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Xian W, Asad M, Wu S, Bai Z, Li F, Lu J, Zu G, Brintnell E, Chen H, Mao Y, Zhou G, Liao B, Wu J, Wang E, You L. Distinct immune escape and microenvironment between RG-like and pri-OPC-like glioma revealed by single-cell RNA-seq analysis. Front Med 2024; 18:147-168. [PMID: 37955814 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The association of neurogenesis and gliogenesis with glioma remains unclear. By conducting single-cell RNA-seq analyses on 26 gliomas, we reported their classification into primitive oligodendrocyte precursor cell (pri-OPC)-like and radial glia (RG)-like tumors and validated it in a public cohort and TCGA glioma. The RG-like tumors exhibited wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase and tended to carry EGFR mutations, and the pri-OPC-like ones were prone to carrying TP53 mutations. Tumor subclones only in pri-OPC-like tumors showed substantially down-regulated MHC-I genes, suggesting their distinct immune evasion programs. Furthermore, the two subgroups appeared to extensively modulate glioma-infiltrating lymphocytes in distinct manners. Some specific genes not expressed in normal immune cells were found in glioma-infiltrating lymphocytes. For example, glial/glioma stem cell markers OLIG1/PTPRZ1 and B cell-specific receptors IGLC2/IGKC were expressed in pri-OPC-like and RG-like glioma-infiltrating lymphocytes, respectively. Their expression was positively correlated with those of immune checkpoint genes (e.g., LGALS33) and poor survivals as validated by the increased expression of LGALS3 upon IGKC overexpression in Jurkat cells. This finding indicated a potential inhibitory role in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and could provide a new way of cancer immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Xian
- Department of Human Anatomy & Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mohammad Asad
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shuai Wu
- Glioma Surgery Division, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhixin Bai
- Department of Human Anatomy & Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fengjiao Li
- Department of Human Anatomy & Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junfeng Lu
- Glioma Surgery Division, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Gaoyu Zu
- Department of Human Anatomy & Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Erin Brintnell
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Guomin Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy & Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Bo Liao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Glioma Surgery Division, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Edwin Wang
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Linya You
- Department of Human Anatomy & Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Chang SY, Huang CC, Fan YH, Wu PW, Lee TJ, Chang PH, Huang CC. Identifying the Risk Factors for Orbital Complications in Isolated Sphenoid Rhinosinusitis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:128. [PMID: 38256389 PMCID: PMC10818769 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Isolated sphenoid rhinosinusitis may have devastating consequences such as orbital complications due to its anatomical contiguity with vital structures. This study aimed to identify patients with isolated sphenoid inflammatory diseases at high risk for developing orbital complications and requiring aggressive management through investigation of the clinical and computed tomography (CT) characteristics of patients with isolated sphenoid rhinosinusitis. Materials and Methods: The medical records of patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery between 2005 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with isolated sphenoid rhinosinusitis were identified based on a manual review of the clinical and histopathological findings. Participants' clinical and CT features were reviewed. Results: Among the 118 patients with isolated sphenoid rhinosinusitis, 15 (12.7%) developed orbital complications, including diplopia, extraocular motility limitation, ptosis, and visual impairment. Headaches and facial pain occurred significantly more frequently in patients with orbital complications than in those without orbital complications (p < 0.001). Patients with diabetes mellitus or malignant neoplasms were more likely to develop orbital complications than those without these comorbidities (p < 0.05). Bony dehiscence on CT images was significantly more common in patients with orbital complications than in those without. In the regression analysis, diabetes mellitus (OR, 4.62), malignant neoplasm (OR, 4.32), and bony dehiscence (OR, 4.87) were significant predictors of orbital complications (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Headaches and facial pain are the most common symptoms of isolated sphenoid rhinosinusitis. Orbital complications of isolated sphenoid rhinosinusitis are more common in patients with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus or malignancy or in those with bony dehiscence on CT images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiaw-Yu Chang
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (S.-Y.C.); (C.-C.H.); (Y.-H.F.); (P.-W.W.); (T.-J.L.); (P.-H.C.)
| | - Chi-Che Huang
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (S.-Y.C.); (C.-C.H.); (Y.-H.F.); (P.-W.W.); (T.-J.L.); (P.-H.C.)
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsi Fan
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (S.-Y.C.); (C.-C.H.); (Y.-H.F.); (P.-W.W.); (T.-J.L.); (P.-H.C.)
| | - Pei-Wen Wu
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (S.-Y.C.); (C.-C.H.); (Y.-H.F.); (P.-W.W.); (T.-J.L.); (P.-H.C.)
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Jen Lee
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (S.-Y.C.); (C.-C.H.); (Y.-H.F.); (P.-W.W.); (T.-J.L.); (P.-H.C.)
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen 361028, China
| | - Po-Hung Chang
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (S.-Y.C.); (C.-C.H.); (Y.-H.F.); (P.-W.W.); (T.-J.L.); (P.-H.C.)
| | - Chien-Chia Huang
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (S.-Y.C.); (C.-C.H.); (Y.-H.F.); (P.-W.W.); (T.-J.L.); (P.-H.C.)
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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3
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Zhao X, Xie N, Zhang H, Zhou W, Ding J. Bacterial Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy: "Why" and "How". Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2214. [PMID: 37765183 PMCID: PMC10534357 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major diseases that endanger human health. However, the use of anticancer drugs is accompanied by a series of side effects. Suitable drug delivery systems can reduce the toxic side effects of drugs and enhance the bioavailability of drugs, among which targeted drug delivery systems are the main development direction of anticancer drug delivery systems. Bacteria is a novel drug delivery system that has shown great potential in cancer therapy because of its tumor-targeting, oncolytic, and immunomodulatory properties. In this review, we systematically describe the reasons why bacteria are suitable carriers of anticancer drugs and the mechanisms by which these advantages arise. Secondly, we outline strategies on how to load drugs onto bacterial carriers. These drug-loading strategies include surface modification and internal modification of bacteria. We focus on the drug-loading strategy because appropriate strategies play a key role in ensuring the stability of the delivery system and improving drug efficacy. Lastly, we also describe the current state of bacterial clinical trials and discuss current challenges. This review summarizes the advantages and various drug-loading strategies of bacteria for cancer therapy and will contribute to the development of bacterial drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcheng Zhao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China; (X.Z.); (N.X.); (H.Z.)
| | - Nuli Xie
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China; (X.Z.); (N.X.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China; (X.Z.); (N.X.); (H.Z.)
- Changsha Jingyi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha 410006, China
| | - Wenhu Zhou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China; (X.Z.); (N.X.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jinsong Ding
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China; (X.Z.); (N.X.); (H.Z.)
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Poursani EM, Mercatelli D, Raninga P, Bell JL, Saletta F, Kohane FV, Neumann DP, Zheng Y, Rouaen JRC, Jue TR, Michniewicz FT, Schadel P, Kasiou E, Tsoli M, Cirillo G, Waters S, Shai-Hee T, Cazzoli R, Brettle M, Slapetova I, Kasherman M, Whan R, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Vahdat L, Ziegler D, Lock JG, Giorgi FM, Khanna K, Vittorio O. Copper chelation suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inhibition of canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signaling pathways in cancer. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:132. [PMID: 37480151 PMCID: PMC10362738 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic cancer cells exploit Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) to enhance their migration, invasion, and resistance to treatments. Recent studies highlight that elevated levels of copper are implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. Clinical trials using copper chelators are associated with improved patient survival; however, the molecular mechanisms by which copper depletion inhibits tumor progression and metastasis are poorly understood. This remains a major hurdle to the clinical translation of copper chelators. Here, we propose that copper chelation inhibits metastasis by reducing TGF-β levels and EMT signaling. Given that many drugs targeting TGF-β have failed in clinical trials, partly because of severe side effects arising in patients, we hypothesized that copper chelation therapy might be a less toxic alternative to target the TGF-β/EMT axis. RESULTS Our cytokine array and RNA-seq data suggested a link between copper homeostasis, TGF-β and EMT process. To validate this hypothesis, we performed single-cell imaging, protein assays, and in vivo studies. Here, we used the copper chelating agent TEPA to block copper trafficking. Our in vivo study showed a reduction of TGF-β levels and metastasis to the lung in the TNBC mouse model. Mechanistically, TEPA significantly downregulated canonical (TGF-β/SMAD2&3) and non-canonical (TGF-β/PI3K/AKT, TGF-β/RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, and TGF-β/WNT/β-catenin) TGF-β signaling pathways. Additionally, EMT markers of MMP-9, MMP-14, Vimentin, β-catenin, ZEB1, and p-SMAD2 were downregulated, and EMT transcription factors of SNAI1, ZEB1, and p-SMAD2 accumulated in the cytoplasm after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that copper chelation therapy represents a potentially effective therapeutic approach for targeting TGF-β and inhibiting EMT in a diverse range of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh M Poursani
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniele Mercatelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Prahlad Raninga
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica L Bell
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Federica Saletta
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Felix V Kohane
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel P Neumann
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Ye Zheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jourdin R C Rouaen
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Toni Rose Jue
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Filip T Michniewicz
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Piper Schadel
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Erin Kasiou
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Tsoli
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Shafagh Waters
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tyler Shai-Hee
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Riccardo Cazzoli
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Merryn Brettle
- Katharina Gauss Light Microscopy Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Iveta Slapetova
- Katharina Gauss Light Microscopy Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Kasherman
- Katharina Gauss Light Microscopy Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Renee Whan
- Katharina Gauss Light Microscopy Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - David Ziegler
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - John G Lock
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Federico M Giorgi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - KumKum Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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5
