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Lampinen V, Gröhn S, Lehmler N, Jartti M, Hytönen VP, Schubert M, Hankaniemi MM. Production of norovirus-, rotavirus-, and enterovirus-like particles in insect cells is simplified by plasmid-based expression. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14874. [PMID: 38937523 PMCID: PMC11211442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Insect cells have long been the main expression host of many virus-like particles (VLP). VLPs resemble the respective viruses but are non-infectious. They are important in vaccine development and serve as safe model systems in virus research. Commonly, baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is used for VLP production. Here, we present an alternative, plasmid-based system for VLP expression, which offers distinct advantages: in contrast to BEVS, it avoids contamination by baculoviral particles and proteins, can maintain cell viability over the whole process, production of alphanodaviral particles will not be induced, and optimization of expression vectors and their ratios is simple. We compared the production of noro-, rota- and entero-VLP in the plasmid-based system to the standard process in BEVS. For noro- and entero-VLPs, similar yields could be achieved, whereas production of rota-VLP requires some further optimization. Nevertheless, in all cases, particles were formed, the expression process was simplified compared to BEVS and potential for the plasmid-based system was validated. This study demonstrates that plasmid-based transfection offers a viable option for production of noro-, rota- and entero-VLPs in insect cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vili Lampinen
- Virology and Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Protein Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Stina Gröhn
- Virology and Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Lehmler
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Minne Jartti
- Virology and Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Protein Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maren Schubert
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Minna M Hankaniemi
- Virology and Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
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2
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Chen S, Saqib M, Khan HS, Bai Y, Ashfaq UA, Mansoor MK, Moming A, Liu J, Zhou M, Niazi SK, Wu Q, Sial AUR, Tang S, Sarfraz MH, Javed A, Hayat S, Khurshid M, Khan I, Athar MA, Taj Z, Zhang B, Deng F, Zohaib A, Shen S. Risk of infection with arboviruses in a healthy population in Pakistan based on seroprevalence. Virol Sin 2024; 39:369-377. [PMID: 38599520 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by arboviruses are a public health concern in Pakistan. However, studies on data prevalence and threats posed by arboviruses are limited. This study investigated the seroprevalence of arboviruses in a healthy population in Pakistan, including severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), Tamdy virus (TAMV), and Karshi virus (KSIV) based on a newly established luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) assays, and Zika virus (ZIKV) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Neutralizing activities against these arboviruses were further examined from the antibody positive samples. The results showed that the seroprevalence of SFTSV, CCHFV, TAMV, KSIV, and ZIKV was 17.37%, 7.58%, 4.41%, 1.10%, and 6.48%, respectively, and neutralizing to SFTSV (1.79%), CCHFV (2.62%), and ZIKV (0.69%) were identified, as well as to the SFTSV-related Guertu virus (GTV, 0.83%). Risk factors associated with the incidence of exposure and levels of antibody response were analyzed. Moreover, co-exposure to different arboviruses was demonstrated, as thirty-seven individuals were having antibodies against multiple viruses and thirteen showed neutralizing activity. Males, individuals aged ≤40 years, and outdoor workers had a high risk of exposure to arboviruses. All these results reveal the substantial risks of infection with arboviruses in Pakistan, and indicate the threat from co-exposure to multiple arboviruses. The findings raise the need for further epidemiologic investigation in expanded regions and populations and the necessity to improve health surveillance in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | | | - Yuan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid Mansoor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Abulimti Moming
- Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | | | - Qiaoli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Awais-Ur-Rahman Sial
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Shuang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Muhammad Hassan Sarfraz
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Javed
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sumreen Hayat
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Iahtasham Khan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore Sub-campus, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ammar Athar
- Department of Molecular Pathology, National Medical Center DHA Phase 1, Karachi 75500, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Taj
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Ali Zohaib
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Shu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan 430200, China.
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3
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Fang Y, Wang J, Sun J, Su Z, Chen S, Xiao J, Ni J, Hu Z, He Y, Shen S, Deng F. RNA viromes of Dermacentor nuttalli ticks reveal a novel uukuvirus in Qīnghǎi Province, China. Virol Sin 2024:S1995-820X(24)00066-X. [PMID: 38679334 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Ticks are a major parasite on the Qīnghǎi-Tibet Plateau, western China, and represent an economic burden to agriculture and animal husbandry. Despite research on tick-borne pathogens that threaten humans and animals, the viromes of dominant tick species remain unknown. In this study, we collected Dermacentor nuttalli ticks near Qīnghǎi Lake and identified 13 viruses belonging to at least six families through metagenomic sequencing. Four viruses were of high abundance in pools, including Xīnjiāng tick-associated virus 1 (XJTAV1), and three novel viruses: Qīnghǎi Lake virus 1, Qīnghǎi Lake virus 2 (QHLV1, and QHLV2, unclassified), and Qīnghǎi Lake virus 3 (QHLV3, genus Uukuvirus of family Phenuiviridae in order Bunyavirales), which lacks the M segment. The minimum infection rates of the four viruses among the tick groups were 8.2%, 49.5%, 6.2%, and 24.7%, respectively, suggesting the prevalence of these viruses in D. nuttalli ticks. A putative M segment of QHLV3 was identified from next-generation sequencing data and further characterized for its signal peptide cleavage site, N-glycosylation, and transmembrane region. Furthermore, we probed the L, M, and S segments of other viruses using the putative M segment sequence with sequencing data of other tick pools. By revealing the viromes of D. nuttalli ticks, this study enhances our understanding of tick-borne viral communities in highland regions. The putative M segment identified in a novel uukuvirus suggests that previously identified uukuviruses without M segments should have had the same genome organization as typical bunyaviruses. These results will facilitate virus discovery and our understanding of the phylogeny of tick-borne uukuviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jianqing Sun
- Qinghai lake national nature reserve administration, Xining 810000, China
| | - Zhengyuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shengyao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yubang He
- Qinghai lake national nature reserve administration, Xining 810000, China
| | - Shu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan 430200, China.
| | - Fei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
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4
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Fu L, Xu L, Qian J, Wu X, Wang Z, Wang H, Liu D, Deng F, Shen S. The Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies against SFTS Group Bandaviruses Suggest New Targets of Specific or Broad-Spectrum Antivirals. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 109:1319-1328. [PMID: 37931293 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), Heartland virus (HRTV) and Guertu virus (GTV) belong to the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome/Heartland group of genus Bandavirus in the family Phenuiviridae of order Bunyavirales. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus and HRTV, identified from ticks from Asia and America, respectively, are important pathogens causing severe febrile diseases in humans. Guertu virus, closely related to these two viruses, is a potential pathogen, but no confirmed infection has been identified. So far, human-derived neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against SFTSV have been identified as having a great potential to be developed as antivirals; however, there is still a lack of neutralizing mAbs to GTV and HRTV. In this study, five neutralizing the mAbs against GTV and HRTV were obtained by hybridoma screening technology, four of which (14B4, 14D8, and 20D4 derived from GTV, and 27C8 derived from HRTV) showed cross reactivity and neutralization to all three viruses, and one derived from HRTV (10D6) neutralized HRTV specifically. The possible mechanisms of mAbs cross neutralization among the three viruses are discussed by analyzing their glycoprotein (GP) sequences and structures. Generating these neutralizing mAbs provides important antiviral candidates against GTV, HRTV, and SFTSV despite their differential activities, and their protective effect could be further evaluated in virus-infected mice. Their differential neutralizing efficiency and specificity further suggested that the three viruses share common mechanisms on the basis of GP functioning, and that HRTV poses a unique mechanism that differs from the other viruses. These findings shed light on developing broad-spectrum antiviral strategies against bandaviruses and promoting an understanding of the bandavirus infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Fu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lang Xu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Qian
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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5
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Silva AJD, de Jesus ALS, Leal LRS, de Macêdo LS, da Silva Barros BR, de Sousa GF, da Paz Leôncio Alves S, Pena LJ, de Melo CML, de Freitas AC. Whole Yeast Vaccine Displaying ZIKV B and T Cell Epitopes Induces Cellular Immune Responses in the Murine Model. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1898. [PMID: 37514084 PMCID: PMC10385271 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving antigen presentation is crucial for the success of immunization strategies. Yeasts are classically used as biofactories to produce recombinant proteins and are efficient vehicles for antigen delivery, in addition to their adjuvant properties. Despite the absence of epidemic outbreaks, several vaccine approaches continue to be developed for Zika virus infection. The development of these prophylactic strategies is fundamental given the severity of clinical manifestations, mainly due to viral neurotropism. The present study aimed to evaluate in vivo the immune response induced by P. pastoris recombinant strains displaying epitopes of the envelope (ENV) and NS1 ZIKV proteins. Intramuscular immunization with heat-attenuated yeast enhanced the secretion of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, in addition to the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, in BALB/c mice. P. pastoris displaying ENV epitopes induced a more robust immune response, increasing immunoglobulin production, especially IgG isotypes. Both proposed vaccines showed the potential to induce immune responses without adverse effects, confirming the safety of administering P. pastoris as a vaccine vehicle. Here, we demonstrated, for the first time, the evaluation of a vaccine against ZIKV based on a multiepitope construct using yeast as a delivery system and reinforcing the applicability of P. pastoris as a whole-cell vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jéssica Duarte Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy-LEMTE, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | - Lígia Rosa Sales Leal
