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Gao X, Dang H, Gao H, Wang J, Qian M, Feng J, Hu G, Ren G, Chen X, Cao L, Wang Z, Xiao W. Exploration of material basis: Chemical composition profile, metabolic profile and pharmacokinetic characteristics in Xingbei Zhike granule. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117582. [PMID: 38145860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
HEADINGS ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xingbei Zhike granule (XBZK), a widely prescribed Chinese patent medicine, is known for its efficacy in clearing lung qi, relieving cough and reducing phlegm, as well as fever, dry and bitter taste, and irritability. Despite its clinical popularity, comprehensive investigations into its chemical composition, in vivo metabolism, and pharmacokinetic characteristics are limited. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigates the chemical composition, in vivo metabolism, and in vivo dynamics of XBZK to clarify its material basis and pharmacokinetic characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Orbitrap-MS) was used to determine the chemical composition and in vivo metabolic profile of XBZK. Additionally, UPLC with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-TQ-MS/MS) was performed to quantify its main components and evaluate its in vivo dynamics in rat plasma. RESULTS In total, 57 components were identified in XBZK. Furthermore, 40 prototype components and 31 metabolites were detected in various biological matrices of rats, including plasma, tissues, bile, feces, and urine. After administration, the area under the curve (AUC) for ephedrine (Eph), pseudoephedrine (Peph), neotuberostemonine (Neo), amygdalin (Amy), and enoxolone (Eno) exhibited a strong linear relationship with the administered dose (r > 0.9) in all rats. And gender-related differences in the absorption of peiminine (Pmn), peimisine (Pms), and chrysin-7-O-glucuronide (Cog) were notable among rats, with male rats showing a dose-dependent pattern of absorption, while female rats exhibited minimal absorption. CONCLUSIONS XBZK contains 57 components, primarily composed of flavonoids, alkaloids, and coumarins. The eight main components were rapidly absorbed and eliminated, with some, such as Eph, Peph, Neo, Amy and Eno, following a linear pharmacokinetic pattern. Furthermore, Pmn, Pms and Cog were well absorbed in male rats, showing a dose-dependent behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Gao
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Huimin Dang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Huifang Gao
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Mengyu Qian
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Jian Feng
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Guizhou Hu
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Guoqing Ren
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Xialin Chen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China.
| | - Liang Cao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China.
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Wen J, Sui Y, Li S, Shi J, Cai S, Xiong T, Cai F, Zhou L, Zhao S, Mei X. Phenolic Profile and Bioactivity Changes of Lotus Seedpod and Litchi Pericarp Procyanidins: Effect of Probiotic Bacteria Biotransformation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1974. [PMID: 38001827 PMCID: PMC10669077 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Theoretically, lactic acid bacteria (LABs) could degrade polyphenols into small molecular compounds. In this study, the biotransformation of lotus seedpod and litchi pericarp procyanidins by Lactobacillus plantarum 90 (Lp90), Streptococcus thermophilus 81 (ST81), Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 (HN001), and Pediococcus pentosus 06 (PP06) were analysed. The growth curve results indicated that procyanidins did not significantly inhibit the proliferation of LABs. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS) revealed that procyanidin B2 and procyanidin B3 in lotus seedpod decreased by 62.85% and 25.45%, respectively, with ST81 metabolised, while kaempferol and syringetin 3-O-glucoside content increased. Although bioconversion did not increase the inhibitory function of procyanidins against glycosylation end-products in vitro, the 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) free radical scavenging capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power of litchi pericarp procyanidins increased by 157.34% and 6.8%, respectively, after ST81 biotransformation. These findings may inspire further studies of biological metabolism of other polyphenols and their effects on biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junren Wen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Agro-Product Processing Research Sub-Center of Hubei Innovation Center of Agriculture Science and Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China; (J.W.); (J.S.); (S.C.); (T.X.); (F.C.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong Sui
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Agro-Product Processing Research Sub-Center of Hubei Innovation Center of Agriculture Science and Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China; (J.W.); (J.S.); (S.C.); (T.X.); (F.C.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuyi Li
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se-Rich Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China;
| | - Jianbin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Agro-Product Processing Research Sub-Center of Hubei Innovation Center of Agriculture Science and Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China; (J.W.); (J.S.); (S.C.); (T.X.); (F.C.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Sha Cai
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Agro-Product Processing Research Sub-Center of Hubei Innovation Center of Agriculture Science and Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China; (J.W.); (J.S.); (S.C.); (T.X.); (F.C.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Tian Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Agro-Product Processing Research Sub-Center of Hubei Innovation Center of Agriculture Science and Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China; (J.W.); (J.S.); (S.C.); (T.X.); (F.C.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Fang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Agro-Product Processing Research Sub-Center of Hubei Innovation Center of Agriculture Science and Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China; (J.W.); (J.S.); (S.C.); (T.X.); (F.C.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Agro-Product Processing Research Sub-Center of Hubei Innovation Center of Agriculture Science and Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China; (J.W.); (J.S.); (S.C.); (T.X.); (F.C.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se-Rich Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China;