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Kouidhi S, Zidi O, Belkhiria Z, Rais H, Ayadi A, Ben Ayed F, Mosbah A, Cherif A, El Gaaied ABA. Gut microbiota, an emergent target to shape the efficiency of cancer therapy. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:240-265. [PMID: 37205307 PMCID: PMC10185446 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well-acknowledged that microbiota has a profound influence on both human health and illness. The gut microbiota has recently come to light as a crucial element that influences cancer through a variety of mechanisms. The connections between the microbiome and cancer therapy are further highlighted by a number of preclinical and clinical evidence, suggesting that these complicated interactions may vary by cancer type, treatment, or even by tumor stage. The paradoxical relationship between gut microbiota and cancer therapies is that in some cancers, the gut microbiota may be necessary to maintain therapeutic efficacy, whereas, in other cancers, gut microbiota depletion significantly increases efficacy. Actually, mounting research has shown that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating the host immune response and boosting the efficacy of anticancer medications like chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Therefore, gut microbiota modulation, which aims to restore gut microbial balance, is a viable technique for cancer prevention and therapy given the expanding understanding of how the gut microbiome regulates treatment response and contributes to carcinogenesis. This review will provide an outline of the gut microbiota's role in health and disease, along with a summary of the most recent research on how it may influence the effectiveness of various anticancer medicines and affect the growth of cancer. This study will next cover the newly developed microbiota-targeting strategies including prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to enhance anticancer therapy effectiveness, given its significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Kouidhi
- Laboratory BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechnopole Sidi Thabet, University Manouba, ISBST, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
- Association Tunisienne de Lutte contre le Cancer (ATCC), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Oumaima Zidi
- Laboratory BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechnopole Sidi Thabet, University Manouba, ISBST, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
- Department of Biologu, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | | | - Henda Rais
- Association Tunisienne de Lutte contre le Cancer (ATCC), Tunis, Tunisia
- Service d’Oncologie Médicale, Hôpital Salah-Azaïz, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Aida Ayadi
- Department of Pathology, Abderrahman Mami Hospital, University of Tunis El Manar, Ariana 2080, Tunisia
| | - Farhat Ben Ayed
- Association Tunisienne de Lutte contre le Cancer (ATCC), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amor Mosbah
- Laboratory BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechnopole Sidi Thabet, University Manouba, ISBST, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Ameur Cherif
- Laboratory BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechnopole Sidi Thabet, University Manouba, ISBST, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Amel Ben Ammar El Gaaied
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
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Mehranzadeh E, Crende O, Badiola I, Garcia-Gallastegi P. What Are the Roles of Proprotein Convertases in the Immune Escape of Tumors? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123292. [PMID: 36552048 PMCID: PMC9776400 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein convertases (PCs) play a significant role in post-translational procedures by transforming inactive precursor proteins into their active forms. The role of PCs is crucial for cellular homeostasis because they are involved in cell signaling. They have also been described in many diseases such as Alzheimer's and cancer. Cancer cells are secretory cells that send signals to the tumor microenvironment (TME), remodeling the surrounding space for their own benefits. One of the most important components of the TME is the immune system of the tumor. In this review, we describe recent discoveries that link PCs to the immune escape of tumors. Among PCs, many findings have determined the role of Furin (PC3) as a paramount enzyme causing the TME to induce tumor immune evasion. The overexpression of various cytokines and proteins, for instance, IL10 and TGF-B, moves the TME towards the presence of Tregs and, consequently, immune tolerance. Furthermore, Furin is implicated in the regulation of macrophage activity that contributes to the increased impairment of DCs (dendritic cells) and T effector cells. Moreover, Furin interferes in the MHC Class_1 proteolytic cleavage in the trans-Golgi network. In tumors, the T cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) response is impeded by the PD1 receptor (PD1-R) located on CTLs and its ligand, PDL1, located on cancer cells. The inhibition of Furin is a subtle means of enhancing the antitumor response by repressing PD-1 expression in tumors or macrophage cells. The impacts of other PCs in tumor immune escape have not yet been clarified to the extent that Furin has. Accordingly, the influence of other types of PCs in tumor immune escape is a promising topic for further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Mehranzadeh
- Cell Biology and Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, sn., 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Olatz Crende
- Cell Biology and Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, sn., 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Iker Badiola
- Cell Biology and Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, sn., 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Nanokide Therapeutics SL, Ed. ZITEK, Barrio Sarriena, sn., 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Patricia Garcia-Gallastegi
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, sn., 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Correspondence:
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7
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Gaikwad S, Agrawal MY, Kaushik I, Ramachandran S, Srivastava SK. Immune checkpoint proteins: Signaling mechanisms and molecular interactions in cancer immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:137-150. [PMID: 35341913 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint proteins (ICP) are currently one of the most novel and promising areas of immune-oncology research. This novel way of targeting tumor cells has shown favorable success over the past few years with some FDA approvals such as Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab etc. Currently, more than 3000 clinical trials of immunotherapeutic agents are ongoing with majority being ICPs. However, as the number of trials increase so do the challenges. Some challenges such as adverse side effects, non-specific binding on healthy tissues and absence of response in some subset populations are critical obstacles. For a safe and effective further therapeutic development of molecules targeting ICPs, understanding their mechanism at molecular level is crucial. Since ICPs are mostly membrane bound receptors, a number of downstream signaling pathways divaricate following ligand-receptor binding. Most ICPs are expressed on more than one type of immune cell populations. Further, the expression varies within a cell type. This naturally varied expression pattern adds to the difficulty of targeting specific effector immune cell types against cancer. Hence, understanding the expression pattern and cellular mechanism helps lay out the possible effect of any immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the signaling mechanism, expression pattern among various immune cells and molecular interactions derived using interaction database analysis (BioGRID).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas Gaikwad
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Manas Yogendra Agrawal
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Itishree Kaushik
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Sharavan Ramachandran
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Sanjay K Srivastava
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA.
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8
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Gong M, Wang J, Gao W, Liu Q, Chen J, Wang G, Zhang Q. Establishment of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-related signature predicting outcomes of gastric adenocarcinoma patients. Front Genet 2022; 13:944105. [PMID: 36147499 PMCID: PMC9486073 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.944105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is a common clinical malignancy with a poor prognosis. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays important roles in the progression, immune filtration, and chemoresistance of cancers. However, whether ER stress-related gene signatures can predict the prognosis of GAC patients remains unknown. Methods: GAC patient RNA-seq data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and gastric cancer patient microarray data from Gene Expression Omnibus datasets were analyzed using LASSO regression to construct an ER stress-related signature. Survival analysis, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and Cox regression analysis were used to verify the efficacy of the signature. Immune infiltration, somatic mutation, immune checkpoint, and copy number variation analyses were utilized to explore the potential biological significance of the signature. Results: In the present study, eight ER stress-related gene signatures were constructed. Survival analysis showed that patients in the high-risk group had a significantly worse prognosis. The area under the time-dependent ROC curves was 0.65, 0.70, and 0.63 at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively, in the training cohort. Cox regression analysis showed that the signature is an independent prognostic factor. To predict GAC patients’ prognosis meeting individual needs, a nomogram was constructed with good accuracy. In addition, gene set enrichment and immune infiltration analyses showed that the ER stress-related signature is associated with cancer-related pathway activation and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in GAC. Conclusion: In the current study, we established an ER stress-related signature. This prognostic signature has good predictive power and could facilitate the development of novel strategies for the clinical treatment of GAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyuan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingtao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenfang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiaxing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guojun Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guojun Wang, ; Qi Zhang,
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guojun Wang, ; Qi Zhang,
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9
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COVID-19 vs. Cancer Immunosurveillance: A Game of Thrones within an Inflamed Microenviroment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174330. [PMID: 36077865 PMCID: PMC9455004 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic accounts for more than 500 million confirmed infections and over 6 million deaths worldwide in the last 2 years. SARS-CoV-2 causes a highly complex form of inflammation that affects the human organism both acutely and chronically. In the same line, cancer as an inflammation-induced and immune-editing disease appears to cross-react with immune system at different levels including early interactions during carcinogenesis and later cross-talks within the tumor microenvironment. With all that in mind, a reasonable question one might address is whether the SARS-CoV-2 infection and the derived "long lasting inflammatory status" that is frequently observed in patients, might affect the cancer immunosurveillance mechanisms and consequently their risk of developing cancer, as well as the tumor and immune cell behaviors within the inflamed microenvironment. On this context, this review intends to outline and discuss the existing knowledge on SARS-CoV-2-mediated immunomodulation under the prism of changes that might be able to interfere with cancer cell immunoescape and the overall tumor progression and response to conventional therapeutics. Our goal is to highlight a potential interplay between the COVID-19 immunopathology and cancer immune-microenvironment that may pave the way for thorough investigation in the future.
