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Zhou Y, Yu S, Chen D, Li H, Xu P, Yuan C, Jiang L, Huang M. Nafamostat Mesylate in Combination with the Mouse Amino-Terminal Fragment of Urokinase-Human Serum Albumin Improves the Treatment Outcome of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:905-917. [PMID: 36463525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly aggressive and causes a higher proportion of metastatic cases. However, therapies directed to specific molecular targets have rarely achieved clinically meaningful improvements in the outcome of TNBC therapy. A urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), one of the best-validated biomarkers of breast cancer, is an extracellular proteolytic serine protease involved in many pathological and physiological processes, including tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Nafamostat mesylate (NM) is a synthetic compound that inhibits various serine proteases and has been used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of TNBC. Nevertheless, NM has poor specificity for serine proteases and is easy be hydrolyzed; moreover, the inhibitory mechanism of TNBC therapy is unclear. In this study, we combine NM with a macromolecular drug delivery vehicle, mouse amino-terminal fragment of urokinase-human serum albumin (mATF-HSA), to form a complex (mATF-HSA:NM) using the dilution-incubation-purification method. mATF specifically targets uPAR overexpressed on the surface of TNBC cells; moreover, HSA prevents NM from being hydrolyzed by numerous serine proteases. mATF-HSA:NM showed stronger inhibitory effects on the proliferation and metastasis of TNBC in vitro and in vivo without significant cytotoxicity on normal cells and tissues. In addition, we demonstrated that NM mediates metastasis of TNBC cells through inhibition of uPA using a stable uPA knockdown cell line (MDA-MB231 shuPA). Overall, we have developed a macromolecular complex targeted to treat high uPAR-expressing tumor types, and mATF-HSA can potentially be used to load other types of drugs with tumor-targeting specificity for mouse tumor models and is a promising tool to study tumor biology in mouse tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian350116, P.R. China
| | - Shujuan Yu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian350116, P.R. China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian350116, P.R. China
| | - Hanlin Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian350116, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian350116, P.R. China
| | - Cai Yuan
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian350116, P.R. China
| | - Longguang Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian350116, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Lab Moratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian350116, P.R. China
| | - Mingdong Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian350116, P.R. China
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2
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Zhou Y, Wu J, Xue G, Li J, Jiang L, Huang M. Structural study of the uPA-nafamostat complex reveals a covalent inhibitory mechanism of nafamostat. Biophys J 2022; 121:3940-3949. [PMID: 36039386 PMCID: PMC9674978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nafamostat mesylate (NM) is a synthetic compound that inhibits various serine proteases produced during the coagulation cascade and inflammation. Previous studies showed that NM was a highly safe drug for the treatment of different cancers, but the precise functions and mechanisms of NM are not clear. In this study, we determined a series of crystal structures of NM and its hydrolysates in complex with a serine protease (urokinase-type plasminogen activator [uPA]). These structures reveal that NM was cleaved by uPA and that a hydrolyzed product (4-guanidinobenzoic acid [GBA]) remained covalently linked to Ser195 of uPA, and the other hydrolyzed product (6-amidino-2-naphthol [6A2N]) released from uPA. Strikingly, in the inactive uPA (uPA-S195A):NM structure, the 6A2N side of intact NM binds to the specific pocket of uPA. Molecular dynamics simulations and end-point binding free-energy calculations show that the conf1 of NM (6A2N as P1 group) in the uPA-S195A:NM complex may be more stable than conf2 of NM (GBA as P1 group). Moreover, in the structure of uPA:NM complex, the imidazole group of His57 flips further away from Ser195 and disrupts the stable canonical catalytic triad conformation. These results not only reveal the inhibitory mechanism of NM as an efficient serine protease inhibitor but also might provide the structural basis for the further development of serine protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Juhong Wu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Guangpu Xue
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Longguang Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China.
| | - Mingdong Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China.
