mg/l) was obtained for P. tricornutum cultivated with GA3 (2 mg/l) supplementation. In Stauroneis sp., SA (1 mg/l) had the most positive effect on EPA, the content of which was enhanced up to 45.7 μg/mg (4.6% of total dry weight). The SA (1 mg/l) treatment also boosted carotenogenesis in Nitzschia sp., leading to 1.7- and 14-fold increases in fucoxanthin and β-carotene compared to the control, respectively. Of note, MJ (0.5 mg/l) increased the EPA content of all diatom species compared to their controls. These results indicate that phytohormone-based treatments can be used to alter the pigment and lipid content of microalgae, which tend to respond in dose- and species-specific manners to individual compounds.Key points• Response to phytohormones was investigated in diatoms from distinct families.• MJ (0.5 mg/l) caused an increase in EPA cellular content in all three diatoms.• Phytohormones mostly caused dose-dependent and species-specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fierli
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Centre for Environmental Research, Innovation and Sustainability, CERIS, Atlantic Technological University Sligo, Sligo, Ireland.
| | - Anita Aranyos
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Centre for Environmental Research, Innovation and Sustainability, CERIS, Atlantic Technological University Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Maria Elena Barone
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Centre for Environmental Research, Innovation and Sustainability, CERIS, Atlantic Technological University Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Rachel Parkes
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Centre for Environmental Research, Innovation and Sustainability, CERIS, Atlantic Technological University Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Nicolas Touzet
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Centre for Environmental Research, Innovation and Sustainability, CERIS, Atlantic Technological University Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
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11
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Takic M, Pokimica B, Petrovic-Oggiano G, Popovic T. Effects of Dietary α-Linolenic Acid Treatment and the Efficiency of Its Conversion to Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids in Obesity and Related Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144471. [PMID: 35889342 PMCID: PMC9317994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is present in high amounts in oils such as flaxseed, soy, hemp, rapeseed, chia, and perilla, while stearidonic acid is abundant in echium oil. ALA is metabolized to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by desaturases and elongases in humans. The conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA is limited, and these long-chain n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are mainly provided from dietary sources (fish and seafood). This review provides an overview of studies that explored the effects of dietary supplementation with ALA in obesity and related diseases. The obesity-associated changes of desaturase and elongase activities are summarized, as they could influence the metabolic conversion of ALA. Generally, supplementation with ALA or ALA-rich oils leads to an increase in EPA levels and has no effect on DHA or omega-3 index. According to the literature data, stearidonic acid could enhance conversion of ALA to long-chain n−3 PUFA in obesity. Recent studies confirm that EPA and DHA intake should be considered as a primary dietary treatment strategy for improving the omega-3 index in obesity and related diseases.
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12
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Inhibition of Δ-6 desaturase reduces fatty acid re-esterification in 3T3-L1 adipocytes independent of changes in n3-PUFA cellular content. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Jackson KH, Van Guilder GP, Tintle N, Tate B, McFadden J, Perry CA. Plasma fatty acid responses to a calorie-restricted, DASH-style diet with lean beef. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 179:102413. [PMID: 35395436 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma fatty acid (FA) levels are used as biomarkers of health outcomes and nutritional intake. METHODS This was an exploratory analysis of the plasma FA profile from a parallel-designed, controlled-feeding study in older, obese adults (females, n = 17; males, n = 11) consuming a DASH-based diet with two levels of lean beef (3oz and 6oz per day). Plasma FA levels (as percent composition) were measured by gas chromatography from five timepoints over the 12-week intervention. The primary plasma FA change patterns modeled were sustained (initial change to 'new normal') or homeostatic (initial change, then return toward original baseline). RESULTS The study diet was low in fat (< 60 g/d), especially polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs; < 5 g/d), compared to the average American diet of obese individuals as described by a nationally representative sample. Participants lost ∼6% of body mass and lowered plasma fasting triglyceride levels by ∼9% over the course of the study. With strong to very strong strength of evidence, the individual FAs displaying a sustained response were C16:1n7t, C18:1n9, C20:1n9, and C18:2n6, and homeostatic response, C18:0, 24:0, C24:1n9, C18:3n6, C20:4n6, and C22:6n3 (Ps < 0.0021, Bonferroni-adjusted). The data suggested that systematic changes in both the PUFA and de novo lipogenesis pathways occurred. CONCLUSIONS Diet can affect plasma FA changes both due to nutritional composition and by affecting metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Harris Jackson
- OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC. Sioux Falls, SD 57106 USA; Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105 USA
| | - Gary P Van Guilder