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10
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Piorecka K, Kurjata J, Stanczyk WA. Acriflavine, an Acridine Derivative for Biomedical Application: Current State of the Art. J Med Chem 2022; 65:11415-11432. [PMID: 36018000 PMCID: PMC9469206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Acriflavine (ACF) has been known for years as an antibacterial
drug. The identification of key oncogenic mechanisms has brought,
in recent years, a significant increase in studies on ACF as a multipurpose
drug that would improve the prognosis for cancer patients. ACF interferes
with the expression of the hypoxia inducible factor, thus acting on
metastatic niches of tumors and significantly enhancing the effects
of other anticancer therapies. It has been recognized as the most
potent HIF-1 inhibitor out of the 336 drugs approved by the FDA. This
work presents up-to-date knowledge about the mechanisms of action
of ACF and its related prodrug systems in the context of anticancer
and SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory properties. It explains the multitask nature
of this drug and suggests mechanisms of ACF’s action on the
coronavirus. Other recent reports on ACF-based systems as potential
antibacterial and antiviral drugs are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Piorecka
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences,Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jan Kurjata
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences,Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wlodzimierz A Stanczyk
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences,Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
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11
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Upregulation of B3GNT3 is associated with immune infiltration and activation of NF-κB pathway in gynecologic cancers. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 152:103658. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Antitumor Activity of Royal Jelly and Its Cellular Mechanisms against Ehrlich Solid Tumor in Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7233997. [PMID: 35528154 PMCID: PMC9071879 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7233997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present study was aimed at evaluating the antitumor effects of royal jelly (RJ) obtained from Apis mellifera compared with cyclophosphamide against the Ehrlich solid tumors (EST) in mice. Methods Tumor growth inhibition, body weight, the serum level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen tumor (CAE), liver and kidney enzymes, tumor lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase enzyme (CAT), and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity (SOD)), tumor necrosis factor alpha level (TNF-α), and the apoptosis-regulatory genes expression were assessed in EST mice treated with RJ (200 and 400 mg/kg orally once a day for 2 weeks). Results The results showed that treatment of EST-suffering mice with RJ at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg causes significant reduction in tumor volume and inhibition rate, body weight, tumor markers (AFP and CEA), serum level of liver and kidney, LPO and NO, TNF-α level, as well as the expression level of Bcl-2 in comparison with the EST mice receiving the normal saline; whereas RJ at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg/day significantly increased (p < 0.05) the level of antioxidant enzymes of GPx, CAT, and SOD and the expression level of caspase-3 and Bax genes. Conclusion The findings revealed that oral administration of royal jelly especially at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg exhibited promising antitumor effects against EST in mice through induction of apoptosis as well as its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which suggest it as a novel anticancer agent against tumor; however, additional surveys especially in clinical setting are necessary to approve these findings.
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13
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Wu Q, Tsai HI, Zhu H, Wang D. The Entanglement between Mitochondrial DNA and Tumor Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081862. [PMID: 35454769 PMCID: PMC9028275 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the main features of cancer cells. As genetic material in mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations and dysregulation of mitochondria-encoded genes have been shown to correlate with survival outcomes in cancer patients. Cancer metastasis is often a major cause of treatment failure, which is a multi-step cascade process. With the development of gene sequencing and in vivo modeling technology, the role of mtDNA in cancer metastasis has been continuously explored. Our review systematically provides a summary of the multiple roles of mtDNA in cancer metastasis and presents the broad prospects for mtDNA in cancer prediction and therapy. Abstract Mitochondrial DNA, the genetic material in mitochondria, encodes essential oxidative phosphorylation proteins and plays an important role in mitochondrial respiration and energy transfer. With the development of genome sequencing and the emergence of novel in vivo modeling techniques, the role of mtDNA in cancer biology is gaining more attention. Abnormalities of mtDNA result in not only mitochondrial dysfunction of the the cancer cells and malignant behaviors, but regulation of the tumor microenvironment, which becomes more aggressive. Here, we review the recent progress in the regulation of cancer metastasis using mtDNA and the underlying mechanisms, which may identify opportunities for finding novel cancer prediction and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
| | - Hsiang-i Tsai
- Laboratory of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
- Laboratory of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (D.W.); Tel.: +86-138-6139-0259 (D.W.)
| | - Dongqing Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (D.W.); Tel.: +86-138-6139-0259 (D.W.)
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14
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Hawlina S, Chowdhury HH, Smrkolj T, Zorec R. Dendritic cell-based vaccine prolongs survival and time to next therapy independently of the vaccine cell number. Biol Direct 2022; 17:5. [PMID: 35197090 PMCID: PMC8864901 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-022-00318-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2009, new EU legislation regulating advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs), consisting of gene therapy, tissue engineering and cell-based medicines, was introduced. Although less than 20 ATMPs were authorized since that time, the awarding of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2018 revived interest in developing new cancer immunotherapies involving significant manipulation of the patient's own immune cells, including lymphocytes and dendritic cells. The lymphocytes are mainly thought to directly affect tumour cells, dendritic cells are involved in indirect mechanisms by antigen presentation to other leukocytes orchestrating the immune response. It is the latter cells that are the focus of this brief review. Based on the recent results of our study treating patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with an immunohybridoma cell construct (termed aHyC), produced by electrofusion of autologous tumour and dendritic cells, we compare their effectiveness with a matched documented control group of patients. The results revealed that cancer-specific survival and the time to next in-line therapy (TTNT) were both significantly prolonged versus controls. When patients were observed for longer periods since the time of diagnosis of CRPC, 20% of patients had not yet progressed to the next in-line therapy even though the time under observation was ~ 80 months. Interestingly, analysis of survival of patients revealed that the effectiveness of treatment was independent of the number of cells in the vaccine used for treatment. It is concluded that autologous dendritic cell-based immunotherapy is a new possibility to treat not only CRPC but also other solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hawlina
- Clinical Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helena H Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Smrkolj
- Clinical Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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15
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Shokati Eshkiki Z, Khayer N, Talebi A, Karbalaei R, Akbari A. Novel insight into pancreatic adenocarcinoma pathogenesis using liquid association analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:30. [PMID: 35180880 PMCID: PMC8855560 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy associated with a poor prognosis. High-throughput disease-related-gene expression data provide valuable information on gene interaction, which consequently lead to deeper insight about pathogenesis. The co-expression analysis is a common approach that is used to investigate gene interaction. However, such an approach solely is inadequate to reveal the complexity of the gene interaction. The three-way interaction model is known as a novel approach applied to decode the complex relationship between genes. METHODS In the current study, the liquid association method was used to capture the statistically significant triplets involved in the PDAC pathogenesis. Subsequently, gene set enrichment and gene regulatory network analyses were performed to trace the biological relevance of the statistically significant triplets. RESULTS The results of the current study suggest that "response to estradiol" and "Regulation of T-cell proliferation" are two critical biological processes that may be associated with the PDAC pathogenesis. Additionally, we introduced six switch genes, namely Lamc2, Klk1, Nqo1, Aox1, Tspan1, and Cxcl12, which might be involved in PDAC triggering. CONCLUSION In the current study, for the first time, the critical genes and pathways involved in the PDAC pathogenesis were investigated using the three-way interaction approach. As a result, two critical biological processes, as well as six potential biomarkers, were suggested that might be involved in the PDAC triggering. Surprisingly, strong evidence for the biological relevance of our results can be found in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shokati Eshkiki
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nasibeh Khayer
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Atefeh Talebi
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Karbalaei
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Yu DL, Lou ZP, Ma FY, Najafi M. The interactions of paclitaxel with tumour microenvironment. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 105:108555. [PMID: 35121223 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Today, it is well-known that the interactions and secretion within the tumour are crucial to consider for cancer therapy. Some novel cancer therapy modalities such as immunotherapy or tumour vaccination therapy work based on the control of interactions within the tumour microenvironment (TME). It has been revealed that anti-cancer drugs or radiotherapy can modulate some interactions in favour of cancer therapy. However, they may induce some mechanisms to increase the resistance of cancer cells to therapy. Paclitaxel is known as the first approved herbal derived chemotherapy drug. Although the main known anti-cancer effect of paclitaxel is the inhibition of the cell cycle, today, it has been well known that paclitaxel may suppress the tumour via modulating several interactions in TME. Furthermore, paclitaxel may increase the expression of some tumour resistance drivers. This review aims to discuss the interactions within TME following treatment with paclitaxel. The effects of paclitaxel on the anti-tumour immunity, immunosuppressive cells, hypoxia, and also angiogenesis will be discussed. The targeting of these interactions may be interesting to increase therapy efficiency using the combination modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Li Yu
- Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, China.
| | - Zhi-Ping Lou
- Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, China
| | - Feng-Yun Ma
- Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, China
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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17
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Viswanath DI, Liu HC, Capuani S, Vander Pol RS, Saunders SZ, Chua CYX, Grattoni A. Engineered implantable vaccine platform for continuous antigen-specific immunomodulation. Biomaterials 2022; 281:121374. [PMID: 35066287 PMCID: PMC8865051 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines harness the host immune system to generate antigen-specific antitumor immunity for long-term tumor elimination with durable immunomodulation. Commonly investigated strategies reintroduce ex vivo autologous dendritic cells (DCs) but have limited clinical adoption due to difficulty in manufacturing, delivery and low clinical efficacy. To combat this, we designed the "NanoLymph", an implantable subcutaneous device for antigen-specific antitumor immunomodulation. The NanoLymph consists of a dual-reservoir platform for sustained release of immune stimulants via a nanoporous membrane and hydrogel-encapsulated antigens for local immune cell recruitment and activation, respectively. Here, we present the development and characterization of the NanoLymph as well as efficacy validation for immunomodulation in an immunocompetent murine model. Specifically, we established the NanoLymph biocompatibility and mechanical stability. Further, we demonstrated minimally invasive transcutaneous refilling of the drug reservoir in vivo for prolonging drug release duration. Importantly, our study demonstrated that local elution of two drugs (GMCSF and Resiquimod) generates an immune stimulatory microenvironment capable of local DC recruitment and activation and generation of antigen-specific T lymphocytes within 14 days. In summary, the NanoLymph approach can achieve in situ immunomodulation, presenting a viable strategy for therapeutic cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixita Ishani Viswanath
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan & Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hsuan-Chen Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Simone Capuani
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Shijingshan, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | | | | | | | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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18
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Familiar-Macedo D, Gama BE, Emmel VE, Vera-Lozada G, Abdelhay E, Martins IS, Hassan R. Molecular aspects of Chikungunya virus infections in cancer patients. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2022; 117:e210383. [PMID: 35475905 PMCID: PMC9037814 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760210383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arbovirus that can cause chronic and debilitating manifestations. The first autochthonous case in Rio de Janeiro state was diagnosed in 2015, and an outbreak was declared in 2016. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to evaluate CHIKV viral load in serum, plasma and urine in cancer patients to determine the best sample for diagnosis, as well as perform molecular characterisation and phylogenetic analysis of circulating strains. METHODS Paired serum, plasma and urine collected from 31 cancer patients were tested by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and a segment of the CHIKV E1 gene was sequenced. FINDINGS We detected 11 CHIKV+ oncological patients. Paired samples analyses of nine patients showed a different pattern of detection. Also, a higher viral load in plasma (6.84 log10) and serum (6.07 log10) vs urine (3.76 log10) was found. Phylogenetic analysis and molecular characterisation revealed East/Central/Southern Africa (ECSA) genotype circulation and three amino acids substitutions (E1-K211T, E1-M269V, E1-T288I) in positive patients. MAIN CONCLUSION The results indicate the bioequivalence of serum and plasma for CHIKV diagnosis, with urine being an important complement. ECSA genotype was circulating among patients in the period of the 2016 outbreak with K211T, M269V and T288I substitution.
