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Vincent KF, Zhang ER, Cho AJ, Kato-Miyabe R, Mallari OG, Moody OA, Obert DP, Park GH, Solt K. Electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area restores consciousness from sevoflurane-, dexmedetomidine-, and fentanyl-induced unconsciousness in rats. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:687-697. [PMID: 38821397 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are crucially involved in regulating arousal, making them a potential target for reversing general anesthesia. Electrical deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the VTA restores consciousness in animals anesthetized with drugs that primarily enhance GABAA receptors. However, it is unknown if VTA DBS restores consciousness in animals anesthetized with drugs that target other receptors. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of VTA DBS in restoring consciousness after exposure to four anesthetics with distinct receptor targets. METHODS Sixteen adult Sprague-Dawley rats (8 female, 8 male) with bipolar electrodes implanted in the VTA were exposed to dexmedetomidine, fentanyl, ketamine, or sevoflurane to produce loss of righting, a proxy for unconsciousness. After receiving the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, SCH-23390, or saline (vehicle), DBS was initiated at 30 μA and increased by 10 μA until reaching a maximum of 100 μA. The current that evoked behavioral arousal and restored righting was recorded for each anesthetic and compared across drug (saline/SCH-23390) condition. Electroencephalogram, heart rate and pulse oximetry were recorded continuously. RESULTS VTA DBS restored righting after sevoflurane, dexmedetomidine, and fentanyl-induced unconsciousness, but not ketamine-induced unconsciousness. D1 receptor antagonism diminished the efficacy of VTA stimulation following sevoflurane and fentanyl, but not dexmedetomidine. CONCLUSIONS Electrical DBS of the VTA restores consciousness in animals anesthetized with mechanistically distinct drugs, excluding ketamine. The involvement of the D1 receptor in mediating this effect is anesthetic-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen F Vincent
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Edlyn R Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angel J Cho
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Risako Kato-Miyabe
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia G Mallari
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia A Moody
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David P Obert
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gwi H Park
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ken Solt
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Jia Q, Duan Y, Liu Y, Liu J, Luo J, Song Y, Xu Z, Zhang K, Shan J, Mo F, Wang M, Wang Y, Cai X. High-Performance Bidirectional Microelectrode Array for Assessing Sevoflurane Anesthesia Effects and In Situ Electrical Stimulation in Deep Brain Regions. ACS Sens 2024. [PMID: 38779969 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Precise assessment of wakefulness states during sevoflurane anesthesia and timely arousal are of paramount importance to refine the control of anesthesia. To tackle this issue, a bidirectional implantable microelectrode array (MEA) is designed with the capability to detect electrophysiological signal and perform in situ deep brain stimulation (DBS) within the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) of mice. The MEA, modified with platinum nanoparticles/IrOx nanocomposites, exhibits exceptional characteristics, featuring low impedance, minimal phase delay, substantial charge storage capacity, high double-layer capacitance, and longer in vivo lifetime, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of spike firing detection and electrical stimulation (ES) effectiveness. Using this MEA, sevoflurane-inhibited neurons and sevoflurane-excited neurons, together with changes in the oscillation characteristics of the local field potential within the DMH, are revealed as indicative markers of arousal states. During the arousal period, varying-frequency ESs are applied to the DMH, eliciting distinct arousal effects. Through in situ detection and stimulation, the disparity between these outcomes can be attributed to the influence of DBS on different neurons. These advancements may further our understanding of neural circuits and their potential applications in clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yiming Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yaoyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Juntao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jinping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yilin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zhaojie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jin Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Fan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Mixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xinxia Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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Wasilczuk AZ, Rinehart C, Aggarwal A, Stone ME, Mashour GA, Avidan MS, Kelz MB, Proekt A. Hormonal basis of sex differences in anesthetic sensitivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312913120. [PMID: 38190526 PMCID: PMC10801881 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312913120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
General anesthesia-a pharmacologically induced reversible state of unconsciousness-enables millions of life-saving procedures. Anesthetics induce unconsciousness in part by impinging upon sexually dimorphic and hormonally sensitive hypothalamic circuits regulating sleep and wakefulness. Thus, we hypothesized that anesthetic sensitivity should be sex-dependent and modulated by sex hormones. Using distinct behavioral measures, we show that at identical brain anesthetic concentrations, female mice are more resistant to volatile anesthetics than males. Anesthetic sensitivity is bidirectionally modulated by testosterone. Castration increases anesthetic resistance. Conversely, testosterone administration acutely increases anesthetic sensitivity. Conversion of testosterone to estradiol by aromatase is partially responsible for this effect. In contrast, oophorectomy has no effect. To identify the neuronal circuits underlying sex differences, we performed whole brain c-Fos activity mapping under anesthesia in male and female mice. Consistent with a key role of the hypothalamus, we found fewer active neurons in the ventral hypothalamic sleep-promoting regions in females than in males. In humans, we demonstrate that females regain consciousness and recover cognition faster than males after identical anesthetic exposures. Remarkably, while behavioral and neurocognitive measures in mice and humans point to increased anesthetic resistance in females, cortical activity fails to show sex differences under anesthesia in either species. Cumulatively, we demonstrate that sex differences in anesthetic sensitivity are evolutionarily conserved and not reflected in conventional electroencephalographic-based measures of anesthetic depth. This covert resistance to anesthesia may explain the higher incidence of unintended awareness under general anesthesia in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Z. Wasilczuk
