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Bryl R, Nawrocki MJ, Jopek K, Kaczmarek M, Bukowska D, Antosik P, Mozdziak P, Zabel M, Dzięgiel P, Kempisty B. Transcriptomic Characterization of Genes Regulating the Stemness in Porcine Atrial Cardiomyocytes during Primary In Vitro Culture. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1223. [PMID: 37372403 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure remains a major cause of death worldwide. There is a need to establish new management options as current treatment is frequently suboptimal. Clinical approaches based on autologous stem cell transplant is potentially a good alternative. The heart was long considered an organ unable to regenerate and renew. However, several reports imply that it may possess modest intrinsic regenerative potential. To allow for detailed characterization of cell cultures, whole transcriptome profiling was performed after 0, 7, 15, and 30 days of in vitro cell cultures (IVC) from the right atrial appendage and right atrial wall utilizing microarray technology. In total, 4239 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with ratio > abs |2| and adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05 for the right atrial wall and 4662 DEGs for the right atrial appendage were identified. It was shown that a subset of DEGs, which have demonstrated some regulation of expression levels with the duration of the cell culture, were enriched in the following GO BP (Gene Ontology Biological Process) terms: "stem cell population maintenance" and "stem cell proliferation". The results were validated by RT-qPCR. The establishment and detailed characterization of in vitro culture of myocardial cells may be important for future applications of these cells in heart regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rut Bryl
- Section of Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Natural Sciences Club, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz J Nawrocki
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Karol Jopek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Division of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Anatomy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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2
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Khaksar M, Sayyari M, Rezaie J, Pouyafar A, Montazersaheb S, Rahbarghazi R. High glucose condition limited the angiogenic/cardiogenic capacity of murine cardiac progenitor cells in in vitro and in vivo milieu. Cell Biochem Funct 2018; 36:346-356. [PMID: 30051492 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Murine c-kit+ cardiac cells were isolated and enriched by magnetic activated cell sorting technique. c-kit+ cells viability and colony-forming activity were evaluated by MTT and clonogenic assay. c-kit+ cells were exposed to endothelial, pericyte, and cardiomyocyte induction media containing 30mM glucose for 7 days. We monitored the level of endothelial (VE-cadherin, CD31, and vWF), pericyte (NG2 , α-SMA, and PDGFR-β), and cardiomyocyte markers (cTnT) using flow cytometry, real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) analyses. Ultrastructural changes were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in cells treated with 5-Azacytidine and 30mM glucose. Matrigel plug assay was performed to determine the angio/cardiogenic property of c-kit+ cells in a diabetic mouse model. Glucose of 30mM decreased c-kit+ cells viability and clonogenicity (P < 0.05). The transdifferentiation capacity of c-kit+ cells into the endothelial lineage, pericytes, and cardiomyocytes were reduced through the inhibition of related genes (P < 0.05). TEM analysis revealed cardiomyocyte differentiation rate in c-kit+ cells coincided with an increased intracellular lipid accumulation and reduced number of mitochondria. Similar to in vitro condition, the angiogenic capacity of c-kit+ cells was aborted in vivo indicated by reduced NG2 , α-SMA, CD31, and vWF levels. High glucose condition reduces the angio/cardiogenic capacity of cardiac c-kit+ cells in vitro and in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: High glucose condition seen in diabetes mellitus could affect the regenerative potential of cardiac tissue. The current experiment showed that the exposure of murine cardiac progenitor cells (CD117+ cells) to condition containing 30mM glucose could decrease the differentiation properties into endothelial cells, pericytes, and mature cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. Our finding confirmed that the angiogenic/cardiogenic potential cardiac progenitor cells decrease under treatment with high glucose content as seen in the diabetic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Khaksar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mansour Sayyari
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ayda Pouyafar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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3
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Gerisch M, Smettan J, Ebert S, Athelogou M, Brand-Saberi B, Spindler N, Mueller WC, Giri S, Bader A. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Cardiac Progenitor Cells in Cases of Myocarditis and Cardiomyopathy. Front Genet 2018; 9:72. [PMID: 29559994 PMCID: PMC5845648 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify and quantify CD117+ and CD90+ endogenous cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) in human healthy and diseased hearts. We hypothesize that these cells perform a locally acting, contributing function in overcoming medical conditions of the heart by endogenous means. Human myocardium biopsies were obtained from 23 patients with the following diagnoses: Dilatative cardiomyopathy (DCM), ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), myocarditis, and controls from healthy cardiac patients. High-resolution scanning microscopy of the whole slide enabled a computer-based immunohistochemical quantification of CD117 and CD90. Those signals were evaluated by Definiens Tissue Phenomics® Technology. Co-localization