| | - Shengnan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Agro-Product Processing Research Sub-Center of Hubei Innovation Center of Agriculture Science and Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China; (J.W.); (J.S.); (S.C.); (T.X.); (F.C.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Xin Mei
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Agro-Product Processing Research Sub-Center of Hubei Innovation Center of Agriculture Science and Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China; (J.W.); (J.S.); (S.C.); (T.X.); (F.C.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
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Bioactive compounds from Polygonatum genus as anti-diabetic agents with future perspectives. Food Chem 2023; 408:135183. [PMID: 36566543 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most serious health problems worldwide. Species in the genus Polygonatum are traditional food and medicinal plants, which play an important role in controlling blood glucose. In this reveiw, we systematically summarized the traditional and modern applications of the genus Polygonatum in DM, focused on the material bases of polysaccharides, flavonoids and saponins. We highlighted their mechanisms of action in preventing obese diabetes, improving insulin resistance, promoting insulin secretion, regulating intestinal microecology, inhibiting advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulation, suppressing carbohydrate digestion and obsorption and modulating gluconeogenesis. Based on the safety and efficacy of this 'medicinal food' and its utility in the prevention and treatment of diabetes, we proposed a research and development program that includs diet design (supplementary food), medical nutrition therapy and new drugs, which could provide new pathways for the use of natural plants in prevention and treatment of DM.
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Tomou EM, Papakyriakopoulou P, Skaltsa H, Valsami G, Kadoglou NPE. Bio-Actives from Natural Products with Potential Cardioprotective Properties: Isolation, Identification, and Pharmacological Actions of Apigenin, Quercetin, and Silibinin. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052387. [PMID: 36903630 PMCID: PMC10005323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As a result, pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions modifying risk factors for CVDs are a top priority of scientific research. Non-pharmaceutical therapeutical approaches, including herbal supplements, have gained growing interest from researchers as part of the therapeutic strategies for primary or secondary prevention of CVDs. Several experimental studies have supported the potential effects of apigenin, quercetin, and silibinin as beneficial supplements in cohorts at risk of CVDs. Accordingly, this comprehensive review focused critically on the cardioprotective effects/mechanisms of the abovementioned three bio-active compounds from natural products. For this purpose, we have included in vitro, preclinical, and clinical studies associated with atherosclerosis and a wide variety of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, cardiac injury, and metabolic syndrome). In addition, we attempted to summarize and categorize the laboratory methods for their isolation and identification from plant extracts. This review unveiled many uncertainties which are still unexplored, such as the extrapolation of experimental results to clinical practice, mainly due to the small clinical studies, heterogeneous doses, divergent constituents, and the absence of pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Papakyriakopoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Skaltsa
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Valsami
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784 Athens, Greece
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Andrade C, Pereira DM, G M Gomes N, Ferreres F, Gil-Izquierdo A, Andrade PB, Duangsrisai S, Valentão P. Kitul, a food plant with antidiabetic-like effects: Reduction of intracellular reactive species in glucose-stimulated RIN-5F pancreatic β-cells and mitigation of pro-inflammatory mediators in activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food Res Int 2023; 167:112615. [PMID: 37087203 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Kitul (Caryota urens L.) inflorescences are broadly used for sweet sap production in Asian countries and Kitul food products are known as being suitable for diabetic patients. Considering the strong ability to inhibit α-glucosidase, we hypothesize that kitul antidiabetic properties might also involve the modulation of inflammatory pathways and hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative damage. Hence, the effects of an inflorescence's methanol extract were investigated in glucose-stimulated pancreatic cells (RIN-5F) and LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The extract reduced the overproduction of intracellular reactive species in pancreatic cells and also NO, L-citrulline and IL-6 levels in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase (IC50 = 166.1 µg/mL) through an uncompetitive manner was also recorded upon treatment with C. urens inflorescences extract. The phenolic profile of the inflorescences was characterized by HPLC-DAD, six hydroxycinnamic acids being identified and quantified. Overall, our data provide additional evidence on the pleiotropic mechanisms of Kitul inflorescences as an antidiabetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Nelson G M Gomes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Federico Ferreres
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation (REM) Group, Universidad Católica de Murcia. UCAM, Campus Los Jerónimos, s/n., 30107 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Angel Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sutsawat Duangsrisai