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy-LEMTE, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Larissa Silva de Macêdo
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy-LEMTE, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lindomar José Pena
- Department of Virology and Experimental Therapy, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Carlos de Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy-LEMTE, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
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6
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de Mello RG, Bernardino TC, Guardalini LGO, Astray RM, Antoniazzi MM, Jared SGS, Núñez EGF, Jorge SAC. Zika virus-like particles (VLPs) produced in insect cells. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1181566. [PMID: 37377933 PMCID: PMC10291072 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1181566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introdutcion: The Zika virus (ZIKV) infections are a healthcare concern mostly in the Americas, Africa, and Asia but have increased its endemicity area beyond these geographical regions. Due to the advances in infections by Zika virus, it is imperative to develop diagnostic and preventive tools against this viral agent. Virus-like particles (VLPs) appear as a suitable approach for use as antiviral vaccines. Methods: In this work, a methodology was established to produce virus-like particles containing the structural proteins, C, prM, and E of Zika virus produced in insect cells using the gene expression system derived from baculovirus. The vector pFast- CprME -ZIKV was constructed containing the gene sequences of Zika virus structural proteins and it was used to generate the recombinant bacmids (Bac- CprME -ZIKV) through transformation into DH10BacTM cells. The Bac- CprME -ZIKV was transfected in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells and batches of BV- CprME -ZIKV were obtained by infection assays using a multiplicity of infection of 2. The Sf9 cells were infected, and the supernatant was collected 96 h post-infection. The expression of the CprME -ZIKV protein on the cell surface could be observed by immunochemical assays. To concentrate and purify virus-like particles, the sucrose and iodixanol gradients were evaluated, and the correct CprME -ZIKV proteins' conformation was evaluated by the Western blot assay. The virus-like particles were also analyzed and characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Results and discussion: Spherical structures like the native Zika virus from 50 to 65 nm containing the CprME -ZIKV proteins on their surface were observed in micrographs. The results obtained can be useful in the development path for a vaccine candidate against Zika virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eutimio Gustavo Fernández Núñez
- Grupo de Engenharia de Bioprocessos, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades (EACH), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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7
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Zhang Y, Yan Y, Li S, Yuan F, Wen D, Jia N, Xiong T, Zhang X, Zheng A. Broad Host Tropism of Flaviviruses during the Entry Stage. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0528122. [PMID: 36943072 PMCID: PMC10101140 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05281-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Flavivirus consists of viruses with various hosts, including insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs), mosquito-borne flaviviruses (MBFs), tick-borne flaviviruses (TBFs), and no-known vector (NKV) flaviviruses. Using the reporter viral particle (RVP) system, we found the efficient entry of ISFs into vertebrate cells, MBFs into tick cells, as well as NKVs and TBFs into mosquito cells with similar entry characteristics. By construction of reverse genetics, we found that Yokose virus (YOKV), an NKV, could enter and replicate in mosquito cells but failed to produce infectious particles. The complete removal of the glycosylation modification on the envelope proteins of flaviviruses had no obvious effect on the entry of all MBFs and TBFs. Our results demonstrate an entry-independent host-tropism mechanism and provide a new insight into the evolution of flaviviruses. IMPORTANCE Vector-borne flaviviruses, such as Zika virus, have extremely broad host and cell tropism, even though no critical entry receptors have yet been identified. Using an RVP system, we found the efficient entry of ISFs, MBFs, TBFs, and NKVs into their nonhost cells with similar characteristics. However, glycan-binding proteins cannot serve as universal entry receptors. Our results demonstrate an entry-independent host-tropism mechanism and give a new insight into the cross-species evolution of flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Suhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Na Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Aihua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
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8
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Brzuska G, Szewczyk B, Krol E. Influence of Dosing Regimen and Adjuvant Type on the Immunogenicity of Novel Recombinant Zika Virus-Like Particles. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0288522. [PMID: 36541807 PMCID: PMC9927573 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02885-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a reemerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes febrile illness and is also linked to Guillain-Barré syndrome as well as to microcephaly in newborns. Due to the risk of fetuses developing microcephaly, ZIKV is a serious problem for pregnant women. Although different types of vaccine antigens have been investigated, there is still no approved vaccine that prevents ZIKV. The aim of this study was to produce a potential anti-Zika virus vaccine candidate based on virus-like particles (VLPs) in mammalian cells and to analyze the role of dosing regimen and adjuvant type on the immunogenicity of the obtained antigen. Novel recombinant VLPs (F2A) were designed by introducing the optimized signal sequence of prM protein and by adding a self-cleavage peptide 2A between proteins prM and E. These modifications improved the formation of the glycoprotein E dimer. It has been shown that the increasing dosing regimen generates a significantly higher titer of antibodies; however, the adjuvant type does not affect this process. Sera from mice immunized using an increasing dosing schedule also showed higher neutralization activity against both Zika strains (H/PAN/2016/BEI-259634, a pandemic strain belonging to Asian lineage, and MR766, a reference strain from African lineage). In summary, this is the first report showing the influence of vaccination schedules and adjuvants on the immunogenicity of ZIKV virus-like particles. IMPORTANCE Considering the transmission of ZIKV and the risk of another epidemic as well as the neurological complications that follow ZIKV infection, the virus remains a serious problem for the human population, especially pregnant women. Therefore, there is a great need to develop new effective vaccine candidates. Although different types of vaccine antigens have been used in preclinical studies worldwide, there is still no approved vaccine to prevent ZIKV. VLPs are among the most potent antigens, but to use VLPs, adjuvants must be added to the formulation and appropriate administration must be performed. In this study, we show for the first time the influence of vaccination schedules and adjuvants on the immunogenicity of recombinant ZIKV VLPs. The obtained results can be used in new vaccine designs not only against ZIKV but also against other important viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Brzuska
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Szewczyk
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewelina Krol
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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9
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Gao X, Xia Y, Liu X, Xu Y, Lu P, dong Z, Liu J, Liang G. A perspective on SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles vaccines. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109650. [PMID: 36649673 PMCID: PMC9832101 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has spread to almost all corners of the world at an alarming rate. Vaccination is important for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Efforts are underway worldwide to develop an effective vaccine against COVID-19 using both traditional and innovative vaccine strategies. Compared to other vaccine platforms, SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles (VLPs )vaccines, as a new vaccine platform, have unique advantages: they have artificial nanostructures similar to natural SARS-CoV-2, which can stimulate good cellular and humoral immune responses in the organism; they have no viral nucleic acids, have good safety and thermal stability, and can be mass-produced and stored; their surfaces can be processed and modified, such as the adjuvant addition, etc.; they can be considered as an ideal platform for COVID-19 vaccine development. This review aims to shed light on the current knowledge and progress of VLPs vaccines against COVID-19, especially those undergoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Gao
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yeting Xia
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- The First People's Hospital of Nanyang Affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang 473000, China
| | - Yinlan Xu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Pengyang Lu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhipeng dong
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Gaofeng Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
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10
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Dahiya N, Yadav M, Singh H, Jakhar R, Sehrawat N. ZIKV: Epidemiology, infection mechanism and current therapeutics. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2022.1059283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) is a vector-borne flavivirus that has been detected in 87 countries worldwide. Outbreaks of ZIKV infection have been reported from various places around the world and the disease has been declared a public health emergency of international concern. ZIKV has two modes of transmission: vector and non-vector. The ability of ZIKV to vertically transmit in its competent vectors, such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, helps it to cope with adverse conditions, and this could be the reason for the major outbreaks that occur from time to time. ZIKV outbreaks are a global threat and, therefore, there is a need for safe and effective drugs and vaccines to fight the virus. In more than 80% of cases, ZIKV infection is asymptomatic and leads to complications, such as microcephaly in newborns and Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) in adults. Drugs such as sofosbuvir, chloroquine, and suramin have been found to be effective against ZIKV infections, but further evaluation of their safety in pregnant women is needed. Although temoporfin can be given to pregnant women, it needs to be tested further for side effects. Many vaccine types based on protein, vector, DNA, and mRNA have been formulated. Some vaccines, such as mRNA-1325 and VRC-ZKADNA090-00-VP, have reached Phase II clinical trials. Some new techniques should be used for formulating and testing the efficacy of vaccines. Although there have been no recent outbreaks of ZIKV infection, several studies have shown continuous circulation of ZIKV in mosquito vectors, and there is a risk of re-emergence of ZIKV in the near future. Therefore, vaccines and drugs for ZIKV should be tested further, and safe and effective therapeutic techniques should be licensed for use during outbreaks.