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3
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Morimoto M, Toyoda H, Niwa K, Hanaki R, Okuda T, Nakato D, Amano K, Iwamoto S, Hirayama M. Nafamostat mesylate prevents metastasis and dissemination of neuroblastoma through vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition. Mol Clin Oncol 2022; 17:138. [PMID: 35949892 PMCID: PMC9353881 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2022.2571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a highly malignant disease with a poor prognosis and few treatment options. Despite conventional chemotherapy for neuroblastoma, resistance, invasiveness, and metastatic mobility limit the treatment efficacy. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new strategies for treating neuroblastoma. The present study aimed to evaluate the anticancer effects of nafamostat mesylate, a previously known serine protease inhibitor, on neuroblastoma cells. Effects of nafamostat mesylate on neuroblastoma cell migration and proliferation were analyzed by wound healing assay and WST-8 assay, respectively. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of nafamostat mesylate on neuroblastoma, the expression levels of NF-κB were measured via western blotting, and the production of the cytokine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the cell culture supernatants was determined via ELISA. In addition, a mouse model of hematogenous metastasis was used to investigate the effects of nafamostat mesylate on neuroblastoma. It was determined that nafamostat mesylate significantly inhibited migration and invasion of Neuro-2a cells, but it had no effect on cell proliferation at 24 h after treatment. Exposure of Neuro-2a cells to nafamostat mesylate resulted in decreased vascular endothelial growth factor production, which could be a pivotal mechanism underlying the inhibitory effects of neuroblastoma metastasis. The results of the present study suggest that nafamostat mesylate may be an effective treatment against neuroblastoma invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Morimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514‑8507, Japan
| | - Hidemi Toyoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514‑8507, Japan
| | - Kaori Niwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514‑8507, Japan
| | - Ryo Hanaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514‑8507, Japan
| | - Taro Okuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514‑8507, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakato
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514‑8507, Japan
| | - Keishiro Amano
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514‑8507, Japan
| | - Shotaro Iwamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514‑8507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hirayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514‑8507, Japan
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Mantzourani C, Vasilakaki S, Gerogianni VE, Kokotos G. The discovery and development of transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) inhibitors as candidate drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:231-246. [PMID: 35072549 PMCID: PMC8862169 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2029843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the devastating pandemic named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Unfortunately, the discovery of antiviral agents to combat COVID-19 is still an unmet need. Transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) is an important mediator in viral infection and thus, TMPRRS2 inhibitors may be attractive agents for COVID-19 treatment. AREAS COVERED This review article discusses the role of TMPRSS2 in SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and summarizes the inhibitors of TMPRSS2 and their potential anti-SARS activity. Two known TMPRSS2 inhibitors, namely camostat and nafamostat, approved drugs for the treatment of pancreatitis, are under clinical trials as potential drugs against COVID-19. EXPERT OPINION Due to the lack of the crystal structure of TMPRSS2, homology models have been developed to study the interactions of known inhibitors, including repurposed drugs, with the enzyme. However, novel TMPRSS2 inhibitors have been identified through high-throughput screening, and appropriate assays studying their in vitro activity have been set up. The discovery of TMPRSS2's crystal structure will facilitate the rational design of novel inhibitors and in vivo studies and clinical trials will give a clear answer if TMPRSS2 inhibitors could be a new weapon against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Mantzourani
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece
- Center of Excellence for Drug Design and Discovery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Vasilakaki
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece
- Center of Excellence for Drug Design and Discovery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Velisaria-Eleni Gerogianni
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece
- Center of Excellence for Drug Design and Discovery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Kokotos
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece
- Center of Excellence for Drug Design and Discovery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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5
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Ji D, Fleig A, Horgen FD, Feng ZP, Sun HS. Modulators of TRPM7 and its potential as a drug target for brain tumours. Cell Calcium 2021; 101:102521. [PMID: 34953296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
TRPM7 is a non-selective divalent cation channel with an alpha-kinase domain. Corresponding with its broad expression, TRPM7 has a role in a wide range of cell functions, including proliferation, migration, and survival. Growing evidence shows that TRPM7 is also aberrantly expressed in various cancers, including brain cancers. Because ion channels have widespread tissue distribution and result in extensive physiological consequences when dysfunctional, these proteins can be compelling drug targets. In fact, ion channels comprise the third-largest drug target type, following enzymes and receptors. Literature has shown that suppression of TRPM7 results in inhibition of migration, invasion, and proliferation in several human brain tumours. Therefore, TRPM7 presents a potential target for therapeutic brain tumour interventions. This article reviews current literature on TRPM7 as a potential drug target in the context of brain tumours and provides an overview of various selective and non-selective modulators of the channel relevant to pharmacology, oncology, and ion channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Ji
- Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Andrea Fleig
- Center for Biomedical Research at The Queen's Medical Center and John A. Burns School of Medicine and Cancer Center at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
| | - F David Horgen
- Department of Natural Sciences, Hawaii Pacific University, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, USA
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Department of Pharmacology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2.