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19
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Motofei IG. Nobel Prize for immune checkpoint inhibitors, understanding the immunological switching between immunosuppression and autoimmunity. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2021; 21:599-612. [PMID: 34937484 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2022.2020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a revolutionary form of immunotherapy in cancer. However, the percentage of patients responding to therapy is relatively low, while adverse effects occur in a large number of patients. In addition, the therapeutic mechanisms of ICIs are not yet completely described. AREAS COVERED The initial view (articles published in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, etc.) was that ICIs increase tumor-specific immunity. Recent data (collected from the same databases) suggest that the ICIs pharmacotherapy actually extends beyond the topic of immune reactivity, including additional immune pathways, such as disrupting immunosuppression and increasing tumor-specific autoimmunity. Unfortunately, there is no clear delimitation between these specific autoimmune reactions that are therapeutically beneficial, and nonspecific autoimmune reactions/toxicity that can be extremely severe side effects. EXPERT OPINION Immune checkpoint mechanisms perform a non-selective immune regulation, maintaining a dynamic balance between immunosuppression and autoimmunity. By blocking these mechanisms, ICIs actually perform an immunological reset, decreasing immunosuppression and increasing tumor-specific immunity and predisposition to autoimmunity. The predisposition to autoimmunity induces both side effects and beneficial autoimmunity. Consequently, further studies are necessary to maximize the beneficial tumor-specific autoimmunity, while reducing the counterproductive effect of associated autoimmune toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion G Motofei
- Department of Surgery/ Oncology, Carol Davila University, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Surgery/ Oncology, St. Pantelimon Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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20
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Eptaminitaki GC, Wolff N, Stellas D, Sifakis K, Baritaki S. Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Response and Resistance to Cancer Immunosurveillance and Immunotherapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123313. [PMID: 34943820 PMCID: PMC8699382 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulatory elements in cellular functions in states of both normalcy and disease, including cancer. LncRNAs can influence not only tumorigenesis but also cancer features such as metastasis, angiogenesis and resistance to chemo-and immune-mediated apoptotic signals. Several lncRNAs have been demonstrated to control directly or indirectly the number, type and activities of distinct immune cell populations of adaptive and innate immunities within and without the tumor microenvironment. The disruption of lncRNA expression in both cancer and immune cells may reflect alterations in tumor responses to cancer immunosurveillance and immunotherapy, thus providing new insights into lncRNA biomarker-based prognostic and therapeutic cancer assessment. Here we present an overview on lncRNAs’ functions and underlying molecular mechanisms related to cancer immunity and conventional immunotherapy, with the expectation that any elucidations may lead to a better understanding and management of cancer immune escape and response to current and future immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giasemi C. Eptaminitaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, GR-71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.C.E.); (N.W.); (K.S.)
| | - Nora Wolff
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, GR-71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.C.E.); (N.W.); (K.S.)
| | - Dimitris Stellas
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., GR-11635 Athens, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Sifakis
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, GR-71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.C.E.); (N.W.); (K.S.)
| | - Stavroula Baritaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, GR-71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.C.E.); (N.W.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2810-39-4727
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21
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Albalawi AE, Althobaiti NA, Alrdahe SS, Alhasani RH, Alaryani FS, BinMowyna MN. Anti-Tumor Effects of Queen Bee Acid (10-Hydroxy-2-Decenoic Acid) Alone and in Combination with Cyclophosphamide and Its Cellular Mechanisms against Ehrlich Solid Tumor in Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26227021. [PMID: 34834112 PMCID: PMC8617861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Queen bee acid or 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) is one of the main and unique lipid components (fatty acids) in royal jelly. Previous studies have demonstrated that 10-HDA has various pharmacological and biological activities. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of 10-HDA alone and combined with cyclophosphamide (CP), as an alkylating agent which widely used for the treatment of neoplastic cancers, against the Ehrlich solid tumors (EST) in mice. Methods: A total of 72 female Swiss albino mice were divided into eight groups. EST mice were treated with 10-HDA (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) alone and combined with CP (25 mg/kg) orally once a day for 2 weeks. Tumor growth inhibition, body weight, the serum level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen tumor (CAE), liver and kidney enzymes, tumor lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO), antioxidant enzymes (e.g. glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase enzyme (CAT)), tumor necrosis factor alpha level (TNF-α), and the apoptosis-regulatory genes expression were assessed in tested mice. Results: the findings exhibited that treatment of EST-suffering mice with 10-HDA at the doses of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg especially in combination with CP significantly (p < 0.001) decreased the tumor volume and inhibition rate, tumor markers (AFP and CEA), serum level of liver and kidney, LPO and NO, TNF-α level, as well as the expression level of Bcl-2 in comparison with the mice in the C2 group; while 10-HDA at the doses of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg especially in combination with CP significantly (p < 0.001) improved the level of antioxidant enzymes of GPx, CAT, and SOD and the expression level of caspase-3 and Bax genes. Conclusions: According to the results of the present investigations, 10-HDA at the doses of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg especially in combination with CP showed promising antitumor effects against EST in mice and can be recommended as a new or alternative anticancer agent against tumor; nevertheless, further investigations, particularly in clinical setting, are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishah E. Albalawi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Norah A. Althobaiti
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities-Al Quwaiiyah, Shaqra University, Al Quwaiiyah 19257, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Salma Saleh Alrdahe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Reem Hasaballah Alhasani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fatima S. Alaryani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia;
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Karmakar S, Pal P, Lal G. Key Activating and Inhibitory Ligands Involved in the Mobilization of Natural Killer Cells for Cancer Immunotherapies. Immunotargets Ther 2021; 10:387-407. [PMID: 34754837 PMCID: PMC8570289 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s306109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are the most potent arm of the innate immune system and play an important role in immunity, alloimmunity, autoimmunity, and cancer. NK cells recognize “altered-self” cells due to oncogenic transformation or stress due to viral infection and target to kill them. The effector functions of NK cells depend on the interaction of the activating and inhibitory receptors on their surface with their cognate ligand expressed on the target cells. These activating and inhibitory receptors interact with major histocompatibility complex I (MHC I) expressed on the target cells and make decisions to mount an immune response. NK cell immune response includes cytolytic activity and secretion of cytokines to help with the ongoing immune response. The advancement of our knowledge on the expression of inhibitory and activating molecules led us to exploit these molecules in the treatment of cancer. This review discusses the importance of activating and inhibitory receptors on NK cells and their clinical importance in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Karmakar
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, MH, 411007, India
| | - Pradipta Pal
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, MH, 411007, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, MH, 411007, India
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23
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Okazaki Y, Shibutani M, Wang EN, Nagahara H, Fukuoka T, Iseki Y, Kashiwagi S, Tanaka H, Maeda K, Hirakawa K, Ohira M. Prognostic Significance of the Immunological Indices in Patients Who Underwent Complete Resection of Pulmonary Metastases of Colorectal Cancer. In Vivo 2021; 35:1091-1100. [PMID: 33622906 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been reported as immunological prognostic factors for various cancers. We evaluated the association between the prognosis and the immunological status in patients who underwent complete resection of pulmonary metastases of colorectal cancer (CRC). PATIENTS AND METHODS We evaluated the associations between the NLR before the resection of pulmonary metastases and the relapse-free survival (RFS) or overall survival (OS), or between the density of TILs in the pulmonary metastasis and the RFS or OS. RESULTS The RFS and OS were significantly worse in the NLR-High group than in the NLR-Low group. The RFS was significantly longer in the CD3+TILs-High group than in the CD3+TILs-Low group. CONCLUSION The NLR and the density of TILs may have prognostic significance in patients who undergo complete resection of pulmonary metastases of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Okazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatsune Shibutani
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan;