of CD117 and CD90 was determined by analyzing comparable serial sections. CD117+/CD90+ cardiac cells were detected in all biopsies. The highest expression of CD90 was revealed in the myocarditis group. CD117 was significantly higher in all patient groups, compared to healthy specimens (*p < 0.05). The highest co-expression was found in the myocarditis group (6.75 ± 3.25 CD90+CD117+ cells/mm2) followed by ICM (4 ± 1.89 cells/mm2), DCM (1.67 ± 0.58 cells/mm2), and healthy specimens (1 ± 0.43 cells/mm2). We conclude that the human heart comprises a fraction of local CD117+ and CD90+ cells. We hypothesize that these cells are part of local endogenous progenitor cells due to the co-expression of CD90 and CD117. With novel digital image analysis technologies, a quantification of the CD117 and CD90 signals is available. Our experiments reveal an increase of CD117 and CD90 in patients with myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Gerisch
- Applied Stem Cell Biology and Cell Technology, Biomedical and Biotechnological Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Smettan
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabine Ebert
- Applied Stem Cell Biology and Cell Technology, Biomedical and Biotechnological Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Beate Brand-Saberi
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nick Spindler
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolf C Mueller
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shibashish Giri
- Applied Stem Cell Biology and Cell Technology, Biomedical and Biotechnological Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Munich Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - Augustinus Bader
- Applied Stem Cell Biology and Cell Technology, Biomedical and Biotechnological Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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4
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Harvey E, Zhang H, Sepúlveda P, Garcia SP, Sweeney D, Choudry FA, Castellano D, Thomas GN, Kattach H, Petersen R, Blake DJ, Taggart DP, Frontini M, Watt SM, Martin-Rendon E. Potency of Human Cardiosphere-Derived Cells from Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Is Associated with Robust Vascular Supportive Ability. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1399-1411. [PMID: 28205406 PMCID: PMC5442720 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiosphere-derived cell (CDC) infusion into damaged myocardium has shown some reparative effect; this could be improved by better selection of patients and cell subtype. CDCs isolated from patients with ischemic heart disease are able to support vessel formation in vitro but this ability varies between patients. The primary aim of our study was to investigate whether the vascular supportive function of CDCs impacts on their therapeutic potential, with the goal of improving patient stratification. A subgroup of patients produced CDCs which did not efficiently support vessel formation (poor supporter CDCs), had reduced levels of proliferation and increased senescence, despite them being isolated in the same manner and having a similar immunophenotype to CDCs able to support vessel formation. In a rodent model of myocardial infarction, poor supporter CDCs had a limited reparative effect when compared to CDCs which had efficiently supported vessel formation in vitro. This work suggests that not all patients provide cells which are suitable for cell therapy. Assessing the vascular supportive function of cells could be used to stratify which patients will truly benefit from cell therapy and those who would be better suited to an allogeneic transplant or regenerative preconditioning of their cells in a precision medicine fashion. This could reduce costs, culture times and improve clinical outcomes and patient prognosis. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1399-1411.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huajun Zhang
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,R&D Division, National Health Service (NHS)-Blood and Transplant, Oxford Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pilar Sepúlveda
- Mixed Unit for Cardiovascular Repair, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara P Garcia
- Department of Haematology.,British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,R&D Division, National Health Service (NHS)-Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Sweeney
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine.,R&D Division, National Health Service (NHS)-Blood and Transplant, Oxford Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fizzah A Choudry
- Department of Haematology.,British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Delia Castellano
- Mixed Unit for Cardiovascular Repair, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - George N Thomas
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,R&D Division, National Health Service (NHS)-Blood and Transplant, Oxford Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hassan Kattach
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Romina Petersen
- Mixed Unit for Cardiovascular Repair, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Haematology
| | - Derek J Blake
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David P Taggart
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Frontini
- Department of Haematology.,British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,R&D Division, National Health Service (NHS)-Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne M Watt
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine.,R&D Division, National Health Service (NHS)-Blood and Transplant, Oxford Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Enca Martin-Rendon
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine.,R&D Division, National Health Service (NHS)-Blood and Transplant, Oxford Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
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5