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Rochín-Hernández LS, Rochín-Hernández LJ, Flores-Cotera LB. Endophytes, a Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds to Curtail the Formation–Accumulation of Advanced Glycation End Products: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144469. [PMID: 35889349 PMCID: PMC9322667 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes, microorganisms that live in the internal tissues and organs of the plants, are known to produce numerous bioactive compounds, including, at times, some phytochemicals of their host plant. For such reason, endophytes have been quoted as a potential source for discovering bioactive compounds, particularly, of medical interest. Currently, many non-communicable diseases are threatening global human health, noticeably: diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and other ailment related to chronic inflammation and ageing. Intriguingly, the pathogenesis and development of these diseases have been linked to an excessive formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are a heterogeneous group of compounds that can alter the conformation, function, and lifetime of proteins. Therefore, compounds that prevent the formation and consequent accumulation of AGEs (AntiAGEs compounds) could be useful to delay the progress of some chronic diseases, and/or harmful effects of undue AGEs accumulation. Despite the remarkable ability of endophytes to produce bioactive compounds, most of the natural antiAGEs compounds reported in the literature are derived from plants. Accordingly, this work covers 26 plant antiAGEs compounds and some derivatives that have been reported as endophytic metabolites, and discusses the importance, possible advantages, and challenges of using endophytes as a potential source of antiAGEs compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lory Sthephany Rochín-Hernández
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Lory Jhenifer Rochín-Hernández
- Department of Biomedicine and Molecular Biology, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Luis Bernardo Flores-Cotera
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City 07360, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-13499526
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Natural aldose reductase inhibitors for treatment and prevention of diabetic cataract: A review. HERBA POLONICA 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2022-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Introduction: Aldose reductase (AR) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of glucose to sorbitol responsible for the development of diabetic complications like cataracts. Medicinal plants contain several phytocompounds that can inhibit this enzyme.
Objective: The purpose of this review is to cite medicinal plants that have been tested for their ability to inhibit aldose reductase and consequently prevent cataracts and classify the major isolated compounds that have this activity.
Methods: We reviewed 154 articles published between 1954 and 2020 in English via three databases: ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and PubMed. We have classified the plants that showed a significant anti-cataract effect, in the form of a list including the scientific and family names of each plant. Also, we have cited the IC50 values and the active constituents of each plant that showed inhibitory activity towards AR.
Results: We have described 38 herbs belonging to 29 families. Besides, 47 isolated compounds obtained from the cited herbs have shown an AR inhibitory effect: luteolin, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, apigenin, 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl-epi-quinic acid, delphinidin 3-O-β-galactopyranoside-3’-O-β-glucopyranoside, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester, andrographolide, 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 7-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-methyl-8-β-O-D-glucoside-2H-chromen-2-one, E-4-(60-hydroxyhex-30-en-1-yl)phenyl propionate, delphinidin 3-O-β-galactopyranoside-3’,5’-di-O-β-glucopyranoside, 1,2,3-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanol, (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methanol, trans-anethole, gallic acid 4-O-β-D-(6’-O-galloyl)-glucoside, β-glucogallin, puerariafuran, quercetin, gallic acid 4-O-β-D-glucoside, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone, protocatechuic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid and syringic acid.
Conclusion: natural therapy becomes an interesting alternative in the treatment and prevention of cataract by using medicinal plants rich in active compounds considered as AR inhibitors.
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Bailly C. Anticancer Properties of Lobetyolin, an Essential Component of Radix Codonopsis (Dangshen). NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:143-153. [PMID: 33161560 PMCID: PMC7981376 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lobetyolin (LBT) is a polyacetylene glycoside found in diverse medicinal plants but mainly isolated from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula, known as Radix Codonopsis or Dangshen. Twelve traditional Chinese medicinal preparations containing Radix Codonopsis were identified; they are generally used to tonify spleen and lung Qi and occasionally to treat cancer. Here we have reviewed the anticancer properties of Codonopsis extracts, LBT and structural analogs. Lobetyolin and lobetyolinin are the mono- and bis-glucosylated forms of the polyacetylenic compound lobetyol. Lobetyol and LBT have shown activities against several types of cancer (notably gastric cancer) and we examined the molecular basis of their activity. A down-regulation of glutamine metabolism by LBT has been evidenced, contributing to drug-induced apoptosis and tumor growth inhibition. LBT markedly reduces both mRNA and protein expression of the amino acid transporter Alanine-Serine-Cysteine Transporter 2 (ASCT2). Other potential targets are proposed here, based on the structural analogy with other anticancer compounds. LBT and related polyacetylene glycosides should be further considered as potential anticancer agents, but more work is needed to evaluate their efficacy, toxicity, and risk-benefit ratio.