| | - E N Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Nagahara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsunari Fukuoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Iseki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kashiwagi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosei Hirakawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Desai R, Coxon AT, Dunn GP. Therapeutic applications of the cancer immunoediting hypothesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 78:63-77. [PMID: 33711414 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the late 19th century, the immune system has increasingly garnered interest as a novel avenue for cancer therapy, particularly given scientific breakthroughs in recent decades delineating the fundamental role of the immune system in tumorigenesis. The immunoediting hypothesis has articulated this role, describing three phases of the tumor-immune system interaction: Elimination, Equilibrium, and Escape wherein tumors progress from active immunologic surveillance and destruction through dynamic immunologic stasis to unfettered growth. The primary goals of immunotherapy are to restrict and revert progression through these phases, thereby improving the immune system's ability to control tumor growth. In this review, we detail the development and foundation of the cancer immunoediting hypothesis and apply this hypothesis to the dynamic immunotherapy field that includes checkpoint blockade, vaccine therapy, and adoptive cell transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupen Desai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew T Coxon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gavin P Dunn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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25
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Zhao Y, Zheng W. Deciphering the antitumoral potential of the bioactive metabolites from medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113321. [PMID: 32877719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The crude extracts of the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus have been used as an effective traditional medicine to treat malicious tumors, gastritis, gastric ulcers, and other inflammatory conditions in Russia and most Baltic countries. AIM OF THIS REVIEW Deciphering the antitumoral potential of the bioactive metabolites from I. obliquus and addressing its possibility to be used as effective agents for tumor treatment, restoration of compromised immunity and protection of gastrointestinal damage caused by chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analysed the current achievements and dilemma in tumor chemo- or immunotherapy. In this context, we searched the published literatures on I. obliquus covering from 1990 to 2020, and summarized the activities of antitumor, antioxidation, and immunomodulation by the polysaccharides, triterpenoids, small phenolic compounds, and hispidin polyphenols. By comparing the merits and shortcomings of current and traditional methodology for tumor treatment, we further addressed feasibility for the use of I. obliquus as an effective natural drug for tumor treatment and prevention. RESULTS The diverse bioactive metabolites confer I. obliquus great potential to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. Its antitumor activities are achieved either through suppressing multiple oncogenic signals including but not limited to the activation of NF-κB and FAK, and the expression of RhoA/MMP-9 via ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The antitumor activities can also be achieved by inhibiting tyrosinase activity via PAK1-dependent signaling pathway or altering lysosomal membrane permeabilization through blocking tubulin polymerization and/or disturbing energy metabolism through LKB1/AMPK pathway. In addition, the metabolites from I. obliquus also harbour the potentials to reverse MDR either through selective inhibition on P-gp/ABCB1 or MRP1/ABCC1 proteins or the induction of G2/M checkpoint arrest in tumor cells of chemoresistant phenotypes mediated by Nox/ROS/NF-kB/STAT3 signaling pathway. In addition to the eminent effects in tumor inhibition, the metabolites in I. obliquus also exhibit immunomodulatory potential to restore the compromised immunity and protect against ulcerative damage of GI tract caused by chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS I. obliquus possesses the potential to reduce incidence of tumorigenesis in healthy people. For those whose complete remission has been achieved by chemotherapy, administration of the fungus will inhibit the activation of upstream oncogenic signals and thereby prevent metastasis; for those who are in the process of chemotherapy administration of the fungus will not only chemosensitize the tumor cells and thereby increasing the chemotherapeutic effects, but also help to restore the compromised immunity and protect against ulcerative GI tract damage and other side-effects induced by chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
| | - Weifa Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
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26
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Hayakawa T, Yaguchi T, Kawakami Y. Enhanced anti-tumor effects of the PD-1 blockade combined with a highly absorptive form of curcumin targeting STAT3. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:4326-4335. [PMID: 33006786 PMCID: PMC7734012 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PD‐1/PD‐L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors are promising cancer immunotherapies however responses are still limited and the development of more effective combination immunotherapy is needed. We previously reported that STAT3 activation in cancer cells and immune cells was involved in immune‐resistant mechanisms. In this study, we evaluated the effect of highly absorptive forms of curcumin extracts and synthetic curcumin on anti‐tumor T cell responses. The curcumin po administration resulted in the significant augmentation of in vivo induction of tumor antigen‐specific T cells through restoration of dendritic cells (DCs) by inhibiting directly STAT3 in DCs and indirectly via reduced IL‐6 production from STAT3 activated cancer cells in 2 syngeneic MC38 and CT26 murine tumor models. Curcumin also showed direct DC enhancing activity and enhanced T cell induction for the immunized antigens in non‐tumor‐bearing mice and human hosts. Curcumin restored DC functions in xenogeneic nude mouse model implanted with high IL‐6‐producing human clear cell ovarian cancer cells. The combination of curcumin and PD‐1/PD‐L1 Abs demonstrated a synergistic anti‐tumor activity in MC38 murine tumor models. These results indicated that curcumin augments the induction of tumor antigen‐specific T cells by restoring the T cell stimulatory activity of DCs targeting activated STAT3 in both cancer cells and immune cells. Combination immunotherapy with curcumin and PD‐1/PD‐L1 Ab is an attractive strategy in the development of effective immunotherapy against various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Hayakawa
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yaguchi
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
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27
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Infiltration of T cells promotes the metastasis of ovarian cancer cells via the modulation of metastasis-related genes and PD-L1 expression. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:2275-2289. [PMID: 32504248 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to its high ability to disseminate, ovarian cancer remains one of the largest threats to women's health, worldwide. Evidence showed that the immune cells infiltrating the tumor microenvironment are crucial in mediating metastasis. Therefore, it is necessary to understand which types of immune cells are involved in metastasis, and to determine the mechanisms by which they influence the process. By immunohistochemistry, we found that higher concentrations of intratumoral CD8+ T cells were found to be correlated with an advanced grade and stage of ovarian cancer. Additionally, the infiltration of stromal CD8+ T cells was also significantly higher in tissues with advanced stages and metastatic tumors. A positive correlation between the infiltration of FoxP3+ Treg cells and histological grade was also observed, regardless of location. PD-L1 expression in metastatic tumors was also higher than that in paired primary ovarian tumors. Transwell migration and invasion assays revealed the increased migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780CP and ES2) and ascites-derived ovarian cancer cells following co-culturing with CD8+ T cells. Enhanced expression of MMP-9, uPA, VEGF, bFGF, IL-8, IL-10, and PD-L1 by cancer cells following co-culturing with CD8+ T cells were also detected by qPCR, ELISA or flow cytometry. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the infiltrated T cells could promote the development of ovarian cancer, and provide another mechanism of immune evasion mediated by T cells.
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28
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Proteomic Profiling of Small Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells Implicated in Cellular Transformation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7713. [PMID: 32382024 PMCID: PMC7205864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles secreted from tumor cells are functional vehicles capable of contributing to intercellular communication and metastasis. A growing number of studies have focused on elucidating the role that tumor-derived extracellular vesicles play in spreading pancreatic cancer to other organs, due to the highly metastatic nature of the disease. We recently showed that small extracellular vesicles secreted from pancreatic cancer cells could initiate malignant transformation of healthy cells. Here, we analyzed the protein cargo contained within these vesicles using mass spectrometry-based proteomics to better understand their makeup and biological characteristics. Three different human pancreatic cancer cell lines were compared to normal pancreatic epithelial cells revealing distinct differences in protein cargo between cancer and normal vesicles. Vesicles from cancer cells contain an enrichment of proteins that function in the endosomal compartment of cells responsible for vesicle formation and secretion in addition to proteins that have been shown to contribute to oncogenic cell transformation. Conversely, vesicles from normal pancreatic cells were shown to be enriched for immune response proteins. Collectively, results contribute to what we know about the cargo contained within or excluded from cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles, supporting their role in biological processes including metastasis and cancer progression.