- Exercise & Sport Science, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO 81230 USA
| | - Nathan Tintle
- Fatty Acid Research Institute (FARI), Sioux Falls, SD 57106 USA
| | - Brianna Tate
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Joseph McFadden
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Cydne A Perry
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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14
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Longitudinal Associations of Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Pregnancy with Neonatal Anthropometry: Results from the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies-Singleton Cohort. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030592. [PMID: 35276951 PMCID: PMC8840515 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing interest in the health effects of polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), their roles in fetal and neonatal growth remain understudied. Within the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies—Singleton Cohort, we prospectively investigated the associations of individual and subclasses of plasma phospholipid PUFAs at gestational weeks (GW) 10−14, 15−26, 23−31, and 33−39 with neonatal anthropometric measures as surrogates for fetal growth among 107 women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 214 non-GDM controls. Multivariable weighted linear regression models estimated the associations between plasma phospholipid PUFAs and neonatal anthropometric measures. Adjusted beta coefficients for phospholipid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) per standard deviation (SD) increase at GW 23−31 in association with birthweight z-score, neonatal length, and neonatal fat mass were 0.25 (95% CI: 0.08−0.41), 0.57 (0.11−1.03) cm, and 54.99 (23.57−86.42) g, respectively; all false discovery rates (FDRs) < 0.05. Estimated Δ5-desaturase activity per SD increase at GW 33−39 but not at other time points was positively associated with birthweight z-score: 0.29 (95% CI: 0.08−0.33); neonatal length: 0.61 (0.29−0.94) cm; and neonatal fat mass: 32.59 (8.21−56.96) g; all FDRs < 0.05. Longitudinal analysis showed consistent results. Our findings suggest that mid-to-late pregnancy presented as critical windows for primarily diet-derived DHA and Δ5-desaturase activity in relation to neonatal anthropometric measures.
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15
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Fadini AL, Alvim ID, Carazzato CA, Paganotti KBDF, Miguel AMRDO, Rodrigues RAF. Microparticles loaded with fish oil: stability studies, food application and sensory evaluation. J Microencapsul 2021; 38:365-380. [PMID: 34278940 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2021.1948622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Evaluate the stability of microparticles loaded with fish oil produced by spray drying, spray chilling and by the combination of these techniques (double-shell) and use the microparticles for food application. METHODS Samples were stored for 180 days at 6 °C and 24 °C (75% RH). Performed investigations included encapsulation efficiency, moisture content, aw, size (laser scattering), colour (L*, a*, b*), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (GC), thermal behaviour (DSC) and crystalline structure (XRD). RESULTS Double-shell microparticles containing 26 wt% core material, 22.74 ± 0.02 µm (D0.5) and 2.05 ± 0.03 span index, 1.262 ± 0.026 wt% moisture content and 0.240 ± 0.001 of aw had PUFAs retention higher than 90 wt% during storage at 6 °C without changes in crystalline structure (β'-type crystals) and melting temperature (54 °C). The sensory evaluation suggested low fish oil release in oral phase digestion. CONCLUSIONS Double-shell microparticles were effective to protect and deliver PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Fadini
- Cereal Chocotec, Institute of Food Technology, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Rodney Alexandre Ferreira Rodrigues
- Phytochemistry Division, CPQBA, University of Campinas, Paulínia, Brazil
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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16
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Lipidomic profile of human nasal mucosa and associations with circulating fatty acids and olfactory deficiency. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16771. [PMID: 34408170 PMCID: PMC8373950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93817-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The nasal mucosa (NM) contains olfactory mucosa which contributes to the detection of odorant molecules and the transmission of olfactory information to the brain. To date, the lipid composition of the human NM has not been adequately characterized. Using gas chromatography, liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and thin layer chromatography, we analyzed the fatty acids and the phospholipid and ceramide molecular species in adult human nasal and blood biopsies. Saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) accounted for 45% and 29% of the nasal total fatty acids, respectively. Fatty acids of the n-6 family were predominant in the PUFA subgroup. Linoleic acid and arachidonic acid (AA) were incorporated in the main nasal phospholipid classes. Correlation analysis revealed that the nasal AA level might be positively associated with olfactory deficiency. In addition, a strong positive association between the AA levels in the NM and in plasma cholesteryl esters suggested that this blood fraction might be used as an indicator of the nasal AA level. The most abundant species of ceramides and their glycosylated derivatives detected in NM contained palmitic acid and long-chain fatty acids. Overall, this study provides new insight into lipid species that potentially contribute to the maintenance of NM homeostasis and demonstrates that circulating biomarkers might be used to predict nasal fatty acid content.