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Qiu L, Guo C. Natural Aldose Reductase Inhibitor: A Potential Therapeutic Agent for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:599-609. [PMID: 31589122 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666191007111712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) has been reported to be involved in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hepatic AR is induced under hyperglycemia condition and converts excess glucose to lipogenic fructose, which contributes in part to the accumulation of fat in the liver cells of diabetes rodents. In addition, the hyperglycemia-induced AR or nutrition-induced AR causes suppression of the transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and reduced lipolysis in the liver, which also contribute to the development of NAFLD. Moreover, AR induction in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may aggravate oxidative stress and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the liver. Here, we summarize the knowledge on AR inhibitors of plant origin and review the effect of some plant-derived AR inhibitors on NAFLD/NASH in rodents. Natural AR inhibitors may improve NAFLD at least in part through attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine expression. Some of the natural AR inhibitors have been reported to attenuate hepatic steatosis through the regulation of PPARα-mediated fatty acid oxidation. In this review, we propose that the natural AR inhibitors are potential therapeutic agents for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxin Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China.,Fujian Province Universities Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology (Longyan University), Longyan 364012, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Chang Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China.,Fujian Province Universities Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology (Longyan University), Longyan 364012, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan 364012, China
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Zhou Q, Cheng KW, Xiao J, Wang M. The multifunctional roles of flavonoids against the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and AGEs-induced harmful effects. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Tewari D, Samoilă O, Gocan D, Mocan A, Moldovan C, Devkota HP, Atanasov AG, Zengin G, Echeverría J, Vodnar D, Szabo B, Crişan G. Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Used in Cataract Management. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:466. [PMID: 31263410 PMCID: PMC6585469 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cataract is the leading reason of blindness worldwide and is defined by the presence of any lens opacities or loss of transparency. The most common symptoms of cataract are impaired vision, decreased contrast sensitivity, color disturbance, and glare. Oxidative stress is among the main mechanisms involved in the development of age-related cataract. Surgery through phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation is the most effective method for cataract treatment, however, there are chances of serious complications and irreversible loss of vision associated with the surgery. Natural compounds consisting of antioxidant or anti-inflammatory secondary metabolites can serve as potential leads for anticataract agents. In this review, we tried to document medicinal plants and plant-based natural products used for cataract treatment worldwide, which are gathered from available ethnopharmacological/ethnobotanical data. We have extensively explored a number of recognized databases like Scifinder, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Scopus by using keywords and phrases such as “cataract”, “blindness”, “traditional medicine”, “ethnopharmacology”, “ethnobotany”, “herbs”, “medicinal plants”, or other relevant terms, and summarized the plants/phytoconstituents that are evaluated in different models of cataract and also tabulated 44 plants that are traditionally used in cataract in various folklore medical practices. Moreover, we also categorized the plants according to scientific studies carried out in different cataract models with their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Ovidiu Samoilă
- Department of Ophthalmology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gocan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cadmiel Moldovan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland.,Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dan Vodnar
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bianca Szabo
- Department of Anatomy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gianina Crişan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Cataract Preventive Role of Isolated Phytoconstituents: Findings from a Decade of Research. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111580. [PMID: 30373159 PMCID: PMC6265913 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataract is an eye disease with clouding of the eye lens leading to disrupted vision, which often develops slowly and causes blurriness of the eyesight. Although the restoration of the vision in people with cataract is conducted through surgery, the costs and risks remain an issue. Botanical drugs have been evaluated for their potential efficacies in reducing cataract formation decades ago and major active phytoconstituents were isolated from the plant extracts. The aim of this review is to find effective phytoconstituents in cataract treatments in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. A literature search was synthesized from the databases of Pubmed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus using different combinations of keywords. Selection of all manuscripts were based on inclusion and exclusion criteria together with analysis of publication year, plant species, isolated phytoconstituents, and evaluated cataract activities. Scientists have focused their attention not only for anti-cataract activity in vitro, but also in ex vivo and in vivo from the review of active phytoconstituents in medicinal plants. In our present review, we identified 58 active phytoconstituents with strong anti-cataract effects at in vitro and ex vivo with lack of in vivo studies. Considering the benefits of anti-cataract activities require critical evaluation, more in vivo and clinical trials need to be conducted to increase our understanding on the possible mechanisms of action and the therapeutic effects.