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Bruyneel AAN, Sehgal A, Malandraki-Miller S, Carr C. Stem Cell Therapy for the Heart: Blind Alley or Magic Bullet? J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2016; 9:405-418. [PMID: 27542008 PMCID: PMC5153828 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-016-9708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
When stressed by ageing or disease, the adult human heart is unable to regenerate, leading to scarring and hypertrophy and eventually heart failure. As a result, stem cell therapy has been proposed as an ultimate therapeutic strategy, as stem cells could limit adverse remodelling and give rise to new cardiomyocytes and vasculature. Unfortunately, the results from clinical trials to date have been largely disappointing. In this review, we discuss the current status of the field and describe various limitations and how future work may attempt to resolve these to make way to successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne A N Bruyneel
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Carolyn Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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6
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Salabei JK, Lorkiewicz PK, Mehra P, Gibb AA, Haberzettl P, Hong KU, Wei X, Zhang X, Li Q, Wysoczynski M, Bolli R, Bhatnagar A, Hill BG. Type 2 Diabetes Dysregulates Glucose Metabolism in Cardiac Progenitor Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:13634-48. [PMID: 27151219 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.722496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased mortality and progression to heart failure. Recent studies suggest that diabetes also impairs reparative responses after cell therapy. In this study, we examined potential mechanisms by which diabetes affects cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). CPCs isolated from the diabetic heart showed diminished proliferation, a propensity for cell death, and a pro-adipogenic phenotype. The diabetic CPCs were insulin-resistant, and they showed higher energetic reliance on glycolysis, which was associated with up-regulation of the pro-glycolytic enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3). In WT CPCs, expression of a mutant form of PFKFB, which mimics PFKFB3 activity and increases glycolytic rate, was sufficient to phenocopy the mitochondrial and proliferative deficiencies found in diabetic cells. Consistent with activation of phosphofructokinase in diabetic cells, stable isotope carbon tracing in diabetic CPCs showed dysregulation of the pentose phosphate and glycero(phospho)lipid synthesis pathways. We describe diabetes-induced dysregulation of carbon partitioning using stable isotope metabolomics-based coupling quotients, which relate relative flux values between metabolic pathways. These findings suggest that diabetes causes an imbalance in glucose carbon allocation by uncoupling biosynthetic pathway activity, which could diminish the efficacy of CPCs for myocardial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Salabei
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center
| | | | - Parul Mehra
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center
| | - Andrew A Gibb
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Physiology
| | - Petra Haberzettl
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center
| | - Kyung U Hong
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- Chemistry, the Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Chemistry, the Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202 Pharmacology and Toxicology, and
| | | | | | - Roberto Bolli
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Physiology
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Physiology, the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics
| | - Bradford G Hill
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Physiology, the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics,
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7
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PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) signatures in human cardiac progenitor cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 76:1-11. [PMID: 27131603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac progenitors, such as cardiospheres and cardiosphere-derived cells, represent an attractive cell source for cardiac regeneration. The PIWI-interacting RNAs, piRNAs, are an intriguing class of small non-coding RNAs, implicated in the regulation of epigenetic state, maintenance of genomic integrity and stem cell functions. Although non-coding RNAs are an exploiting field in cardiovascular research, the piRNA signatures of cardiac progenitors has not been evaluated yet.We profiled, through microarrays, 15,311 piRNAs expressed in cardiospheres, cardiosphere-derived cells and cardiac fibroblasts. Results showed a set of differentially expressed piRNAs (fold change ≥2, p<0.01): 641 piRNAs were upregulated and 1,301 downregulated in the cardiospheres compared to cardiosphere-derived cells, while 255 and 708 piRNAs resulted up- and down-regulated, respectively, if compared to cardiac fibroblasts. We also identified 181 piRNAs that are overexpressed and 129 are downregulated in cardiosphere-derived cells respect to cardiac fibroblasts.Bioinformatics analysis showed that the deregulated piRNAs were mainly distributed on few chromosomes, suggesting that piRNAs are organized in discrete genomic clusters.Furthermore, the bioinformatics search showed that the most upregulated piRNAs target transposons, especially belonged to LINE-1 class, as validated by qRT-PCR. This reduction is also associated to an activation of AKT signaling, which is beneficial for cardiac regeneration.The present study is the first to show a highly consistent piRNA expression pattern for human cardiac progenitors, likely responsible of their different regenerative power. Moreover, this piRNome analysis may provide new methods for characterize cardiac progenitors and may shed new light on the understanding the complex molecular mechanisms of cardiac regeneration.