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29
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Ribatti D, Tamma R, Annese T. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer: A Historical Overview. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100773. [PMID: 32334405 PMCID: PMC7182759 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs), the acquisition of mesenchymal features from epithelial cells, occur during some biological processes and are classified into three types: the first type occurs during embryonic development, the second type is associated with adult tissue regeneration, and the third type occurs in cancer progression. EMT occurring during embryonic development in gastrulation, renal development, and the origin and fate of the neural crest is a highly regulated process, while EMT occurring during tumor progression is highly deregulated. EMT allows the solid tumors to become more malignant, increasing their invasiveness and metastatic activity. Secondary tumors frequently maintain the typical histologic characteristics of the primary tumor. These histologic features connecting the secondary metastatic tumors to the primary is due to a process called mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). MET has been demonstrated in different mesenchymal tumors and is the expression of the reversibility of EMT. EMT modulation could constitute an approach to avoid metastasis. Some of the targeted small molecules utilized as antiproliferative agents have revealed to inhibit EMT initiation or maintenance because EMT is regulated through signaling pathways for which these molecules have been designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Annese
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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30
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Aiello NM, Kang Y. Context-dependent EMT programs in cancer metastasis. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1016-1026. [PMID: 30975895 PMCID: PMC6504222 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental process whereby stationary, adherent cells acquire the ability to migrate. EMT is critical for dramatic cellular movements during embryogenesis; however, tumor cells can reactivate EMT programs, which increases their aggressiveness. In addition to motility, EMT is associated with enhanced stem cell properties and drug resistance; thus it can drive metastasis, tumor recurrence, and therapy resistance in the context of cancer. However, the precise requirements for EMT in metastasis have not been fully delineated, with different tumor types relying on discrete EMT effectors. Most tumor cells do not undergo a full EMT, but rather adopt some qualities of mesenchymal cells and maintain some epithelial characteristics. Emerging evidence suggests that partial EMT can drive distinct migratory properties and enhance the epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity of cancer cells as well as cell fate plasticity. This review discusses the diverse regulatory mechanisms and functional consequences of EMT, with an emphasis on the importance of partial EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Aiello
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
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31
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Sabbatini M, Zanellato I, Ravera M, Gabano E, Perin E, Rangone B, Osella D. Pt(IV) Bifunctional Prodrug Containing 2-(2-Propynyl)octanoato Axial Ligand: Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death on Colon Cancer. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3395-3406. [PMID: 30879295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and in vitro activity of a cyclohexane-1 R,2 R-diamine-based Pt(IV) derivative containing the histone deacetylase inhibitor rac-2-(2-propynyl)octanoato, namely, ( OC-6-44)-acetatodichlorido(cyclohexane-1 R,2 R-diamine)( rac-2-(2-propynyl)octanoato)platinum(IV), are reported together with those of its isomers containing enantiomerically enriched axial ligands. These Pt(IV) complexes showed comparable activity, of 2 orders of magnitude higher than reference drug oxaliplatin on three human (HCT 116, SW480, and HT-29) and one mouse (CT26) colon cancer cell lines. In vivo experiments were carried out on immunocompetent BALB/c mice bearing the same syngeneic tumor. The complex ( OC-6-44)-acetatodichlorido(cyclohexane-1 R,2 R-diamine)( rac-2-(2-propynyl)octanoato)platinum(IV) showed higher tumor mass Pt accumulation than oxaliplatin, due to its higher lipophilicity, with negligible nephro- and hepatotoxicities when administered intravenously. A remarkable tumor mass invasion by cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes, following the Pt(IV) treatment, indicated a strong induction of immunogenic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Sabbatini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica , Università del Piemonte Orientale , Viale Michel 11 , 15121 Alessandria , Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanellato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica , Università del Piemonte Orientale , Viale Michel 11 , 15121 Alessandria , Italy
| | - Mauro Ravera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica , Università del Piemonte Orientale , Viale Michel 11 , 15121 Alessandria , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gabano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica , Università del Piemonte Orientale , Viale Michel 11 , 15121 Alessandria , Italy
| | - Elena Perin
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica , Università del Piemonte Orientale , Viale Michel 11 , 15121 Alessandria , Italy
| | - Beatrice Rangone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica , Università del Piemonte Orientale , Viale Michel 11 , 15121 Alessandria , Italy
| | - Domenico Osella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica , Università del Piemonte Orientale , Viale Michel 11 , 15121 Alessandria , Italy
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32
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Interactions between cancer stem cells, immune system and some environmental components: Friends or foes? Immunol Lett 2019; 208:19-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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33
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Chitosan-based nanoparticles: An overview of biomedical applications and its preparation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dimitriou N, Felekouras E, Karavokyros I, Alexandrou A, Pikoulis E, Griniatsos J. Neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio as a useful prognosticator for stage II colorectal cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1202. [PMID: 30509242 PMCID: PMC6278137 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is expected to increase by 80% in year 2035. Even though advantages in treatment of CRC have being made over the last decades, the outcome remains poor. Recently, several inflammatory markers including pretreatment neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), have being used as prognostic factors, since host inflammatory response to cancer is believed to determine disease progression. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic significance of pretreatment NLR, in terms of overall survival (OS), 5-year survival, disease-free survival (DFS) and recurrence, in CRC patients who underwent curative resection. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 296 patients, who were submitted to elective surgery as first therapeutic option in curative intent, between January 2010 and December 2015. Pretreatment NLR, as well as demographics, clinical, histopathologic, and laboratory data were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify prognostic factors associated with OS, 5-year survival, DFS and recurrence. Results The cutoff point of NLR was calculated with Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test to 4.7. Univariate and multivariate analyses disclosed elevated NLR as a significant dismal prognostic factor for DFS (HR 1.88; 95% CI 1.01–3.52; p = 0.048), 5-year survival (HR 2.14; 95% CI 1.12–4.10; p = 0.021) and OS (HR 2.11; 95% CI 1.11–4.03; p = 0.023). In a subgroup analysis, in patients with stage II CRC, NLR > 4.7 was a stronger poor predictor for DFS (HR 2.76; 95% CI 1.07–7.13; p = 0.036), 5-year survival (HR 3.84; 95% CI 1.39–10.63; p = 0.01) and OS (HR 3.62; 95% CI 1.33–4.82; p = 0.012). After adjusting stage for gender, age, location of the primary tumor, differentiation, as well as the presence of perineural, vascular, and lymphovascular invasion, the significance of NLR > 4.7 became more prominent for DFS (HR 2.85; 95% CI 1.21–6.73; p = 0.0176), 5-year survival (HR 4.06; 95% CI 1.66–9.93; p = 0.002) and OS (HR 4.07; 95% CI 1.69–9.91; p = 0.002) in stage II patients. Conclusion Pretreatment NLR > 4.7 is a poor prognostic factor for DFS, 5-year survival and OS in CRC patients undergoing curative resection. The dismal prognostic effect of NRL is magnified in Stage II CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Dimitriou
- Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Laiko Hospital, Agiou Thoma 17 str, GR 115-27, Athens, Greece.
| | - Evangelos Felekouras
- Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Laiko Hospital, Agiou Thoma 17 str, GR 115-27, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Karavokyros
- Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Laiko Hospital, Agiou Thoma 17 str, GR 115-27, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Alexandrou
- Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Laiko Hospital, Agiou Thoma 17 str, GR 115-27, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Pikoulis
- Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Laiko Hospital, Agiou Thoma 17 str, GR 115-27, Athens, Greece
| | - John Griniatsos
- Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Laiko Hospital, Agiou Thoma 17 str, GR 115-27, Athens, Greece
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Choi J, Beaino W, Fecek RJ, Fabian KPL, Laymon CM, Kurland BF, Storkus WJ, Anderson CJ. Combined VLA-4-Targeted Radionuclide Therapy and Immunotherapy in a Mouse Model of Melanoma. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1843-1849. [PMID: 29959213 PMCID: PMC6278902 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.209510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Very late antigen-4 (VLA-4; also known as integrin α4β1) is expressed at high levels in aggressive and metastatic melanoma tumors and may provide an ideal target for imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). 177Lu-DOTA-PEG4-LLP2A (177Lu-LLP2A) is a TRT that shows high affinity for VLA-4 and high uptake in B16F10 mouse melanoma tumors in vivo. Here, we report efficacy studies of 177Lu-LLP2A, alone and combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies), in B16F10 tumor-bearing mice. Methods: Tumor cells (1 × 106) were implanted subcutaneously in C57BL/6 mice. After 8-10 d, the mice were randomized into 8 groups. 177Lu-LLP2A was injected intravenously on day 8 or 9 (single dose), and ICI antibodies were administered intraperitoneally in 3 doses. Tumor growth was monitored over time via calipers. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining for apoptosis was performed on fixed tumors. In a separate study, Cy3-LLP2A or Cy3-scrambled LLP2A was injected in tumor-bearing mice, and tumors were collected 4 h after injection and then analyzed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy using different immune cell markers. Results: TRT alone showed efficacy comparable to the dual-ICI anti-PD-1 + anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-L1 + anti-CTLA-4, whereas TRT + ICIs significantly enhanced survival. TUNEL staining showed that the highest levels of apoptosis were in the TRT + ICI groups. In addition to targeting tumor cells, TRT also bound immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Flow cytometry data showed that the tumors consisted of about 77% tumor cells and fibroblasts (CD45-negative/CD49d-positive) and about 23% immune cells (CD45-positive/CD49d-positive) and that immune cells expressed higher levels of VLA-4. Cy3-LLP2A and CD49d colocalized with macrophages (CD68), T cells (CD8, CD4), and B cells (CD19). Immunohistochemical analysis identified a significant colocalization of Cy3-LLP2A and CD68. Conclusion: Combination treatment with TRT + ICIs targets both tumor cells and immune cells and has potential as a therapeutic agent in patients with metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyeon Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wissam Beaino
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J Fecek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kellsye P L Fabian
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles M Laymon
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brenda F Kurland
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Walter J Storkus