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13
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Yoon HJ, Bang MH, Kim H, Imm JY. Improvement of palmitate-induced insulin resistance in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells using Platycodon grandiflorum seed extracts. FOOD BIOSCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Parveen A, Kim JH, Oh BG, Subedi L, Khan Z, Kim SY. Phytochemicals: Target-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Diabetic Retinopathy. Molecules 2018; 23:E1519. [PMID: 29937497 PMCID: PMC6100391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A variety of causative factors are involved in the initiation of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Current antidiabetic therapies are expensive and not easily accessible by the public. Furthermore, the use of multiple synthetic drugs leads to severe side effects, which worsen the diabetic patient’s condition. Medicinal plants and their derived phytochemicals are considered safe and effective treatment and their consumption can reduce the DR risk. In this article, we discuss a variety of medicinal plants, and their noteworthy bio-active constituents, that will be utilized as target based therapeutic strategies for DR. Methods: A broad-spectrum study was conducted using published English works in various electronic databases including Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Results: Targeting the multiple pathological factors including ROS, AGEs formation, hexosamine flux, PARP, PKC, and MAPK activation through variety of bioactive constituents in medicinal plants, diabetes progression can be delayed with improved loss of vision. Conclusions: Data reveals that traditional herbs and their prominent bioactive components control and normalize pathological cellular factors involved in DR progression. Therefore, studies should be carried out to explore the protective retinopathy effects of medicinal plants using experimental animal and humans models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Parveen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 3800, Pakistan.
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Korea.
| | - Jin Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Korea.
| | - Byeong Gyu Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Korea.
| | - Lalita Subedi
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Korea.
| | - Zahra Khan
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Korea.
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Korea.
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Korea.
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15
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Yang R, Wang WX, Chen HJ, He ZC, Jia AQ. The inhibition of advanced glycation end-products by five fractions and three main flavonoids from Camellia nitidissima Chi flowers. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:252-259. [PMID: 29389562 PMCID: PMC9332662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Camellia nitidissima Chi (CNC), belonging to Camellia genus (Theaceae family), is a medicinal and edible plant in China. Among the whole plant, the CNC flowers are especially precious, but the biological activities and the compositions of the CNC flowers are unknown. In this study, inhibiting effects on the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) of five CNC flowers fractions and three isolated compounds were investigated, these three compounds are two flavonoid glycosides and one flavanol, namely kaempferol 3-O-[2,3,4-Tri-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-2,4-di-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-[2,3,4-Tri-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-4-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside and catechin. Among these five fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest total phenolic contents and inhibiting effects on AGE formation. Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-glucose and BSA-methylglyoxal assay showed that the ethyl acetate fraction inhibited AGE formation by 74.49% and 34.3% at 1 mg/mL, respectively. As the main components, these three compounds also showed remarkable inhibiting effects on AGE formation by scavenging methylglyoxal, next two catechin-carbonyl adducts were identified using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The results showed that the CNC flowers had remarkable inhibiting effects on the formation of AGEs. The primary structure-activity relationship showed (1) the glycosides could reduce the inhibiting effects compared to kaempferol and (2) the acetyl at position 2‴ in compound 1 had no remarkable influence of the inhibiting effects on AGE formation compared to compound 2.
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16
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Xiao J. Dietary flavonoid aglycones and their glycosides: Which show better biological significance? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:1874-1905. [PMID: 26176651 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1032400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dietary flavonoids, especially their glycosides, are the most vital phytochemicals in diets and are of great general interest due to their diverse bioactivity. The natural flavonoids almost all exist as their O-glycoside or C-glycoside forms in plants. In this review, we summarized the existing knowledge on the different biological benefits and pharmacokinetic behaviors between flavonoid aglycones and their glycosides. Due to various conclusions from different flavonoid types and health/disease conditions, it is very difficult to draw general or universally applicable comments regarding the impact of glycosylation on the biological benefits of flavonoids. It seems as though O-glycosylation generally reduces the bioactivity of these compounds - this has been observed for diverse properties including antioxidant activity, antidiabetes activity, anti-inflammation activity, antibacterial, antifungal activity, antitumor activity, anticoagulant activity, antiplatelet activity, antidegranulating activity, antitrypanosomal activity, influenza virus neuraminidase inhibition, aldehyde oxidase inhibition, immunomodulatory, and antitubercular activity. However, O-glycosylation can enhance certain types of biological benefits including anti-HIV activity, tyrosinase inhibition, antirotavirus activity, antistress activity, antiobesity activity, anticholinesterase potential, antiadipogenic activity, and antiallergic activity. However, there is a lack of data for most flavonoids, and their structures vary widely. There is also a profound lack of data on the impact of C-glycosylation on flavonoid biological benefits, although it has been demonstrated that in at least some cases C-glycosylation has positive effects on properties that may be useful in human healthcare such as antioxidant and antidiabetes activity. Furthermore, there is a lack of in vivo data that would make it possible to make broad generalizations concerning the influence of glycosylation on the benefits of flavonoids for human health. It is possible that the effects of glycosylation on flavonoid bioactivity in vitro may differ from that seen in vivo. With in vivo (oral) treatment, flavonoid glycosides showed similar or even higher antidiabetes, anti-inflammatory, antidegranulating, antistress, and antiallergic activity than their flavonoid aglycones. Flavonoid glycosides keep higher plasma levels and have a longer mean residence time than those of aglycones. We should pay more attention to in vivo benefits of flavonoid glycosides, especially C-glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Xiao