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17
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Moubareck CA. Human Milk Microbiota and Oligosaccharides: A Glimpse into Benefits, Diversity, and Correlations. Nutrients 2021; 13:1123. [PMID: 33805503 PMCID: PMC8067037 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk represents a cornerstone for growth and development of infants, with extensive array of benefits. In addition to exceptionally nutritive and bioactive components, human milk encompasses a complex community of signature bacteria that helps establish infant gut microbiota, contributes to maturation of infant immune system, and competitively interferes with pathogens. Among bioactive constituents of milk, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are particularly significant. These are non-digestible carbohydrates forming the third largest solid component in human milk. Valuable effects of HMOs include shaping intestinal microbiota, imparting antimicrobial effects, developing intestinal barrier, and modulating immune response. Moreover, recent investigations suggest correlations between HMOs and milk microbiota, with complex links possibly existing with environmental factors, genetics, geographical location, and other factors. In this review, and from a physiological and health implications perspective, milk benefits for newborns and mothers are highlighted. From a microbiological perspective, a focused insight into milk microbiota, including origins, diversity, benefits, and effect of maternal diet is presented. From a metabolic perspective, biochemical, physiological, and genetic significance of HMOs, and their probable relations to milk microbiota, are addressed. Ongoing research into mechanistic processes through which the rich biological assets of milk promote development, shaping of microbiota, and immunity is tackled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Ayoub Moubareck
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai 19282, United Arab Emirates
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18
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Conway MC, McSorley EM, Mulhern MS, Spence T, Wijngaarden EV, Watson GE, Wahlberg K, Pineda D, Broberg K, Hyland BW, Cobice DF, Strain JJ, Yeates AJ. The influence of fish consumption on serum n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations in women of childbearing age: a randomised controlled trial (the iFish Study). Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:1415-1427. [PMID: 32725293 PMCID: PMC7987591 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02326-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) can be synthesised endogenously from linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) in a pathway involving the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes. Endogenous synthesis is inefficient; therefore, dietary intake of preformed LCPUFA from their richest source of fish is preferred. This study investigated the effect of fish consumption on PUFA concentrations in women of childbearing age while stratifying by FADS genotype. The influence of fish consumption on lipid profile, and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress was also examined. METHODS Healthy women (n = 49) provided a buccal swab which was analysed for FADS2 genotype (rs3834458; T/deletion). Participants were stratified according to genotype and randomised to an intervention group to receive either no fish (n = 18), 1 portion (n = 14) or 2 portions (n = 17) (140 g per portion) of fish per week for a period of 8 weeks. Serum PUFA was analysed at baseline and post-intervention. Lipid profile, and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress were also analysed. RESULTS Participants consuming 2 portions of fish per week had significantly higher concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and total n-3 PUFA, and a lower n-6:n-3 ratio compared to those in the no fish or 1 portion per week group (all p < 0.05). Fish consumption did not have a significant effect on biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation and lipid profile in the current study. CONCLUSION Consumption of 2 portions of fish per week has beneficial effects on biological n-3 PUFA concentrations in women of childbearing age; however, no effects on oxidative stress, inflammation or lipid profile were observed. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03765580), registered December 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C. Conway
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA Northern Ireland UK
| | - Emeir M. McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA Northern Ireland UK
| | - Maria S. Mulhern
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA Northern Ireland UK
| | - Toni Spence
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA Northern Ireland UK
| | | | - Gene E. Watson
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, USA
| | - Karin Wahlberg
- The Laboratory of Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniela Pineda
- The Laboratory of Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Broberg
- The Laboratory of Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barry W. Hyland
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute (BMSRI), Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland UK
| | - Diego F. Cobice
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute (BMSRI), Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland UK
| | - J. J. Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA Northern Ireland UK
| | - Alison J. Yeates
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA Northern Ireland UK
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19
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Chen L, Zhu Y, Fei Z, Hinkle SN, Xia T, Liu X, Rahman ML, Li M, Wu J, Weir NL, Tsai MY, Zhang C. Plasma Phospholipid n-3/ n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Desaturase Activities in Relation to Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity through Pregnancy: A Longitudinal Study within the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113544. [PMID: 33227993 PMCID: PMC7699189 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal plasma phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play critical roles in maternal health and fetal development. Beyond dietary factors, maternal moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) has been linked to multiple health benefits for both the mother and offspring, but studies investigating the influence of maternal MVPA on maternal PUFA profile are scarce. The objective of present study was to examine the time-specific and prospective associations of MVPA with plasma PUFA profile among pregnant women. This study included 321 participants from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Fetal Growth Studies–Singletons cohort. Maternal plasma phospholipid PUFAs and MPVA were measured at four visits during pregnancy (10–14, 15–26, 23–31, and 33–39 gestational weeks (GW)). Associations of maternal MVPA with individual plasma PUFAs and desaturase activity were examined using generalized linear models. Maternal MVPA was associated inversely with plasma phospholipid linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and Δ6-desaturase in late pregnancy (23–31 or 33–39 GW), independent of maternal age, race, education, parity, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and dietary factors. Findings from this longitudinal study indicate that maternal habitual MVPA may play a role on PUFAs metabolism, particular by alerting plasma n-6 subclass and desaturase activity in late pregnancy. These associations are novel and merit confirmation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (L.C.); (T.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Yeyi Zhu
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA;
| | - Zhe Fei
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Stefanie N. Hinkle
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.N.H.); (M.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Tong Xia
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (L.C.); (T.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (L.C.); (T.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Mohammad L. Rahman
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Mengying Li
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.N.H.); (M.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jing Wu
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.N.H.); (M.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Natalie L. Weir
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (N.L.W.); (M.Y.T.)