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carolyn J Anderson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Shih T, Blacklow SO, Li AW, Freedman BR, Bencherif S, Koshy ST, Darnell MC, Mooney DJ. Injectable, Tough Alginate Cryogels as Cancer Vaccines. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701469. [PMID: 29441705 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A covalently crosslinked methacrylated (MA)-alginate cryogel vaccine has been previously shown to generate a potent response against murine melanoma, but is not mechanically robust and requires a large 16G needle for delivery. Here, covalent and ionic crosslinking of cryogels are combined with the hypothesis that this will result in a tough MA-alginate cryogel with improved injectability. All tough cryogels can be injected through a smaller, 18G needle without sustaining any damage, while covalently crosslinked-only cryogels break after injection. Cytosine-phosphodiester-guanine (CpG)-delivering tough cryogels effectively activate dendritic cells (DCs). Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor releasing tough cryogels recruit four times more DCs than blank gels by day 7 in vivo. The tough cryogel vaccine induces strong antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and humoral responses. These vaccines prevent tumor formation in 80% of mice inoculated with HER2/neu-overexpressing DD breast cancer cells. The MA-alginate tough cryogels provide a promising minimally invasive delivery platform for cancer vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting‐Yu Shih
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Serena O. Blacklow
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Aileen W. Li
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Benjamin R. Freedman
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Sidi Bencherif
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University Boston MA 02115 USA
- Laboratory of Biomechanics & Bioengineering (BMBI) UMR CNRS 7388 Sorbonne University University of Technology of Compiègne (UTC) 60200 Compiègne France
- Department of Chemical Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Sandeep T. Koshy
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University Boston MA 02115 USA
- Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Max C. Darnell
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - David J. Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University Boston MA 02115 USA
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Asano Y, Kashiwagi S, Goto W, Takada K, Takahashi K, Morisaki T, Fujita H, Takashima T, Tomita S, Ohsawa M, Hirakawa K, Ohira M. Prediction of treatment responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer by analysis of immune checkpoint protein expression. J Transl Med 2018; 16:87. [PMID: 29615063 PMCID: PMC5883348 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1458-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background “Avoiding immune destruction” has recently been established as one of the hallmarks of cancer. The programmed cell death (PD)-1/programmed cell death-ligand (PD-L) 1 pathway is an important immunosuppression mechanism that allows cancer cells to escape host immunity. The present study investigated how the expressions of these immune checkpoint proteins affected responses to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer. Methods A total of 177 patients with resectable early-stage breast cancer were treated with NAC. Estrogen receptor, progesteron receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, Ki67, PD-L1, PDL-2 and PD-1 status were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results There were 37 (20.9%) patients with high PD-1 expression, 42 (23.7%) patients had high PD-L1 expression, and 52 (29.4%) patients had high PD-L2 expression. The patients with high PD-1 and PD-L1 expressions had a significantly higher rate of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (p = 0.041) (p < 0.001). In TNBC, patients with high PD-1 and PD-L1 expressions had significantly higher rates of non-pCR (p = 0.003) (p < 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that PD-1 and PD-L1 expressions also significantly shortened disease free survival in TNBC (p = 0.048, HR = 3.318) (p = 0.007, HR = 8.375). However, multivariate analysis found that only PD-L1 expression was an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.041, HR = 9.479). Conclusions PD-1 and PD-L1 expressions may be useful as biomarkers to predict treatment responses to NAC in breast cancer. Above all, PD-L1 expression may also be useful as biomarkers for more effective chemotherapy in TNBC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1458-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Asano
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kashiwagi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Wataru Goto
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Koji Takada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tamami Morisaki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Fujita
- Department of Scientific and Linguistic Fundamentals of Nursing, Osaka City University Graduate School of Nursing, 1-5-17 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-0051, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takashima
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tomita
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ohsawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kosei Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
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Matsutani S, Shibutani M, Maeda K, Nagahara H, Fukuoka T, Nakao S, Hirakawa K, Ohira M. Significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes before and after neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:966-979. [PMID: 29464828 PMCID: PMC5891199 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer is becoming increasingly common. However, biomarkers predicting the response to neoadjuvant therapy have not been established. Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have a crucial effect on tumor progression and survival outcome as the primary host immune response, and an antitumor immune effect has been reported to contribute to the response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. We investigated the significance of TILs before and after neoadjuvant treatment and the change in the density of those TILs. Sixty‐four patients who underwent radical resection after neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer were enrolled. The number of TIL subsets was examined using immunohistochemical staining of pretreatment biopsy samples and post‐treatment resected specimens. In both the neoadjuvant chemotherapy cohort and the neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy cohort, a low density of CD8+TILs in pretreatment biopsy samples was associated with a poor response, and a low density of CD8+TILs in post‐treatment resected specimens was similarly associated with a poor response. In the neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy cohort, the density of CD8+TILs in post‐treatment resected specimens was significantly increased compared with that in pretreatment biopsy samples. We concluded that T lymphocyte‐mediated immune reactions play an important role in tumor response to neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer, and the evaluation of TILs in pretreatment biopsy samples might be a predictor of the clinical effectiveness of neoadjuvant treatment. Furthermore, neoadjuvant therapy, especially chemoradiotherapy, could induce the activation of the local immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Matsutani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatsune Shibutani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Maeda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Nagahara
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsunari Fukuoka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigetomi Nakao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosei Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Oncolytic adenovirus coexpressing interleukin-12 and decorin overcomes Treg-mediated immunosuppression inducing potent antitumor effects in a weakly immunogenic tumor model. Oncotarget 2018; 8:4730-4746. [PMID: 28002796 PMCID: PMC5354867 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-12 is a potent antitumor cytokine. However, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments containing transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) attenuate cytokine-mediated antitumor immune responses. To enhance the efficacy of IL-12-mediated cancer immunotherapy, decorin (DCN) was explored as an adjuvant for overcoming TGF-β-mediated immunosuppression. We designed and generated a novel oncolytic adenovirus (Ad) coexpressing IL-12 and DCN (RdB/IL12/DCN). RdB/IL12/DCN-treated tumors showed significantly greater levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and IFN-γ-secreting immune cells than tumors treated with cognate control oncolytic Ad expressing a single therapeutic gene (RdB/DCN or RdB/IL12). Moreover, RdB/IL12/DCN attenuated intratumoral TGF-β expression, which positively correlated with reduction of Treg cells in draining lymph nodes and tumor tissues. Furthermore, tumor tissue treated with RdB/IL12/DCN showed increases infiltration of CD8+ T cells and proficient viral spreading within tumor tissues. These results demonstrated that an oncolytic Ad co-expressing IL-12 and DCN induces a potent antitumor immune response via restoration of antitumor immune function in a weakly immunogenic murine 4T1 orthotopic breast cancer model. These findings provide new insights into the therapeutic mechanisms of IL-12 plus DCN, making it a promising cancer immunotherapeutic agent for overcoming tumor-induced immunosuppression.
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40
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Niccolai E, Ricci F, Russo E, Nannini G, Emmi G, Taddei A, Ringressi MN, Melli F, Miloeva M, Cianchi F, Bechi P, Prisco D, Amedei A. The Different Functional Distribution of "Not Effector" T Cells (Treg/Tnull) in Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1900. [PMID: 29375559 PMCID: PMC5770731 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, ranking as high as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in industrialized countries. Consistent with immunosurveillance theory, the immune system is crucial to protect the host from developing tumors, and the major players in tumoral immunity are effector T cells. Anyway, cancer cells develop strategies of immunoevasion influencing the cancer-specific lymphocyte priming, activation, and effector function. Therefore, the T cell subsets that mature during the stages of tumor growth, differently contribute to disease progression and/or regression. In our study, we analyzed the intra-tumoral and peripheral T cell subsets’ distribution in 30 patients with CRC, in order to clarify their functional role toward cancer. We found that percentage of infiltrating effector T cells decreased in cancer tissue than in healthy mucosa and that the tumor microenvironment negatively influences the cytolytic activity of T lymphocytes reactive to cancer cells. Moreover, we found that the tumor tissue was infiltrated by a large amount of “not effector” T (neT) cells with a regulatory or an anergic profile, which are unable to kill cancer cells, may be contributing to the CRC promotion. The presence of neT cells was investigated also in the peripheral blood of CRC patients, demonstrating that the peripheral T regulatory cells can inhibit the proliferation of effector T cells, confirming their immunosuppressive properties. Finally, monitoring the changes in circulating neT cells’ frequencies after the tumor removal, we confirmed the role of cancer in the modulation of immune system, in particular, in supporting a Tregs-mediated immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Niccolai
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Ricci
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Edda Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Nannini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giacomo Emmi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Taddei
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Melli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Manouela Miloeva
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Cianchi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Bechi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Domenico Prisco
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Abstract
The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, an important modulator of progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation, is highly regulated for the maintenance of critical biological homeostasis. Decades of studies in cancer genetics and genomics have demonstrated that multiple genes encoding key proteins in this signaling pathway serve as targets for recurrent mutational alterations. Among these proteins, β-catenin and adenomatosis polyposis coli (APC) are two key nodes. β-catenin contributes in transporting extracellular signals for nuclear programming. Mutations of the CTNNB1 gene that encodes β-catenin occur in a wide spectrum of cancers. These mutations alter the spatial characteristics of the β-catenin protein, leading to drastic reprogramming of the nuclear transcriptional network. Among the outcomes of this reprogramming are increased cell proliferation, enhanced immunosuppression, and disruption of metabolic regulation. Herein we review the current understanding of CTNNB1 mutations, their roles in tumorigenesis and discuss their possible therapeutic implications for cancer.