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11
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Malogolovkin A, Davies A, Abouelhadid S, Kerviel A, Roy P, Falconar AK. Enhanced Zika virus-like particle development using Baculovirus spp. constructs. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28252. [PMID: 36271727 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is one of several examples of an unprecedented pandemic spread and against which there is currently no suitable vaccine or treatment. Here, we constructed and characterized recombinant baculovirus-derived ZIKV-like particles (Zika VLPs) to study ZIKV-antibody interactions. These VLPs, uniquely consisted of the full-length ZIKV capsid (C), pre-membrane (prM), and envelope (E) proteins with either: a) the viral nonstructural NS2B and NS3 protease unit under one or two different promoters or b) an alternative host-cell furin protease encoding cleavage sequence inserted between the C and prM genes, together with lobster tropomyosin leader and honeybee signal sequences with one promoter for increased extracellular secretion. All these Zika VLPs displayed typical virion morphology in transmission electron microscopic analysis when expressed in both insect (Sf9) and mammalian (HEK293T) cells and no uncleaved prM glycoprotein was detected, as are present on immature virions. The importance of glycosylation of the E glycoprotein was shown by the effects on both polyclonal and monoclonal antibody reactions after these N-linked carbohydrate residues were disrupted by oxidation or enzymatic cleavage. Importantly, the construct which contained the host-cell furin protease cleavage sequence together with a lobster tropomyosin leader and honeybee signal sequences under one promoter produced higher Zika VLP titers and protein concentrations and which can now be tested as a superior construct in multifunctional diagnostic (ELISA and neutralization/antibody-dependent enhancement) assays and immunogenic assessments possibly leading to vaccine trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Malogolovkin
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andrew Davies
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sherif Abouelhadid
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Adeline Kerviel
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Polly Roy
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andrew K Falconar
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad del Norte, Km5 Antigua via Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, Atlantico, Colombia
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12
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Shin M, Kim K, Lee HJ, Jung YJ, Park J, Hahn TW. Vaccination with a Zika virus envelope domain III protein induces neutralizing antibodies and partial protection against Asian genotype in immunocompetent mice. Trop Med Health 2022; 50:91. [PMID: 36471432 PMCID: PMC9721077 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-022-00485-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus classified in Flaviviridae family such as dengue (DENV), yellow fever, and West Nile virus. An outbreak of ZIKV infection can pose a major public health risk because the contagion is unpredictable and induces severe pathology such as Guillan-Barre syndrome and neonatal microcephaly. However, an authorized ZIKV vaccine is not yet available, while several vaccine candidates are under development. METHODS In this study, we constructed a recombinant ZIKV vaccine (Z_EDIII) that includes ZIKV envelope protein domain III using E. coli expression system. Then both humoral and cellular immunity were examined in C57BL/6 (female, 8-weeks-old) mice via Indirect ELISA assay, PRNT, ELISpot and cytokine detection for IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12. In addition, the cross protection against DENV was evaluated in pups from Z_EDIII vaccinated and infected dam. RESULTS Mice immunized by Z_EDIII produced a significant amount of ZIKV EDIII-specific and neutralizing antibodies. Together with antibodies, effector cytokines, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12 were induced. Moreover, vaccinated females delivered the adaptive immunity to neonates who are protective against ZIKV and DENV challenge. CONCLUSIONS This study observed Z-EDIII-induced humoral and cellular immunity that protected hosts from both ZIKV and DENV challenges. The result suggests that our ZIKV EDIII recombinant vaccine has potential to provide a new preventive strategy against ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Shin
- INNOVAC, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Kiju Kim
- INNOVAC, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea ,grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Ji Lee
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039College of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039College of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Park
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Hahn
- INNOVAC, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea ,grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
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13
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Yang N, Zhang J, Xu M, Yi J, Wang Z, Wang Y, Chen C. Virus-like particles vaccines based on glycoprotein E0 and E2 of bovine viral diarrhea virus induce Humoral responses. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1047001. [PMID: 36439839 PMCID: PMC9687372 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1047001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease (BVD/MD) is a viral infectious disease that seriously endangers the health of cattle herds and brings serious economic losses to the global cattle industry. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are empty shell structures without viral nucleic acid, which are similar to natural virus particles in morphology and structure. Because of their strong immunogenicity and biological activity, some of them have been used as vaccines in clinical trials. In this study, we developed a strategy to generate BVDV (E0 + E2, E2 + E2) VLPs using an insect baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS). The VLPs obtained were detected by immunofluorescence assay (IFA), western blotting analyses and transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the results showed that VLPs of high purity were obtained. Mice immunized with VLPs (15 μg) and Freund's adjuvant (100 μl) elicited higher BVDV-neutralizing antibody in comparison with Freund's adjuvant control (p < 0.0001), and even on day 21 or 35 post-prime immunization, the neutralizing antibody levels of mice immunized with E0 + E2 or E2 + E2 VLPs were significantly higher compared with inactivated vaccine (p < 0.05). A subsequent challenge reveals that the viral loads of livers, kidneys, spleens, lungs and small intestines were significantly lower compared with control (p < 0.0001), and the viral loads of mice immunized with E0 + E2 or E2 + E2 VLPs in the small intestines were significantly lower compared with inactivated vaccine (p < 0.05). Thus, VLPs are a promising candidate vaccine and warrants further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jiangwei Zhang
- Intelligent Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Tiemenguan Vocational and Technical College, Tiemenguan, China
| | - Mingguo Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jihai Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Control and Prevention of Animal Disease, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Shihezi, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Zoonotic Infectious Diseases in the Western Region, Shihezi, China
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14
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Chandrasekar V, Singh AV, Maharjan RS, Dakua SP, Balakrishnan S, Dash S, Laux P, Luch A, Singh S, Pradhan M. Perspectives on the Technological Aspects and Biomedical Applications of Virus‐Like Particles/Nanoparticles in Reproductive Biology: Insights on the Medicinal and Toxicological Outlook. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajay Vikram Singh
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Department of Chemical and Product Safety Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | - Romi Singh Maharjan
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Department of Chemical and Product Safety Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | | | | | - Sagnika Dash
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Apollo Clinic Qatar 23656 Doha Qatar
| | - Peter Laux
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Department of Chemical and Product Safety Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Department of Chemical and Product Safety Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | - Suyash Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raebareli UP 226001 India
| | - Mandakini Pradhan
- Department of Fetal Medicine Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Reabareli Road Lucknow UP 226014 India
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15
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Bai Y, Zhang Y, Su Z, Tang S, Wang J, Wu Q, Yang J, Moming A, Zhang Y, Bell-Sakyi L, Sun S, Shen S, Deng F. Discovery of Tick-Borne Karshi Virus Implies Misinterpretation of the Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Seroprevalence in Northwest China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:872067. [PMID: 35685931 PMCID: PMC9173002 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.872067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite few human cases of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), high rates of TBEV seroprevalence were reported among humans and animals in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in Northwestern China. In this study, the Karshi virus (KSIV) was identified and isolated from Hyalomma asiaticum ticks in Xinjiang. It belongs to the genus Flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae and is closely related to TBEV. KSIV infects cell lines from humans, other mammals and ticks, and causes encephalitis in suckling mice. High minimum infection rates (4.96%) with KSIV were detected among tick groups. KSIV infections have occurred in sheep and marmots, resulting in antibody-positive rates of 2.43 and 2.56%, respectively. We further found that, of the KSIV antibody-positive serum samples from animals, 13.9% had TBEV exposure showing cross-reaction to KSIV, and 11.1% had KSIV infection resulting in cross-reaction to TBEV; 8.3% were likely to have co-exposure to both viruses (or may be infected with one of them and present cross-reactivity with the other). The results revealed a substantial KSIV prevalence among ticks in Xinjiang, indicating exposure of animals to KSIV and TBEV. The findings implied misinterpretation of the high rates of TBEV seroprevalence among humans and animals in previous studies. There is a need to develop detection methods to distinguish KSIV from TBEV and to perform an in-depth investigation of KSIV and TBEV prevalence and incidence in Northwestern China, which would enhance our preparation to provide medical treatment of emerging diseases caused by tick-borne viral pathogens such as KSIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Centre, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Centre, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengyuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Centre, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Centre, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Centre, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiaoli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Centre, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Centre, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Abulimiti Moming
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Centre, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujiang Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Lesley Bell-Sakyi
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Surong Sun
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Centre, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Centre, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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16
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Curley SM, Putnam D. Biological Nanoparticles in Vaccine Development. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:867119. [PMID: 35402394 PMCID: PMC8984165 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.867119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines represent one of the most successful public health initiatives worldwide. However, despite the vast number of highly effective vaccines, some infectious diseases still do not have vaccines available. New technologies are needed to fully realize the potential of vaccine development for both emerging infectious diseases and diseases for which there are currently no vaccines available. As can be seen by the success of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, nanoscale platforms are promising delivery vectors for effective and safe vaccines. Synthetic nanoscale platforms, including liposomes and inorganic nanoparticles and microparticles, have many advantages in the vaccine market, but often require multiple doses and addition of artificial adjuvants, such as aluminum hydroxide. Biologically derived nanoparticles, on the other hand, contain native pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which can reduce the need for artificial adjuvants. Biological nanoparticles can be engineered to have many additional useful properties, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, and are often able to self-assemble, thereby allowing simple scale-up from benchtop to large-scale manufacturing. This review summarizes the state of the art in biologically derived nanoparticles and their capabilities as novel vaccine platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Curley
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - David Putnam
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: David Putnam,
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17
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Shin M, Kim K, Lee HJ, Lee R, Jung YJ, Park J, Hahn TW. Zika virus baculovirus-expressed envelope protein elicited humoral and cellular immunity in immunocompetent mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:660. [PMID: 35027643 PMCID: PMC8758750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus that has a high risk of inducing Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly in newborns. Because vaccination is considered the most effective strategy against ZIKV infection, we designed a recombinant vaccine utilizing the baculovirus expression system with two strains of ZIKV envelope protein (MR766, Env_M; ZBRX6, Env_Z). Animals inoculated with Env_M and Env_Z produced ZIKV-specific antibodies and secreted effector cytokines such as interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-12. Moreover, the progeny of immunized females had detectable maternal antibodies that protected them against two ZIKV strains (MR766 and PRVABC59) and a Dengue virus strain. We propose that the baculovirus expression system ZIKV envelope protein recombinant provides a safe and effective vaccine strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiju Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Ji Lee
- College of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Rangyeon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- College of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Wook Hahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Cuevas-Juárez E, Pando-Robles V, Palomares LA. Flavivirus vaccines: Virus-like particles and single-round infectious particles as promising alternatives. Vaccine 2021; 39:6990-7000. [PMID: 34753613 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The genus flavivirus of the Flaviridae family includes several human pathogens, like dengue, Zika, Japanese encephalitis, and yellow fever virus. These viruses continue to be a significant threat to human health. Vaccination remains the most useful approach to reduce the impact of flavivirus fever. However, currently available vaccines can induce severe side effects or have low effectiveness. An alternative is the use of recombinant vaccines, of which virus-like particles (VLP) and single-round infectious particles (SRIP) are of especial interest. VLP consist of the virus structural proteins produced in a heterologous system that self-assemble in a structure almost identical to the native virus. They are highly immunogenic and have been effective vaccines for other viruses for over 30 years. SRIP are promising vaccine candidates, as they induce both cellular and humoral responses, as viral proteins are expressed. Here, the state of the art to produce both types of particles and their use as vaccines against flaviviruses are discussed. We summarize the different approaches used for the design and production of flavivirus VLP and SRIP, the evidence for their safety and efficacy, and the main challenges for their use as commercial vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Cuevas-Juárez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos. Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ave. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México.