| | - Michael Y. Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (N.L.W.); (M.Y.T.)
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.N.H.); (M.L.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +301-435-6917; Fax: +301-402-2084
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20
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Gonzalez-Soto M, Mutch DM. Diet Regulation of Long-Chain PUFA Synthesis: Role of Macronutrients, Micronutrients, and Polyphenols on Δ-5/Δ-6 Desaturases and Elongases 2/5. Adv Nutr 2020; 12:980-994. [PMID: 33186986 PMCID: PMC8166571 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiencies in the n-3 (ω-3) long-chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs) EPA and DHA are associated with increased risk for the development of numerous diseases. Although n-3 LC-PUFAs can be obtained by consuming marine products, they are also synthesized endogenously through a biochemical pathway regulated by the Δ-5/Δ-6 desaturase and elongase 2/5 enzymes. This narrative review collates evidence from the past 40 y demonstrating that mRNA expression and activity of desaturase and elongase enzymes are influenced by numerous dietary components, including macronutrients, micronutrients, and polyphenols. Specifically, we highlight that both the quantity and the composition of dietary fats, carbohydrates, and proteins can differentially regulate desaturase pathway activity. Furthermore, desaturase and elongase mRNA levels and enzyme activities are also influenced by micronutrients (folate, vitamin B-12, vitamin A), trace minerals (iron, zinc), and polyphenols (resveratrol, isoflavones). Understanding how these various dietary components influence LC-PUFA synthesis will help further advance our understanding of how dietary patterns, ranging from caloric excesses to micronutrient deficiencies, influence disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Gonzalez-Soto
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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21
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Flannagan K, Gahagan S, Das A, Burrows R, Lozoff B, Villamor E. Serum polyunsaturated fatty acids in infancy are associated with body composition in adolescence. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12656. [PMID: 32426929 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been related to the development of adiposity. N-3 PUFA appears to be protective against obesity risk, while n-6 PUFA may be associated with greater adiposity. However, most studies have been conducted among adults. The role of PUFA in infancy is unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine associations of serum PUFA at age 1 year with age- and sex-adjusted body mass index Z score (BMIZ) change through age 16 years and body composition at 16 years. METHODS We quantified serum PUFA in 636 Chilean infants aged 1 year. We measured BMIZ at ages 1, 5, 10 and 16 years, and body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at 16 years. We estimated differences in 1- to 16-years BMIZ change between PUFA quartiles from multivariable linear mixed models with restricted cubic splines. At 16 years, we estimated differences in total fat mass (ToFM), truncal fat mass (TrFM), total lean mass (TLM), percent total fat mass (%ToFM) and percent truncal fat mass (%TrFM) between PUFA quartiles using linear regression. RESULTS PUFA were not associated with BMIZ change. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) was positively associated with TrFM (P = .03) and %TrFM (P < .0001) at 16 years while eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was inversely associated with %TrFM (P = .001). Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) was positively associated with ToFM (P = .01), TrFM (P = .009), %ToFM (P = .02) and %TrFM (P = .02). Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and the Δ6-desaturase (D6D) activity index were each positively, linearly associated with ToFM, TrFM and %ToFM. The Δ5-desaturase (D5D) activity index was inversely associated with %TrFM (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS ALA, DPA, GLA and the D6D index at 1 year of age were positively associated with adiposity at age 16 years, while EPA and the D5D index were inversely associated with central adiposity. Our results related to EPA and desaturase indices are in agreement with limited prior studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Flannagan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sheila Gahagan
- Division of Child Development and Community Health, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Arun Das
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Raquel Burrows
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Betsy Lozoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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22