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42
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Aggelopoulou E, Evangelatos G, Tzavida K, Koulouri V, Lazaridis N. Acquired Hemophilia and Anti-Hu Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndrome in Small Cell Lung Cancer. Am J Med Sci 2017; 354:438-439. [PMID: 29078851 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Efi Aggelopoulou
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, 417 Army Share Fund Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Konstantina Tzavida
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, 417 Army Share Fund Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Koulouri
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, 417 Army Share Fund Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Lazaridis
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, 417 Army Share Fund Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Janssen LME, Ramsay EE, Logsdon CD, Overwijk WW. The immune system in cancer metastasis: friend or foe? J Immunother Cancer 2017; 5:79. [PMID: 29037250 PMCID: PMC5644253 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-017-0283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic disease is the leading cause of death among cancer patients and involves a complex and inefficient process. Every step of the metastatic process can be rate limiting and is influenced by non-malignant host cells interacting with the tumor cell. Over a century ago, experiments first indicated a link between the immune system and metastasis. This phenomenon, called concomitant immunity, indicates that the primary tumor induces an immune response, which may not be sufficient to destroy the primary tumor, but prevents the growth of a secondary tumor or metastases. Since that time, many different immune cells have been shown to play a role in both inhibiting and promoting metastatic disease. Here we review classic and new observations, describing the links between the immune system and metastasis that inform the development of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M E Janssen
- Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emma E Ramsay
- Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Craig D Logsdon
- Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Willem W Overwijk
- Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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44
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Balch C, Ramapuram JB, Tiwari AK. The Epigenomics of Embryonic Pathway Signaling in Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:267. [PMID: 28579957 PMCID: PMC5437112 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-leading cause of cancer death in developed countries. While early detection (e.g., colonoscopy) generally yields excellent outcomes, metastatic and drug-resistant disease is uniformly fatal, and non-compliance for screening remains over 25%. Familial CRCs (10% of total cases) primarily include mutations in the gene APC. Somatic disease is linked to several environmental several risk factors, including mutations in WNT, KRAS, and TGFβ. To reflect the genesis/progression of CRC, a series of five discrete stages, from normal colon mucosa to fully invasive carcinoma, each regulated by specific “gatekeeper” genes, remains well-accepted after 20 years. However, many CRC tumors do not possess those particular mutations, suggesting alternative mechanisms. More recently, embryo-like “cancer stem cells” have been proposed to undergo self-renewal and drive tumorigenesis (and possibly, metastasis), as governed by specific “epigenomic” alterations. Here, we review recent literature describing possible mechanisms that underlie these phenotypes, including cancer “stemness,” believed by many to associate with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We further propose that the maintenance of undifferentiated phenotypes, by the activity of distinct transcription factors, facilitates chromatin remodeling and phenotypic plasticity. With that regard, we support recent assertions that EMT is not an “either/or” event, but rather a continuous spectrum of mesenchymal vs. epithelial phenotypes (in various degrees of aberrant differentiation/undifferentiation). Finally, we discuss possible methods of pharmacologically targeting such aberrant epigenomes, with regard to their possible relevance toward halting, or even reversing, colorectal cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt Balch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Toledo, ToledoOH, USA.,Bioscience Advising, YpsilantiMI, USA.,Complex Biological Systems Alliance, North AndoverMA, USA
| | - Jayaram B Ramapuram
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, AuburnAL, USA
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Toledo, ToledoOH, USA
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45
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Ma C, Horlad H, Pan C, Yano H, Ohnishi K, Fujiwara Y, Matsuoka M, Lee A, Niidome T, Yamanaka R, Takeya M, Komohara Y. Stat3 inhibitor abrogates the expression of PD-1 ligands on lymphoma cell lines. J Clin Exp Hematop 2017; 57:21-25. [PMID: 28496056 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.17006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated the significance of immune checkpoint molecules including programmed death-1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4, and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule-3 for anti-tumor immune responses. We previously investigated PD-1 ligand 1/2 (PD-L1/2) expression in lymphoma cell lines, and found that PD-L1/2 is expressed on the adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL-T) and B-cell lymphoma (SLVL) cell lines. In the present study, we investigated whether the Stat3 inhibitor WP1066 abrogated PD-L1/2 expression in lymphoma cell lines. Incubation with WP1066 inhibited lymphoma cell growth and induced cell apoptosis. PD-L1/2 expression in the ATL-T, SLVL, and human brain malignant lymphoma (HKBML) cell lines was significantly abrogated by WP1066 treatment. These data indicated that a Stat3 inhibitor abrogated PD-L1/2 expression in lymphoma cells. Such an inhibitor is therefore considered to be useful for additional immunotherapy in patients with advanced lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoya Ma
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Hasita Horlad
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Cheng Pan
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Hiromu Yano
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Koji Ohnishi
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University.,Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University
| | - Aeju Lee
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University.,Magnesium Research Center, Kumamoto University
| | - Takuro Niidome
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University
| | - Ryuya Yamanaka
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School for Health Care Science
| | - Motohiro Takeya
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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46
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Changes in regulatory T cells in patients with ovarian cancer undergoing surgery: Preliminary results. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 47:244-250. [PMID: 28437737 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) suppress immune responses in patients with cancer. Surgery is the most effective therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer (OC). However, the interplay between the Treg population and surgical resection remains unclear. 61 patients with OC who received no prior treatment were enrolled in the study. Treg percentages were characterized from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We investigated CD4+CD25+, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+, CD8+CD28-, and CD8+Foxp3+ Tregs in OC patients and their postoperative changes using flow cytometry. Treg percentages were significantly higher in OC patients than those in benign ovarian tumors (BOT) and healthy controls. Higher percentages of Tregs were found in patients with stage III/IV than stage I/II OC. Treg percentages were significantly decreased postoperatively. The postoperative Treg percentages in patients with stage I/II OC were similar to those in BOT patients, while postoperative Treg percentages in patients with stage III/IV OC remained higher. Tregs were markedly lower on postoperative day (POD) 3 than preoperatively. They increased slightly after 7days, but remained lower than preoperative levels. These data suggested that Tregs continued to decline from POD 7 to POD 30. Treg percentages are correlated with the tumor burden and could be a key factor in monitoring the immunological status of patients with OC.
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47
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CD47 expression for in situ and invasive cutaneous epithelial lesions. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 75:434-6. [PMID: 27444075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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Asano Y, Kashiwagi S, Goto W, Kurata K, Noda S, Takashima T, Onoda N, Tanaka S, Ohsawa M, Hirakawa K. Tumour-infiltrating CD8 to FOXP3 lymphocyte ratio in predicting treatment responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy of aggressive breast cancer. Br J Surg 2016; 103:845-54. [PMID: 26953091 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be used to monitor the immune response, and are important in predicting treatment responses and outcomes for various types of cancer. Recently, specific TIL subsets have been reported to be clinically useful in predicting treatment responses. The CD8+/FOXP3+ TIL ratio (CFR) may be a more sensitive indicator for monitoring immune function. This study investigated the clinical significance and value of CFR as a biomarker to predict treatment responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. METHODS Patients with resectable early-stage breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy at Osaka City University Hospital, Japan, between 2007 and 2013 were included. Oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 2, Ki-67, CD8 and FOXP3 status were assessed by immunohistochemistry, and correlated with pathological complete response (pCR). RESULTS A total of 177 patients were included, of whom 90 had a high CFR and 87 a low CFR. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) was more common in the high-CFR group than in the low-CFR group (46 versus 23 per cent; P = 0·002), as was HER2-enriched breast cancer (HER2BC) (27 versus 14 per cent; P = 0·033). Among these patients, the pCR rate was significantly higher in the high-CFR group than in the low-CFR group (TNBC: P = 0·022; HER2BC: P < 0·001). In multivariable analysis high-CFR status was an independent predictor of a favourable prognosis: hazard ratio 0·24 (95 per cent c.i. 0·05 to 0·72; P = 0·015) for TNBC and 0·10 (0·10 to 0·90; P = 0·041) for HER2BC. CONCLUSION The CFR may be a useful biomarker to predict treatment response to neoadjuvant therapy in aggressive breast cancer subtypes, such as TNBC and HER2BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Asano
- Departments of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Kashiwagi
- Departments of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - W Goto
- Departments of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Kurata
- Departments of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Noda
- Departments of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Takashima
- Departments of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - N Onoda
- Departments of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Tanaka
- Departments of Diagnostic Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Ohsawa
- Departments of Diagnostic Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Hirakawa
- Departments of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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49
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Liu Y, Cao X. Immunosuppressive cells in tumor immune escape and metastasis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 94:509-22. [PMID: 26689709 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tumor immune escape and the initiation of metastasis are critical steps in malignant progression of tumors and have been implicated in the failure of some clinical cancer immunotherapy. Tumors develop numerous strategies to escape immune surveillance or metastasize: Tumors not only modulate the recruitment and expansion of immunosuppressive cell populations to develop the tumor microenvironment or pre-metastatic niche but also switch the phenotype and function of normal immune cells from a potentially tumor-reactive state to a tumor-promoting state. Immunosuppressive cells facilitate tumor immune escape by inhibiting antitumor immune responses and furthermore promote tumor metastasis by inducing immunosuppression, promoting tumor cell invasion and intravasation, establishing a pre-metastatic niche, facilitating epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and inducing angiogenesis at primary tumor or metastatic sites. Numerous translational studies indicate that it is possible to inhibit tumor immune escape and prevent tumor metastasis by blocking immunosuppressive cells and eliminating immunosuppressive mechanisms that are induced by either immunosuppressive cells or tumor cells. Furthermore, many clinical trials targeting immunosuppressive cells have also achieved good outcome. In this review, we focus on the underlying mechanisms of immunosuppressive cells in promoting tumor immune escape and metastasis, discuss our current understanding of the interactions between immunosuppressive cells and tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment, and suggest future research directions as well as potential clinical strategies in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.
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50
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Galore-Haskel G, Nemlich Y, Greenberg E, Ashkenazi S, Hakim M, Itzhaki O, Shoshani N, Shapira-Fromer R, Ben-Ami E, Ofek E, Anafi L, Besser MJ, Schachter J, Markel G. A novel immune resistance mechanism of melanoma cells controlled by the ADAR1 enzyme. Oncotarget 2015; 6:28999-9015. [PMID: 26338962 PMCID: PMC4745707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The blossom of immunotherapy in melanoma highlights the need to delineate mechanisms of immune resistance. Recently, we have demonstrated that the RNA editing protein, adenosine deaminase acting on RNA-1 (ADAR1) is down-regulated during metastatic transition of melanoma, which enhances melanoma cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. Here we investigate the role of ADAR1 in melanoma immune resistance.Importantly, knockdown of ADAR1 in human melanoma cells induces resistance to tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in a cell contact-dependent mechanism. We show that ADAR1, in an editing-independent manner, regulates the biogenesis of miR-222 at the transcription level and thereby Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM1) expression, which consequently affects melanoma immune resistance. ADAR1 thus has a novel, pivotal, role in cancer immune resistance. Corroborating with these results, the expression of miR-222 in melanoma tissue specimens was significantly higher in patients who had no clinical benefit from treatment with ipilimumab as compared to patients that responded clinically, suggesting that miR-222 could function as a biomarker for the prediction of response to ipilimumab.These results provide not only novel insights on melanoma immune resistance, but also pave the way to the development of innovative personalized tools to enable optimal drug selection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilli Galore-Haskel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Nemlich
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Eyal Greenberg
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shira Ashkenazi
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Motti Hakim
- cCAM Biotherapeutics, Misgav Industrial Park, Misgav, Israel
| | - Orit Itzhaki
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Noa Shoshani
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | | | - Eytan Ben-Ami
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Efrat Ofek
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Liat Anafi
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Michal J. Besser
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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