| | - Victoria Pando-Robles
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Ave. Universidad 655. Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100. México.
| | - Laura A Palomares
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos. Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ave. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México.
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19
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Park SC, Park JY, Choi JY, Oh B, Yang MS, Lee SY, Kim JW, Eo SK, Chae JS, Lim CW, Oem JK, Tark DS, Kim B. Experimental infection of dogs with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus: Pathogenicity and potential for intraspecies transmission. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:3090-3096. [PMID: 34716981 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is caused by infection with Dabie bandavirus [formerly SFTS virus (SFTSV)] and is an emerging zoonotic disease. Dogs can be infected with SFTSV, but its pathogenicity and transmissibility have not been fully elucidated. In experiment 1, immunocompetent dogs were intramuscularly inoculated with SFTSV. In experiment 2, immunosuppressed dogs (immunosuppressed group; oral azathioprine 5 mg/kg/day for 30 days) were intramuscularly inoculated with SFTSV. Both immunosuppressed and immunocompetent contact dogs were co-housed with the SFTSV-inoculated dogs that had been immunosuppressed. Immunocompetent SFTSV-infected dogs did not show any clinical symptom. However, immunosuppressed SFTSV-infected dogs showed high fever and weight loss without lethality. In all SFTSV-infected dogs, viral RNA could be measured in the serum only after 3 days post infection (DPI) and neutralizing antibodies were detected in the serum beginning 9 DPI. SFTSV shedding in the urine and faeces of some infected dogs occurred between 4 and 6 DPI. The immunocompromised SFTSV-infected dogs showed thrombocytopenia beginning 3 DPI to the end of the experiment (24 DPI). We confirmed SFTSV transmission to one of three immunocompetent co-housed dogs. This dog showed a high fever, weight loss, and shed viral RNA by urine. Viral RNA and neutralizing antibodies were also detected in the serum. These results demonstrated that intramuscular inoculation with SFTSV induced minor clinical symptoms in dogs, and intraspecies SFTSV transmission in dogs can occur by contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Chan Park
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Park
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Choi
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungkwan Oh
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-Young Lee
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kug Eo
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Woong Lim
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ku Oem
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seob Tark
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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Targovnik AM, Simonin JA, Mc Callum GJ, Smith I, Cuccovia Warlet FU, Nugnes MV, Miranda MV, Belaich MN. Solutions against emerging infectious and noninfectious human diseases through the application of baculovirus technologies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8195-8226. [PMID: 34618205 PMCID: PMC8495437 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11615-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Baculoviruses are insect pathogens widely used as biotechnological tools in different fields of life sciences and technologies. The particular biology of these entities (biosafety viruses 1; large circular double-stranded DNA genomes, infective per se; generally of narrow host range on insect larvae; many of the latter being pests in agriculture) and the availability of molecular-biology procedures (e.g., genetic engineering to edit their genomes) and cellular resources (availability of cell lines that grow under in vitro culture conditions) have enabled the application of baculoviruses as active ingredients in pest control, as systems for the expression of recombinant proteins (Baculovirus Expression Vector Systems—BEVS) and as viral vectors for gene delivery in mammals or to display antigenic proteins (Baculoviruses applied on mammals—BacMam). Accordingly, BEVS and BacMam technologies have been introduced in academia because of their availability as commercial systems and ease of use and have also reached the human pharmaceutical industry, as incomparable tools in the development of biological products such as diagnostic kits, vaccines, protein therapies, and—though still in the conceptual stage involving animal models—gene therapies. Among all the baculovirus species, the Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus has been the most highly exploited in the above utilities for the human-biotechnology field. This review highlights the main achievements (in their different stages of development) of the use of BEVS and BacMam technologies for the generation of products for infectious and noninfectious human diseases. Key points • Baculoviruses can assist as biotechnological tools in human health problems. • Vaccines and diagnosis reagents produced in the baculovirus platform are described. • The use of recombinant baculovirus for gene therapy–based treatment is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Marisa Targovnik
- Cátedra de Biotecnología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina.
- Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, CONICET -Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Sexto Piso, C1113AAD, 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Jorge Alejandro Simonin
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Celular y Molecular, Área Virosis de Insectos, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gregorio Juan Mc Callum
- Cátedra de Biotecnología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina
- Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, CONICET -Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Sexto Piso, C1113AAD, 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Smith
- Cátedra de Biotecnología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina
- Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, CONICET -Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Sexto Piso, C1113AAD, 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Franco Uriel Cuccovia Warlet
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Celular y Molecular, Área Virosis de Insectos, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Nugnes
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Celular y Molecular, Área Virosis de Insectos, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Miranda
- Cátedra de Biotecnología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina
- Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, CONICET -Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Sexto Piso, C1113AAD, 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Nicolás Belaich
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Celular y Molecular, Área Virosis de Insectos, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Current Progress in the Development of Zika Virus Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9091004. [PMID: 34579241 PMCID: PMC8472938 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9091004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus first discovered in the Americas. ZIKV infection is insidious based on its mild clinical symptoms observed after infection. In Brazil, after 2015, ZIKV infection broke out on a large scale, and many infected pregnant women gave birth to babies with microcephaly. The teratogenic effects of the virus on the fetus and its effects on nerves and the immune system have attracted great attention. Currently, no specific prophylactics or therapeutics are clinically available to treat ZIKV infection. Development of a safe and effective vaccine is essential to prevent the rise of any potential pandemic. In this review, we summarize the latest research on Zika vaccine development based on different strategies, including DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines, live-attenuated vaccines, virus-vector-based vaccines, inactivated vaccines, virus-like particles (VLPs), mRNA-based vaccines, and others. We anticipate that this review will facilitate further progress toward the development of effective and safe vaccines against ZIKV infection.
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22
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Cimica V, Galarza JM, Rashid S, Stedman TT. Current development of Zika virus vaccines with special emphasis on virus-like particle technology. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:1483-1498. [PMID: 34148481 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1945447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Zika virus disease received little attention until its recent explosive emergence around the globe. The devastating consequences of this pandemic include congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and the neurological autoimmune disorder Guillain-Barré syndrome. These potential outcomes prompted massive efforts to understand the course of Zika infection and to develop therapeutic and prophylactic strategies for treatment and prevention of disease.Area covered: Preclinical and clinical data demonstrate that a safe and efficacious vaccine for protection against Zika virus infection is possible in the near future. Nevertheless, significant knowledge gaps regarding the outcome of a mass vaccination strategy exist and must be addressed. Zika virus circulates in flavivirus-endemic regions, an ideal Zika vaccine should avoid the potential of antibody-dependent enhancement from exposure to dengue virus. Prevention of CZS is the primary goal for immunization, and the vaccine must provide protection against intrauterine transmission for use during pregnancy and in women of childbearing age. Ideally, a vaccine should also prevent sexual transmission of the virus through mucosal protection.Expert opinion: This review describes current vaccine approaches against Zika virus with particular attention to the application of virus-like particle (VLP) technology as a strategy for solving the challenges of Zika virus immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velasco Cimica
- American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Manassas, VA, USA
| | | | - Sujatha Rashid
- American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Manassas, VA, USA
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23
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Induction of Robust and Specific Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses by Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Virus-Like Particles (BVDV-VLPs) Engineered with Baculovirus Expression Vector System. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9040350. [PMID: 33917272 PMCID: PMC8067437 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important animal pathogen that affects cattle. Infections caused by the virus have resulted in substantial economic losses and outbreaks of BVDV are reported globally. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising vaccine technology largely due to their safety and strong ability to elicit robust immune responses. In this study, we developed a strategy to generate BVDV-VLPs using a baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS). We were able to assemble BVDV-VLPs composed of dimerized viral proteins E2 and Erns, and the VLPs were spherical particles with the diameters of about 50 nm. Mice immunized with 15 μg of VLPs adjuvanted with ISA201 elicited higher levels of E2-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a antibodies as well as higher BVDV-neutralizing activity in comparison with controls. Re-stimulation of the splenocytes collected from mice immunized with VLPs led to significantly increased levels of CD3+CD4+T cells and CD3+CD8+T cells. In addition, the splenocytes showed dramatically enhanced proliferation and the secretion of Th1-associated IFN-γ and Th2-associated IL-4 compared to that of the unstimulated control group. Taken together, our data indicate that BVDV-VLPs efficiently induced BVDV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, showing a promising potential of developing BVDV-VLP-based vaccines for the prevention of BVDV infections.