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6
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Lin YT, Lin J, Liu YE, Hsu KW, Hsieh CC, Chen DR, Wu HT. Nafamostat mesylate overcomes endocrine resistance of breast cancer through epigenetic regulation of CDK4 and CDK6 expression. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101302. [PMID: 34890965 PMCID: PMC8665409 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nafamostat mesylate (NM) causes apoptosis and suppresses metastasis of endocrine-resistant ER-positive breast cancer (ERPBC). Epigenetic downregulation of CDK4/CDK6 by NM in endocrine-resistant ERPBC via disruption of binding of H3K27Ac on promoter region. Combination of nafamostat mesylate and CDK4/6 inhibitor synergistically overcomes endocrine resistance of breast cancer. Nafamostat mesylate would be a well-efficient drug for endocrine-resistant ERPBC.
Breast cancer is common worldwide, and the estrogen receptor-positive subtype accounts for approximately 70% of breast cancer in women. Tamoxifen and fulvestrant are drugs currently used for endocrinal therapy. Breast cancer exhibiting endocrine resistance can undergo metastasis and lead to the death of breast cancer patients. Drug repurposing is an active area of research in clinical medicine. We found that nafamostat mesylate, clinically used for patients with pancreatitis and disseminated intravascular coagulation, acts as an anti-cancer drug for endocrine-resistant estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (ERPBC). Epigenetic repression of CDK4 and CDK6 by nafamostat mesylate induced apoptosis and suppressed the metastasis of ERPBC through the deacetylation of Histone 3 Lysine 27. A combination of nafamostat mesylate and CDK4/6 inhibitor synergistically overcame endocrine resistance in ERPBC. Nafamostat mesylate might be an essential adjuvant or alternative drug for the treatment of endocrine-resistant ERPBC due to the low cost-efficiency of the CDK4/6 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Te Lin
- Cancer Genome Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Gueishan Dist., Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Joseph Lin
- Comprehensive Breast Cancer Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Yi-En Liu
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wen Hsu
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chi Hsieh
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Dar-Ren Chen
- Comprehensive Breast Cancer Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Tsang Wu
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
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7
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Peng L, Zhang H, Hu Z, Zhao Y, Liu S, Chen J. Nafamostat mesylate inhibits chlamydial intracellular growth in cell culture and reduces chlamydial infection in the mouse genital tract. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104413. [PMID: 32712115 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) infection is one of the most common bacterial sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. Untreated C. trachomatis infections that ascend to the upper genital tract lead to a series of severe complications. To search for novel antichlamydial drugs, we evaluated the effect of nafamostat mesylate (NM), a synthetic serine protease inhibitor, on chlamydial infection. NM inhibited chlamydial intracellular growth and reduced both the inclusion size and number in cell culture. NM may mainly target the intracellular reticulate bodies for inhibition. NM was also effective in enhancing chlamydial clearance from mouse genital tract when NM was applied to mice via intravaginal inoculation. The vaginal NM did not significantly alter inflammatory cytokine responses in the mouse genital tract. Thus, we have demonstrated a novel role of NM in inhibiting the obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zihao Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianlin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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8
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Ghali GZ, Ghali MGZ. Nafamostat mesylate attenuates the pathophysiologic sequelae of neurovascular ischemia. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2217-2234. [PMID: 32594033 PMCID: PMC7749469 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.284981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nafamostat mesylate, an apparent soi-disant panacea of sorts, is widely used to anticoagulate patients undergoing hemodialysis or cardiopulmonary bypass, mitigate the inflammatory response in patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis, and reverse the coagulopathy of patients experiencing the commonly preterminal disseminated intravascular coagulation in the Far East. The serine protease inhibitor nafamostat mesylate exhibits significant neuroprotective effects in the setting of neurovascular ischemia. Nafamostat mesylate generates