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Fraser K, Roy NC, Goumidi L, Verdu A, Suchon P, Leal-Valentim F, Trégouët DA, Morange PE, Martin JC. Plasma Biomarkers and Identification of Resilient Metabolic Disruptions in Patients With Venous Thromboembolism Using a Metabolic Systems Approach. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2527-2538. [PMID: 32757649 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism referred as venous thromboembolism (VTE) are a common cause of morbidity and mortality. Plasma from healthy controls or individuals who have experienced a VTE were analyzed using metabolomics to characterize biomarkers and metabolic systems of patients with VTE. Approach and Results: Polar metabolite and lipidomic profiles from plasma collected 3 months after an incident VTE were obtained using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Fasting-state plasma samples from 42 patients with VTE and 42 healthy controls were measured. Plasma metabolomic profiling identified 512 metabolites forming 62 biological clusters. Multivariate analysis revealed a panel of 21 metabolites altogether capable of predicting VTE status with an area under the curve of 0.92 (P=0.00174, selectivity=0.857, sensitivity=0.971). Multiblock systems analysis revealed 25 of the 62 functional biological groups as significantly affected in the VTE group (P<0.05 to control). Complementary correlation network analysis of the dysregulated functions highlighted a subset of the lipidome composed mainly of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids within the predominant triglycerides as a potential regulator of the post-VTE event biological response, possibly controlling oxidative and inflammatory defence systems, and metabolic disorder associated dysregulations. Of interest was microbiota metabolites including trimethylamine N-oxide that remained associated to post incident VTE patients, highlighting a possible involvement of gut microbiota on VTE risk and relapse. CONCLUSIONS These findings show promise for the elucidation of underlying mechanisms and the design of a diagnostic test to assess the likely efficacy of clinical care in patients with VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Fraser
- Food Nutrition and Health, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand (K.F., N.C.R.).,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand (K.F., N.C.R.).,Riddet Institute, Massey University, New Zealand (K.F., N.C.R.)
| | - Nicole C Roy
- Food Nutrition and Health, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand (K.F., N.C.R.).,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand (K.F., N.C.R.).,Riddet Institute, Massey University, New Zealand (K.F., N.C.R.).,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand Paris, France (N.C.R.).,Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (N.C.R.)
| | - Louisa Goumidi
- C2VN, INRAE (Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement), INSERM (L.G., P.S., P.-E.M., J.-C.M.), Aix-Marseille University, France
| | | | - Pierre Suchon
- C2VN, INRAE (Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement), INSERM (L.G., P.S., P.-E.M., J.-C.M.), Aix-Marseille University, France.,Bruker Daltonics, Marne la Vallée, France (A.V., P.S.)
| | - Felipe Leal-Valentim
- INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, France (F.L.-V., D.-A.T.)
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, France (F.L.-V., D.-A.T.)
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Morange
- C2VN, INRAE (Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement), INSERM (L.G., P.S., P.-E.M., J.-C.M.), Aix-Marseille University, France.,APHM, France (P.-E.M.)
| | - Jean-Charles Martin
- C2VN, INRAE (Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement), INSERM (L.G., P.S., P.-E.M., J.-C.M.), Aix-Marseille University, France.,BIOMET (J.-C.M.), Aix-Marseille University, France
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23
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Urrutia O, Mendizabal JA, Alfonso L, Soret B, Insausti K, Arana A. Adipose Tissue Modification through Feeding Strategies and Their Implication on Adipogenesis and Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Ruminants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3183. [PMID: 32365995 PMCID: PMC7246642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary recommendations by health authorities have been advising of the importance of diminishing saturated fatty acids (SFA) consumption and replacing them by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly omega-3. Therefore, there have been efforts to enhance food fatty acid profiles, helping them to meet human nutritional recommendations. Ruminant meat is the major dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) source, but it also contains SFA at relatively high proportions, deriving from ruminal biohydrogenation of PUFA. Additionally, lipid metabolism in ruminants may differ from other species. Recent research has aimed to modify the fatty acid profile of meat, and other animal products. This review summarizes dietary strategies based on the n-3 PUFA supplementation of ruminant diets and their effects on meat fatty acid composition. Additionally, the role of n-3 PUFA in adipose tissue (AT) development and in the expression of key genes involved in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism is discussed. It has been demonstrated that linseed supplementation leads to an increase in α-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), but not in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), whilst fish oil and algae increase DHA content. Dietary PUFA can alter AT adiposity and modulate lipid metabolism genes expression, although further research is required to clarify the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaia Urrutia
- IS-FOOD Institute, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y Biociencias, Departamento de Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (J.A.M.); (L.A.); (B.S.); (K.I.); (A.A.)