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Jasperse B, O'Connell CM, Wang Y, Verardi PH. Single dose of a replication-defective vaccinia virus expressing Zika virus-like particles is protective in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6492. [PMID: 33753816 PMCID: PMC7985303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85951-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a flavivirus transmitted primarily by infected mosquitos, can cause neurological symptoms such as Guillian-Barré syndrome and microcephaly. We developed several vaccinia virus (VACV) vaccine candidates for ZIKV based on replication-inducible VACVs (vINDs) expressing ZIKV pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) proteins (vIND-ZIKVs). These vIND-ZIKVs contain elements of the tetracycline operon and replicate only in the presence of tetracyclines. The pool of vaccine candidates was narrowed to one vIND-ZIKV containing a novel mutation in the signal peptide of prM that led to higher expression and secretion of E and production of virus-like particles, which was then tested for safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in mice. vIND-ZIKV grows to high titers in vitro in the presence of doxycycline (DOX) but is replication-defective in vivo in the absence of DOX, causing no weight loss in mice. C57BL/6 mice vaccinated once with vIND-ZIKV in the absence of DOX (as a replication-defective virus) developed robust levels of E-peptide-specific IFN-γ-secreting splenocytes and anti-E IgG titers, with modest levels of serum-neutralizing antibodies. Vaccinated mice treated with anti-IFNAR1 antibody were completely protected from ZIKV viremia post-challenge after a single dose of vIND-ZIKV. Furthermore, mice with prior immunity to VACV developed moderate anti-E IgG titers that increased after booster vaccination, and were protected from viremia only after two vaccinations with vIND-ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Jasperse
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science and Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Caitlin M O'Connell
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science and Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science and Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Paulo H Verardi
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science and Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
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Minakshi P, Ghosh M, Kumar R, Brar B, Lambe UP, Banerjee S, Ranjan K, Kumar B, Goel P, Malik YS, Prasad G. An Insight into Nanomedicinal Approaches to Combat Viral Zoonoses. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:915-962. [PMID: 32209041 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200325114400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging viral zoonotic diseases are one of the major obstacles to secure the "One Health" concept under the current scenario. Current prophylactic, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches often associated with certain limitations and thus proved to be insufficient for customizing rapid and efficient combating strategy against the highly transmissible pathogenic infectious agents leading to the disastrous socio-economic outcome. Moreover, most of the viral zoonoses originate from the wildlife and poor knowledge about the global virome database renders it difficult to predict future outbreaks. Thus, alternative management strategy in terms of improved prophylactic vaccines and their delivery systems; rapid and efficient diagnostics and effective targeted therapeutics are the need of the hour. METHODS Structured literature search has been performed with specific keywords in bibliographic databases for the accumulation of information regarding current nanomedicine interventions along with standard books for basic virology inputs. RESULTS Multi-arrayed applications of nanomedicine have proved to be an effective alternative in all the aspects regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and control of zoonotic viral diseases. The current review is focused to outline the applications of nanomaterials as anti-viral vaccines or vaccine/drug delivery systems, diagnostics and directly acting therapeutic agents in combating the important zoonotic viral diseases in the recent scenario along with their potential benefits, challenges and prospects to design successful control strategies. CONCLUSION This review provides significant introspection towards the multi-arrayed applications of nanomedicine to combat several important zoonotic viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Minakshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125001, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Mayukh Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur (UP) - 231001, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125001, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Basanti Brar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125001, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Upendra P Lambe
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125001, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Somesh Banerjee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Immunology Section, LUVAS, Hisar-125004, India
| | - Koushlesh Ranjan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, 250110, India
| | | | - Parveen Goel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Yashpal S Malik
- Division of Standardisation, Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar - Bareilly (UP) - 243122, India
| | - Gaya Prasad
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, UP, 250110, India
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Hazlewood JE, Dumenil T, Le TT, Slonchak A, Kazakoff SH, Patch AM, Gray LA, Howley PM, Liu L, Hayball JD, Yan K, Rawle DJ, Prow NA, Suhrbier A. Injection site vaccinology of a recombinant vaccinia-based vector reveals diverse innate immune signatures. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009215. [PMID: 33439897 PMCID: PMC7837487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Poxvirus systems have been extensively used as vaccine vectors. Herein a RNA-Seq analysis of intramuscular injection sites provided detailed insights into host innate immune responses, as well as expression of vector and recombinant immunogen genes, after vaccination with a new multiplication defective, vaccinia-based vector, Sementis Copenhagen Vector. Chikungunya and Zika virus immunogen mRNA and protein expression was associated with necrosing skeletal muscle cells surrounded by mixed cellular infiltrates. The multiple adjuvant signatures at 12 hours post-vaccination were dominated by TLR3, 4 and 9, STING, MAVS, PKR and the inflammasome. Th1 cytokine signatures were dominated by IFNγ, TNF and IL1β, and chemokine signatures by CCL5 and CXCL12. Multiple signatures associated with dendritic cell stimulation were evident. By day seven, vaccine transcripts were absent, and cell death, neutrophil, macrophage and inflammation annotations had abated. No compelling arthritis signatures were identified. Such injection site vaccinology approaches should inform refinements in poxvirus-based vector design. Poxvirus vector systems have been widely developed for vaccine applications. Despite considerable progress, so far only one recombinant poxvirus vectored vaccine has to date been licensed for human use, with ongoing efforts seeking to enhance immunogenicity whilst minimizing reactogenicity. The latter two characteristics are often determined by early post-vaccination events at the injection site. We therefore undertook an injection site vaccinology approach to analyzing gene expression at the vaccination site after intramuscular inoculation with a recombinant, multiplication defective, vaccinia-based vaccine. This provided detailed insights into inter alia expression of vector-encoded immunoregulatory genes, as well as host innate and adaptive immune responses. We propose that such injection site vaccinology can inform rational vaccine vector design, and we discuss how the information and approach elucidated herein might be used to improve immunogenicity and limit reactogenicity of poxvirus-based vaccine vector systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessamine E. Hazlewood
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Troy Dumenil
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thuy T. Le
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrii Slonchak
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Stephen H. Kazakoff
- Clinical Genomics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ann-Marie Patch
- Clinical Genomics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lesley-Ann Gray
- Australian Genome Research Facility Ltd., Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Liang Liu
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John D. Hayball
- Sementis Ltd., Hackney, Australia
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kexin Yan
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Rawle
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Natalie A. Prow
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Plescia CB, David EA, Patra D, Sengupta R, Amiar S, Su Y, Stahelin RV. SARS-CoV-2 viral budding and entry can be modeled using BSL-2 level virus-like particles. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100103. [PMID: 33214224 PMCID: PMC7832013 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and expeditiously spread across the globe causing a global pandemic. Research on SARS-CoV-2, as well as the closely related SARS-CoV-1 and MERS coronaviruses, is restricted to BSL-3 facilities. Such BSL-3 classification makes SARS-CoV-2 research inaccessible to the majority of functioning research laboratories in the United States; this becomes problematic when the collective scientific effort needs to be focused on such in the face of a pandemic. However, a minimal system capable of recapitulating different steps of the viral life cycle without using the virus' genetic material could increase accessibility. In this work, we assessed the four structural proteins from SARS-CoV-2 for their ability to form virus-like particles (VLPs) from human cells to form a competent system for BSL-2 studies of SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we provide methods and resources of producing, purifying, fluorescently and APEX2-labeling of SARS-CoV-2 VLPs for the evaluation of mechanisms of viral budding and entry as well as assessment of drug inhibitors under BSL-2 conditions. These systems should be useful to those looking to circumvent BSL-3 work with SARS-CoV-2 yet study the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 enters and exits human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B Plescia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Emily A David
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Dhabaleswar Patra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Ranjan Sengupta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Souad Amiar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Yuan Su
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert V Stahelin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
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28
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Plescia CB, David EA, Patra D, Sengupta R, Amiar S, Su Y, Stahelin RV. SARS-CoV-2 viral budding and entry can be modeled using virus-like particles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 33024964 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.30.320903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and expeditiously spread across the globe causing a global pandemic. While a select agent designation has not been made for SARS-CoV-2, closely related SARS-CoV-1 and MERS coronaviruses are classified as Risk Group 3 select agents, which restricts use of the live viruses to BSL-3 facilities. Such BSL-3 classification make SARS-CoV-2 research inaccessible to the majority of functioning research laboratories in the US; this becomes problematic when the collective scientific effort needs to be focused on such in the face of a pandemic. In this work, we assessed the four structural proteins from SARS-CoV-2 for their ability to form viruslike particles (VLPs) from human cells to form a competent system for BSL-2 studies of SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we provide methods and resources of producing, purifying, fluorescently and APEX2-labeling of SARS-CoV-2 VLPs for the evaluation of mechanisms of viral budding and entry as well as assessment of drug inhibitors under BSL-2 conditions.