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8
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Kapelios CJ, Nanas JN, Malliaras K. Allogeneic cardiosphere-derived cells for myocardial regeneration: current progress and recent results. Future Cardiol 2016; 12:87-100. [DOI: 10.2217/fca.15.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-phase clinical testing of autologous cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) has yielded intriguing results, consistent with therapeutic myocardial regeneration. However, autologous therapy is associated with significant technical, timing, economic and logistic constraints, prompting researchers to explore the potential of allogeneic CDC therapy. CDCs exhibit a favorable immunologic antigenic profile and are hypoimmunogenic in vitro. Preclinical studies in immunologically mismatched animals demonstrate that allogeneic CDC transplantation without immunosuppression is safe and produces sustained functional and structural benefits through stimulation of endogenous regenerative pathways. Currently, allogeneic human CDCs are being tested clinically in the ALLSTAR and DYNAMIC trials. Potential establishment of clinical safety and efficacy of allogeneic CDCs combined with generation of highly standardized, ‘off-the-shelf’ allogeneic cellular products would facilitate broad clinical adoption of cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Kapelios
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, University of Athens School of Medicine, 67 Mikras Asias Street, 11 527, Athens, Greece
| | - John N Nanas
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, University of Athens School of Medicine, 67 Mikras Asias Street, 11 527, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Malliaras
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, University of Athens School of Medicine, 67 Mikras Asias Street, 11 527, Athens, Greece
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9
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Inhibition of G9a Histone Methyltransferase Converts Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Cardiac Competent Progenitors. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:270428. [PMID: 26089912 PMCID: PMC4454756 DOI: 10.1155/2015/270428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The G9a histone methyltransferase inhibitor BIX01294 was examined for its ability to expand the cardiac capacity of bone marrow cells. Inhibition of G9a histone methyltransferase by gene specific knockdown or BIX01294 treatment was sufficient to induce expression of precardiac markers Mesp1 and brachyury in bone marrow cells. BIX01294 treatment also allowed bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to express the cardiac transcription factors Nkx2.5, GATA4, and myocardin when subsequently exposed to the cardiogenic stimulating factor Wnt11. Incubation of BIX01294-treated MSCs with cardiac conditioned media provoked formation of phase bright cells that exhibited a morphology and molecular profile resembling similar cells that normally form from cultured atrial tissue. Subsequent aggregation and differentiation of BIX01294-induced, MSC-derived phase bright cells provoked their cardiomyogenesis. This latter outcome was indicated by their widespread expression of the primary sarcomeric proteins muscle α-actinin and titin. MSC-derived cultures that were not initially treated with BIX01294 exhibited neither a commensurate burst of phase bright cells nor stimulation of sarcomeric protein expression. Collectively, these data indicate that BIX01294 has utility as a pharmacological agent that could enhance the ability of an abundant and accessible stem cell population to regenerate new myocytes for cardiac repair.
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10
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Ge Z, Lal S, Le TYL, Dos Remedios C, Chong JJH. Cardiac stem cells: translation to human studies. Biophys Rev 2014; 7:127-139. [PMID: 28509972 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-014-0148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of multiple classes of cardiac progenitor cells in the adult mammalian heart has generated hope for their use as a therapeutic in heart failure. However, successful results from animal models have not always yielded similar findings in human studies. Recent Phase I/II trials of c-Kit (SCIPIO) and cardiosphere-based (CADUCEUS) cardiac progenitor cells have demonstrated safety and some therapeutic efficacy. Gaps remain in our understanding of the origins, function and relationships between the different progenitor cell families, many of which are heterogeneous populations with overlapping definitions. Another challenge lies in the limitations of small animal models in replicating the human heart. Cryopreserved human cardiac tissue provides a readily available source of cardiac progenitor cells and may help address these questions. We review important findings and relative unknowns of the main classes of cardiac progenitor cells, highlighting differences between animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Ge
- Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean Lal
- Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thi Y L Le
- Department of Cardiology Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Heart Research, Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2145
| | | | - James J H Chong
- Department of Cardiology Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Centre for Heart Research, Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2145.