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24
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Agro-industrial by-product in photoheterotrophic and mixotrophic culture of Tetradesmus obliquus: Production of ω3 and ω6 essential fatty acids with biotechnological importance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6411. [PMID: 32286383 PMCID: PMC7156709 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have highlighted the role of low cost-efficient agro-industrial by-products used as supplements in algal culture media. The aim of the study was to identify and characterize the basic metabolic pathways in Tetradesmus obliquus cells induced by supplementation with beet molasses in photoheterotrophic and mixotrophic culture conditions. To assess the impact of the nutritional strategy in unicellular algae, growth curves were plotted and lipid, carbohydrate, and protein levels were determined. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy was applied to measure the Tetradesmus obliquus cell composition. Additionally, the C16-C18 fatty acid profile of Tetradesmus obliquus was determined by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry. The switch from autotrophy to photoheterotrophy and mixotrophy contributes to shortening of the adaptation growth phase. The highest protein content was obtained in the mixotrophic growth. This study has demonstrated high content of 18:1, cisΔ9, 18:2, cisΔ9,12, ω6, and 18:3, cisΔ9,12,15, ω3 in photoheterotrophic and mixotrophic culture conditions. High levels of proteins and essential fatty acids make Tetradesmus obliquus cell biomass important for human and animals health.
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25
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Cybulska AM, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Drozd A, Rachubińska K, Pawlik J, Stachowska E, Jurczak A, Grochans E. Fatty Acid Profile of Postmenopausal Women Receiving, and Not Receiving, Hormone Replacement Therapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214273. [PMID: 31689897 PMCID: PMC6862544 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Menopause, the permanent cessation of the menstrual cycle, marks the end of a woman's reproductive lifespan. Menopausal hormonal therapy (MHT) can potentially skew the fatty acid profile increasing the risk for developing metabolic diseases and disorders of skeletal, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the fatty acid profile of postmenopausal women receiving, and not receiving, hormone replacement therapy. A total of 156 healthy women with a mean age of 60 participated in this cross-sectional study. Gas chromatography with an Agilent Technologies 7890A GC system was used to determine fatty acid content. Statistical analysis was conducted using R software, version 3.4.1. Women receiving MHT had significantly higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of C14:0 and C16:0. MHT was found to be associated with a tendency (p = 0.053) to diminish concentrations of C18:1n-9, C20:4, and all unsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.05). The longer MHT was used, the higher the concentration of C24:1 (p = 0.04) and the lower the concentration of C18:2n-6 (p = 0.03).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Cybulska
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Arleta Drozd
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Kamila Rachubińska
- Student Research Association, Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Pawlik
- Institut für Nephrologie und Dialyse Salem-Spital, Hirslanden Bern AG, 3000 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Anna Jurczak
- Department of Specialized Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Grochans
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
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26
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Muzsik A, Bajerska J, Jeleń HH, Gaca A, Chmurzynska A. Associations between Fatty Acid Intake and Status, Desaturase Activities, and FADS Gene Polymorphism in Centrally Obese Postmenopausal Polish Women. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1068. [PMID: 30103441 PMCID: PMC6115977 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA) status is associated with the risk of several diet-related diseases. Since postmenopausal women are at increased risk of cardiometabolic disturbances, determinants of FA metabolism should be fully understood in this group. We hypothesize that FA metabolism in postmenopausal Polish women may depend on current macronutrient intake and on fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene polymorphism. One-hundred-and-twenty-eight postmenopausal women with central obesity were recruited to the study and their dietary intake, FA composition in red blood cells (RBC), and rs174556, rs174561, rs174547, and rs3834458 polymorphism of the FADS gene were analyzed. Higher levels of 18:2n-6t level in RBC were associated with higher protein or fat intake or with lower carbohydrate intake. The minor allele carriers of rs174561 of the fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) gene had 9.7% lower concentration of 20:4n⁻6 in RBC (p < 0.05), but there were no other associations between other FA in RBC levels and FADS1 or fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) polymorphisms. The mean D5D value was 15.3⁻17.9% lower in the minor allele carriers of each SNPs. We concluded that protein and carbohydrate intake may be associated with FA concentrations in RBC in centrally obese postmenopausal Polish women. The D5D value may be affected by FADS1 or FADS2 polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Muzsik
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Joanna Bajerska
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Henryk H Jeleń
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Anna Gaca
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Agata Chmurzynska
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznan, Poland.