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29
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Luo D, Miao Y, Ke X, Tan Z, Hu C, Li P, Wang T, Zhang Y, Sun J, Liu Y, Wang H, Zheng Z. Baculovirus Surface Display of Zika Virus Envelope Protein Protects against Virus Challenge in Mouse Model. Virol Sin 2020; 35:637-650. [PMID: 32472451 PMCID: PMC7256182 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is emerging as a significant pathogen worldwide and may cause severe neurological disorders such as fetal microcephaly and Guillain-Barre syndrome. No drug or listed vaccines are currently available for preventing ZIKV infection. As a major target of neutralizing, ZIKV envelop (E) protein usually used for vaccine development. Nevertheless, the immunogenicity of ZIKV envelop (E) protein expressed by baculovirus display system has never been assessed. In this study, we reported a new strategy for surface display of ZIKV E protein by a recombinant baculovirus vector derived from Autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) and assessed its immunogenicity in mice. We produced recombinant fusion ZIKV E protein linked with signal peptide (SP) and transmembrane domain (TM) of AcMNPV GP64. The results showed that the recombinant protein was easy to produce by baculovirus display system. BALB/c mice immunized with this recombinant E protein developed ZIKV specific serum antibodies. The anti-E protein sera from the mice were able to effectively neutralize ZIKV in vitro. More importantly, AG6 (IFN-α/β and IFN-γ receptor deficient) mice immunized with recombinant E protein were protected against lethal ZIKV challenge. Together, these findings demonstrated that the recombinant E protein displayed by baculovirus can be conveniently prepared and displayed good immunogenicity in immunized mice. It is a promising practical approach for prompting the development of vaccine and related immunology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yuanjiu Miao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xianliang Ke
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhongyuan Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chun Hu
- Computer Center of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Penghui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ting Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jianhong Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhenhua Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Zhang N, Li C, Jiang S, Du L. Recent Advances in the Development of Virus-Like Particle-Based Flavivirus Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030481. [PMID: 32867194 PMCID: PMC7565697 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses include several medically important viruses, such as Zika virus (ZIKV), Dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). They have expanded in geographic distribution and refocused international attention in recent years. Vaccination is one of the most effective public health strategies for combating flavivirus infections. In this review, we summarized virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines against the above four mentioned flaviviruses. Potential strategies to improve the efficacy of VLP-based flavivirus vaccines were also illustrated. The applications of flavivirus VLPs as tools for viral detection and antiviral drug screening were finally proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naru Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China; (N.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Chaoqun Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China; (N.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Shibo Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (L.D.)
| | - Lanying Du
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (L.D.)
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31
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Kubinski M, Beicht J, Gerlach T, Volz A, Sutter G, Rimmelzwaan GF. Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: A Quest for Better Vaccines against a Virus on the Rise. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E451. [PMID: 32806696 PMCID: PMC7564546 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the family Flaviviridae, is one of the most important tick-transmitted viruses in Europe and Asia. Being a neurotropic virus, TBEV causes infection of the central nervous system, leading to various (permanent) neurological disorders summarized as tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). The incidence of TBE cases has increased due to the expansion of TBEV and its vectors. Since antiviral treatment is lacking, vaccination against TBEV is the most important protective measure. However, vaccination coverage is relatively low and immunogenicity of the currently available vaccines is limited, which may account for the vaccine failures that are observed. Understanding the TBEV-specific correlates of protection is of pivotal importance for developing novel and improved TBEV vaccines. For affording robust protection against infection and development of TBE, vaccines should induce both humoral and cellular immunity. In this review, the adaptive immunity induced upon TBEV infection and vaccination as well as novel approaches to produce improved TBEV vaccines are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Kubinski
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation (TiHo), Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (M.K.); (J.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Jana Beicht
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation (TiHo), Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (M.K.); (J.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Thomas Gerlach
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation (TiHo), Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (M.K.); (J.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Asisa Volz
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation (TiHo), Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Gerd Sutter
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Veterinaerstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany;
| | - Guus F. Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation (TiHo), Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (M.K.); (J.B.); (T.G.)
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32
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Mu J, Zhang H, Li T, Shu T, Qiu Y, Zhou X. The 3A protein of coxsackievirus B3 acts as a viral suppressor of RNA interference. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:1069-1078. [PMID: 32667281 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a potent antiviral defence mechanism in eukaryotes, and numerous viruses have been found to encode viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs). Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) belongs to the genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae, and has been reported to be a major causative pathogen for viral myocarditis. Despite the importance of CVB3, it is unclear whether CVB3 can also encode proteins that suppress RNAi. Here, we showed that the CVB3 nonstructural protein 3A suppressed RNAi triggered by either small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) or small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in mammalian cells. We further uncovered that CVB3 3A interacted directly with double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) and siRNAs in vitro. Through mutational analysis, we found that the VSR activity of CVB3 3A was significantly reduced by mutations of D24A/L25A/L26A, Y37A/C38A and R60A in conserved residues. In addition, the 3A protein encoded by coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5), another member of Enterovirus, also showed VSR activity. Taken together, our findings showed that CVB3 3A has in vitro VSR activity, thereby providing insights into the pathogenesis of CVB3 and other enteroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfang Mu
- Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology and Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, CAS, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Haobo Zhang
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Ting Shu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology and Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, CAS, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Yang Qiu
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology and Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, CAS, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Xi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology and Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, CAS, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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Zepeda-Cervantes J, Ramírez-Jarquín JO, Vaca L. Interaction Between Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) and Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) From Dendritic Cells (DCs): Toward Better Engineering of VLPs. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1100. [PMID: 32582186 PMCID: PMC7297083 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) have been shown to be strong activators of dendritic cells (DCs). DCs are the most potent antigen presenting cells (APCs) and their activation prompts the priming of immunity mediators based on B and T cells. The first step for the activation of DCs is the binding of VLPs to pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on the surface of DCs, followed by VLP internalization. Like wild-type viruses, VLPs use specific PRRs from the DC; however, these recognition interactions between VLPs and PRRs from DCs have not been thoroughly reviewed. In this review, we focused on the interaction between proteins that form VLPs and PRRs from DCs. Several proteins that form VLP contain glycosylations that allow the direct interaction with PRRs sensing carbohydrates, prompting DC maturation and leading to the development of strong adaptive immune responses. We also discussed how the knowledge of the molecular interaction between VLPs and PRRs from DCs can lead to the smart design of VLPs, whether based on the fusion of foreign epitopes or their chemical conjugation, as well as other modifications that have been shown to induce a stronger adaptive immune response and protection against infectious pathogens of importance in human and veterinary medicine. Finally, we address the use of VLPs as tools against cancer and allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Zepeda-Cervantes
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Josué Orlando Ramírez-Jarquín
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Vaca
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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Pattnaik A, Sahoo BR, Pattnaik AK. Current Status of Zika Virus Vaccines: Successes and Challenges. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020266. [PMID: 32486368 PMCID: PMC7349928 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently emerged Zika virus (ZIKV) spread to the Americas, causing a spectrum of congenital diseases including microcephaly in newborn and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in adults. The unprecedented nature of the epidemic and serious diseases associated with the viral infections prompted the global research community to understand the immunopathogenic mechanisms of the virus and rapidly develop safe and efficacious vaccines. This has led to a number of ZIKV vaccine candidates that have shown significant promise in human clinical trials. These candidates include nucleic acid vaccines, inactivated vaccines, viral-vectored vaccines, and attenuated vaccines. Additionally, a number of vaccine candidates have been shown to protect animals in preclinical studies. However, as the epidemic has waned in the last three years, further development of the most promising vaccine candidates faces challenges in clinical efficacy trials, which is needed before a vaccine is brought to licensure. It is important that a coalition of government funding agencies and private sector companies is established to move forward with a safe and effective vaccine ready for deployment when the next ZIKV epidemic occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryamav Pattnaik
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (A.P.); (B.R.S.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Bikash R. Sahoo
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (A.P.); (B.R.S.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Asit K. Pattnaik
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (A.P.); (B.R.S.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-472-1067
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35
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Chang YH, Chiao DJ, Hsu YL, Lin CC, Wu HL, Shu PY, Chang SF, Chang JH, Kuo SC. Mosquito Cell-Derived Japanese Encephalitis Virus-Like Particles Induce Specific Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Mice. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030336. [PMID: 32204533 PMCID: PMC7150764 DOI: 10.3390/v12030336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the major cause of an acute encephalitis syndrome in many Asian countries, despite the fact that an effective vaccine has been developed. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self-assembled multi-subunit protein structures which possess specific epitope antigenicities related to corresponding native viruses. These properties mean that VLPs are considered safe antigens that can be used in clinical applications. In this study, we developed a novel baculovirus/mosquito (BacMos) expression system which potentially enables the scalable production of JEV genotype III (GIII) VLPs (which are secreted from mosquito cells). The mosquito-cell-derived JEV VLPs comprised 30-nm spherical particles as well as precursor membrane protein (prM) and envelope (E) proteins with densities that ranged from 30% to 55% across a sucrose gradient. We used IgM antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to assess the resemblance between VLPs and authentic virions and thereby characterized the epitope specific antigenicity of VLPs. VLP immunization was found to elicit a specific immune response toward a balanced IgG2a/IgG1 ratio. This response effectively neutralized both JEV GI and GIII and elicited a mixed Th1/Th2 response in mice. This study supports the development of mosquito cell-derived JEV VLPs to serve as candidate vaccines against JEV.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Cell Line
- Culicidae/virology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/immunology
- Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/ultrastructure
- Encephalitis, Japanese/immunology
- Encephalitis, Japanese/virology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Epitopes/immunology
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Humoral
- Mice
- Neutralization Tests
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
- Virion
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiu Chang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (D.-J.C.); (Y.-L.H.); (C.-C.L.); (H.-L.W.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Der-Jiang Chiao
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (D.-J.C.); (Y.-L.H.); (C.-C.L.); (H.-L.W.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Yu-Lin Hsu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (D.-J.C.); (Y.-L.H.); (C.-C.L.); (H.-L.W.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Chang-Chi Lin
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (D.-J.C.); (Y.-L.H.); (C.-C.L.); (H.-L.W.); (J.-H.C.)