neuroprotective effects by attenuating the enzymatic activity of serine proteases, neuroinflammatory signaling cascades, and the endoplasmic reticulum stress responses, downregulating excitotoxic transient receptor membrane channel subfamily 7 cationic currents, modulating the activity of intracellular signal transduction pathways, and supporting neuronal survival (brain-derived neurotrophic factor/TrkB/ERK1/2/CREB, nuclear factor kappa B. The effects collectively reduce neuronal necrosis and apoptosis and prevent ischemia mediated disruption of blood-brain barrier microarchitecture. Investigational clinical applications of these compounds may mitigate ischemic reperfusion injury in patients undergoing cardiac, hepatic, renal, or intestinal transplant, preventing allograft rejection, and treating solid organ malignancies. Neuroprotective effects mediated by nafamostat mesylate support the wise conduct of randomized prospective controlled trials in Western countries to evaluate the clinical utility of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Zaki Ghali
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA; Department of Toxicology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Michael George Zaki Ghali
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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Domarecka E, Skarzynska M, Szczepek AJ, Hatzopoulos S. Use of zebrafish larvae lateral line to study protection against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity: A scoping review. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2020; 34:2058738420959554. [PMID: 33084473 PMCID: PMC7786420 DOI: 10.1177/2058738420959554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present review aimed to consolidate and analyze the recent information about the use of zebrafish in studies concerning cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and otoprotection. MATERIAL AND METHODS The PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databanks were searched using the following MESH terms: zebrafish, cisplatin, ototoxicity. The identified publications were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and the 26 qualifying manuscripts were included in the full-text analysis. The experimental protocols, including cisplatin concentrations, the exposure duration and the outcome measurements used in zebrafish larvae studies, were evaluated and the reported knowledge was summarized. RESULTS Twenty-six substances protecting from cisplatin-induced toxicity were identified with the use of zebrafish larvae. These substances include quinine, salvianolic acid B, berbamine 6, benzamil, quercetin, dexmedetomidine, dexamethsanone, quinoxaline, edaravone, apocynin, dimethyl sulfoxide, KR-22335, SRT1720, ORC-13661, 3-MA, D-methionine, mdivi-1, FUT-175, rapamycin, Z-LLF-CHO, ATX, NAC, CYM-5478, CHCP1, CHCP2 and leupeptin. The otoprotective effects of compounds were attributed to their anti-ROS, anti-apoptotic and cisplatin uptake-blocking properties. The broadest range of protection was achieved when the experimental flow used preconditioning with an otoprotective compound and later a co-incubation with cisplatin. Protection against a high concentration of cisplatin was observed only in protocols using short exposure times (4 and 6 h). CONCLUSIONS The data extracted from the selected papers confirm that despite the differences between the human and the zebra fish hearing thresholds (as affected by cisplatin), the sensory cells of zebrafish and larval zebrafish are a valuable tool which could be used: (i) for the discovery of novel otoprotective substances and compounds; (ii) to screen their side effects and (iii) to extend the knowledge on the mechanisms of cisplatin-induced inner ear damage. For future studies, the development of a consensus experimental protocol is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Domarecka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Magda Skarzynska
- Institute of Sensory Organs, Kajetany, Poland
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka J Szczepek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Zhou Y, Chen D, Xue G, Yu S, Yuan C, Huang M, Jiang L. Improved therapeutic efficacy of quercetin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles on triple-negative breast cancer by inhibiting uPA. RSC Adv 2020; 10:34517-34526. [PMID: 35514369 PMCID: PMC9056791 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04231e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one kind of breast cancer that demonstrates highly aggressive tumor biology. The high heterogeneity of TNBC makes its individual clinical treatment extremely blind and limited, which also introduces more challenges into the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is a high level marker for breast cancer, which mediates tumor growth and metastasis. Quercetin is a plant-derived flavonoid in many plants, which inhibits uPA and has low bioavailability and mediocre pharmaceutical efficacy. Thus, we herein developed polymeric nanoparticulate systems from PLGA-TPGS (Qu-NPs) for quercetin oral delivery and evaluated the anticancer effect of this formulation on TNBC in vitro and in vivo. Qu-NPs have a uniform spherical morphology with a mean diameter of 198.4 ± 7.8 nm and good drug loading capacity (8.1 ± 0.4%). Moreover, Qu-NPs exhibited significantly improved inhibition on the growth and metastasis in TNBC cells. Following oral gavage, a remarkable antitumor effect of Qu-NPs on 4T1-bearing mice was observed with a tumor inhibition ratio of 67.88% and fewer lung metastatic colonies. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of quercetin on the migration of uPA knockdown MDA-MB231 cells was greatly attenuated. Together, Qu-NPs improved the significant antitumor and antimetastatic effects by inhibiting uPA, which provides a new strategy for the treatment of TNBC. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one kind of breast cancer that demonstrates highly aggressive tumor biology.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- College of Chemistry
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Chemistry
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Guangpu Xue
- College of Chemistry
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Shujuan Yu
- College of Chemistry
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Cai Yuan
- College of Biological Science and Engineering
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Mingdong Huang
- College of Chemistry
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Longguang Jiang
- College of Chemistry
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
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11
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Fuwa M, Kageyama M, Ohashi K, Sasaoka M, Sato R, Tanaka M, Tashiro K. Nafamostat and sepimostat identified as novel neuroprotective agents via NR2B N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism using a rat retinal excitotoxicity model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20409. [PMID: 31892740 PMCID: PMC6938488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to its role in the treatment of pancreatitis, the serine protease inhibitor nafamostat exhibits a retinal protective effect. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this effect are unknown. In this study, the neuroprotective effects of nafamostat and its orally active derivative sepimostat against excitotoxicity were further characterised in vitro and in vivo. In primary rat cortical neurons, nafamostat completely suppressed N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced cell death. Intravitreal injection of nafamostat and sepimostat protected the rat retina against NMDA-induced degeneration, whereas the structurally related compounds, gabexate and camostat, did not. The neuroprotective effects of nafamostat and the NR2B antagonist ifenprodil were remarkably suppressed by spermidine, a naturally occurring polyamine that modulates the NR2B subunit. Both nafamostat and sepimostat inhibited [3H]ifenprodil binding to fractionated rat brain membranes. Thus, nafamostat and sepimostat may exert neuroprotective effects against excitotoxic retinal degeneration through NMDA receptor antagonism at the ifenprodil-binding site of the NR2B subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Fuwa
- Research and Development, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nara, Japan.,Department of Genomic Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kageyama
- Global Alliances and External Research, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nara, Japan
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Research and Development, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nara, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sasaoka
- Global Alliances and External Research, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nara, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sato
- Department of Genomic Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masami Tanaka
- Department of Genomic Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kei Tashiro
- Department of Genomic Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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12