- a Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau , Taipa , Macau.,b Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , Würzburg , Germany
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17
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Sadowska-Bartosz I, Bartosz G. Effect of glycation inhibitors on aging and age-related diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 160:1-18. [PMID: 27671971 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vast evidence supports the view that glycation of proteins is one of the main factors contributing to aging and is an important element of etiopathology of age-related diseases, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus, cataract and neurodegenerative diseases. Counteracting glycation can therefore be a means of increasing both the lifespan and healthspan. In this review, accumulation of glycation products during aging is presented, pathophysiological effects of glycation are discussed and ways of attenuation of the effects of glycation are described, concentrating on prevention of glycation. The effects of glycation and glycation inhibitors on the course of selected age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and cataract are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza St. 4, 35-604 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Bartosz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza St. 4, 35-604 Rzeszów, Poland; Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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18
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Jagdale AD, Bavkar LN, More TA, Joglekar MM, Arvindekar AU. Strong inhibition of the polyol pathway diverts glucose flux to protein glycation leading to rapid establishment of secondary complications in diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:398-405. [PMID: 26896333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyol pathway and protein glycation are implicated in establishing secondary complications in diabetes. Their relative contribution to the process needs to be evaluated. It is essential to understand why some aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs) trials are successful while some have failed and to study their effect on protein glycation. METHODS Aldose reductase (AR) was assayed using xylose as substrate; protein glycation was evaluated using total and specific fluorescence, fructoseamine and protein bound carbonyl content (PCO) measurements. Long term studies were carried out on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats for evaluation of urine parameters, tissue fluorescence. Anti-cataract action was studied by lens culture studies. RESULTS Epalrestat, a commercial ARI was also found to possess potent glycation inhibitory action. Long term experiments revealed strong protein glycation with higher concentration of citronellol (ARI) demonstrating shift in glucose flux. Treatment with epalrestat and limonene revealed improved urine parameters and tissue fluorescence. Lens culture studies revealed cataract formation at higher inhibition of AR while no lens opacity was observed at lower citronellol concentration and with limonene and epalrestat. CONCLUSION Strong inhibition of AR shifts the glucose flux to protein glycation causing damage. ARIs possessing protein glycation inhibition are more useful in amelioration of secondary complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini D Jagdale
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004 Maharashtra, India
| | - Laxman N Bavkar
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004 Maharashtra, India
| | - Tanaji A More
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004 Maharashtra, India
| | - Madhav M Joglekar
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004 Maharashtra, India
| | - Akalpita U Arvindekar
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004 Maharashtra, India.
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19
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Global Profiling of Various Metabolites in Platycodon grandiflorum by UPLC-QTOF/MS. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26786-96. [PMID: 26569219 PMCID: PMC4661852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a method of metabolite profiling based on UPLC-QTOF/MS was developed to analyze Platycodon grandiflorum. In the optimal UPLC, various metabolites, including major platycosides, were separated well in 15 min. The metabolite extraction protocols were also optimized by selecting a solvent for use in the study, the ratio of solvent to sample and sonication time. This method was used to profile two different parts of P. grandiflorum, i.e., the roots of P. grandiflorum (PR) and the stems and leaves of P. grandiflorum (PS), in the positive and negative ion modes. As a result, PR and PS showed qualitatively and quantitatively different metabolite profiles. Furthermore, their metabolite compositions differed according to individual plant samples. These results indicate that the UPLC-QTOF/MS-based profiling method is a good tool to analyze various metabolites in P. grandiflorum. This metabolomics approach can also be applied to evaluate the overall quality of P. grandiflorum, as well as to discriminate the cultivars for the medicinal plant industry.
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20
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Xiao J, Chen T, Cao H. WITHDRAWN: Flavonoid glycosylation and biological benefits. Biotechnol Adv 2014:S0734-9750(14)00092-5. [PMID: 24858477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Biology, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd, Shanghai 200234, China; Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; Anhui Academy of Applied Technology, Suixi Road 312, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226007, China.