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Neuroscience of Unconsciousness and Reanimation Research Alliance, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Cole Rinehart
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Neuroscience of Unconsciousness and Reanimation Research Alliance, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Adeeti Aggarwal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Neuroscience of Unconsciousness and Reanimation Research Alliance, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Martha E. Stone
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Neuroscience of Unconsciousness and Reanimation Research Alliance, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - George A. Mashour
- Center for Consciousness Science, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48105
| | - Michael S. Avidan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Max B. Kelz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Neuroscience of Unconsciousness and Reanimation Research Alliance, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Alex Proekt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Neuroscience of Unconsciousness and Reanimation Research Alliance, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - ReCCognition Study Group
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Center for Consciousness Science, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48105
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
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Carter JS, Costa CC, Kearns AM, Reichel CM. Inhibition of Estradiol Signaling in the Basolateral Amygdala Impairs Extinction Memory Recall for Heroin-Conditioned Cues in a Sex-Specific Manner. Neuroendocrinology 2023; 114:207-222. [PMID: 37848008 PMCID: PMC10922099 DOI: 10.1159/000534647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Relapse is a major treatment barrier for opioid use disorder. Environmental cues become associated with the rewarding effects of opioids and can precipitate relapse, even after numerous unreinforced cue presentations, due to deficits in extinction memory recall (EMR). Estradiol (E2) modulates EMR of fear-related cues, but it is unknown whether E2 impacts EMR of reward cues and what brain region(s) are responsible for E2s effects. Here, we hypothesize that inhibition of E2 signaling in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) will impair EMR of a heroin-associated cue in both male and female rats. METHODS We pharmacologically manipulated E2 signaling to characterize the role of E2 in the BLA on heroin-cue EMR. Following heroin self-administration, during which a light/tone cue was co-presented with each heroin infusion, rats underwent cued extinction to extinguish the conditioned association between the light/tone and heroin. During extinction, E2 signaling in the BLA was blocked by an aromatase inhibitor or specific estrogen receptor (ER) antagonists. The next day, subjects underwent a cued test to assess heroin-cue EMR. RESULTS In both experiments, females took more heroin than males (mg/kg) and had higher operant responding during cued extinction. Inhibition of E2 synthesis in the BLA impaired heroin-cue EMR in both sexes. Notably, E2s actions are mediated by different ER mechanisms, ERα in males but ERβ in females. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate a behavioral role for centrally-produced E2 in the BLA and that E2 also impacts EMR of reward-associated stimuli in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan S. Carter
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Caitlyn C. Costa
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Angela M. Kearns
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Carmela M. Reichel
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Fan P, Lu Y, Wei H, Wang K, Jia P, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang T, Yang L, Zhao J, Zhang S, Lu H, Chen X, Liu Y, Zhang P. Metformin attenuates sevoflurane-induced neurogenesis damage and cognitive impairment: involvement of the Nrf2/G6PD pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2037-2053. [PMID: 37119382 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Anesthetics such as sevoflurane are commonly administered to infants and children. However, the possible neurotoxicity caused by prolonged or repetitive exposure to it should be a concern. The neuroprotective effects of metformin are observed in many models of neurological disorders. In this study, we investigated whether metformin could reduce the developmental neurotoxicity induced by sevoflurane exposure in neonatal rats and the potential mechanism. Postnatal day 7 (PND 7) Sprague-Dawley rats and neural stem cells (NSCs) were treated with normal saline or metformin before sevoflurane exposure. The Morris water maze (MWM) was used to observe spatial memory and learning at PND 35-42. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus at PND 14. MTT assays, immunofluorescence staining, and TUNEL staining were used to assess the viability, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of NSCs. Western blotting and ELISA were used to assess the protein expression of cleaved caspase-3, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) pathway-related molecules. Exposure to sevoflurane resulted in late cognitive defects, impaired neurogenesis in both the SVZ and SGZ, reduced NSC viability and proliferation, increased NSC apoptosis, and decreased protein expression of G6PD in vitro. Metformin pretreatment attenuated sevoflurane-induced cognitive functional decline and neurogenesis inhibition. Metformin pretreatment also increased the protein expression of Nrf2 and G6PD. However, treatment with the Nrf2 inhibitor, ML385 or the G6PD inhibitor, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) reversed the protective effect of metformin on sevoflurane-induced NSC damage in vitro. Our findings suggested that metformin could reduce sevoflurane-induced neurogenesis damage and neurocognitive defects in the developing rat brain by influencing the Nrf2/G6PD signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 # West 5 road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Yuying Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 # West 5 road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Haidong Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 # West 5 road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 # West 5 road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Pengyu Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 # West 5 road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 # West 5 road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 # West 5 road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Tianyue Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 # West 5 road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Liufei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 # West 5 road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 # West 5 road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Shuyue Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 # Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Haixia Lu
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 # Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 # Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 # Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Pengbo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 # West 5 road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China.