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Ling Wu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (D.-J.C.); (Y.-L.H.); (C.-C.L.); (H.-L.W.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Pei-Yun Shu
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11561, Taiwan; (P.-Y.S.); (S.-F.C.)
| | - Shu-Fen Chang
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11561, Taiwan; (P.-Y.S.); (S.-F.C.)
| | - Jui-Huan Chang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (D.-J.C.); (Y.-L.H.); (C.-C.L.); (H.-L.W.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Szu-Cheng Kuo
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (D.-J.C.); (Y.-L.H.); (C.-C.L.); (H.-L.W.); (J.-H.C.)
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-8177-7038 (ext. 19946)
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Saxena A, Ravutla S, Upadhyay V, Jana S, Murhammer D, Giri L. Statistical modeling of cell-to-cell variability in viral infection during passaging in suspension cell culture: Application in Monte-Carlo simulation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1483-1501. [PMID: 32017023 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Packaging during the passaging of viruses in cell cultures yields various phenotypes and is regulated by viral protein expression in infected cells. Although such a packaging mechanism has a profound effect in controlling the virus yield, little is known about the underlying statistical models followed by virus packaging and protein expression among cells infected with the virus. A predictive framework combining identification of the probability density function (PDF) based on log-likelihood and using the PDF for Monte-Carlo simulations is developed. The Birnbaum-Saunders distribution was found to be consistent with all three-virus packaging levels, including nucleocapsids/occlusion-derived virus (ODV), ODVs/polyhedra, and polyhedra/cell for both wild-type and genetically modified AcMNPV. Next, it was demonstrated that PDF fitting could be used to compare two viruses having distinctly different genetic configurations. Finally, the identified PDF can be incorporated in RNA synthesis parameters for baculovirus infection to predict the cell-to-cell variability in protein expression using Monte-Carlo simulations. The proposed tool can be used for the estimation of uncertainty in the kinetic parameter and prediction of cell-to-cell variability for other biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abha Saxena
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suryateja Ravutla
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vikas Upadhyay
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Soumya Jana
- Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - David Murhammer
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Lopamudra Giri
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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The Capsid Protein of Semliki Forest Virus Antagonizes RNA Interference in Mammalian Cells. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01233-19. [PMID: 31694940 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01233-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved antiviral immune defense in eukaryotes, and numerous viruses have been found to encode viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs) to counteract antiviral RNAi. Alphaviruses are a large group of positive-stranded RNA viruses that maintain their transmission and life cycles in both mosquitoes and mammals. However, there is little knowledge about how alphaviruses antagonize RNAi in both host organisms. In this study, we identified that Semliki Forest virus (SFV) capsid protein can efficiently suppress RNAi in both insect and mammalian cells by sequestrating double-stranded RNA and small interfering RNA. More importantly, when the VSR activity of SFV capsid was inactivated by reverse genetics, the resulting VSR-deficient SFV mutant showed severe replication defects in mammalian cells, which could be rescued by blocking the RNAi pathway. Besides, capsid protein of Sindbis virus also inhibited RNAi in cells. Together, our findings show that SFV uses capsid protein as VSR to antagonize RNAi in infected mammalian cells, and this mechanism is probably used by other alphaviruses, which shed new light on the knowledge of SFV and alphavirus.IMPORTANCE Alphaviruses are a genus of positive-stranded RNA viruses and include numerous important human pathogens, such as Chikungunya virus, Ross River virus, Western equine encephalitis virus, etc., which create the emerging and reemerging public health threat worldwide. RNA interference (RNAi) is one of the most important antiviral mechanisms in plants and insects. Accumulating evidence has provided strong support for the existence of antiviral RNAi in mammals. In response to antiviral RNAi, viruses have evolved to encode viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs) to antagonize the RNAi pathway. It is unclear whether alphaviruses encode VSRs that can suppress antiviral RNAi during their infection in mammals. In this study, we first uncovered that capsid protein encoded by Semliki Forest virus (SFV), a prototypic alphavirus, had a potent VSR activity that can antagonize antiviral RNAi in the context of SFV infection in mammalian cells, and this mechanism is probably used by other alphaviruses.
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Shu T, Gan T, Bai P, Wang X, Qian Q, Zhou H, Cheng Q, Qiu Y, Yin L, Zhong J, Zhou X. Ebola virus VP35 has novel NTPase and helicase-like activities. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:5837-5851. [PMID: 31066445 PMCID: PMC6582406 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) is a non-segmented, negative-sense RNA virus (NNSV) in the family Filoviridae, and is recognized as one of the most lethal pathogens in the planet. For RNA viruses, cellular or virus-encoded RNA helicases play pivotal roles in viral life cycles by remodelling viral RNA structures and/or unwinding viral dsRNA produced during replication. However, no helicase or helicase-like activity has ever been found to associate with any NNSV-encoded proteins, and it is unknown whether the replication of NNSVs requires the participation of any viral or cellular helicase. Here, we show that despite of containing no conserved NTPase/helicase motifs, EBOV VP35 possesses the NTPase and helicase-like activities that can hydrolyse all types of NTPs and unwind RNA helices in an NTP-dependent manner, respectively. Moreover, guanidine hydrochloride, an FDA-approved compound and inhibitor of certain viral helicases, inhibited the NTPase and helicase-like activities of VP35 as well as the replication/transcription of an EBOV minigenome replicon in cells, highlighting the importance of VP35 helicase-like activity during EBOV life cycle. Together, our findings provide the first demonstration of the NTPase/helicase-like activity encoded by EBOV, and would foster our understanding of EBOV and NNSVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Tianyu Gan
- Unit of Viral Hepatitis, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, CAS, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.,Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory, Mega-Science Center for Bio-Safety Research, CAS, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Qi Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.,Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory, Mega-Science Center for Bio-Safety Research, CAS, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.,Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory, Mega-Science Center for Bio-Safety Research, CAS, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.,Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory, Mega-Science Center for Bio-Safety Research, CAS, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Lei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Jin Zhong
- Unit of Viral Hepatitis, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, CAS, Shanghai 200031, China.,Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory, Mega-Science Center for Bio-Safety Research, CAS, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.,Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory, Mega-Science Center for Bio-Safety Research, CAS, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
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Garg H, Mehmetoglu-Gurbuz T, Ruddy GM, Joshi A. Capsid containing virus like particle vaccine against Zika virus made from a stable cell line. Vaccine 2019; 37:7123-7131. [PMID: 31607605 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus infection during pregnancy is associated with severe birth defects including microcephaly in the new born. The lack of specific treatment calls for the development of a safe and effective vaccine for use in pregnant women. We recently tested the efficacy of a Virus Like Particle (VLP) vaccine for Zika virus in mice and found that Capsid-preMembrane-Env (CprME) VLPs generated a better neutralizing antibody response than preMembrane-Env (prME) VLPs. The superiority of CprME VLPs suggested that inclusion of capsid in the vaccine may enhance the immune response. However, production of CprME VLPs requires co-expression of NS2B-3 protease, which creates a major hurdle for generation of stable cell lines. To overcome this limitation, we generated a bicistronic vector that expresses CprME and NS2B-3 using an IRES sequence. This bicistronic expression cassette, in a lentiviral vector, was used to create a stable cell line that constitutively secretes CprME VLPs. The expression of NS2B-3, presence of capsid in the secreted VLPs, efficiency of VLP release, and stability of the cell line was extensively tested. Antigen sparing studies in mice using prME and CprME VLPs, both derived from stable cell lines, confirmed the superiority of CprME VLPs in generation of neutralizing antibody response. Capsid specific antibodies were detected in CprME VLP immunized mice providing mechanistic insights into the superiority of these VLPs. Challenge of CprME VLP immunized mice with Zika PRVABC59 showed complete protection against day 3 viremia further validating the efficacy of the vaccine. Our study is the first to generate a stable cell line secreting Zika CprME VLPs via natural NS2B-3 cleavage, demonstrate incorporation of capsid in CprME VLPs and complete protection in challenge studies. This is a major advancement for the Zika vaccine platform that is safe for use in pregnant women and readily scalable for use in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Garg
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA.
| | - Tugba Mehmetoglu-Gurbuz
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Gregory M Ruddy
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Anjali Joshi
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA.