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21
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Al-Shabrawey M, Elsherbiny M, Nussbaum J, Othman A, Megyerdi S, Tawfik A. Targeting Neovascularization in Ischemic Retinopathy: Recent Advances. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014; 8:267-286. [PMID: 25598837 DOI: 10.1586/eop.13.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pathological retinal neovascularization (RNV) is a common micro-vascular complication in several retinal diseases including retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and central vein occlusion. The current therapeutic modalities of RNV are invasive and although they may slow or halt the progression of the disease they are unlikely to restore normal acuity. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop treatment modalities, which are less invasive and therefore associated with fewer procedural complications and systemic side effects. This review article summarizes our understanding of the pathophysiology and current treatment of RNV in ischemic retinopathies; lists potential therapeutic targets; and provides a framework for the development of future treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
- Oral Biology/Anatomy, College of Dental Medicine, GeorgiaRegentsUniversity (GRU), Augusta GA, USA ; Ophthalmology and Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, GRU ; Anatomy, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University-Egypt ; Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, GRU
| | - Mohamed Elsherbiny
- Oral Biology/Anatomy, College of Dental Medicine, GeorgiaRegentsUniversity (GRU), Augusta GA, USA ; Ophthalmology and Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, GRU ; Anatomy, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University-Egypt
| | - Julian Nussbaum
- Ophthalmology and Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, GRU
| | - Amira Othman
- Anatomy, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University-Egypt
| | - Sylvia Megyerdi
- Oral Biology/Anatomy, College of Dental Medicine, GeorgiaRegentsUniversity (GRU), Augusta GA, USA
| | - Amany Tawfik
- Ophthalmology and Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, GRU ; Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, GRU
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Han XN, Liu CY, Liu YL, Xu QM, Li XR, Yang SL. New triterpenoids and other constituents from the fruits of Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:12692-12699. [PMID: 24313299 DOI: 10.1021/jf405384r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. fruits are widely consumed in China and tropical countries. This study identifies three new triterpenoids, 3α,29-O-di-trans-cinnamoyl-D:C-friedooleana-7,9(11)-diene (1), oleanolic acid 28-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)]-(1→3)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-l-arabinopyranoside (2), and oleanolic acid 28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-d-xylopyranosyl-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)]-(1→3)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-l-arabinopyranoside (3), together with 12 known compounds, multiflorenol (4), isomultiflorenyl acetate (5), stigmasterol (6), stigmasterol 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (7), α-spinasterol (8), α-spinasterol 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (9), β-sitosterol (10), daucosterol (11), arbutin (12), nicotinic acid (13), (+)-pinonesinol (14), and ethyl β-d-glucopyranoside (15). The structures of compounds 1-15 were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. All the compounds with the exception of 4, 5, and 9-11 were isolated from B. hispida for the first time. The anticomplement activities of compounds 1-15 were assessed by Mayer's modified method. Compounds 1-15 showed no significant cytotoxic activity against HeLa human cervical, HL-60 human hepatoma, and SMMC-7721 human hepatoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Han
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
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23
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Scopoletin inhibits rat aldose reductase activity and cataractogenesis in galactose-fed rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:787138. [PMID: 24101940 PMCID: PMC3786474 DOI: 10.1155/2013/787138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cataracts are a major cause of human blindness. Aldose reductase (AR) is an important rate-limiting enzyme that contributes to cataract induction in diabetic patients. Scopoletin is the main bioactive constituent of flower buds from Magnolia fargesii and is known to inhibit AR activity. To assess scopoletin's ability to mitigate sugar cataract formation in vivo, we studied its effects in a rat model of dietary galactose-induced sugar cataracts. Galactose-fed rats were orally dosed with scopoletin (10 or 50 mg/kg body weight) once a day for 2 weeks. Administering scopoletin delayed the progression of the cataracts that were induced by dietary galactose. Scopoletin also prevented galactose-induced changes in lens morphology, such as lens fiber swelling and membrane rupture. Scopoletin's protective effect against sugar cataracts was mediated by inhibiting both AR activity and oxidative stress. These results suggest that scopoletin is a useful treatment for sugar cataracts.