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27
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Mazoochian L, Mohammad Sadeghi HM, Pourfarzam M. The effect of FADS2 gene rs174583 polymorphism on desaturase activities, fatty acid profile, insulin resistance, biochemical indices, and incidence of type 2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 23:47. [PMID: 29937909 PMCID: PMC5996566 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_961_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: In this study, we investigated the associations of erythrocytes fatty acid composition, activities of delta-5 desaturase (D5D) and delta-6 desaturase (D6D), and other metabolic risk factors, with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk to determine if rs174583 polymorphism of FADS2 gene had any effect on these associations. Materials and Methods: Fatty acid profile of erythrocytes was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in 95 T2D patients and 95 apparently healthy participants. The genotypes of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of FADS2 gene were determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Other biochemical parameters were measured in the serum using standard analytical procedures. Results: D6D activity was increased (P < 0.001) and D5D activity was decreased in T2D patients (P < 0.001) compared to controls. Homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index was positively correlated with D6D (r = 0.34, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with D5D (r = −0.19, P = 0.02). Palmitic acid (P < 0.001) and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (P = 0.03) were higher and linoleic acid (P < 0.001) and arachidonic acid (AA) (P < 0.001) were lower in T2D patients. The distribution of rs174583 genotypes which includes C/T, C/C, and T/T was not different in the two groups (P = 0.63). Conclusion: In the population studied, there was a strong association in the erythrocytes fatty acid composition, D5D and D6D activities and other metabolic risk factors between non-T2D and T2D patients. In addition, there was a strong association in erythrocytes DGLA and AA contents and D5D activities between rs174583 genotypes in all participants. However, the distribution of rs174583 genotypes did not differ significantly between T2D patient and controls, and it did not appear to be an association between rs174583 SNP and incident of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mazoochian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Mir Mohammad Sadeghi
- Department of Biotechnology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morteza Pourfarzam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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28
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The combined effects of FADS gene variation and dietary fats in obesity-related traits in a population from the far north of Sweden: the GLACIER Study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:808-820. [PMID: 29795460 PMCID: PMC6124650 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent analyses in Greenlandic Inuit identified six genetic polymorphisms (rs74771917, rs3168072, rs12577276, rs7115739, rs174602, and rs174570) in the fatty acid desaturase gene cluster (FADS1-FADS2-FADS3) that are associated with multiple metabolic and anthropometric traits. Our objectives were to systematically assess whether dietary polyunsaturated fat acid (PUFA) intake modifies the associations between genetic variants in the FADS gene cluster and cardiometabolic traits and to functionally annotate top ranking candidates to estimate their regulatory potential. Methods Data analyses consisted: interaction analyses between the six candidate genetic variants and dietary PUFA intake; gene-centric joint analyses to detect interaction signals in the FADS region; haplotype block-centric joint tests across 30 haplotype blocks in the FADS region to refine interaction signals; functional annotation of top loci. These analyses were undertaken in Swedish adults from the GLACIER Study (N=5,160); data on genetic variation and eight cardiometabolic traits was used. Results Interactions were observed between rs174570 and n-6 PUFA intake on fasting glucose (Pint=0.005) and between rs174602 and n-3 PUFA intake on total cholesterol (Pint=0.001). Gene-centric analyses demonstrated a statistically significant interaction effect for FADS and n-3 PUFA on triglycerides (P=0.005) considering genetic main effects as random. Haplotype analyses revealed three blocks (Pint<0.011) that could drive the interaction between FADS and n-3 PUFA on triglycerides; Functional annotation of these regions showed that each block harbours a number of highly functional regulatory variants; FADS2 rs5792235 demonstrated the highest functionality score. Conclusions The association between FADS variants and triglycerides may be modified by PUFA intake. The intronic FADS2 rs5792235 variant is a potential causal variant in the region having the highest regulatory potential. However, our results suggest that haplotypes may harbour multiple functional variants in a region, rather than a single variant.
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Pabst T, Kortz L, Fiedler GM, Ceglarek U, Idle JR, Beyoğlu D. The plasma lipidome in acute myeloid leukemia at diagnosis in relation to clinical disease features. BBA CLINICAL 2017; 7:105-114. [PMID: 28331812 PMCID: PMC5357680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early studies established that certain lipids were lower in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells than normal leukocytes. Because lipids are now known to play an important role in cell signaling and regulation of homeostasis, and are often perturbed in malignancies, we undertook a comprehensive lipidomic survey of plasma from AML patients at time of diagnosis and also healthy blood donors. METHODS Plasma lipid profiles were measured using three mass spectrometry platforms in 20 AML patients and 20 healthy blood donors. Data were collected on total cholesterol and fatty acids, fatty acid amides, glycerolipids, phospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol esters, coenzyme Q10 and eicosanoids. RESULTS We observed a depletion of plasma total fatty acids and cholesterol, but an increase in certain free fatty acids with the observed decline in sphingolipids, phosphocholines, triglycerides and cholesterol esters probably driven by enhanced fatty acid oxidation in AML cells. Arachidonic acid and precursors were elevated in AML, particularly in patients with high bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blasts and unfavorable prognostic risk. PGF2α was also elevated, in patients with low BM or peripheral blasts and with a favorable prognostic risk. A broad panoply of lipid classes is altered in AML plasma, pointing to disturbances of several lipid metabolic interconversions, in particular in relation to blast cell counts and prognostic risk. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate potential roles played by lipids in AML heterogeneity and disease outcome. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Enhanced catabolism of several lipid classes increases prognostic risk while plasma PGF2α may be a marker for reduced prognostic risk in AML.