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Virus-Like Particle Systems for Vaccine Development against Viruses in the Flaviviridae Family. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040123. [PMID: 31547131 PMCID: PMC6963367 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses in the Flaviviridae family are important human and animal pathogens that impose serious threats to global public health. This family of viruses includes emerging and re-emerging viruses, most of which are transmitted by infected mosquito or tick bites. Currently, there is no protective vaccine or effective antiviral treatment against the majority of these viruses, and due to their growing spread, several strategies have been employed to manufacture prophylactic vaccines against these infectious agents including virus-like particle (VLP) subunit vaccines. VLPs are genomeless viral particles that resemble authentic viruses and contain critical repetitive conformational structures on their surface that can trigger the induction of both humoral and cellular responses, making them safe and ideal vaccine candidates against these viruses. In this review, we focus on the potential of the VLP platform in the current vaccine development against the medically important viruses in the Flaviviridae family.
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Development of a Combined Genetic Engineering Vaccine for Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae by a Baculovirus Expression System. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184425. [PMID: 31505747 PMCID: PMC6770761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are the main pathogens for mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) and post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), respectively. Infection by these pathogens often happens together and causes great economic losses. In this study, a kind of recombinant baculovirus that can display P97R1P46P42 chimeric protein of Mhp and the capsid (Cap) protein of PCV2 was developed, and the protein location was identified. Another recombinant baculovirus was constructed without tag proteins (EGFP, mCherry) and was used to evaluate the immune effect in experiments with BALB/c mice and domestic piglets. Antigen proteins P97R1P46P42 and Cap were expressed successfully; both were anchored on the plasma membrane of cells and the viral envelope. It should be emphasized that in piglet immunization, the recombinant baculovirus vaccine achieved similar immunological effects as the mixed commercial vaccine. Both the piglet and mouse experiments showed that the recombinant baculovirus was able to induce humoral and cellular responses effectively. The results of this study indicate that this recombinant baculovirus is a potential candidate for the further development of more effective combined genetic engineering vaccines against MPS and PMWS. This experiment also provides ideas for vaccine development for other concomitant diseases using the baculovirus expression system.
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Hu L, Li Y, Deng F, Hu Z, Wang H, Wang M. Improving Baculovirus Transduction of Mammalian Cells by Incorporation of Thogotovirus Glycoproteins. Virol Sin 2019; 34:454-466. [PMID: 31201733 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Baculovirus can transduce a wide range of mammalian cells and is considered a promising gene therapy vector. However, the low transduction efficiency of baculovirus into many mammalian cells limits its practical application. Co-expressing heterologous viral glycoproteins (GPs), such as vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (VSV G), with baculovirus native envelope protein GP64 is one of the feasible strategies for improving virus transduction. Tick-borne thogotoviruses infect mammals and their GPs share sequence/structure homology and common evolutionary origins with baculovirus GP64. Herein, we tested whether thogotovirus GPs could facilitate the entry of the prototype baculovirus Autographa californica multiple multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) into mammalian cells. The gp genes of two thogotoviruses, Thogoto virus and Dhori virus, were inserted into the AcMNPV genome. Both GPs were properly expressed and incorporated into the envelope of the recombinant AcMNPVs. The transduction rates of recombinant AcMNPVs expressing the two thogotovirus GPs increased for approximately 4-12 fold compared to the wild type AcMNPV in six of the 12 tested mammalian cell lines. It seemed that thogotovirus GPs provide the recombinant AcMNPVs with different cell tropisms and showed better performance in several mammalian cells compared to VSV G incorporated AcMNPV. Further studies showed that the improved transduction was a result of augmented virus-endosome fusion and endosome escaping, rather than increased cell binding or internalization. We found the AcMNPV envelope protein GP64-mediated fusion was enhanced by the thogotovirus GPs at relatively higher pH conditions. Therefore, the thogotovirus GPs represent novel candidates to improve baculovirus-based gene delivery vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yimeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Manli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Krol E, Brzuska G, Szewczyk B. Production and Biomedical Application of Flavivirus-like Particles. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:1202-1216. [PMID: 31003718 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Many viruses belonging to the Flaviviridae family are transmitted by invertebrate vectors. Among those transmitted by mosquitos, there are many human pathogens of great medical importance, such as Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, dengue virus, Zika virus, or yellow fever virus. Millions of people contract mosquito-borne diseases each year, leading to thousands of deaths. Co-circulation of genetically similar flaviviruses in the same areas result in the generation of crossreactive antibodies, which is of serious concern for the development of effective vaccines and diagnostic tests. This review provides comprehensive insight into the potential use of virus-like particles as safe and effective antigens in both diagnostics tests, as well as in the development of vaccines against several mosquito-borne flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Krol
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Gabriela Brzuska
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Szewczyk
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland.
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Ghaffar KA, Ng LFP, Renia L. Fast Tracks and Roadblocks for Zika Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6040077. [PMID: 30469444 PMCID: PMC6313897 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In early 2014, a relatively obscure virus, the Zika virus, made headlines worldwide following an increase in the number of congenital malformations. Since then, research on Zika virus, treatment and vaccines have progressed swiftly with various drugs being repurposed and vaccines heading into clinical trials. Nonetheless, the need for a vaccine is crucial in order to eradicate this re-emerging arthropod-borne virus which remained silent since its first discovery in 1947. In this review, we focused on how the inconspicuous virus managed to spread, the key immunological factors required for a vaccine and the various vaccine platforms that are currently being studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairunnisa Abdul Ghaffar
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore.
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore.
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK.
| | - Laurent Renia
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore.
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Garg H, Mehmetoglu-Gurbuz T, Joshi A. Recent Advances in Zika Virus Vaccines. Viruses 2018; 10:v10110631. [PMID: 30441757 PMCID: PMC6267279 DOI: 10.3390/v10110631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections and associated microcephaly in newborns has resulted in an unprecedented effort by researchers to target this virus. Significant advances have been made in developing vaccine candidates, treatment strategies and diagnostic assays in a relatively short period of time. Being a preventable disease, the first line of defense against ZIKV would be to vaccinate the highly susceptible target population, especially pregnant women. Along those lines, several vaccine candidates including purified inactivated virus (PIV), live attenuated virus (LAV), virus like particles (VLP), DNA, modified RNA, viral vectors and subunit vaccines have been in the pipeline with several advancing to clinical trials. As the primary objective of Zika vaccination is the prevention of vertical transmission of the virus to the unborn fetus, the safety and efficacy requirements for this vaccine remain unique when compared to other diseases. This review will discuss these recent advances in the field of Zika vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Garg
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Science, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA.
| | - Tugba Mehmetoglu-Gurbuz
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Science, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA.
| | - Anjali Joshi
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Science, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA.
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Establishment of Baculovirus-Expressed VLPs Induced Syncytial Formation Assay for Flavivirus Antiviral Screening. Viruses 2018; 10:v10070365. [PMID: 29997331 PMCID: PMC6071280 DOI: 10.3390/v10070365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The baculovirus-insect cell expression system has been widely used for heterologous protein expression and virus-like particles (VLPs) expression. In this study, we established a new method for antiviral screening targeting to glycoprotein E of flaviviruses based on the baculovirus expression system. ZIKV is a mosquito-borne flavivirus and has posed great threat to the public health. It has been reported that ZIKV infection was associated with microcephaly and serious neurological complications. Our study showed that either ZIKV E or prME protein expressed in insect cells can form VLPs and induce membrane fusion between insect cells. Therefore, the E protein, which is responsible for receptor binding, attachment, and virus fusion during viral entry, achieved proper folding and retained its fusogenic ability in VLPs when expressed in this system. The syncytia in insect cells were significantly reduced by the anti-ZIKV-E specific polyclonal antibody in a dose-dependent manner. AMS, a thiol-conjugating reagent, was also shown to have an inhibitory effect on the E protein induced syncytia and inhibited ZIKV infection by blocking viral entry. Indeed the phenomenon of syncytial formation induced by E protein expressed VLPs in insect cells is common among flaviviruses, including Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2), and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). This inhibition effect on syncytial formation can be developed as a novel, safe, and simple antiviral screening approach for inhibitory antibodies, peptides, or small molecules targeting to E protein of ZIKV and other flaviviruses.
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