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24
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Tian S, Li Y, Li D, Xu X, Wang J, Zhang Q, Hou T. Modeling Compound–Target Interaction Network of Traditional Chinese Medicines for Type II Diabetes Mellitus: Insight for Polypharmacology and Drug Design. J Chem Inf Model 2013; 53:1787-803. [DOI: 10.1021/ci400146u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Tian
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing
100871, China
| | - Junmei Wang
- Department
of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas,
Texas 75390, United States
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Huerta-Reyes M, Herrera-Ruiz M, González-Cortazar M, Zamilpa A, León E, Reyes-Chilpa R, Aguilar-Rojas A, Tortoriello J. Neuropharmacological in vivo effects and phytochemical profile of the extract from the aerial parts of Heteropterys brachiata (L.) DC. (Malpighiaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:311-317. [PMID: 23313391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Heteropterys brachiata is a plant species that has been used in traditional Mexican medicine for the treatment of nervous disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, antidepressant and sedative effects produced by the methanolic extract of Heteropterys brachiata (HbMeOH) in ICR mice. Additionally, we determine the acute toxicity profiles of the extract and the presence of its main constituents. MATERIAL AND METHODS The neuropharmacological effects of the extract were evaluated using a variety of models, such as the elevated plus maze (EPM), the forced swimming test (FST), the pentobarbital potentiation test (PTBt), pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures test (PTZt), and the open field test (OFT). HPLC was employed for obtention of phytochemical profile. RESULTS HbMeOH produced a significant antidepressant effect in FST at 500 and 750 mg/kg doses, while doses from 500 to 1500 mg/kg exhibited a clear dose-dependent anxiolytic activity in EPM. A dose of 500 mg/kg showed a significant anticonvulsant activity in PTZt and an absence of sedation effects in PTBt. The main compounds of HbMeOH were chlorogenic acid and chlorogenic acid methyl ester, as well as less abundant terpene-type compounds. Furthermore, the extract was either safe with no deaths in mice treated orally with 2000 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS HbMeOH extract which contains mainly hydroxycinnamic acids and triterpene-type compounds, possesses antidepressant, anxiolytic and anticonvulsive properties and can be considered safe or of low toxicity when orally administrated. These findings lend pharmacological justification to the traditional use of Heteropterys brachiata in the treatment of nervous disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Huerta-Reyes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Argentina No. 1, Col. Centro, Xochitepec, Morelos C.P. 62790, Mexico.
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Effects of Fructus mume Extract on MAPK and NF-κB Signaling and the Resultant Improvement in the Cognitive Deficits Induced by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:450838. [PMID: 23346201 PMCID: PMC3546564 DOI: 10.1155/2012/450838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fructus mume (F. mume) has been used as a medicinal food in Japan and has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects in inflammatory bowel disease and macrophage-mediated inflammation. We investigated the effects of F. mume extracts on cognitive dysfunction in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion was induced in male Wister rats by bilateral common artery occlusion (BCCAo). Daily administration of F. mume extracts was started on day 20 after post-BCCAo and continued for 40 days. The status of hippocampus-dependent memory was evaluated in control rats, rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, and rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion that were administered F. mume. The levels of microglial activation were measured in the hippocampus and the fimbria of hippocampus, and expression levels of hippocampal mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were examined. Rats that received chronic cerebral hypoperfusion showed spatial memory impairments relative to the control rats; these impairments were reduced by daily administration of F. mume. Administration of F. mume mitigated the microglial activation and alterations of hippocampal MAPK and NF-κB signaling in the rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. These results indicate that F. mume may possess therapeutic potential for the prevention of vascular dementia via inhibition of inflammatory processes.
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Ha TJ, Lee JH, Lee MH, Lee BW, Kwon HS, Park CH, Shim KB, Kim HT, Baek IY, Jang DS. Isolation and identification of phenolic compounds from the seeds of Perilla frutescens (L.) and their inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and aldose reductase. Food Chem 2012; 135:1397-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Veeramani C, Al-Numair KS, Alsaif MA, Chandramohan G, Al-Numair NS, Pugalendi KV. Protective effect of Cardiospermum halicacabum leaf extract on glycoprotein components on STZ–induced hyperglycemic rats. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012. [PMID: 23199710 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(12)60178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Patel D, Kumar R, Sairam K, Hemalatha S. Pharmacologically tested aldose reductase inhibitors isolated from plant sources — A concise report. Chin J Nat Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(12)60078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Park SW, Cho CS, Ryu NH, Kim JH, Kim JS, Kim JH. Luteolin extracted from Platycodon grandiflorum protects retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress-induced caspase-3 dependent apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Jung HA, Islam MN, Kwon YS, Jin SE, Son YK, Park JJ, Sohn HS, Choi JS. Extraction and identification of three major aldose reductase inhibitors from Artemisia montana. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:376-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kim YS, Kim NH, Lee YM, Kim JS. Preventive Effect of Chlorogenic Acid on Lens Opacity and Cytotoxicity in Human Lens Epithelial Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:925-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Sook Kim
- Diabetic Complications Research Center, Division of Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) Integrated Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM)
| | - Nan Hee Kim
- Diabetic Complications Research Center, Division of Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) Integrated Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM)
| | - Yun Mi Lee
- Diabetic Complications Research Center, Division of Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) Integrated Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM)
| | - Jin Sook Kim
- Diabetic Complications Research Center, Division of Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) Integrated Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM)
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