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Key Words
- 12-HEPE, 12-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoic acid
- 12-LOX, 12-lipoxygenase
- 2HG, (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate
- 2OG, 2-oxoglutarate
- 8,9-DHET, 8,9-dihydroxy-5Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoic acid
- AA, arachidonic acid
- ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- AML, acute myeloid leukemia
- Acute myeloid leukemia
- Blast cell number
- CE, cholesterol ester
- CML, chronic myelogenous leukemia
- CPT1a, carnitine palmitate transferase 1a
- Cer, ceramide
- CoQ10, coenzyme Q10
- DG, diacylglycerol
- DGLA, dihomo-γ-linoleic acid
- DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation
- EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5;5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)
- ESI-, electrospray ionization negative mode
- ESI +, electrospray ionization positive mode
- Eicosanoids
- FAA, fatty acid amide
- FAB, French-American-British classification
- FAME, fatty acid methyl ester
- FAO, fatty acid oxidation
- FLC-QqLIT-MS, fast liquid chromatography-quadrupole linear ion-trap mass spectrometry
- Fatty acids
- GCMS, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
- LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine
- LPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamine
- Lipidomics
- MG, monoacylglycerol
- MRM, multiple reactions monitoring
- MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid
- OPLS-DA, orthogonal PLS-DA
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PCA, principal components analysis
- PE, phosphatidylethanolamine
- PGE2, prostaglandin E2
- PGF1α, prostaglandin 1α
- PGF2α, prostaglandin F2α
- PGH2, prostaglandin H2
- PLS-DA, projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis
- POEA, palmitoleoyl ethanolamide
- PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid
- Prognostic risk
- SCD1, stearoyl CoA desaturase 1
- SM, sphingomyelin
- TG, triacylglycerol (triglyceride)
- TxA2, thromboxane A2
- TxB2, thromboxane B2
- UPLC-ESI-QTOFMS, ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
- mPGES-1, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pabst
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital Bern, Switzerland
| | - Linda Kortz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg M Fiedler
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital Bern, Switzerland
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jeffrey R Idle
- Hepatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Diren Beyoğlu
- Hepatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
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30
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Yary T, Voutilainen S, Tuomainen TP, Ruusunen A, Nurmi T, Virtanen JK. Serum n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, Δ5- and Δ6-desaturase activities, and risk of incident type 2 diabetes in men: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:1337-43. [PMID: 27009754 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.128629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of n-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is inconclusive. In addition, little is known about how factors involved in PUFA metabolism, such as zinc, may affect the associations. OBJECTIVES We investigated the associations of serum n-6 PUFAs and activities of enzymes involved in PUFA metabolism, Δ5 desaturase (D5D) and Δ6 desaturase (D6D), with T2D risk to determine whether serum zinc concentrations could modify these associations. DESIGN The study included 2189 men from the prospective Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, aged 42-60 y and free of T2D at baseline in 1984-1989. T2D was assessed by self-administered questionnaires, by fasting and 2-h oral-glucose-tolerance test blood glucose measurement at re-examination rounds 4, 11, and 20 y after baseline, and by record linkage to the hospital discharge registry and the reimbursement register on diabetes medication expenses. Multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze associations. RESULTS During the average follow-up of 19.3 y, 417 men developed T2D. Those with higher estimated D5D activity (extreme-quartile HR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.74; P-trend < 0.001) and higher concentrations of total n-6 PUFAs (HR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.73; P-trend < 0.001), linoleic acid (LA; HR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.70; P-trend < 0.001), and arachidonic acid (AA; HR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.85; P-trend = 0.007) had a lower risk and those with higher concentrations of γ-linolenic acid (GLA; HR: 1.28; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.68; P = 0.021) and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA; HR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.84; P-trend = 0.005) and higher D6D activity had a higher (HR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.97; P-trend < 0.001) multivariate-adjusted risk of T2D. Zinc mainly modified the association with GLA on T2D risk, with a higher risk observed among those with serum zinc concentrations above the median (P-interaction = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Higher serum total n-6 PUFA, LA, and AA concentrations and estimated D5D activity were associated with a lower risk of incident T2D, and higher GLA and DGLA concentrations and estimated D6D activity were associated with a higher risk. In addition, a higher serum zinc concentration modified the association of GLA on the risk of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teymoor Yary
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; and
| | - Sari Voutilainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; and
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; and
| | - Anu Ruusunen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Nurmi
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; and
| | - Jyrki K Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; and
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