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Chen X, Xu Z, Zeng S, Wang X, Liu W, Qian L, Wei J, Yang X, Shen Q, Gong Z, Yan Y. The Molecular Aspect of Antitumor Effects of Protease Inhibitor Nafamostat Mesylate and Its Role in Potential Clinical Applications. Front Oncol 2019; 9:852. [PMID: 31552177 PMCID: PMC6733886 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nafamostat mesylate (NM), a synthetic serine protease inhibitor first placed on the market by Japan Tobacco in 1986, has been approved to treat inflammatory-related diseases, such as pancreatitis. Recently, an increasing number of studies have highlighted the promising effects of NM in inhibiting cancer progression. Alone or in combination treatments, studies have shown that NM attenuates various malignant tumors, including pancreatic, colorectal, gastric, gallbladder, and hepatocellular cancers. In this review, based on several activating pathways, including the canonical Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1) signaling pathway, and tumorigenesis-related tryptase secreted by mast cells, we summarize the anticancer properties of NM in existing studies both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the efficacy and side effects of NM in cancer patients are summarized in detail. To further clarify NM's antitumor activities, clinical trials devoted to validating the clinical applications and underlying mechanisms are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Long Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuying Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Abstract
The small ubiquitin-related modification molecule (SUMO), one of the post-translational modification molecules, is involved in a variety of cellular functions where it regulates protein activity and stability, transcription, and cell cycling. Modulation of protein SUMOylation or deSUMOylation modification has been associated with regulation of carcinogenesis in breast cancer. In the dynamic processes of SUMOylation and deSUMOylation in a variety of cancers, SUMO proteases (SENPs), reverse SUMOylation by isopeptidase activity and SENPs are mostly elevated, and are related to poor patient prognosis. Although underlying mechanisms have been suggested for how SENPs participate in breast cancer tumorigenesis, such as through regulation of target protein transactivation, cancer cell survival, cell cycle, or other post-translational modification-related machinery recruitment, the effect of SENP isoform-specific inhibitors on the progression of breast cancer have not been well evaluated. This review will introduce the functions of SENP1 and SENP2 and the underlying signaling pathways in breast cancer for use in discovery of new biomarkers for diagnosis or therapeutic targets for treatment. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(2): 113-118].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Sun Heo
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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14
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Han X, Wang N, Li J, Wang Y, Wang R, Chang J. Identification of nafamostat mesilate as an inhibitor of the fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) demethylase activity. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 297:80-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Bae SH, Park JH, Choi HG, Kim H, Kim SH. Imidazole Antifungal Drugs Inhibit the Cell Proliferation and Invasion of Human Breast Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:494-502. [PMID: 30092625 PMCID: PMC6131009 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is currently the most prevalent cancer in women, and its incidence increases every year. Azole antifungal drugs were recently found to have antitumor efficacy in several cancer types. They contain an imidazole (clotrimazole and ketoconazole) or a triazole (fluconazole and itraconazole) ring. Using human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), we evaluated the effects of azole drugs on cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, and invasion, and investigated the underlying mechanisms. Clotrimazole and ketoconazole inhibited the proliferation of both cell lines while fluconazole and itraconazole did not. In addition, clotrimazole and ketoconazole inhibited the motility of MDA-MB-231 cells and induced G1-phase arrest in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, as determined by cell cycle analysis and immunoblot data. Moreover, Transwell invasion and gelatin zymography assays revealed that clotrimazole and ketoconazole suppressed invasiveness through the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in MDA-MB-231 cells, although no significant changes in invasiveness were observed in MCF-7 cells. There were no significant changes in any of the observed parameters with fluconazole or itraconazole treatment in either breast cancer cell line. Taken together, imidazole antifungal drugs showed strong antitumor activity in breast cancer cells through induction of apoptosis and G1 arrest in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and suppression of invasiveness via matrix metalloproteinase 9 inhibition in MDA-MB-231 cells. Imidazole drugs have well-established pharmacokinetic profiles and known toxicity, which can make these generic drugs strong candidates for repositioning as antitumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hun Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyeom Choi
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology (KIT), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | | | - So Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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