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Liu T, Zhang X, Li A, Liu T, Yang X, Zhang H, Lei Y, Yang Q, Dong H. Effects of intra-operative administration of subanesthetic s-ketamine on emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:221. [PMID: 37353750 PMCID: PMC10288804 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketamine is administered in the perioperative period for its benefits in analgesia, anti-agitation and anti-depression when administered at a small dose. However, it is not clear whether the intra-operative administration of ketamine would affect emergence under sevoflurane anesthesia. To investigate this effect, we designed this trial. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we enrolled 44 female patients aged 18-60 who were scheduled to elective laparoscopic gynecological surgeries. All patients were randomly assigned to saline or s-ketamine group. In s-ketamine group, patients received 0.125 mg/kg s-ketamine 30 min after the start of surgery. In saline group, patients were administered the same volume of saline. Sevoflurane and remifentanil were used to maintain general anesthesia. The primary outcome was emergence time. We also assessed postoperative agitation, cognitive function, and delirium. In addition, we collected and analyzed prefrontal electroencephalogram (EEG) during and after general anesthesia. RESULTS There were no significant differences in emergence time between s-ketamine group and saline group (10.80 ± 3.77 min vs. 10.00 ± 2.78 min, P = 0.457). Neither postoperative agitation (4 [3, 4] vs. 4 [3, 4], P = 0.835) nor cognitive function (25.84 ± 2.69 vs. 25.55 ± 2.19, P = 0.412) differed between groups. No postoperative delirium was observed in either group. Subanesthetic s-ketamine resulted in active EEG with decreased power of slow (-0.35 ± 1.13 dB vs. -1.63 ± 1.03 dB, P = 0.003), delta (-0.22 ± 1.11 dB vs. -1.32 ± 1.09 dB, P = 0.011) and alpha (-0.31 ± 0.71 dB vs. -1.71 ± 1.34 dB, P = 0.0003) waves and increased power of beta-gamma bands (-0.30 ± 0.89 dB vs. 4.20 ± 2.08 dB, P < 0.0001) during sevoflurane anesthesia, as well as an increased alpha peak frequency (-0.16 ± 0.48 Hz vs. 0.31 ± 0.73 Hz, P = 0.026). EEG patterns did not differ during the recovery period after emergence between groups. CONCLUSION Ketamine administered during sevoflurane anesthesia had no apparent influence on emergence time in young and middle-aged female patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Subanesthetic s-ketamine induced an active prefrontal EEG pattern during sevoflurane anesthesia but did not raise neurological side effects after surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100046479 (date: 16/05/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yanling Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Qianzi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Hailong Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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7
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Wang Y, Song Y, Tong L, Wang L, Cao J, Qin G, Liu X, Mi W, Wang E, Guo Y. GABAergic neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus regulate states of consciousness in sevoflurane anesthesia. iScience 2022; 26:105913. [PMID: 36686391 PMCID: PMC9852568 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in the regulation of anesthetic consciousness is heterogeneous, and the medial hypothalamus (MH), consisting of ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) and dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), plays an important role in sleep and circadian rhythm. However, the role of MH GABAergic neurons (MHGABA) in anesthesia remains unclear. In this study, we used righting reflex, electroencephalogram (EEG), and arousal behavioral score to evaluate the sevoflurane anesthesia. Activation of MHGABA or DMHGABA neurons prolonged the anesthesia induction time, shortened the anesthesia emergence time, and induced EEG arousal and body movement during anesthesia; meanwhile, VMHGABA neurons activated only induced EEG changes during 1.5% sevoflurane anesthesia. Furthermore, inhibition of DMHGABA neurons significantly deepened sevoflurane anesthesia. Therefore, DMHGABA neurons exert a strong emergence-promoting effect on induction, maintenance, and arousal during sevoflurane general anesthesia, which helps to reveal the mechanism of anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yanping Song
- Department of Anesthesia, 922 Hospital of PLA, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China
| | - Li Tong
- Anesthesia and Operation Centre, the First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jiangbei Cao
- Anesthesia and Operation Centre, the First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Gang Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xingyang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Weidong Mi
- Anesthesia and Operation Centre, the First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - E. Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China,Corresponding author
| | - Yongxin Guo
- Anesthesia and Operation Centre, the First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China,Corresponding author
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