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11
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Ellison GM, Smith AJ, Waring CD, Henning BJ, Burdina AO, Polydorou J, Vicinanza C, Lewis FC, Nadal-Ginard B, Torella D. Adult Cardiac Stem Cells: Identity, Location and Potential. ADULT STEM CELLS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-9569-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Zakharova L, Nural-Guvener H, Nimlos J, Popovic S, Gaballa MA. Chronic heart failure is associated with transforming growth factor beta-dependent yield and functional decline in atrial explant-derived c-Kit+ cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000317. [PMID: 24088507 PMCID: PMC3835238 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac c-Kit+ cells isolated from cardiac explant-derived cells modestly improve cardiac functions after myocardial infarction; however, their full potential has not yet been realized. For instance, the majority of potential candidates for cell therapy suffer from chronic heart failure (CHF), and it is unclear how this disease affects the explant-derived progenitor cells. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of CHF on the number and phenotype of cardiac explant c-Kit+ progenitors and elucidate mechanisms of their regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Myocardial infarction was created by left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. Sham-operated animals were used as a control group. CHF-developed infarcted animals were selected on the basis of left ventricle end-diastolic pressure ≥ 20 mm Hg and scar size ≥ 30%. Here, we found that CHF atrial explants produced less c-Kit+ cells than sham explants. CHF-derived c-Kit+ cells exhibited upregulated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, increased level of epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers, and diminished expression of pluripotency markers compared with shams. We show that intervention with TGF-β signaling by inhibiting TGF-β receptor type I or Smad 2/3 using small-molecule inhibitors improved c-Kit+ cell yield, attenuated epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers, stimulated the pluripotency marker Nanog, and improved efficiency of c-Kit+ cell differentiation toward cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings suggest that TGF-β inhibition positively modulates c-Kit+ cell phenotype and function in vitro, and this strategy may be considered in optimizing cardiac progenitor function and cell expansion protocols for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Zakharova
- Center for Cardiovascular Research at Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ
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13
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Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies hold promise for regenerating the myocardium after injury. Recent data obtained from phase I clinical trials using endogenous cardiovascular progenitors isolated directly from the heart suggest that cell-based treatment for heart patients using stem cells that reside in the heart provides significant functional benefit and an improvement in patient outcome. Methods to achieve improved engraftment and regeneration may extend this therapeutic benefit. Endogenous cardiovascular progenitors have been tested extensively in small animals to identify cells that improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction. However, the relative lack of large animal models impedes translation into clinical practice. This review will exclusively focus on the latest research pertaining to humans and large animals, including both endogenous and induced sources of cardiovascular progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Fuentes
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Mary Kearns-Jonker
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Lauden L, Boukouaci W, Borlado LR, López IP, Sepúlveda P, Tamouza R, Charron D, Al-Daccak R. Allogenicity of human cardiac stem/progenitor cells orchestrated by programmed death ligand 1. Circ Res 2012; 112:451-64. [PMID: 23243206 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.276501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Transplantation of allogeneic cardiac stem/progenitor cells (CPC) in experimental myocardial infarction promoted cardiac regeneration and improved heart function. Although this has enhanced prospects of using allogeneic CPC for cardiac repair, the mechanisms regulating the behavior of these allogeneic cells, which are central to clinical applications, remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE T cells orchestrate the allogeneic adaptive immune response. Therefore, to provide insight into the mechanisms regulating the immunologic behavior of human CPC (hCPC), we investigated the allogeneic T-cell response elicited by cryopreserved c-kit-selected hCPC. METHODS AND RESULTS By using an experimental model of allogeneic stimulation, we demonstrate that, whether under inflammatory conditions or not, hCPC do not trigger conventional allogeneic Th1 or Th2 type responses but instead induce proliferation and selective expansion of suppressive CD25(high)CD127(low)human leukocyte antigen-DR(+)FoxP3(high) effector regulatory T cells. The regulatory T-cell proliferation and amplification were dependent on the interaction with the B7 family member programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is substantially expressed on hCPC and increased under inflammatory conditions. Thus, hCPC in allogeneic settings acquire the capacity to downregulate an ongoing immune response, which was dependent on PD-L1. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data reveal that hCPC in allogeneic settings have a tolerogenic immune behavior, promoting a contact PD-L1-dependent regulatory response and a PD-L1-dependent allogeneic-driven immunomodulation. Our study attributes an important role for PD-L1 in the immune behavior of allogeneic hCPC and raises the possibility of using PD-L1 expression as a marker to identify and select low-risk high-benefit allogeneic cardiac repair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lauden
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMRS940, Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, Université Paris-Diderot and Laboratoire d’Immunologie et d’Histocompatibilité, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
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